Oceanology

Papers
(The median citation count of Oceanology is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-01-01 to 2026-01-01.)
ArticleCitations
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Thermohaline Structure of Waters in the Antarctic Sound17
Features of the Distribution of Black Sea Ichthyoplankton in Conditions of Activation of Atmospheric Processes in the Summer Hydrological Season of 202116
Evaluation of the Suspended Particulate Matter Content in the Coastal Zone of the Northeastern Black Sea Based on Relative Transparency15
Effect of Bottom Currents on Recording Seismic Signals on the Seabed12
Behavior Modes of a Quasi-Geostrophic Ellipsoidal Vortex in a Horizontal Flow with Vertical Shear11
Peculiarities of Formation of the Density Field in Mesoscale Eddies of the Lofoten Basin: Part 211
Determination of the Significant Wave Height from Doppler Radar Images of the Sea Surface10
Studies of Pelagic Ichthyofauna in the Central Eastern Atlantic (67th Cruise of the R/V Akademik Ioffe)10
Supply of Inorganic Carbon to Bottom Sediments of the North-Eastern Shelf of the Black Sea9
Сhanges in the Thermal Condition Trends in the Tropical Zone of the Pacific Ocean in 1982–20219
Transformation of the Major and Trace Element Composition of Dissolved Matter Runoff in the Mouths of Medium and Small Rivers of Russia’s Black Sea Coast9
Internal Waves near Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands9
Erratum to: Geodynamics of the Russian Arctic Shelf and Relief-Forming Processes in the Central Kara Basin8
Solubility of BaSO4 in Standard and Desalinated Seawater8
Studies of the Seasonal Variability of Oxygen, Apparent Oxygen Utilization, and Chlorophyll-A in the Northeastern Part of the Black Sea in 20128
Investigation of the Relationships between the Parameters of Lidar Echo Signals and Hydrooptical Characteristics in the Western Kara Sea7
Cruise 89 (First Leg) of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh: Climate Experiment in Interaction with the Tu-134 Optik Flying Laboratory7
Integrated Studies of Waters off the Western Coast of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago during a Cruise on the R/V Dalnie Zelentsy in August 20237
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (δ13С(DIC), [DIC]) in Waters of the Western Bering Sea7
Seasonality of Heat Exchange on the Barents Sea Surface7
Bacterioplankton in the Western Kara Sea6
Oceanographic Investigations in the Tropical Atlantic (Cruise 94 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh)6
Extension and Strike-Slips in the Crust of the Yellow Sea (Probabilistic Gravity Model)6
Meiobenthos of the Côn Đảo Islands (Vietnam): Differences in the Structure of Taxocenes of Reef Flats and Mangroves6
Mineralogy of Quaternary Sediments from the Vema Fracture Zone Valley (Central Atlantic)6
Volcanic Ash as a Source of Dissolved Phosphorus in the Ocean6
Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic Seas–2023: (Cruise 92 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the Kara Sea)5
Nutrient Distribution and Fluxes in Bays of the Shantar Archipelago5
Interannual Variability of Marine Phytoplankton Spring Bloom Phenology in the North European Basin5
Pleistocene Paleoceanographic Conditions in the Ioffe Drift Area (South Atlantic) Based on Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages5
Geological Investigations of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between the Charlie Gibbs and Maxwell Transform Faults during Cruise 53 of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov5
Magnetic Anomalies in the Southeastern Part of the King Through, Northeast Atlantic5
Bioindication of Bottom Sediments of the Gulf of Finland by the Composition of Meiobenthos in Combination with Biotesting and Chemical Analysis5
Summer Sea Surface and Air Temperature Forecasts for the White Sea Region Using a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model5
Seasonal Changes in Abundance, Biomass, and Species Composition of Zooplankton Communities in the Open Sea near the Crimean Coast of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov5
