American Economic Review

Article	Citations
Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects	1763
Measuring Geopolitical Risk	798
Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How	686
Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure	364
Synthetic Difference-in-Differences	316
Overreaction in Macroeconomic Expectations	304
Nonrivalry and the Economics of Data	231
Social Media, News Consumption, and Polarization: Evidence from a Field Experiment	221
Misperceived Social Norms: Women Working Outside the Home in Saudi Arabia	219
Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion	204
Macroeconomic Implications of COVID-19: Can Negative Supply Shocks Cause Demand Shortages?	184
From Extreme to Mainstream: The Erosion of Social Norms	162
A Behavioral New Keynesian Model	157
Arrival of Young Talent: The Send-Down Movement and Rural Education in China	151
Testing the Waters: Behavior across Participant Pools	139
Notching R&D Investment with Corporate Income Tax Cuts in China	135
Tax-Exempt Lobbying: Corporate Philanthropy as a Tool for Political Influence	126
Five Facts about Beliefs and Portfolios	126
Rich Pickings? Risk, Return, and Skill in Household Wealth	126
The Macroeconomic Effects of Oil Supply News: Evidence from OPEC Announcements	121
Patronage and Selection in Public Sector Organizations	120
Methods Matter: p-Hacking and Publication Bias in Causal Analysis in Economics	120
Sources of Inaction in Household Finance: Evidence from the Danish Mortgage Market	114
Can Network Theory-Based Targeting Increase Technology Adoption?	105
Social Media and Mental Health	102

Interest Rates under Falling Stars	101
Knowledge Spillovers and Corporate Investment in Scientific Research	101
Types of Contact: A Field Experiment on Collaborative and Adversarial Caste Integration	101
Forced Migration and Human Capital: Evidence from Post-WWII Population Transfers	100
Regulation by Shaming: Deterrence Effects of Publicizing Violations of Workplace Safety and Health Laws	97
Social Ties and the Selection of China’s Political Elite	95
Building Nations through Shared Experiences: Evidence from African Football	95
Do Parents Value School Effectiveness?	90
Supply and Demand in Disaggregated Keynesian Economies with an Application to the COVID-19 Crisis	89
Aggregate Nominal Wage Adjustments: New Evidence from Administrative Payroll Data	88
Cities in Bad Shape: Urban Geometry in India	87
The Production Relocation and Price Effects of US Trade Policy: The Case of Washing Machines	87
Losing Prosociality in the Quest for Talent? Sorting, Selection, and Productivity in the Delivery of Public Services	85
Business-Cycle Anatomy	84
Small and Large Firms over the Business Cycle	83
Liquidity versus Wealth in Household Debt Obligations: Evidence from Housing Policy in the Great Recession	82
Valid t-ratio Inference for IV	82
Closing the Gap: The Effect of Reducing Complexity and Uncertainty in College Pricing on the Choices of Low-Income Students	78
On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women’s Financial Control Impacts Labor Supply and Gender Norms	78
Employer Consolidation and Wages: Evidence from Hospitals	76
Sources of Displaced Workers’ Long-Term Earnings Losses	76
Can You Move to Opportunity? Evidence from the Great Migration	75
Unwatched Pollution: The Effect of Intermittent Monitoring on Air Quality	75
Long-Run Growth of Financial Data Technology	73
Imperfect Competition, Compensating Differentials, and Rent Sharing in the US Labor Market	71
Labor Market Power	71
The Elephant in the Room: The Impact of Labor Obligations on Credit Markets	68
The Effect of ­High-Tech Clusters on the Productivity of Top Inventors	68
Changing Business Dynamism and Productivity: Shocks versus Responsiveness	67
A Few Bad Apples? Racial Bias in Policing	66
Competition and Entry in Agricultural Markets: Experimental Evidence from Kenya	65
Stock Market Wealth and the Real Economy: A Local Labor Market Approach	63
The Competitive Impact of Vertical Integration by Multiproduct Firms	62
Going Negative at the Zero Lower Bound: The Effects of Negative Nominal Interest Rates	62
The Legacy of Colonial Medicine in Central Africa	61
Mortgage Debt, Consumption, and Illiquid Housing Markets in the Great Recession	60
