European Polymer Journal

Article	Citations
Antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives and their interaction mechanism with bacteria: Current state and perspectives	385
Nanocellulose based biodegradable polymers	180
Molecularly imprinted polymers by the surface imprinting technique	159
Chitosan/PVA hydrogels incorporated with green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles for wound healing applications	155
Freeze/thawed polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels: Present, past and future	151
An overview of dynamic covalent bonds in polymer material and their applications	145
Status and future scope of hydrogels in wound healing: Synthesis, materials and evaluation	139
Recent advances in carbon nanofibers and their applications – A review	130
Polyethylene terephthalate degradation under natural and accelerated weathering conditions	127
Physically cross-linked chitosan-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: A state-of-the-art review	124
The fabrication of antibacterial hydrogels for wound healing	116
Development of reinforced chitosan/pectin scaffold by using the cellulose nanocrystals as nanofillers: An injectable hydrogel for tissue engineering	110
4D printing of shape memory polymers	108
Quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan. A critical overview on the synthesis and properties generated by quaternization	106
Advances of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) and the application in drug delivery	105
Chemical extraction and modification of chitin and chitosan from shrimp shells	103
Tuning the conformation and mechanical properties of silk fibroin hydrogels	97
Light activated shape memory polymers and composites: A review	97
A review of etching methods of MXene and applications of MXene conductive hydrogels	92
Developments of PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) as a biomedical material: A focused review	91
Biodegradable polymers in drug delivery and oral vaccination	91
Synthesis of silica nanoparticles grafted with copolymer of acrylic acrylamide for ultra-removal of methylene blue from aquatic solutions	89
Citric acid: A green cross-linker of biomaterials for biomedical applications	88
Moving polyvinyl pyrrolidone electrospun nanofibers and bioprinted scaffolds toward multidisciplinary biomedical applications	85
Surface and interface modification of aramid fiber and its reinforcement for polymer composites: A review	84

Bio-based poly (butylene succinate): Recent progress, challenges and future opportunities	83
Fabrication of PVA/PAAm IPN hydrogel with high adhesion and enhanced mechanical properties for body sensors and antibacterial activity	83
An overview of fire retardant treatments for synthetic textiles: From traditional approaches to recent applications	77
In-vitro and in-vivo study of superabsorbent PVA/Starch/g-C3N4/Ag@TiO2 NPs hydrogel membranes for wound dressing	76
Recent advances on push–pull organic dyes as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization	74
Reactive compatibilization and properties of low-cost and high-performance PBAT/thermoplastic starch blends	74
Recent advances in natural polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Properties and applications	74
Antibacterial nano cerium oxide/chitosan/cellulose acetate composite films as potential wound dressing	72
Poly (propylene imine) dendrimer as an emerging polymeric nanocarrier for anticancer drug and gene delivery	69
Pectin hydrogels, aerogels, cryogels and xerogels: Influence of drying on structural and release properties	66
Polymer blends and polymer composites for cardiovascular implants	66
Functionalized polylysine biomaterials for advanced medical applications: A review	66
Hybrid polyhydroxyurethanes: How to overcome limitations and reach cutting edge properties?	65
Renewable castor oil and DL-limonene derived fully bio-based vinylogous urethane vitrimers	65
Coaxial and emulsion electrospinning of extracted hyaluronic acid and keratin based nanofibers for wound healing applications	64
Polycaprolactone-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vitro magnetic hyperthermia therapy of cancer	64
Recent advances on naphthalic anhydrides and 1,8-naphthalimide-based photoinitiators of polymerization	63
Compatibilization strategies and analysis of morphological features of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(lactic acid) PLA blends: A state-of-art review	62
Advanced polymer-based composites and structures for biomedical applications	61
Main-chain water-soluble polyphosphoesters: Multi-functional polymers as degradable PEG-alternatives for biomedical applications	61