Geodynamics of the Russian Arctic Shelf and Relief-Forming Processes in the Central Kara Basin5
Reserves and Distribution of the Sand Thicknesses on the Marine Underwater Coastal Slope of the Anapa Bay-Bar5
Seasonal Variability of the Size Structure of Calanus sp. Populations in Spitsbergen Waters5
Investigations of the Western Arctic Shelf of Russia during the Cruise 56 of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov4
Experience of Large-Scale Geomorphological Mapping of Glaciated Shelves Using Geophysical Data (Velikaya Salma Strait, Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea)4
Verification of the Daily Periodicity of the Formation of Microincrements on Otoliths of Juveniles of the Ocellated Blenny Opisthocentrus ocellatus (Opisthocentridae) for a Retrospective Evaluation of4
Study of the PDO Index Predictability for 1 to 5 Years with INMCM54
Studies of Benthic Fauna within the Project “Assessment of the Current State of Environmental Systems in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean and Their Periodic Variability”4
The River–Sea Transition Zone (Marginal Filter) of the Northern Dvina River as an Effective Trap of Riverine Sedimentary Matter on Its Way to the Open Area of the White Sea4
Ethological and Acoustic Studies of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus ponticus Barabash, 1940) at the Karadag Reserve, Southeastern Crimea4
Grain Size Distribution, Organic Carbon, and Geochemical Markers in the Surface Layer of Bottom Sediments in the Northeastern Kara Sea4
Discovery of New Hydrothermal Korallovoe (13°07′ N) and Molodezhnoe Ore Fields (13°09′ N) in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge4
Picocyanobacteria in the Ob Estuary and Adjacent Kara Sea Shelf in Late Autumn: Composition, Distribution and Functional Role4
Experience of Using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle MMT-3000 for Research on Benthic Communities in Antartica4
Alterations of Terrigenous Sediments in Contact Zones with Basalts (Mouth of the California Gulf, Hole DSDP 474/474A)4
Assessment of Mercury Pollution of Coastal Waters in Ussuriysky and Amursky Bays Using Macroalgae4
Decadal Oscillations of the Mean Temperature of the Northern Hemisphere during Modern Global Warming4
Spatial Distribution of Phytoplankton in the Coastal Waters off Russkii Island (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan)4
Gas Geochemical Studies of Amur and Ussuri Bays (Sea of Japan) on the R/V Professor Gagarinskiy, Cruise Nos. 84 and 854
Regime of the Currents in the Southern Part of the Kerch Strait4
Geological, Geophysical, and Geoecological Studies of the Southeastern Baltic Sea on Cruises 47–49 of the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov4
Comparative Analysis of Mineral Assemblages in Bottom Sediments from Buor-Khaya Bay4
Structure of the Upper Sediment Cover in the Central Atlantic Based on High-Resolution Seismoacoustic Data3
Current Ecological State of Kozmino and Wrangel Bays (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan)3
Estimating Changes in the Volume of a Sandy Beach during a Storm3
Observations of Gray Seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Varzuga River Mouth (Tersky Coast of the White Sea)3
Sedimentological Effect of Noto Tsunami in Ice Cover Conditions of the Sea of Japan Coast3
Environmental Studies of the Baltic Sea on Cruise 53 of the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov3
Structure and Spatial Distribution of Mesozooplankton Communities in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean3
Assessment of the Influence of Abiotic Factors on the Distribution of Zostera in the Inner Bays of Posyet Bay Based on Numerical Simulation Results3
Seasonal Variability of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the North-Eastern Black Sea in 20123
Comparative Analysis of Jet Detection Methods on the Basis of Satellite Altimetry Data by Example of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Sector to the South of Africa3
