Earth-Science Reviews

Article	Citations
Tectonic imprints in Permian paleomagnetic data of Morocco	345
Magnetostratigraphic dating of earliest hominin sites in Europe	261
Lower Palaeozoic-Paleogene geological development of a deep-water rift (Güzelsu Corridor) along the northern continental margin of the Southern Neotethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Evidence	256
Fringed Patagonian tableland: One of Earth's largest and oldest landslide terrains	256
Nitrogen cycling during the Mesoproterozoic as informed by the 1400 million year old Xiamaling Formation	251
Grain size from source to sink – modern and ancient fining rates	236
A review of Paleozoic phytoplankton biodiversity: Driver for major evolutionary events?	230
Remote sensing algorithms for particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and the global cycle of PIC	223
Research status and prospects of CO2 geological sequestration technology from onshore to offshore: A review	220
Paleoproterozoic accretion and assembly of the Western Block of North China: A new model	201
Representing the role of soil moisture on erosion resistance in sediment models: Challenges and opportunities	165
Lithospheric weakspots, not hotspots: New England-Quebec and Shenandoah anorogenic magmatism in the context of global plate tectonics, intraplate stress and LIPs	159
Sardinia and the Alpine cycle: A tectono-sedimentary history at the Western Tethys edge	146
Comment on the paper by Barreca et al.: “The Strait of Messina: Seismotectonics and the source of the 1908 earthquake” [Earth-Science Reviews 218, 2021, 103685]	140
Geotectonic settings of Variscan explosive volcanism in the light of Famennian tuffites provenance from southern Poland	135
Cycles of ∼32.5 My and ∼26.2 My in correlated episodes of continental flood basalts (CFBs), hyper-thermal climate pulses, anoxic oceans, and mass extinctions over the last 260 My: Connections between	126
Plate tectonic modelling and the energy transition	122
Thermally driven organic-inorganic interactions in sedimentary basins: A review from source rocks to reservoirs	122
Geologic, geomorphic, tectonic, and paleoclimatic controls on the distribution and preservation of Chicxulub distal ejecta: A global perspective	122
Mechanics of methane bubbles in consolidated aquatic muds	113
Moraine-dammed glacial lakes and threat of glacial debris flows in South-East Kazakhstan	112
Review of sediment connectivity: Conceptual connotations, characterization indicators, and their relationships with soil erosion and sediment yield	107
CO2 sequestration in geological formations: Insights into mineral reactions and reservoir dynamics	107
Early–middle Permian ecosystems of equatorial Pangaea: Integrated multi-stratigraphic and palaeontological review of the Permian of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean)	104
Long-period astronomical forcing of climatic and biological evolution during the late Paleozoic icehouse-to-greenhouse transition	100

A review of new detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the Mogok area of Myanmar: Implications for the stratigraphy and early tectonic evolution of the Mogok Metamorphic Belt (MMB)	96
A systematic review of predictor screening methods for downscaling of numerical climate models	96
Valley incision chronologies from alluvium-filled cave systems	95
The Samail subduction zone dilemma: Geochronology of high-pressure rocks from the Saih Hatat window, Oman, reveals juxtaposition of two subduction zones with contrasting thermal histories	93
Contrasting characteristics, changes, and linkages of permafrost between the Arctic and the Third Pole	93
New Maps of Global Geological Provinces and Tectonic Plates	89
Influence of continental rifting on sedimentation and its provenance and geodynamic implications: An example from late Paleoproterozoic Chandil Formation, eastern India	87
Bayesian back analysis of unsaturated hydraulic parameters for rainfall-induced slope failure: A review	87
Comment on “Early Archean biogeochemical iron cycling and nutrient availability: New insights from a 3.5 Ga land-sea transition” by Clark M. Johnson, Xin-Yuan Zheng, Tara Djokic, Martin J. Van Kranend	87
The DC and AC global electric circuits and climate	86
Evolution mechanisms, impacts, and variations of the vortices originated from the Tibetan Plateau	86
Early paleozoic tectonics and paleogeography of the Eastern Arctic and Siberia: Review of paleomagnetic and geologic data for the De Long Islands	85
Dynamics of Tethyan marine de‑oxygenation and relationship to S-N-P cycles during the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis	85
