Desalination

Article	Citations
Energy for desalination: A state-of-the-art review	246
The global status of desalination: An assessment of current desalination technologies, plants and capacity	237
Forward osmosis membranes and processes: A comprehensive review of research trends and future outlook	194
Engineering antifouling reverse osmosis membranes: A review	193
Semiconductor photothermal materials enabling efficient solar steam generation toward desalination and wastewater treatment	183
Versatile applications of capacitive deionization (CDI)-based technologies	177
A review of membrane wettability for the treatment of saline water deploying membrane distillation	174
Seawater desalination technology and engineering in China: A review	165
A renewable energy-driven thermoelectric-utilized solar still with external condenser loaded by silver/nanofluid for simultaneously water disinfection and desalination	164
State-of-the-art of renewable energy sources used in water desalination: Present and future prospects	164
New hydrogel materials for improving solar water evaporation, desalination and wastewater treatment: A review	143
Emerging desalination technologies: Current status, challenges and future trends	134
Polymeric membranes for desalination using membrane distillation: A review	132
Hybrid technologies: The future of energy efficient desalination – A review	131
Recent advances in high-performance TFC membranes: A review of the functional interlayers	130
Tannic acid assisted interfacial polymerization based loose thin-film composite NF membrane for dye/salt separation	127
First approach on nanofluid-based solar still in high altitude for water desalination and solar water disinfection (SODIS)	124
Solar-driven interfacial desalination for simultaneous freshwater and salt generation	122
Recent developments in forward osmosis membranes using carbon-based nanomaterials	119
Novel solar membrane distillation enabled by a PDMS/CNT/PVDF membrane with localized heating	116
Fouling mitigation in forward osmosis and membrane distillation for desalination	111
Review on treatment technology of salt wastewater in coal chemical industry of China	107
Alternative heating techniques in membrane distillation: A review	107
Potentially scalable fabrication of salt-rejection evaporator based on electrogenerated polypyrrole-coated nickel foam for efficient solar steam generation	104
A review on photothermal material and its usage in the development of photothermal membrane for sustainable clean water production	102

Nickel hexacyanoferrate electrodes for high mono/divalent ion-selectivity in capacitive deionization	101
Current advances in membrane technologies for produced water desalination	101
Membrane technology: A versatile tool for saline wastewater treatment and resource recovery	101
Can emerging membrane-based desalination technologies replace reverse osmosis?	101
Recent development of graphene oxide based forward osmosis membrane for water treatment: A critical review	97
Fe3O4/polyvinyl alcohol decorated delignified wood evaporator for continuous solar steam generation	96
A review on lithium recovery using electrochemical capturing systems	96
Current advances in membrane technologies for saline wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review	92
Water desalination using nanocelluloses/cellulose derivatives based membranes for sustainable future	91
Cost of fouling in full-scale reverse osmosis and nanofiltration installations in the Netherlands	91
Lithium recovery from brine: Recent developments and challenges	90
Superhydrophobic MXene based fabric composite for high efficiency solar desalination	90
How to fabricate a negatively charged NF membrane for heavy metal removal via the interfacial polymerization between PIP and TMC?	88
Overcoming salt crystallization with ionic hydrogel for accelerating solar evaporation	87
Understanding the fouling/scaling resistance of superhydrophobic/omniphobic membranes in membrane distillation	87
“Bridge” graphene oxide modified positive charged nanofiltration thin membrane with high efficiency for Mg2+/Li+ separation	85
Enhancement of pyramid solar distiller performance using reflectors, cooling cycle, and dangled cords of wicks	81
Improved performance of thin-film nanofiltration membranes fabricated with the intervention of surfactants having different structures for water treatment	81
Robust stable MoS2/GO filtration membrane for effective removal of dyes and salts from water with enhanced permeability	81
Enhancing tubular solar still performance using novel PCM-tubes	78
Lithium extraction from high Mg/Li brine via electrochemical intercalation/de-intercalation system using LiMn2O4 materials	78
Recent advances in nanomaterial development for lithium ion-sieving technologies	77
Ag2CO3@UiO-66-NH2 embedding graphene oxide sheets photocatalytic membrane for enhancing the removal performance of Cr(VI) and dyes based on filtration	77