Spatial Variability of Macro- and Mesozooplankton in the Bransfield Strait in January 20203
Features of Formation of the Lena Polynya on the Estuarine Nearshore of the Bykovsky Arm in Summer3
Impact of Bosphorus Intrusions on Long-Term Warming of Intermediate Waters in the Northeastern Black Sea3
State and Forecast of Development of the Shallow Sandy Coast of a Tidal Sea (A Case Study of Madagascar)3
Specific Features of Sedimentation of the Mudyug Towers Channel in Arkhangelsk Seaport in the Mouth of the Northern Dvina River3
Mesoscale Anticyclonic Eddies in the Primorye Current System of the Japan Sea in Summer3
Reduced Sulfur Compounds in Bottom Sediments of Lakes at Different Stages of Separation from Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea (Meromictic Lake Trekhtsvetnoe)3
Current Ecosystem Status of the Anchialine Meromictic Lake Mogilnoe (Kildin Island, Barents Sea)3
Results of a Combined Instrumental and Visual Aerial Survey of Cetaceans in the Northeastern Black Sea in 20193
Geological–Geophysical and Oceanographic Studies of the Eastern Part of the Sea of Okhotsk during Cruise 92 of the R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentiev3
Effect of Carbonate Alkalinity on the Solubility of Modern Marine Phosphorite3
Application of Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells in Systems of Year-Round Monitoring of Water Environment Parameters3
Study of the Marginal Filter of the Mesotidal Estuary of the Indiga River (Barents Sea Basin)3
Geodynamic, Geological and Geomorphological Investigations of Gas-Saturated Strata in the Western Russian Arctic (Rybachy Peninsula and Adjacent Waters of the Barents Sea)3
Hydrochemical Study of Academy Bay (Sea of Okhotsk)3
Shrimp in Sakhalin Bay (Sea of Okhotsk): The Size and Sex Composition and Nutrition in July–August of 2016–20173
Formation of Gas Accumulation on the East African Continental Margins3
Summer Habitat of Bearded Seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the Western Part of the Sea of Okhotsk3
Evolution of Sedimentation Environment of Postglacial Basins in the Eastern Gulf of Finland during the Holocene under the Changing Climate3
Distribution and General Biological Features of Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas3
Origin of Gaussberg Volcano Within the Continental Margin of the Antarctic Continent (Petrogeochemical Features and Geodynamic Model)3
Reductive Changes in the Radiation State of Bottom Sediments off the Coast of Novaya Zemlya3
Moored Meteorological Buoy as Part of National Green-House Monitoring System in the Barents Sea2
Role of Microorganisms and Viruses in the Vertical Flux in the East Siberian and Laptev Seas2
Individual Occurrence of Male Beluga Whales Delphinapterus leucas in Reproductive and Feeding Aggregations in the White Sea2
Currents in the Southwestern Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan, from the Stationary Wavescan Buoy Data in 20162
Spatial Structure of Deep-Sea Pelagial Ichthyocenes in the Northern Weddell Sea (Powell Basin) and Brunsfield Strait in Summer 2020 and 20222
Gas-Geochemical, Hydrological, and Biooptical Characteristics of the Shallow Northeastern Shelf of Sakhalin Island2
Concentration and Isotopic and Elemental Composition of Organic Matter in Subsea Thawed and Permafrost Deposits of Buor-Khaya Bay2
Modern Evolution of the Salt Composition of the Residual Basins of the Aral Sea2
Hydrological Structure and Water Dynamics in the Powell Basin in January–February 20222
Hydrophysical Research in the Tropical Atlantic (Cruise 52 of the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov)2
On the Possible Frontogenetic Role of Salt Finger Convection in the Ocean2
Comparative Analysis of the Morphometric and Reproductive Parameters of Snow Crab (Chionoecetes opilio) from the Kara and Barents Seas2
In vivo Chlorophyll Fluorescence Recording Methods and Their Application in Monitoring the Functional Status of Planktonic Algae2
Interannual Variability of Hydrochemical Parameters in the Kuril Area of the Northwest Pacific2