Research progress and current application of weak turbulence and turbulence intermittency in stable boundary layers	84
Secular variability of the thermal regimes of continental flood basalts in large igneous provinces since the Late Paleozoic: Implications for the supercontinent cycle	84
The Egéré Paleo-Mesoproterozoic rifted passive margin of the LATEA metacraton (Central Hoggar, Tuareg Shield, Algeria) subducted and exhumed during the Pan-African orogeny: U-Pb zircon ages, P-T-t pat	83
Source-to-sink reconstruction of early Paleozoic Western Gondwana mega-scale alluvial systems	82
Evolution of the Zagros sector of Neo-Tethys: Tectonic and magmatic events that shaped its rifting, seafloor spreading and subduction history	81
Nitrogen contamination and bioremediation in groundwater and the environment: A review	79
A continental review of Australia's Cenozoic megafans and associated large accretionary fluvial systems	78
Multistage plate subduction controls intraplate volcanism and cratonic lithospheric thinning in Northeast Asia	77
Antarctic mineral resources: Looking to the future of the Environmental Protocol	74
Triassic terrestrial tetrapod faunas of the Central European Basin, their stratigraphical distribution, and their palaeoenvironments	74
Detecting the impact of climate change on alpine mass movements in observational records from the European Alps	73
Incorporating cross-scale insights into colloid-facilitated radionuclide transport in fractured rocks: A critical review	72
The End-Devonian Hangenberg Event and its aftermath in South China: Stratigraphic and sedimentary records from shallow to deep water facies	71
What water color parameters could be mapped using MODIS land reflectance products: A global evaluation over coastal and inland waters	70
Sulfuric acid caves of the world: A review	68
Quantitative paleogeographical reconstructions and basin evolution of South China during the Ordovician	65
Neoarchean SSZ and MOR ultra-/high-pressure ophiolitic mélanges of the Eastern Hebei Complex, North China Craton: Dynamics of an Archean paleo-subduction zone	64
Clay minerals on Mars: An up-to-date review with future perspectives	63
Antarctica ice sheet basal melting enhanced by high mantle heat	63
Subduction initiation as recorded in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc	63
Quantification and uncertainty of global upland soil methane sinks: Processes, controls, model limitations, and improvements	62
Nature of the northern Indian plate margin during the assembly of supercontinent Columbia: was it a part of a double subduction?	61
Ultramafic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: an overlooked sub-class of VMS deposit forming in complex tectonic environments	61
Metallogeny of Late Paleozoic lode gold mineralization of western Tien Shan: From orogenic shortening to intracontinental strike-slip shearing	61
Formation mechanism and geophysical properties of fracture-filling gas hydrate in the host sediments: A comprehensive review	61
Editorial Board	60
Massive Jurassic slab break-off revealed by a multidisciplinary reappraisal of the Chon Aike silicic large igneous province	59
The geomorphology of monoclinal scarps associated with interstratal-dissolution fronts in evaporite formations, illustrated with the Upper Jurassic Arab and Hith formations in Ar Riyadh and Central Sa	59
Neoarchean lavas of the Ventersdorp Large Igneous Province, South Africa: Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic and trace element evidence for a long-lived plume beneath a stationary African continent	58
Asian summer monsoon variability, global teleconnections, and dynamics during the last 1,000 years	57
Production and significance of Reactive Oxygen Species in the subsurface	57
Impacts of fungus-growing termites on surficial geology parameters: A review	57
Sediment-transport rates from decadal to millennial timescales across the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Impacts of tectonics, climatic processes, and vegetation cover	56
The Tertiary structuration of the Western Subalpine foreland deciphered by calcite-filled faults and veins	56
Cenozoic tectonic evolution of offshore Chinese Basins and its response to geodynamic processes of the East Asian Continental Margin	56
Long-term orbital forcing on Lower Jurassic black shale sedimentation: Basque-Cantabrian evidence	56
The Devonian System in northwestern Gondwana: Focus on Colombia	56

Relation between sediment distribution and halokinetic geometries along salt structures: a review and new insights from field studies	55
Advancing disaster risk communications	55