Li+ adsorption performance and mechanism using lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides in low grade brines	77
Ultrafast ionic and molecular sieving through graphene oxide based composite membranes	75
A review on free-standing electrodes for energy-effective desalination: Recent advances and perspectives in capacitive deionization	75
Developments and future prospects of reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient power generation: Influence of ion exchange membranes and electrodes	75
Membrane desalination and water re-use for agriculture: State of the art and future outlook	75
Multistage electrodialysis for desalination of natural seawater	74
Scalable, flexible and reusable graphene oxide-functionalized electrospun nanofibrous membrane for solar photothermal desalination	72
Insights into metal-organic frameworks-integrated membranes for desalination process: A review	71
Microbial desalination cell: Desalination through conserving energy	71
Drivers, challenges, and emerging technologies for desalination of high-salinity brines: A critical review	71
Ultra-durable and highly-efficient hybrid capacitive deionization by MXene confined MoS2 heterostructure	70
Comprehensive review of membrane design and synthesis for membrane distillation	69
Fabrication of thin-film composite polyamide nanofiltration membrane based on polyphenol intermediate layer with enhanced desalination performance	68
Lithium extraction from brine in an ionic selective desalination battery	68
Modeling of forward osmosis process using artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the permeate flux	67
Recovery of precious metals from industrial wastewater towards resource recovery and environmental sustainability: A critical review	67
Enhanced solar desalination by delignified wood coated with bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles	67
Surface modification of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes with polyvinyl alcohol–graphene oxide composite hydrogels for antifouling properties	66
A self-floating, salt-resistant 3D Janus radish-based evaporator for highly efficient solar desalination	65
Engineering hierarchically structured superhydrophobic PTFE/POSS nanofibrous membranes for membrane distillation	65
Tailoring polypyrrole-based Janus aerogel for efficient and stable solar steam generation	65
Capacitive deionization with MoS2/g-C3N4 electrodes	65
A review on the synthesis of fully aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes	65
Improving the feasibility and applicability of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Review of process optimization and energy efficiency	65
Energy consumption in membrane capacitive deionization and comparison with reverse osmosis	64
Performances of novel chelating ion exchange resins for boron and arsenic removal from saline geothermal water using adsorption-membrane filtration hybrid process	64
Metal-polyphenol dual crosslinked graphene oxide membrane for desalination of textile wastewater	64

Active solar distillation technology: A wide overview	63
Performance improvement of double slope solar still via combinations of low cost materials integrated with glass cooling	63
Optimization of a biomass-driven Rankine cycle integrated with multi-effect desalination, and solid oxide electrolyzer for power, hydrogen, and freshwater production	63
Chinese ink enabled wood evaporator for continuous water desalination	62
An overview of water desalination systems integrated with renewable energy sources	62
Coconut shell derived activated biochar–manganese dioxide nanocomposites for high performance capacitive deionization	61
Ferroferric oxide@titanium carbide MXene heterostructure with enhanced sodium storage ability for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization	61
A systematic review and statistical analysis of nutrient recovery from municipal wastewater by electrodialysis	61
A zero liquid discharge system integrating multi-effect distillation and evaporative crystallization for desalination brine treatment	61
MoS2@sponge with double layer structure for high-efficiency solar desalination	61
Influence of graphene oxide lateral size on the properties and performances of forward osmosis membrane	59
Novel two-chamber tubular microbial desalination cell for bioelectricity production, wastewater treatment and desalination with a focus on self-generated pH control	59
Scalable, self-cleaning and self-floating bi-layered bacterial cellulose biofoam for efficient solar evaporator with photocatalytic purification	59
A review of recent advances in humidification and dehumidification desalination technologies using solar energy	59
Superhydrophilic carbon nanofiber membrane with a hierarchically macro/meso porous structure for high performance solar steam generators	57
Current status and challenges of fabricating thin film composite forward osmosis membrane: A comprehensive roadmap	57
Unprecedented Mg2+/Li+ separation using layer-by-layer based nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes	57