Expeditionary Studies of the Seas of Northeast Eurasia during Cruise 69 of the R/V Akademik Oparin2
Structural Paragenesis of a Shear Zone within the Intraplate Deformation of the Central Indian Ocean Basin2
Relationship between Fine Layering of Stratified Water Environment and Vertical Turbulent Mass Transport2
Morphometry of Ice Scours in the Southwestern Kara Sea2
Process of Postglacial Transgression on the Coasts of the East Siberian and Laptev Seas2
Baltic Sea Research on Cruise 61 of the R/V Akademik Ioffe (June–July 2022)2
Crust and Upper Mantle of the South China Sea (Probabilistic-Deterministic Gravity Model)2
Seasonal Meridional Shift of the Jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Africa2
The Laws of Waterfowl Motion and Their Use in the Movement of Underwater Objects2
Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts of the Kotzebue Guyot of the Magellan Seamounts of the Pacific Ocean: Conditions of Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry2
Estimation of Long-Term Variations in the Thermal Conditions and Distribution of Atlantic and Subarctic Water in the 21st Century in the Norwegian Sea Based on Area Survey Data2
Quantitative Distribution and Lipid Reserves of the Calanus euxinus (Copepoda) Population in the Black Sea in Late Autumn 20172
Oceanological Research on High Latitude Transects Near the Spitsbergen Archipelago during the Period of Polar Night2
Systems Research of Sedimentation in the European Arctic during the 84th Cruise of the Research Vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh2
Grain Size Properties of Surface Bottom Sediments from Chaun Bay2
Study of Oceanographic Conditions in the Area of the Avachinskiy Bay, Kamchatka, in Winter during an Expedition on the R/V Akademik Oparin (Cruise 65)2
Ice Conditions of the Russian Arctic Sea in Connection with the Occurring Climate Changes and Peculiarities of the Ice Cover Evolution in 20212
Comparison of Field and Satellite Data on the Total Cloudiness for the Atlantic Ocean in the Period 2004–20142
pCO2 Algorithms for the Baltic Sea Based on Ship, Modelled, and Satellite Data2
Contourites in the Seas of Russia2
Methods of Identifying Atmospheric Mesoscale Coherent Structures Over the North Atlantic2
Mesopelagic Micronekton and Macroplankton and the Conditions of Its Habitat in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean2
Hydrological and Hydrochemical Features of the Ob Estuary (Kara Sea) in the Season Preceding Winter2
Reconstruction of Seasonal Mean Clouds over the World Ocean Using a Probabilistic Distribution of Clouds and Singular Spectra2
Size-Fractionated Primary Production and Chlorophyll in the Kara Sea during the First-Year Ice Retreat2
Trends of Changes in Salinity in the Indian Ocean and Adjacent Areas of the Southern Ocean in 2005–2023 in Conditions of Strengthening the Hydrological Cycle2
Extreme Precipitation in June 2021 over the Black Sea in the Context of Long-Term Climate Change1
Erratum to: Currents and Tides in the Fram Strait and Greenland Sea1
Seasonal Dynamics of Algal Flora in the Stratified Kislo-Sladkoe Lake Partially Separated from the White Sea1
Video Recording of the Vertical Distribution of Zooplankton In Situ1
Investigations of Lateral Sedimentation and Water Mass Properties in the Tropical Atlantic during Cruise 60 of the R/V Akademik Ioffe1
Study of the State and Variability of the Japan and Okhotsk Seas in the 77th Cruise of the R/V Professor Gagarinskiy and 97th Cruise of the R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev1
The Distribution of Scleractinian Corals Inhabiting Depths of over 1000 m in the Pacific Ocean1
Sources of Freshwater Components in Western Part of the Bering Sea According to Isotope (δ18О, δD) Data1
Recent Benthic Foraminiferal Assemblages in the Western Part of the East Siberian Sea1
Long-Term Dynamics of Phytoplankton Parameters and Water Temperature in the Area of Sevastopol (Black Sea)1
Utilization of Nutrients Entering Through the Bering Strait to the Southwestern Chukchi Sea with the Example of Mineral Phosphorus1