Ultra-low dielectric constant polyimides: Combined efforts of fluorination and micro-branched crosslink structure	61
The role of polycaprolactone-triol (PCL-T) in biomedical applications: A state-of-the-art review	60
Phosphate-based covalent adaptable networks with recyclability and flame retardancy from bioresources	60
Major factors affecting the characteristics of starch based biopolymer films	58
Synergistic effects of conductive PVA/PEDOT electrospun scaffolds and electrical stimulation for more effective neural tissue engineering	58
Mechanical and thermal properties of electrospun polyimide/rGO composite nanofibers via in-situ polymerization and in-situ thermal conversion	57
Polymeric thermoelectric PEDOT: PSS & composites: Synthesis, progress, and applications	57
Soy protein-based adhesive with superior bonding strength and water resistance by designing densely crosslinking networks	57
Design of photoinitiating systems based on the chalcone-anthracene scaffold for LED cationic photopolymerization and application in 3D printing	55
A facile cross-linking approach to fabricate durable and self-healing superhydrophobic coatings of SiO2-PVA@PDMS on cotton textile	55
A review of fused deposition modelling for 3D printing of smart polymeric materials and composites	55
Biobased high-performance tri-furan functional bis-benzoxazine resin derived from renewable guaiacol, furfural and furfurylamine	54
From gas release to foam synthesis, the second breath of blowing agents	54
Thermal and flame-retardant properties of intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin containing biphenyl structures and phosphorus	54
Directly synthesized nitrogen-and-oxygen–doped microporous carbons derived from a bio-derived polybenzoxazine exhibiting high-performance supercapacitance and CO2 uptake	54
An effective and sustainable approach for achieving self-healing in nitrile rubber	53
Superior radical scavenging and catalytic carbonization capacities of bioderived assembly modified ammonium polyphosphate as a mono-component intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin	53
Review on recent advances in 4D printing of shape memory polymers	52
Polymer-based biomaterials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: A focus on topical drug administration	51
Recent advances in electrospun nanofibers for wound dressing	50
Advances in development of the dendrimers having natural saccharides in their structure for efficient and controlled drug delivery applications	50
Challenges in developing of chitosan – Based polyelectrolyte complexes as a platform for mucosal and skin drug delivery	50
Coaxial electrospun membranes with thermal energy storage and shape memory functions for simultaneous thermal/moisture management in personal cooling textiles	49
Recent advances in superhydrophobic surfaces for practical applications: A review	49
Advances in hydrogels based on dynamic covalent bonding and prospects for its biomedical application	49
Recent advances on chalcone-based photoinitiators of polymerization	49
Carboxymethylcellulose/polyacrylic acid/starch-modified Fe3O4 interpenetrating magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel beads as pH-sensitive carrier for oral anticancer drug delivery system	49
POSS hybrid hydrogels: A brief review of synthesis, properties and applications	48
An insight into aptamer engineered dendrimer for cancer therapy	48
A review on recent advances of Protein-Polymer hydrogels	48

Photoinitiators of polymerization with reduced environmental impact: Nature as an unlimited and renewable source of dyes	48
Preparation of degradable vegetable oil-based waterborne polyurethane with tunable mechanical and thermal properties	47
Electrospraying: A facile technology unfolding the chitosan based drug delivery and biomedical applications	47
The use of TPGS in drug delivery systems to overcome biological barriers	47
Recent advancements in α-diimine-nickel and -palladium catalysts for ethylene polymerization	46
Recent advances on coumarin-based photoinitiators of polymerization	45
Design and characterization of poly(glycerol-sebacate)-co-poly(caprolactone) (PGS-co-PCL) and its nanocomposites as novel biomaterials: The promising candidate for soft tissue engineering	45
Using solvent-free approach for preparing innovative biopolymer nanocomposites based on PGS/gelatin	45
Swelling capacity of sugarcane bagasse-g-poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite superabsorbent composites and their application as slow release fertilizer	44
N-ethyl carbazole-1-allylidene-based push-pull dyes as efficient light harvesting photoinitiators for sunlight induced polymerization	44