Biomass eggplant-derived photothermal aerogels with Janus wettability for cost-effective seawater desalination	57
Fractional modeling for enhancing the thermal performance of conventional solar still using hybrid nanofluid: Energy and exergy analysis	57
Exploring the electrosorption selectivity of nitrate over chloride in capacitive deionization (CDI) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI)	57
Multi-effect distillation brine treatment by membrane distillation: Effect of antiscalant and antifoaming agents on membrane performance and scaling control	57
Predictive modelling for solar power-driven hybrid desalination system using artificial neural network regression with Adam optimization	57
An integrated membrane process for preparation of lithium hydroxide from high Mg/Li ratio salt lake brine	56
Experimental investigation of the effects of low-temperature phase change material on single-slope solar still	56
Retrofitting a thermoelectric-based solar still integrated with an evacuated tube collector utilizing an antibacterial-magnetic hybrid nanofluid	55
Surface modification of reverse osmosis membranes by grafting of polyamidoamine dendrimer containing graphene oxide nanosheets for desalination improvement	55
Polyacid doping-enabled efficient solar evaporation of polypyrrole hydrogel	55
Simultaneous treatment of reject brine and capture of carbon dioxide: A comprehensive review	55
Significant roles of substrate properties in forward osmosis membrane performance: A review	55
Electrochemical lithium recovery from brine with high Mg2+/Li+ ratio using mesoporous λ-MnO2/LiMn2O4 modified 3D graphite felt electrodes	55
Plasmonic silver nanoparticles embedded in flexible three-dimensional carbonized melamine foam with enhanced solar-driven water evaporation	55
Improved performance and long-term stability of activated carbon doped with nitrogen for capacitive deionization	54
Energy, exergy, economic, exergoenvironmental, and environmental analyses of a multigeneration system to produce electricity, cooling, potable water, hydrogen and sodium-hypochlorite	54
Polymer ion-exchange membranes for capacitive deionization of aqueous media with low and high salt concentration	53
A comprehensive review of MXene-based water-treatment membranes and technologies: Recent progress and perspectives	53
Thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced desalination and antifouling performance via incorporating L-aspartic acid functionalized graphene quantum dots	53
In-situ silica nanoparticle assembly technique to develop an omniphobic membrane for durable membrane distillation	52
Performance and cost analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT)-compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collector integrated solar still using CNT-water based nanofluids	52
Fabrication of amidoximated polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membrane by simultaneously biaxial stretching for uranium extraction from seawater	52
Salinity gradient energy generation by pressure retarded osmosis: A review	52
Membrane filtration performance enhancement and biofouling mitigation using symmetric spacers with helical filaments	52
Pressure and osmotically driven membrane processes: A review of the benefits and production of nano-enhanced membranes for desalination	52
Novel multifunctional RbxWO3@Fe3O4 immobilized Janus membranes for desalination and synergic-photocatalytic water purification	52
Recent advances in membrane-enabled water desalination by 2D frameworks: Graphene and beyond	51
Designed strategies of nanofiltration technology for Mg2+/Li+ separation from salt-lake brine: A comprehensive review	51
Impact of salty water medium and condenser on the performance of single acting solar still incorporated with parabolic trough collector	51
Hydrate based desalination for sustainable water treatment: A review	51
High performance Mg2+/Li+ separation membranes modified by a bis-quaternary ammonium salt	51
Lithium extraction from synthetic brine with high Mg2+/Li+ ratio using the polymer inclusion membrane	50
Application of heterogeneous ion exchange membranes for simultaneous separation and recovery of lithium and boron from aqueous solution with bipolar membrane electrodialysis (EDBM)	50
Understanding the effect of hydroxyl/epoxy group on water desalination through lamellar graphene oxide membranes via molecular dynamics simulation	49
Improving chlorine resistance and separation performance of thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes with in-situ grafted melamine	49
Feasibility analysis and optimization of an energy-water-heat nexus supplied by an autonomous hybrid renewable power generation system: An empirical study on airport facilities	49
Graphene oxide‑sodium alginate membrane for seawater desalination through pervaporation	49
Nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes: State of play and recent advances	48
Low-cost and reusable carbon black based solar evaporator for effective water desalination	48