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Upper Mixed Layer Properties in the Barents Sea1
Lithology and Stratigraphy of the Quaternary Sediments from the Ameghino Segment of the Atlantic Patagonian Margin1
Geological Structure of Marine Sediments around Bennett Island Based on Very-High-Resolution Seismic Data1
Oceanographic and Ecosystem Studies in the Atlantic Sector of Antarctica (Cruise 87 of the Research Vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh)1
Gas-Geochemical Studies of the Outer Water Area of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) on the R/V Professor Gagarinskiy, Cruise 831
Aeolian Landforms on the White Sea Coast: a Review of Classification and Spatial Distribution1
Quantitative and Production Characteristics of Phytoplankton in the Northern Part of the Weddell Sea in Summer1
Extreme Sea Level Variations in the Sea of Japan Caused by the Passage of Typhoons Maysak and Haishen in September 20201
Modern High-Resolution Digital Elevation Model of the Kara Sea Bottom1
Application to the World Ocean of the Theory of Transformation of a Mesoscale Vortex into a Submesoscale Vortex Filament When the Vortex Is Elongated by an Inhomogeneous Barotropic Flow1
Distribution and Variations of Elemental Sulfur in the Upper Part of the Black Sea Anoxic Water Column1
Water Masses in the Western Chukchi Sea in August 2019 and Their Hydrochemical Features1
Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic Seas–2021: Ecosystem of the Kara Sea in the Period of Seasonal Ice Melting (Cruise 83 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh)1
New Ideas about the Structure and Nature of the Crust of the Western Bay of Bengal, Obtained Taking into Account Deep Seismic Sounding Data1
Aspects of the Towed Underwater Vehicle “Videomodule”: Utilization for Surveying Underwater Objects and Benthic Fauna1
Oceanological Studies of the Russian Sectors of the Baltic Sea in 20231
Currents and Tides in the Fram Strait and Greenland Sea1
Structure and Temporal Variability of the Northern Branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Drake Passage1
Benthic Biocenoses of Taman Bay (Sea of Azov)1
Zooplankton of the Laptev Sea: Is the “Effect of the Continental Slope” Manifested in the Distribution, Feeding Activity and Grazing Impact on Phytoplankton?1
To the Question of Magmatism and Origin of the Afanasy Nikitin Rise Due to Discovery of Ancient Zircon by Three Billion Years Age1
Features of the Behavior of Organic Compounds in Water and Bottom Sediments in the Kara Sea during Seasonal Ice Melting1
Erratum to: Comparative Analysis of Jet Detection Methods on the Basis of Satellite Altimetry Data by Example of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Sector to the South of Africa1
Impact of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on the Upper Water Temperature of the North Atlantic and the Atlantic Sector of the Arctic Ocean1
Erratum to: Relationship between Respiration Rate and Body Weight in Arctic Copepods at Subzero Temperature1
Assessment of Inorganic Carbon Input by Mollusks to the Coastal Zone of the Northeastern Sector of the Black Sea in 2008–20231
Accumulation of Trace Elements by Zooplankton of Different Size Fractions in Kara Sea1
Concentration and Fluorescence of Chlorophyl a in the Atlantic Sector of Antarctica1
Geological–Geophysical and Oceanographic Research in the Sea of Japan, Tatar Strait, on Cruise 61 of the R/V Akademik Oparin1
Modeling of the Distribution and Relationship with Abiotic Environmental Factors of Juvenile and Adult Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Based on Actual Hydrophysical Measurements1
Social Organization of Beluga Whales Delphinapterus leucas Summering off the Solovetsky Islands (White Sea, Russia) Based on Photo-Identification Data: Identifying Social Clusters1
Oceanological Research in the Baltic Sea during the 56th Cruise of the Passenger Vessel Akademik Ioffe1