A comprehensive evaluation of flexible FDM/FFF 3D printing filament as a potential material in medical application	44
3D printing of PLA composites scaffolds reinforced with keratin and chitosan: Effect of geometry and structure	44
A recyclable vanillin-based epoxy resin with high-performance that can compete with DGEBA	44
Exploring dendrimer-based drug delivery systems and their potential applications in cancer immunotherapy	44
A simple, quick, and cost-effective strategy to fabricate polycaprolactone/silk fibroin nanofiber yarns for biotextile-based tissue scaffold application	44
Preparation of intelligent DNA hydrogel and its applications in biosensing	43
New hybrid MOF/polymer composites for the photodegradation of organic dyes	43
Preparation of aramid nanofiber and its application in polymer reinforcement: A review	42
Material, antibacterial and anticancer properties of natural polyphenols incorporated soy protein isolate: A review	42
Recent advances on visible light Phenothiazine-based photoinitiators of polymerization	42
A review on synthesis, photophysical properties, and applications of dendrimers with perylene core	41
Intrinsically noncombustible polymers without flame retardant additives: Sulfur-containing and bio-based benzoxazines	41
Dynamic network based on eugenol-derived epoxy as promising sustainable thermoset materials	41
Cellulose nanocrystals from agricultural resources: Extraction and functionalisation	41
Enhanced piezoelectric performance of PVDF/BiCl3/ZnO nanofiber-based piezoelectric nanogenerator	41
Designing cryogels through cryostructuring of polymeric matrices for biomedical applications	41
Furan-containing polymeric Materials: Harnessing the Diels-Alder chemistry for biomedical applications	40
Review on the preparation, biological activities and applications of curdlan and its derivatives	40
Recent advances on ferrocene-based photoinitiating systems	40
Folic acid conjugated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer as a smart nanocarriers for tracing, imaging, and treating cancers over-expressing folate receptors	40
Post-metallocene catalysts for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene: Recent advances	40
Blends and composites of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and their applications	39
Ionic tactile sensors as promising biomaterials for artificial skin: Review of latest advances and future perspectives	39
Programing polyurethane with rational surface-modified graphene platelets for shape memory actuators and dielectric elastomer generators	39
High-performance sunlight induced polymerization using novel push-pull dyes with high light absorption properties	39
Antibacterial and hemostatic bilayered electrospun nanofibrous wound dressings based on quaternized silicone and quaternized chitosan for wound healing	39
Synthesis of colorless polyimides with high Tg from asymmetric twisted benzimidazole diamines	39
Nucleophilic Thiol-yne reaction in Macromolecular Engineering: From synthesis to applications	38
A covalent organic framework exhibiting amphiphilic selective adsorption toward ionic organic dyes tuned by pH value	38
3D printing of multifunctional materials for sensing and actuation: Merging piezoelectricity with shape memory	38
Rapidly curable hyaluronic acid-catechol hydrogels inspired by scallops as tissue adhesives for hemostasis and wound healing	38
Tunable modalities in polyolefin synthesis via coordination insertion catalysis	38
3D scaffolding of fast photocurable polyurethane for soft tissue engineering by stereolithography: Influence of materials and geometry on growth of fibroblast cells	38
Glycerol: Its properties, polymer synthesis, and applications in starch based films	38
Vanillin derivative as performing type I photoinitiator	38
Dynamic transfer auto-catalysis of epoxy vitrimers enabled by the carboxylic acid/epoxy ratio based on facilely synthesized trifunctional monoesterified cyclic anhydrides	38
High strength zwitterionic nano-micelle hydrogels with superior self-healing, adhesive and ion conductive properties	38
Polymer chemistry underpinning materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs): Recent trends	37
Design of keto-coumarin based photoinitiator for Free Radical Photopolymerization: Towards 3D printing and photocomposites applications	37
Nano-bio finishing of cotton fabric with quaternized chitosan Schiff base-TiO2-ZnO nanocomposites for antimicrobial and UV protection applications	37
Recent advances on visible light photoinitiators of polymerization based on Indane-1,3-dione and related derivatives	37
Chitosan-based drug delivery systems: Current strategic design and potential application in human hard tissue repair	37