Diversification to extinction: oceanic and climatic context of the Ordovician	55
The Triassic–Jurassic transition – A review of environmental change at the dawn of modern life	54
Global-scale constraints on the origins of aerosol iron using stable iron isotopes: A review	53
Flat slab rollback as a trigger for large-scale skarn iron mineralization in the North China Craton	53
Effects of plant types on terrestrial leaf wax long-chain n-alkane biomarkers: Implications and paleoapplications	53
Editorial Board	53
The uncertain role of rising atmospheric CO2 on global plant transpiration	53
Rejection of Holliday et al.'s alleged refutation of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis	52
Reply to Comment by Birger Rasmussen and Janet R. Muhling on “Early Archean biogeochemical iron cycling and nutrient availability: New insights from a 3.5 Ga land-sea transition” by Johnson et al.	52
Reassessing metamorphic core complexes in the North American Cordillera	52
Establishing consistent equations of state for solid noble gases: Implication for partitioning behaviors of noble gases in the lower mantle	51
Editorial Board	51
WITHDRAWN: Fast-eroding Taiwan and transfer of orogenic sediment to forearc basins and trenches in the Philippine and South China seas	51
Landform-regolith patterns of Northwestern Africa: Deciphering Cenozoic surface dynamics of the tropical cratonic geosystem	50
Systematic literature review on seismic diffraction imaging	50
Are geological description practices and classification schemes fit for future use? Breccias as an example	50
Links of high velocity anomalies in the mantle to the Proto-South China Sea slabs: Tomography-based review and perspective	49
Geochemical constraints on the nature of Late Archean basaltic-andesitic magmatism in the North China Craton	49
The southeast Brazilian rifted continental margin is not a single, continuous upwarp: Variations in morphology and denudation patterns along the continental drainage divide	49
The 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius: A lesson from the past and the need of a multidisciplinary approach for developments in volcanology	49
Stromatoporoids and extinctions: A review	49
Evolution of the Archean felsic crust of Singhbhum Craton, India: A reassessment	48
Paleogeography of the Gondwana passive margin fragments involved in the Variscan and Alpine collisions: Perspectives from metavolcanic-sedimentary basement of the Western Carpathians	48
How benthic animals responded to the Paleozoic plant terrestrialization: Evidence from trace fossils and their ecosystem engineering reconstruction	47
Shale oil migration across multiple scales: A review of characterization methods and different patterns	47
The origins and transformation of carbonate mud during early marine burial diagenesis and the fate of aragonite: A stratigraphic sedimentological perspective	47
The postulation of intermittent land bridges as an explanation for reiterated colonization events of Madagascar by African vertebrates: An in-depth review and novel insights in honour of the late Judi	47
Why are readily soluble phytoliths more resilient?	47
The Archean crust-mantle interaction in the Jiaoliao microblock, North China Craton: Constraints on the Neoarchean subduction regime	47
Glendonites throughout the Phanerozoic	46
Transcurrent tectonic system and deep seismogenic mechanism in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau: A view from gravity and magnetic anomalies	46
Thallium in environmental compartments affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB): From rocks to the ocean	46
Thrust and nappe tectonics in orogenic settings – A historical review	46
Multi-stage differential exhumation of the West Junggar and adjacent regions, NW China, revealed by regional low-temperature thermochronology	46
Effects of weathering and fluvial transport on detrital trace metals	46
Distribution, style, amount of collisional shortening, and their link to Barrovian metamorphism in the European Alps	45
Provenance and sediment dispersal in the Po-Adriatic source-to-sink system unraveled by bulk-sediment geochemistry and its linkage to catchment geology	45
Vulnerability of buildings to landslides: The state of the art and future needs	45
Desert ecosystems in China: Past, present, and future	44
How many oceans closed during the Brasiliano Cycle in northeastern Brazil? Implications for the amalgamation of western Gondwana	44
The Palaeoproterozoic Hotazel BIF-Mn Formation as an archive of Earth's earliest oxygenation	43
Evolution of the East African Rift System from trap-scale to plate-scale rifting	43