Changes in the Quantitative Characteristics of Macro- and Meiobenthos in the Blagopoluchiya Bay from 2013 to 2020 (Novaya Zemlya, the Kara Sea)1
Similarity of Quasi-Geostrophic Vortices Against the Background of Horizontal Currents with Vertical Shear and General-Type Currents with Barotropic and Baroclinic Components1
Exploring the Current State and Dynamics of Benthic Communities in the Sea of Japan and Bering Sea (Cruise 93 of R/V Akademik M.A. Lavrentyev)1
Monitoring of Shallow-Water Methane Seeps at Cape Fiolent (Black Sea)1
Effect of Interannual Variations of River Runoff on the Geochemistry of Estuarine Sediments1
Modern Distribution and Verification of Detected Natural Oil Seeps in the Azov–Black Sea Basin1
Application of Statistical Data Analysis Methods for Zoning Kara Sea Waters1
Preliminary Data on the Depth Effect on the Nematode Community in the East Siberian Sea1
Formation of the Modern Structure of the American–Antarctic Ridge1
Zooplankton of the Eastern Kara Sea: Response to a Short Ice-Free Period1
Morphology and Structural Features of the Subduction Zone in the Vicinity of Kuril–Kamchatka–Aleutian Junction1
State and Dynamics of Natural Systems and Bottom Landscapes of the Baltic Sea (Cruise 56 of the R/V Akademik Boris Petrov)1
Peculiarities of Solitary Scleractinian Corals of the Nazca Ridge and Their Relationship with Ocean Currents in the Past1
Change in the Chemical Composition of Sediments in Contact Zones with Basalt Sills, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California (DSDP 478 borehole)1
The Problem of Reconstructing the Profile of the Sea Surface from the Video Image of Laser Beams1
Agent-Based Model of Diatom Population Dynamics in Marginal Arctic Seas in Summer1
Monitoring of a Seasonal Local Aggregation of Beluga Whales Delphinapterus leucas Based on Presumed Identification “Contact Calls”: a Pilot Study1
Geological–Geophysical and Oceanographic Research in the Sea of Japan, the Tatar Strait, on Cruise 79 of the R/V Professor Gagarinsky1
Numerical Forecast of the Sea State Parameters Considering a Priori Nonadiabatic Sources for a Limited Marine Area1
Sources of Radioactive Pollution in the Arctic-2024 (97th Cruise of the R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh”)1
Concentration and Composition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediments of the Barents and Norwegian Seas1
Whistles in the Vocal Repertoire of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) and Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758)1
Cruise 93 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh: Geosystems of the Western Eurasian Arctic Shelves in the Season of Active Autumn–Winter Convection and Polar Night1
Lipid Profile of Tissues of the Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus): on the Relationship of the Composition of Lipids and Their Physiological and Biochemical Role in Maintaining Tissue Function1
Use of Sonar Systems to Detect Areas of Gas Discharge of the Seabed1
Components of Oil Pollution in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Northeastern Part of the Russian Black Sea Region1
Assessment of the Radioecological State of the Far Eastern Seas of Russia in Connection with Polluted Water Discharge from the Fukushima-1 NPP (Cruise 71 of the R/V Akademik Oparin)1
Coastal Dunes of the Maida River Estuary Area (Zimniy Coast of the White Sea): Spatial Distribution and Evolution Patterns1
Geological-Geophysical Investigations in the North Atlantic during Cruise 53 of the R/V Akademik Sergey Vavilov1
Spatiotemporal Variability and Transformation of Nutrients in the Gulf of Ob after Seasonal Ice Melt1
Geological Investigation of the King’s Trough on Expeditions 55 and 57 of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov1
Investigations of the Sediment Waves and Sea Mounts in the Eastern Atlantic (Cruise 66 of the RV Akademik Ioffe)1
New Estimate of the Supply of Dissolved Organic Carbon with Ob and Yenisei Water to the Kara Sea Basin1
Rhythmic Patterns of a Sandy Coast and Self-Organization of the Relief1
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