Reliability of thermal desalination (solar stills) for water/wastewater treatment in light of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2”) pandemic: What should consider?	48
Incorporation of lysine-modified UiO-66 for the construction of thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced water flux and salt selectivity	47
A comprehensive review on performance improvement of solar desalination with applications of heat pipes	47
Environmental impact of desalination: A systematic review of Life Cycle Assessment	46
Sea-water desalination using a desalting unit integrated with a parabolic trough collector and activated carbon pellets as energy storage medium	46
Desalination of high salinity brackish water by an NF-RO hybrid system	46
Advances in nanocomposite and nanostructured chitosan membrane adsorbents for environmental remediation: A review	46
Removal of calcium and magnesium from lithium concentrated solution by solvent extraction method using D2EHPA	46
Silver-polyamidoamine/graphene oxide thin film nanofiltration membrane with improved antifouling and antibacterial properties for water purification and desalination	46
Utilization of renewable energy sources in desalination of geothermal water for agriculture	46
Performance and mechanism of a composite scaling–corrosion inhibitor used in seawater: 10-Methylacridinium iodide and sodium citrate	46
Fouling investigation of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination (SWRO) plant on the Red Sea: Membrane autopsy and pretreatment efficiency	46
Selective separation of lithium from high Mg/Li ratio brine using single-stage and multi-stage selective electrodialysis processes	46
Simultaneous solar-driven seawater desalination and spontaneous power generation using polyvalent crosslinked polypyrrole/alginate hydrogels	45
Hybrid biochar supported transition metal doped MnO2 composites: Efficient contenders for lithium adsorption and recovery from aqueous solutions	45
In situ generation of carbonized polyaniline nanowires on thermally-treated and electrochemically-etched carbon fiber cloth for high efficient solar seawater desalination	45
Recyclable and efficient ocean biomass-derived hydrogel photothermal evaporator for thermally-localized solar desalination	45
Techno-economic assessment of solar energy coupling with large-scale desalination plant: The case of Morocco	45
Experimental investigation of a solar-heated direct contact membrane distillation system using evacuated tube collectors	45
Well-dispersed few-layered MoS2 connected with robust 3D conductive architecture for rapid capacitive deionization process and its specific ion selectivity	45
High performance nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes with polydopamine-modified cellulose nanocrystals for efficient dye/salt separation	45
Self-supporting porous carbon nanofibers with opposite surface charges for high-performance inverted capacitive deionization	45
Thermo-economic analysis and optimization of a vacuum multi-effect membrane distillation system	44
GO/PVA-integrated TFN RO membrane: Exploring the effect of orientation switching between PA and GO/PVA and evaluating the GO loading impact	44

Mn2O3 nanoflower decorated electrospun carbon nanofibers for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization	44
Enhancement of nitrate removal and recovery from municipal wastewater through single- and multi-batch electrodialysis: Process optimisation and energy consumption	44
Solar absorber with tunable porosity to control the water supply velocity to accelerate water evaporation	44
Performance enhancement of stepped basin solar still based on OSELM with traversal tree for higher energy adaptive control	44
Novel reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with Co-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with enhanced performance for brackish water desalination	44
Carbon quantum dots embedded polysulfone membranes for antibacterial performance in the process of forward osmosis	44
Sustainable seawater desalination: Current status, environmental implications and future expectations	44
A novel cycle for adsorption desalination system with two stages-ejector for higher water production and efficiency	44
Techno-economic assessment of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine treatment with air gap membrane distillation (AGMD)	43
Durable, scalable and affordable iron (III) based coconut husk photothermal material for highly efficient solar steam generation	43
Hydrophilic/hydrophobic Janus membranes with a dual-function surface coating for rapid and robust membrane distillation desalination	43
Photothermal converting polypyrrole/polyurethane composite foams for effective solar desalination	43
Effect of chemistry and geometry of GO nanochannels on the Li ion selectivity and recovery	43
Positively charged nanofiltration membranes mediated by a facile polyethyleneimine-Noria interlayer deposition strategy	43