Bioactive wound dressing using bacterial cellulose loaded with papain composite: Morphology, loading/release and antibacterial properties	37
Visible light photocatalytic deterioration of polystyrene plastic using supported BiOCl nanoflower and nanodisk	36
Strong and recyclable soybean oil-based epoxy adhesives based on dynamic borate	36
A review on wound dressings: Antimicrobial agents, biomaterials, fabrication techniques, and stimuli-responsive drug release	36
Shape memory composite hydrogel based on sodium alginate dual crosslinked network with carboxymethyl cellulose	36
Synthesis and characterization of renewable polyurethane foams using different biobased polyols from olive oil	36
Biobased 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its emerging copolyesters’ properties for packaging applications	36
The comparision of glybenclamide and metformin-loaded bacterial cellulose/gelatin nanofibres produced by a portable electrohydrodynamic gun for diabetic wound healing	36
Advances and challenges in conductive hydrogels: From properties to applications	36
The preparation and characterization of plasticized PVA fibres by a novel Glycerol/Pseudo Ionic Liquids system with melt spinning method	36
Functional role of crosslinking in alginate scaffold for drug delivery and tissue engineering: A review	35
Stable N-halamine on polydopamine coating for high antimicrobial efficiency	35
A smart drug delivery system responsive to pH/enzyme stimuli based on hydrophobic modified sodium alginate	35
Recent advances in applications of vinyl ether monomers for precise synthesis of custom-tailored polymers	35
Acetylation of lignin containing microfibrillated cellulose and its reinforcing effect for polylactic acid	35
Diels-Alder-based thermo-reversibly crosslinked polymers: Interplay of crosslinking density, network mobility, kinetics and stereoisomerism	34
Effect of soft segment molecular weight and NCO:OH ratio on thermomechanical properties of lignin-based thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive	34
Recent advances in biopolymer-based formulations for wound healing applications	34
Biomass polyamide elastomers based on hydrogen bonds with rapid self-healing properties	34
Sulfur-based oxidation-responsive polymers. Chemistry, (chemically selective) responsiveness and biomedical applications	33
Fabrication of a smart and biocompatible brush copolymer decorated on magnetic graphene oxide hybrid nanostructure for drug delivery application	33
Towards permanent hydrophilic PVDF membranes. Amphiphilic PVDF-b-PEG-b-PVDF triblock copolymer as membrane additive	33
Ketone derivatives as photoinitiators for both radical and cationic photopolymerizations under visible LED and application in 3D printing	33
Electrospinning of cellulose using ionic liquids: An overview on processing and applications	33
Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) plasticized with dibutyl maleate and fumarate isomers: Promising alternatives as biodegradable plasticizers	33
Dual anticancer drug delivery of D-galactose-functionalized stimuli-responsive nanogels for targeted therapy of the liver hepatocellular carcinoma	33
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH): Synthesis, properties, and applications - A review	32
Ultrastable two-dimensional fluorescent conjugated microporous polymers containing pyrene and fluorene units for metal ion sensing and energy storage	32

Preparation of carboxylated lignin-based epoxy resin with excellent mechanical properties	32
Polycationic condensed tannin/polysaccharide-based polyelectrolyte multilayers prevent microbial adhesion and proliferation	32
Chitosan-based nanoscale and non-nanoscale delivery systems for anticancer drugs: A review	32
Metalated porphyrins as versatile visible light and NIR photoinitiators of polymerization	32
Recent advances in biodegradable polymers – Properties, applications and future prospects	32
A comprehensive overview of common conducting polymer-based nanocomposites; Recent advances in design and applications	32
Taxanes loaded polymersomes as an emerging polymeric nanocarrier for cancer therapy	31
Polyoxazoline: A review article from polymerization to smart behaviors and biomedical applications	31
Near infrared-induced shape memory polymer composites with dopamine-modified multiwall carbon nanotubes via 3D-printing	31
Switching (bio-) adhesion and friction in liquid by stimulus responsive polymer coatings	31
Adhesion mechanism and application progress of hydrogels	31
Production and characterization of hybrid nanofiber wound dressing containing Centella asiatica coated silver nanoparticles by mutual electrospinning method	31