Vestiges of early Earth’s deep subduction and CHONSP cycle recorded in Archean ophiolitic podiform chromitites	43
The Meso-Tethys Ocean: The nature, extension and spatial-temporal evolution	43
Corrigendum to “ Atmospheric aging effects on aerosol ice nucleation” [Earth-Science Reviews, 269 (2025), 105176]	43
Growth of a subduction orogen: Deformation styles and exhumation patterns in the Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides	43
Spatial and temporal control of Archean tectonomagmatic regimes	42
Gone with the tides? Reassessing possible eolian strata in the Paleoarchean Moodies Group in the context of the Archean eolian record	42
Progress towards an improved Precambrian seawater 87Sr/86Sr curve	42
Impact of the Jenkyns Event (early Toarcian) on dinosaurs: Comparison with the Triassic/Jurassic transition	42
Climate change hotspots and implications for the global subsea telecommunications network	42
Post-rift faulting controlled by different geodynamics in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea margin	41
Revisiting the geodynamical history of the so-called uplifted atolls, north-west Tuamotu, French Polynesia, central South Pacific	41
Connecting soils to life in conservation planning, nutrient cycling, and planetary science	41
Red sea evaporites: Formation, creep and dissolution	41
Geology from aeromagnetic data	41
Recent advancements in characterizing permeability and porosity distributions in bioturbated flow media	41
Trace elements in soils of the Antarctic ice-free areas: Insights on natural geochemical values, anthropogenic impact and possible remobilisation upon permafrost thaw	40
500 million years of foraminiferal calcification	40
Recent advances made by reaction experiments on melting of heavily metasomatized hydrous mantle	40
Paleoclimatic significance of water isotopes in speleothem fluid inclusions	40
Tethyan tectonics: Introduction to special article collection	40
Evidence of a large igneous province at ca. 347–330 Ma along the northern Gondwana margin linked to the assembly of Pangea: Insights from U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of the South-Wester	39
Interplay between early rifting, later folding, and sedimentary filling of a long-lived Tethys remnant: The Levant Basin	39
Stable zinc isotopes as tracers in environmental geochemistry	39
Transport and deposition of immiscible sulfide liquid during lateral magma flow	39
Minerals: A missing role for enhanced biochar carbon sequestration from the thermal conversion of biomass to the application in soil	39
Temporal changes in subduction- to collision-related magmatism in the Neotethyan orogen: The Southeast Iran example	39
Cenozoic exhumation of the Tianshan as constrained by regional low-temperature thermochronology	39
Geological evolution of the North China Craton in the first billion years of Earth's history	39
First-principles investigation of equilibrium magnesium isotope fractionation among mantle minerals: Review and new data	38
Editorial Board	38
Global tectonics and oxygenation events drove the Earth-scale phosphorus cycle	38
Spatiotemporal forecasting in earth system science: Methods, uncertainties, predictability and future directions	38
Editorial Board	38
Comment on Green, P., I. Duddy, I., and P. Japsen, P., 2022. Episodic kilometre-scale burial and exhumation and the importance of missing section. Earth-Science Reviews 234 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.e	37
Formation and evolution of Archean continental crust: A thermodynamic – geochemical perspective of granitoids from the Tarim Craton, NW China	37
Editorial Board	37

Re-Os isotope system in organic-rich samples for dating and tracing: Methodology, principle, and application	37
Thaw-induced impacts on land and water in discontinuous permafrost: A review of the Taiga Plains and Taiga Shield, northwestern Canada	36
A global apparent polar wander path for the last 320 Ma calculated from site-level paleomagnetic data	36
Reconciling the Cretaceous breakup and demise of the Phoenix Plate with East Gondwana orogenesis in New Zealand	36
The trace-fossil record of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age	36
A guide to recognising slow-moving subaqueous landslides in seismic and bathymetry datasets	36
A persistent non-uniformitarian paleomagnetic field in the Devonian?	36
The Caribbean mangroves: An Eocene innovation with no Cretaceous precursors	36
Reorganization of antecedent rivers in response to the evolving landscape at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau	36
Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the northeastern Asian continental margin revealed by sedimentary formations and fossil accretionary complexes	36