Exchange Rates and Prices: Evidence from the 2015 Swiss Franc Appreciation	60
Reshaping Adolescents' Gender Attitudes: Evidence from a School-Based Experiment in India	59
Daily Labor Supply and Adaptive Reference Points	58
Escalation of Scrutiny: The Gains from Dynamic Enforcement of Environmental Regulations	58
Digital Addiction	56
Multidimensional Skills, Sorting, and Human Capital Accumulation	55
Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration	55
The Abolition of Immigration Restrictions and the Performance of Firms and Workers: Evidence from Switzerland	55
Public Procurement in Law and Practice	55
Asymmetric Consumption Smoothing	54
The Nature of Firm Growth	54
A Model of Competing Narratives	53
How Well Targeted Are Soda Taxes?	53
Heterogeneous Beliefs and School Choice Mechanisms	51

Devotion and Development: Religiosity, Education, and Economic Progress in Nineteenth-Century France	51
The Long-Run Effects of Childhood Insurance Coverage: Medicaid Implementation, Adult Health, and Labor Market Outcomes	50
Asymmetric Attention	50
The Risk-Adjusted Carbon Price	49
Policy Language and Information Effects in the Early Days of Federal Reserve Forward Guidance	49
Equilibrium Technology Diffusion, Trade, and Growth	49
Belief Elicitation and Behavioral Incentive Compatibility	49
Financial Crises, Dollarization, and Lending of Last Resort in Open Economies	48
Job Seekers’ Perceptions and Employment Prospects: Heterogeneity, Duration Dependence, and Bias	48
Political Turnover, Bureaucratic Turnover, and the Quality of Public Services	47
Lack of Selection and Limits to Delegation: Firm Dynamics in Developing Countries	47
Can Policy Change Culture? Government Pension Plans and Traditional Kinship Practices	47
Myopia and Anchoring	46
Feedbacks: Financial Markets and Economic Activity	46
Reference Points for Retirement Behavior: Evidence from German Pension Discontinuities	46
Home Values and Firm Behavior	46
An Alternative Explanation for the “Fed Information Effect”	45
Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in the United States over Two Centuries	44
The Effects of Parental and Sibling Incarceration: Evidence from Ohio	44
The Causal Interpretation of Two-Stage Least Squares with Multiple Instrumental Variables	43
Supply Network Formation and Fragility	42
Monopsony in the US Labor Market	42
How Research Affects Policy: Experimental Evidence from 2,150 Brazilian Municipalities	42
Does When You Die Depend on Where You Live? Evidence from Hurricane Katrina	42
Dynastic Human Capital, Inequality, and Intergenerational Mobility	41
What Makes a Rule Complex?	41
Using Aggregated Relational Data to Feasibly Identify Network Structure without Network Data	41
Belief Distortions and Macroeconomic Fluctuations	41
Household Debt Revaluation and the Real Economy: Evidence from a Foreign Currency Debt Crisis	41
Mortgage Prepayment and Path-Dependent Effects of Monetary Policy	40
Media, Pulpit, and Populist Persuasion: Evidence from Father Coughlin	40
Imperfect Markets versus Imperfect Regulation in US Electricity Generation	40
From Weber to Kafka: Political Instability and the Overproduction of Laws	39
Seasonal Liquidity, Rural Labor Markets, and Agricultural Production	39
Venting Out: Exports during a Domestic Slump	39
Migrants and Firms: Evidence from China	38
Speculative Fever: Investor Contagion in the Housing Bubble	38
Credit, Attention, and Externalities in the Adoption of Energy Efficient Technologies by Low-Income Households	38
Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls	37
Using Models to Persuade	37
Field Experiments and the Practice of Policy	36
Tax Administration versus Tax Rates: Evidence from Corporate Taxation in Indonesia	36
Market Fragmentation	36
Does Information Break the Political Resource Curse? Experimental Evidence from Mozambique	34
Employment Structure and the Rise of the Modern Tax System	34
Estimating Spillovers from Publicly Funded R&D: Evidence from the US Department of Energy	34
Job Displacement Insurance and (the Lack of) Consumption-Smoothing	33
Subsidy Policies and Insurance Demand	33
Digitization and Pre-Purchase Information: The Causal and Welfare Impacts of Reviews and Crowd Ratings	33
What Motivates Paternalism? An Experimental Study	32
Persistent Overconfidence and Biased Memory: Evidence from Managers	32