Recent advances on squaraine-based photoinitiators of polymerization	31
Emerging application of magnetic nanoparticles for breast cancer therapy	31
Formulation, physico-chemical characterization and antidiabetic potential of naringenin-loaded poly D, L lactide-co-glycolide (N-PLGA) nanoparticles	31
Ultrahigh thermal-stability polyimides with low CTE and required flexibility by formation of hydrogen bonds between poly(amic acid)s	30
Riboflavin-induced metal-free ATRP of (meth)acrylates	30
Synthesis, characterization and potential applications of Poly(o-phenylenediamine) based copolymers and Nanocomposites: A comprehensive review	30
Cutting-edge development in dendritic polymeric materials for biomedical and energy applications	30
Effect of crosslink structure on mechanical properties, thermal stability and flame retardancy of natural flavonoid based epoxy resins	30
Epoxy/hollow glass microsphere syntactic foams for structural and functional application-A review	30
3D printed artificial cornea for corneal stromal transplantation	30
Guar gum/gellan gum interpenetrating-network self-healing hydrogels for human motion detection	30
Recent advances on carbazole-based oxime esters as photoinitiators of polymerization	30
Polydopamine-assisted strategies for preparation of fire-safe polymeric materials: A review	30
Pyrylium salt as a visible-light-induced photoredox catalyst for polymer and organic synthesis – Perspectives on catalyst design and performance	30
Development of modified and multifunctional poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)-based biomaterials for biomedical applications	30
Preparation and antimicrobial activity of pectin-chitosan embedding nisin microcapsules	30
Dendrimers as prospective nanocarrier for targeted delivery against lung cancer	30
Influence of plasticiser type and nanoclay on the properties of chitosan-based materials	29
Injectable drug loaded gelatin based scaffolds as minimally invasive approach for drug delivery system: CNC/PAMAM nanoparticles	29
Toughening and strengthening epoxy resins with a new bi-DOPO biphenyl reactive flame retardant	29
Strategy for enhancing mechanical properties and bone regeneration of 3D polycaprolactone kagome scaffold: Nano hydroxyapatite composite and its exposure	29
Starch and itaconic acid-based superabsorbent hydrogels for agricultural application	29
Comparison of microwave-assisted and thermal-heated synthesis of P(HEMA-co-AM)/PVA interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution: Characterization, adsorpti	29
Graphene-polyaniline composite as superior electrochemical sensor for detection of cyano explosives	29
Synthesis and properties of biobased mono-benzoxazine resins from natural renewable pterostilbene	29
Hyperbranched flame retardant to simultaneously improve the fire-safety, toughness and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin	29
Polydopamine films: Electrochemical growth and sensing applications	29
Promising grafting strategies on cellulosic backbone through radical polymerization processes – A review	29
The role of polyethylene glycol on the microstructural, magnetic and specific absorption rate in thermoablation properties of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles by sol–gel protocol	29
New hybrid perovskites/polymer composites for the photodegradation of organic dyes	29
Insertion copolymerization of functional olefins: Quo Vadis?	28
5,12-Dihydroindolo[3,2-a]carbazole: A promising scaffold for the design of visible light photoinitiators of polymerization	28
Vitrimer-like material based on a biorenewable elastomer crosslinked with a dimeric fatty acid	28
Interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels using natural based dyes initiating systems: Antibacterial activity and 3D/4D performance	28
Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots for developing highly flame retardant poly (vinyl alcohol) composite films	28
A systematic review of polymer composite in biomedical engineering	28
Polymerization mechanism of 1,3-benzoxazine catalyzed by PCl5 and rearrangement of chemical structures	28
Hydrogels differentiated by length scales: A review of biopolymer-based hydrogel preparation methods, characterization techniques, and targeted applications	28
Greener therapeutic pH-sensing wound dressing based on Curcuma Longa and cellulose hydrogel	28
Fabrication of micro-porous hyaluronic acid hydrogels through salt leaching	27
Display of hidden properties of flexible aerogel based on bacterial cellulose/polyaniline nanocomposites with helping of multiscale modeling	27
Fully recyclable carbon fiber reinforced vanillin-based epoxy vitrimers	27