Challenges of mapping, modelling and quantifying sediment connectivity	35
A review on deformation structures of different terranes in the Precambrian Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt (ADMB), NW India: Tectonic implications and global correlation	35
Application of artificial intelligence in geotechnical engineering: A state-of-the-art review	35
A chemical framework for the preservation of fossil vertebrate cells and soft tissues	35
Unveiling the history and nature of paleostorms in the Holocene	35
Sedimentary pyrite proxy for atmospheric oxygen: evaluation of strengths and limitations	35
Peat fires and legacy toxic metal release: An integrative biogeochemical and ecohydrological conceptual framework	35
Soil Taxonomy adapted to buried paleosols: First approximation	34
Relative continent - mid-ocean ridge elevation: A reference case for isostasy in geodynamics	34
Magmatic complexes of the Tekturmas Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Central Kazakhstan: An overview and new implications for the early Paleozoic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean	34
Pacific-Asian Tectonics: Preface	34
Reply to the discussion paper by R. Martin on Kroeck et al. “A review of Paleozoic phytoplankton biodiversity: Driver for major evolutionary events?”	34
R, you correct? The Curious Case of Arnoldus (1977). Response to “Comment on ‘Towards improved USLE-based soil erosion modelling in India: A review of prevalent pitfalls and implementation of exemplar	34
Early plate tectonics and evolution of continental crust in the North China craton: Editorial preface	34
Editorial Board	34
Freshwater mollusc sclerochronology: Trends, challenges, and future directions	33
The precursor of apatite: Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in the earth and environmental sciences - A review	33
The evolution of the fracture systems under progressive sinistral shear in the Bundelkhand Craton, Central India: A review and new insights	33
Ice universality: perception of ice, its properties and connected processes on Earth and in the extraterrestrial environment. Earth sciences perspective	33
Terminal Ediacaran–Terreneuvian revolutions in Siberia	33
The tectonic significance of peri-Gondwanan Late Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic felsic peraluminous magmatism	33
Elusive Permian – Triassic Western Paleotethyan paleogeography: Towards the Early Cimmerian pre-Vardar configuration (Dinarides-Carpathian Balkan Belt)	32
A late Ediacaran ice age: The key node in the Earth system evolution	32
Glacier and terrestrial ecosystem evolution in the Chilotan archipelago sector of northwestern Patagonia since the Last Glacial Termination	32
Assessing the impact of bioturbation on sedimentary isotopic records through numerical models	32
Gaseous hydrocarbons cracking in shale: Mechanism, impact and resource significance	32
Morphology and controls of the mountain-front fan systems of the Hajar Mountains, south-east Arabia	32
Applying astronomical solutions and Milanković forcing in the Earth sciences	32
Deciphering the behavior and fate of microplastics in coastal aquatic environments: A comprehensive review illuminating coastal dynamics and driving mechanisms	32
Global synthesis of two decades of research on improving PM2.5 estimation models from remote sensing and data science perspectives	32
Storage integrity during underground hydrogen storage in depleted gas reservoirs	31
Mesoarchean terrestrial sedimentation in a continental rift setting and its provenance implications: An example from the Bisrampur Formation, Singhbhum craton, India	31
Seismic facies analysis: Past, present and future	31
An oxygen isotope perspective on the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent	31
The rise and fall of the Malvinoxhosan (Malvinokaffric) bioregion in South Africa: Evidence for Early-Middle Devonian biocrises at the South Pole	31
The Altaids: A review of twenty-five years of knowledge accumulation	31
Unlocking information about fine magnetic particle assemblages from first-order reversal curve diagrams: Recent advances	31
The growth and evolution of continental crust contributed by multiple sources in the East Kunlun Orogen during Early Paleozoic	31
The gravel-sand transition and grain size gap in river bed sediments	31
Magmatism and hydrocarbon accumulation in sedimentary basins: A review	31
Maturation from oceanic arcs to continental crust: Insights from Paleozoic magmatism in West Junggar, NW China	31
Characterisation of weak layers, physical controls on their global distribution and their role in submarine landslide formation	31