Chemically functionalized polyamide thin film composite membranes: The art of chemistry	43
Simulations of BWRO systems under different feedwater characteristics. Analysis of operation windows and optimal operating points	43
A review on PCM and nanofluid for various productivity enhancement methods for double slope solar still: Future challenge and current water issues	43
Fabrication of defect-free thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis desalination	42
Towards enhanced antifouling and flux performances of thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane via constructing a sandwich-like carbon nanotubes-coated support	42
Experimental parametric investigation of waste heat powered humidification dehumidification system for production of freshwater from wastewater	42
Environmental sustainability and ions removal through electrodialysis desalination: Operating conditions and process parameters	42
A comprehensive review of the feasibility of pressure retarded osmosis: Recent technological advances and industrial efforts towards commercialization	42
Graphite powder mixed with black paint on the absorber plate of the solar still to enhance yield: An experimental investigation	42
High-performance desalination of three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon framework reinforced Prussian blue in capacitive deionization	42
Combined electrocoagulation-microfiltration-membrane distillation for treatment of hydraulic fracturing produced water	41
Optimal design of energy sources and reverse osmosis desalination plant with demand side management for cost-effective freshwater production	41
Performance of steam ejector with nonequilibrium condensation for multi-effect distillation with thermal vapour compression (MED-TVC) seawater desalination system	41
Application of membrane distillation for the treatment of oil field produced water	41
Development of an off-grid solar energy powered reverse osmosis desalination system for continuous production of freshwater with integrated photovoltaic thermal (PVT) cooling	41
Multi-objective metaheuristic optimization of combined flash-binary geothermal and humidification dehumidification desalination systems	41
Worldwide research trends on desalination	41
Long-term intermittent operation of a full-scale BWRO desalination plant	41
A polyamide membrane with tubular crumples incorporating carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes for high water flux	40
Sustainable recovery of high-saline papermaking wastewater: Optimized separation for salts and organics via membrane-hybrid process	40
Fouling characteristics of dissolved organic matter in fresh water and seawater compartments of reverse electrodialysis under natural water conditions	40
Selective removal of heavy metals from saline water by nanofiltration	40
Three-dimensional hierarchical Na3Fe2(PO4)3/C with superior and fast sodium uptake for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization	40
Robust seawater desalination and sewage purification enabled by the solar-thermal conversion of the Janus-type graphene oxide evaporator	40
Pilot-scale membrane capacitive deionisation for effective bromide removal and high water recovery in seawater desalination	40
Electrospun membranes for membrane distillation: The state of play and recent advances	40
TiO2/CDs modified thin-film nanocomposite polyamide membrane for simultaneous enhancement of antifouling and chlorine-resistance performance	40
Effect of residual commercial antiscalants on gypsum scaling and membrane wetting during direct contact membrane distillation	39
Water desalination and ion removal using mixed matrix electrospun nanofibrous membranes: A critical review	39
Chemical grafting N-GOQD of polyamide reverse osmosis membrane with improved chlorine resistance, water flux and NaCl rejection	39
Facile fabrication of low-cost starch-based biohydrogel evaporator for efficient solar steam generation	39
Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic PH-CNT membrane for emulsified oil-water separation	39
Flexible 2D@3D Janus evaporators for high-performance and continuous solar desalination	39
PVDF/MAF-4 composite membrane for high flux and scaling-resistant membrane distillation	39
A review of nanofiber membranes for solar interface evaporation	38
Morphological effect of ZnO nanostructures on desalination performance and antibacterial activity of thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane	38
Ionic shortcut currents via manifolds in reverse electrodialysis stacks	38
Flow-electrode capacitive deionization enables continuous and energy-efficient brine concentration	38
An optimization framework for the design of reverse osmosis desalination plants under food-energy-water nexus considerations	37
Metal-based adsorbents for lithium recovery from aqueous resources	37
MoS2 nanoflakes-coated electrospun carbon nanofibers for “rocking-chair” capacitive deionization	37