The Role of Behavioral Frictions in Health Insurance Marketplace Enrollment and Risk: Evidence from a Field Experiment	31
Missing Events in Event Studies: Identifying the Effects of Partially Measured News Surprises	31
Inattention and Switching Costs as Sources of Inertia in Medicare Part D	31
Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency	31
The End of Economic Growth? Unintended Consequences of a Declining Population	31
Who Set Your Wage?	31
The Welfare Effects of Peer Entry: The Case of Airbnb and the Accommodation Industry	30
Efficiency and Equity Impacts of Energy Subsidies	30
Intertemporal Labor Supply Substitution? Evidence from the Swiss Income Tax Holidays	30
Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Employment and Pay Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil	30
Understanding the Scarring Effect of Recessions	30
Impacts of Performance Pay for Hospitals: The Readmissions Reduction Program	29
A Theory of Chosen Preferences	29
The Economic Effects of Mafia: Firm Level Evidence	29
Conflict and Intergroup Trade: Evidence from the 2014 Russia-Ukraine Crisis	29
Local Elites as State Capacity: How City Chiefs Use Local Information to Increase Tax Compliance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo	29
The Voice of Monetary Policy	29
The Selection of Talent: Experimental and Structural Evidence from Ethiopia	29
An Equilibrium Model of the International Price System	28
Interaction, Stereotypes, and Performance: Evidence from South Africa	28
Turnover Liquidity and the Transmission of Monetary Policy	28
Digital Dystopia	28
Community Colleges and Upward Mobility	28
Leadership in Social Movements: Evidence from the “Forty-Eighters” in the Civil War	28
State-Dependent Effects of Monetary Policy: The Refinancing Channel	28
Measuring the Welfare Effects of Shame and Pride	28
The Intergenerational Effects of a Large Wealth Shock: White Southerners after the Civil War	28
Estimating Social Preferences and Gift Exchange at Work	28
When Choices Are Mistakes	27

The Challenges of Universal Health Insurance in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia’s National Health Insurance	27
Parental Resources and College Attendance: Evidence from Lottery Wins	27
The Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China	27
The Impacts of a Multifaceted Prenatal Intervention on Human Capital Accumulation in Early Life	26
Wetlands, Flooding, and the Clean Water Act	26
Self-Persuasion: Evidence from Field Experiments at International Debating Competitions	26
The Financial Transmission of Housing Booms: Evidence from Spain	26
The Old Boys’ Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap	25
Rank Uncertainty in Organizations	25
Offshore Profit Shifting and Aggregate Measurement: Balance of Payments, Foreign Investment, Productivity, and the Labor Share	25
Politically Feasible Reforms of Nonlinear Tax Systems	25
Consumption Response to Credit Expansions: Evidence from Experimental Assignment of 45,307 Credit Lines	25
Reference Dependence in the Housing Market	25
Lapse-Based Insurance	24
Revealed Preferences over Risk and Uncertainty	24
Concentration Thresholds for Horizontal Mergers	24
Selling Consumer Data for Profit: Optimal ­Market-Segmentation Design and Its Consequences	24
Measuring Racial Discrimination in Bail Decisions	23
Acquiring Information through Peers	23
Judging Judge Fixed Effects	23
Geographic Dispersion of Economic Shocks: Evidence from the Fracking Revolution: Comment	22
What Caused Racial Disparities in Particulate Exposure to Fall? New Evidence from the Clean Air Act and Satellite-Based Measures of Air Quality	22
Hospital Network Competition and Adverse Selection: Evidence from the Massachusetts Health Insurance Exchange	22
Effective Demand Failures and the Limits of Monetary Stabilization Policy	22
Consumer Information and the Limits to Competition	21
Oligopolistic Price Leadership and Mergers: The United States Beer Industry	21
Stability and Bayesian Consistency in Two-Sided Markets	21
Discrete Choice under Risk with Limited Consideration	21
Voter Turnout with Peer Punishment	21
Field Experiments and the Practice of Economics	21
The Long and Short (Run) of Trade Elasticities	21
The Value of Working Conditions in the United States and Implications for the Structure of Wages	21