Synthesis and properties of transparent random and multi-block polyamide-imide films with high modulus and low CTE	27
Amylopectin based hydrogel strain sensor with good biocompatibility, high toughness and stable anti-swelling in multiple liquid media	27
Improving the performance of quaternized SEBS based anion exchange membranes by adjusting the functional group and side chain structure	27
Highly efficient adsorbent material for removal of methylene blue dye based on functionalized polyacrylonitrile	27
4D printing: Pragmatic progression in biofabrication	27
Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s: From current developments in synthetic strategies towards applications	27
Ultrafast microwave assisted recycling of PET to a family of functional precursors and materials	27
Effect of powder recycling on anisotropic tensile properties of selective laser sintered PA2200 polyamide	27
Enzymatic synthesis of biobased polyesters utilizing aromatic diols as the rigid component	26
Recent progress in polymer-based optical chemosensors for Cu2+ and Hg2+ Ions: A comprehensive review	26
The new LED-Sensitive photoinitiators of Polymerization: Copper complexes in free radical and cationic photoinitiating systems and application in 3D printing	26
Polymer Nanocomposites: Role of modified filler content and interfacial interaction on crystallization	26
Morphology evolution of functionalized styrene and methyl methacrylate copolymer latex nanoparticles by one-step emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization	26
Advanced functionalized nanographene oxide as a biomedical agent for drug delivery and anti-cancerous therapy: A review	26
A type of self-healable, dissoluble and stretchable organosilicon elastomer for flexible electronic devices	26
Hollow microcapsule with pH-sensitive chitosan/polymer shell for in vitro delivery of curcumin and gemcitabine	26
A concise review on design and control of structured natural rubber latex particles as engineering nanocomposites	26
Preparation and characterization of organic soluble polyimides with low dielectric constant containing trifluoromethyl for optoelectronic application	26
Hyperbranched Polymer-based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Progress, and Applications	26
Photoluminescent folic acid functionalized biocompatible and stimuli-responsive nanostructured polymer brushes for targeted and controlled delivery of doxorubicin	26
PLA bioplastic production: From monomer to the polymer	26
Fluorinated low molecular weight poly(phenylene oxide): Synthesis, characterization, and application in epoxy resin toward improved thermal and dielectric properties	26
The future of poly(2-oxazoline)s	26
Chitosan biopolymer, its derivatives and potential applications in nano-therapeutics: A comprehensive review	26
Ring-opening (co)polymerization of six-membered substituted δ-valerolactones with alkali metal alkoxides	26
Strong anti-polyelectrolyte zwitterionic hydrogels with superior self-recovery, tunable surface friction, conductivity, and antifreezing properties	26
Components, mechanisms and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer gels	25
Tailoring of conducting polymers via copolymerization – A review	25
Assessing the influence of various imidazolium groups on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride) based high temperature proton exchange membranes	25
The effect of matrix on shape properties of aromatic disulfide based epoxy vitrimers	25
Natural rubber degradation products: Fine chemicals and reuse of rubber waste	25
Thermal latent and Low-Temperature polymerization of a Bio-Benzoxazine resin from natural renewable chrysin and furfurylamine	25
Recent advances on iron-based photoinitiators of polymerization	25
Zwitterionic choline phosphate functionalized chitosan with antibacterial property and superior water solubility	25
Preparation of biodegradable, and pH-sensitive poly(azomethine)-chitosan hydrogels for potential application of 5-fluoro uracil delivery	25
Poly (β‐amino esters) based potential drug delivery and targeting polymer; an overview and perspectives (review)	25
Preparation and characterization of antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan sponge and potential applied for wound dressing	25
Prediction of drug-carrier interactions of PLA and PLGA drug-loaded nanoparticles by molecular dynamics simulations	25
Recent advances on visible light Coumarin-based oxime esters as initiators of polymerization	25
Study on the microscopic characteristics and rheological properties of thermal-oxidative aged and virgin-old recycled asphalts	25
Recent advances on perylene-based photoinitiators of polymerization	25