Mineralogy, geochemistry and occurrences of fougerite in a modern hydrothermal system and its implications for the origin of life	30
Editorial Board	30
Convergent margin metallogenic cycles: A window to secular changes in Earth's tectonic evolution	30
Editorial Board	30
Hierarchies of ecologic changes and their roles in the Phanerozoic taxonomic and ecologic diversification history of the Class Bivalvia	30
Pedogenic ferromanganese nodules and their impacts on nutrient cycles and heavy metal sequestration	30
Paleozoic collisional belt of the South Tien Shan: A review	30
Exposing basement terranes of the North Australian Craton	30
Detrital zircon geochronology and related evidence from clastic sediments in the Kyrenia Range, N Cyprus: Implications for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic erosional history and tectonics of southern Anatolia	30
Geochemistry of low-temperature (<350 °C) metamorphic and hydrothermal monazite	30
The Drake Passage asthenospheric and oceanic gateway	30
The Hf and O isotope record of long-lasting accretionary orogens: The example of the Proterozoic and Paleozoic-Triassic central South America	30
The Offset Dykes in the North and East Range of the Sudbury impact structure, Canada: A synthesis	30
Reply to the comment on “Ichnological analysis: A tool to characterize deep-marine processes and sediments” by Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tovar [Earth-Science Reviews, 228 (2022), 104014]	30
Evidence of “Lake Nyos-type” behavior in the geological record: A review	29
Evolution of the Eastern Red Sea Rifted margin: morphology, uplift processes and source-to-sink dynamics	29
Focus on the nonlinear infiltration process in deep vadose zone	29
Dispersal mechanism of fine-grained sediment in the modern mud belt of the East China Sea	29
The concept of oligotrophy applied to the fossil record	29
Fast-eroding Taiwan and transfer of orogenic sediment to forearc basins and trenches in the Philippine and South China seas	29
Is hyperaccumulation a viable hypothesis for organic associations of minor elements in coals?	29
A systematic review on rainfall patterns of Thailand: Insights into variability and its relationship with ENSO and IOD	29
Sediment oxygen consumption: Role in the global marine carbon cycle	29
Comment on “A new classification system for mixed (turbidite-contourite) depositional systems: Examples, conceptual models and diagnostic criteria for modern and ancient records” by S. Rodrigues, F.J.	29
Morphology and distribution of submerged palaeoshorelines: Insights from the North West Shelf of Australia	28
Rill flow velocity and resistance law: A review	28
The Silurian–Devonian terrestrial revolution: Diversity patterns and sampling bias of the vascular plant macrofossil record	28
The Ivrea-Verbano tectonic evolution: The role of the crust-mantle interactions in rifting localization	28
Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeast Brazil: A reference basin for studies on the early history of the South Atlantic Ocean	28
Precambrian geology of India	28
Comment on “Ichnological analysis: A tool to characterize deep-marine processes and sediments” by Francisco J. Rodriguez-Tovar [Earth-Science Reviews, 228 (2022), 104014]	28
Experimental measurements and characterization models of caprock breakthrough pressure for CO2 geological storage	27
Mineral physics constraints on ultra-low velocity zones in the lowermost mantle	27
Corrigendum to “The uplift of the East Africa – Arabia swell” [Earth Science Review, 257 (2024), 104901]	27
Degradation and local growth of “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost responding to climate warming and the consequences	27
Cross-propagation of the western Alpine orogen from early to late deformation stages: Evidence from the Internal Zones and implications for restoration	27
Editorial Board	27
Synchrony of carbon cycle fluctuations, volcanism and orbital forcing during the Early Cretaceous	27
Comprehensive review of CO2 geological storage: Exploring principles, mechanisms, and prospects	27
Early Cenozoic drainage network and paleogeographic evolution within the SE Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding area: Synthetic constraints from onshore-offshore geological dataset	27
Editorial Board	26
Climate-driven compositional modifications of arc volcanoes along the East Equatorial Pacific Margin — The magmatic response to a cooling planet	26
Tectono-magmatic evolution of the Archean Dharwar craton: A synthesis based on the geochemistry and emplacement history of the greenstone belt rocks of the craton	26