Discounts and Deadlines in Consumer Search	20
The Economic Consequences of Bankruptcy Reform	20
Incentivized Kidney Exchange	20
Targeting High Ability Entrepreneurs Using Community Information: Mechanism Design in the Field	20
Product Innovation, Product Diversification, and Firm Growth: Evidence from Japan’s Early Industrialization	19
Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools	19
Job Search and Hiring with Limited Information about Workseekers’ Skills	19
The Reach of Radio: Ending Civil Conflict through Rebel Demobilization	19
Sentiment and Speculation in a Market with Heterogeneous Beliefs	19
Earnings Inequality and the Minimum Wage: Evidence from Brazil	19
Misspecified Politics and the Recurrence of Populism	18
Ultimatum Bargaining with Rational Inattention	18
The Costs of Job Displacement over the Business Cycle and Its Sources: Evidence from Germany	18
Does Context Outweigh Individual Characteristics in Driving Voting Behavior? Evidence from Relocations within the United States	18
From Mad Men to Maths Men: Concentration and Buyer Power in Online Advertising	18
Targeting In-Kind Transfers through Market Design: A Revealed Preference Analysis of Public Housing Allocation	18
Mistakes, Overconfidence, and the Effect of Sharing on Detecting Lies	18
The Psychosocial Value of Employment: Evidence from a Refugee Camp	17
Fictional Money, Real Costs: Impacts of Financial Salience on Disadvantaged Students	17
Lumpy Investment, Business Cycles, and Stimulus Policy	17
Learning under Diverse World Views: Model-Based Inference	17
How Do National Firms Respond to Local Cost Shocks?	17
The Efficiency of Race-Neutral Alternatives to Race-Based Affirmative Action: Evidence from Chicago’s Exam Schools	17
RETRACTED BY THE AUTHORS: Dividend Taxes and the Allocation of Capital	17
Technological Change and the Consequences of Job Loss	16
Cross-Region Transfer Multipliers in a Monetary Union: Evidence from Social Security and Stimulus Payments	16
Risk-Based Selection in Unemployment Insurance: Evidence and Implications	16
Is the Cure Worse than the Disease? Unintended Effects of Payment Reform in a Quantity-Based Transfer Program	16
The Reversal Interest Rate	16
Why Special Economic Zones? Using Trade Policy to Discriminate across Importers	15
Identifying Present Bias from the Timing of Choices	15
Market Entry, Fighting Brands, and Tacit Collusion: Evidence from the French Mobile Telecommunications Market	15
The Human Side of Structural Transformation	15
Aggregating Distributional Treatment Effects: A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of the Microcredit Literature	15
Persuasion through Slanted Language: Evidence from the Media Coverage of Immigration	15
Neighborhood-Based Information Costs	15
Job Matching under Constraints	15
Security Transitions	15
Information Networks and Collective Action: Evidence from the Women’s Temperance Crusade	15
Dynamic Matching in Overloaded Waiting Lists	15
Capital Gains Taxes and Real Corporate Investment: Evidence from Korea	15
Populist Leaders and the Economy	15
Experimental Cost of Information	14
Dynamic Oligopoly and Price Stickiness	14
Design-Based Research in Empirical Microeconomics	14
Human Capital Depreciation and Returns to Experience	14
How Merchant Towns Shaped Parliaments: From the Norman Conquest of England to the Great Reform Act	14
Rebel on the Canal: Disrupted Trade Access and Social Conflict in China, 1650–1911	14
The Cost of Information: The Case of Constant Marginal Costs	14
Labor Rationing	14
Market Access and Quality Upgrading: Evidence from Four Field Experiments	14
When Should There Be Vertical Choice in Health Insurance Markets?	13
Productivity Shocks, Long-Term Contracts, and Earnings Dynamics	13
An Estimated Structural Model of Entrepreneurial Behavior	13
Vulnerability and Clientelism	13
The Distributional Consequences of Public School Choice	13
Optimality of Matched-Pair Designs in Randomized Controlled Trials	13
Factor Market Failures and the Adoption of Irrigation in Rwanda	12
The Birth of a Nation:Media and Racial Hate	12
Globalization and Pandemics	12
Jobs for Sale: Corruption and Misallocation in Hiring	12
Relational Contracting, Negotiation, and External Enforcement	12
Enabling or Limiting Cognitive Flexibility? Evidence of Demand for Moral Commitment	12