Using the potential of energy losses in gas pressure reduction stations for producing power and fresh water	37
Li4Mn5O12 doped cellulose acetate membrane with low Mn loss and high stability for enhancing lithium extraction from seawater	37
Forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis process modeling for integration with seawater reverse osmosis desalination	37
The role of adsorption in microalgae biological desalination: Salt removal from brackish water using Scenedesmus obliquus	37
Development of a novel multi-scale structured superhydrophobic nanofiber membrane with enhanced thermal efficiency and high flux for membrane distillation	37
Towards the development of new generation of ion exchange membranes for reverse electrodialysis: A review	37
Nanoscale polyelectrolyte/metal ion hydrogel modified RO membrane with dual anti-fouling mechanism and superhigh transport property	36
Pathways for minimal and zero liquid discharge with enhanced reverse osmosis technologies: Module-scale modeling and techno-economic assessment	36
Sustainable brine management from the perspectives of water, energy and mineral recovery: A comprehensive review	36
Performance evaluation of a modified pyramid solar still employing wick, reflectors, glass cooling and TiO2 nanomaterial	36
Carbonized sugarcane as interfacial photothermal evaporator for vapor generation	36
Superhydrophobic polymer membrane coated by mineralized β-FeOOH nanorods for direct contact membrane distillation	36
Recent progress on key materials and technical approaches for electrochemical lithium extraction processes	36
Performance assessment of waste heat/solar driven membrane-based simultaneous desalination and liquid desiccant regeneration system using a thermal model and KNN machine learning tool	36
Development of artificial neural networks for performance prediction of a heat pump assisted humidification-dehumidification desalination system	36
Recent advances in lithium extraction from salt lake brine using coupled and tandem technologies	36
Polypropylene non-woven supported calcium alginate hydrogel filtration membrane for efficient separation of dye/salt at low salt concentration	35
Evaluation of anti-bacterial adhesion performance of polydopamine cross-linked graphene oxide RO membrane via in situ optical coherence tomography	35
Fabrication of graphene oxide/polydopamine adsorptive membrane by stepwise in-situ growth for removal of rhodamine B from water	35
A comprehensive study on the effects of operation variables on reverse electrodialysis performance	35
3D printing for membrane desalination: Challenges and future prospects	35
Functionalized biochar electrodes for asymmetrical capacitive deionization	35
Water desalination with nickel hexacyanoferrate electrodes in capacitive deionization: Experiment, model and comparison with carbon	35
Custom-tailoring metal-organic framework in thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced internal polarity and amplified surface crosslinking for elevated separation property	35
Vertically symmetrical evaporator based on photothermal fabrics for efficient continuous desalination through inversion strategy	35
Feasibility study of reverse osmosis–flow capacitive deionization (RO-FCDI) for energy-efficient desalination using seawater as the flow-electrode aqueous electrolyte	35
A critical review on electrospun membranes containing 2D materials for seawater desalination	34
Thin-film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with citrate-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for brackish water desalination and boron removal	34
Water vapor capture using microporous ceramic membrane	34
Novel membrane-free hybrid capacitive deionization with a radical polymer anode for stable desalination	34
Reverse electrodialysis for power generation using seawater/municipal wastewater: Effect of coagulation pretreatment	34
Flexible CuO-rGO/ PANI thermal absorber with high broadband photoresponse and salt resistance for efficient desalination of oil-contaminated seawater	34
Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) nanofibrous membranes with unique properties for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process	34
Improved performance of thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane with click modified polysulfone substrate	34
Investigation of fine activated carbon as a viable flow electrode in capacitive deionization	34
Techno-economic feasibility of solar based desalination through reverse osmosis	34
Highly efficient and long-term stable solar-driven water purification through a rechargeable hydrogel evaporator	34
Augmented performance of solar desalination unit by utilization of nano-silicon coated glass cover for promoting drop-wise condensation	34
The polymeric conformational effect on capacitive deionization performance of graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite electrode	34
Surface modification of reverse osmosis membrane with tannic acid for improving chlorine resistance	34