Fire Technology

Article	Citations
Study on the Critical Flame Spread Along Inclined and Discrete Thermally-Thin Paper	73
Quantifying the Fire Hazard from Li-Ion Battery Fires Caused by Thermal Runaway in E-scooters	48
An Image Restoration Method for Improving Matching Robustness of Indoor Smoke Scene	36
Correction: Semantic Enrichment of a BIM Model Using Revit: Automatic Annotation of Doors in High-Rise Residential Building Models Using Machine Learning	33
Effects of Fuel Depth and Pan Wall Material for Unsteady Pool Fires with Different Fuels	31
Study on the Blocking Effect of Aerogel Felt Thickness on Thermal Runaway Propagation of Lithium-Ion Batteries	28
Gait Biomechanics While Walking Down an Incline After Exhaustion	25
Evaluation of the Fire Behavior of Low-Rise Eccentrically Braced Frame Structures Under Different Fire Scenarios	23
Elastic Modulus, Thermal Expansion, and Pyrolysis Shrinkage of Norway Spruce Under High Temperature	22
Experimental Study on Flame Length of Sidewall Fire with Different Aspect Ratios and Orientations in an Arched Tunnel	21
Research on the Inhibition of Thermal Runaway in Power Lithium-Ion Batteries by Modified Vermiculite Powder	21
Large-Scale Experimental Investigation of Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Smoke Temperature in Ship Engine Room	21
Post-fire Mechanical Properties of Q960 Cold-Formed Thick-Walled Ultra-High-Strength Steel	20
A Review on Fire Research of Electric Power Grids of China: State-Of-The-Art and New Insights	20
Influence of Wind Speeds and Heating Exposures on the Thermal Insulation of Intumescent Fire-Retardant Coatings	20
Lite Transformer Network with Long–Short Range Attention for Real-Time Fire Detection	19
A Novel Method for Smart Fire Detection Using Acoustic Measurements and Machine Learning: Proof of Concept	19
Comparative Study on Upward Flame Spread Over Single and Twin Polyethylene-Insulated Copper Core Wires at Different Inclination Angles	18
Progressive Collapse of Steel Frames in Fire Using Hybrid Models with Explicit Formation of Connections	17
Development of HRR Distributions in Electrical Enclosure Fire Scenario Through Machine Learning	16
A Model for Predicting the Trajectory and Structure of Firefighting Hose Streams	15
Flame Retardancy of Densified Wood Modified by Bio-Material Based Flame Retardant	15
Incident Report and Analysis of the 2021 Cox’s Bazar Rohingya Refugee Camp Fire in Bangladesh	15
Transition from Surface to Crown Fires: Effects of Moisture Content	15
Burning Behavior Analysis in Meso and Large-Scale Oil Slick Fires With and Without Waves Using Outdoor Gas Emission Sampling (OGES) System	14

Understanding the Impact of Fuel on Surfactant Microstructure of Firefighting Foam	14
Special Issue on “Smart Systems in Fire Engineering”	13
Optimization of Failure Modes of a Ductile Connection Under Fire Conditions	13
Thermal Runaway Characteristics and Fire Behaviors of Lithium-Ion Batteries Corroded by Salt Solution Immersion	13
Heat Transfer in Ultra-High-Performance Concrete-Filled Double-Skin Tubes Under Fire Conditions	12
Combustion Performance of Thermally Aged Asphalt Blended with ATH/ZB Flame Retardant	12
Flame Spread Transition to Regression of Thick Fuel in Oxygen-Limited Concurrent Flow	12
3D Location of Indoor Fire Ignition with a Multilevel Constraint Based on Monocular Vision	12
Fire Tests on Steel–Timber Composite Beams	12
Post-fire Response of Partially Restrained Connections: Methodology and Application on Top & Seat Angles	11
The Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter: A Literature Review	11
Development of an Optimization Tool for Wall-Insulation Systems with a Focus on Fire Safety	11
Flame Retarded Adhesive Tapes and Their Influence on the Fire Behavior of Bonded Parts	11
Behavior of a Composite Steel Decking and Boarding System in Fire Based on Large-Scale Experimental Testing and Numerical Modelling	11
Thermomechanical Coupling and Performance Analysis of a Fabricated Frame Tunnel with Steel Box Joints	11
Additional Fire Exposure Time for the Effect of Spalling in Reinforced Concrete Columns	11
The UN Sustainable Development Goals and Fire Technology	11
Experimental Study on Flame Extension and Pattern Analysis of Jet Fire Impinging Wood Plates	10
Post-Fire Performance of Butt-Welded Connections in ST-37 Steel	10
Impact of the Pressure Differences Between Road Galeries On Tunnels Generated by the Smoke Control System	10
Pilot Study on Fire Effluent Condensate from Full Scale Residential Fires	10
Construction and Application of Knowledge Graph for Building Fire	10
Prescriptive Building Regulations, Safety Objectives, and Residual Risk in Germany	10
Modeling Temperature of Fire-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Buildings Based on Nondestructive Testing and Gene Algorithm Techniques	10
State of the Art Methodologies for the Estimation of Fire Costs in Buildings to Support Cost–Benefit Analysis	10
Experimental Study on Foam Spreading on Fuel Layers with Different Thicknesses	10
Fire Behaviour of a Prestressed Thin-Walled Concrete V-Beam	10
Benchmarking Between COMSOL and GPYRO in Predicting Self-Heating Ignition of Lithium-Ion Batteries	9
Statistical Distribution of Heat Release Rate Data for Single Household Items	9
Correction: Evaluation of Mass Spectrometric Methods for Screening Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Particulate Phase of Wildfire/Biomass Smoke	9
Extension of the Explosion Vent Analyzer (EVA): A Computational Model Predicting Explosion Parameters of Fuel Blends	9
Study on Fire Resistance of Prefabricated Demountable Composite Beams Using Bolted Shear Connectors	9
Fire Dynamics of Mass Timber Compartments with Exposed Surfaces: Development of an Analytical Model	9
Experimental Study of the Charring of I-Joists and Recession of Combustible Insulation in Light Timber Frame Assemblies with Comparison to Eurocode 5	9
A Combined Method to Build Bayesian Network for Fire Risk Assessment of Historical Buildings	9
The Post-fire Assessment of Steel Structures, a Reliability-Based Semi-probabilistic Approach	8
Obstructions and Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinklers	8
Thermal Degradation of Mechanical Properties in Super Ductile Reinforcing Steel Bars: A Comparative Study with Conventional Bars	8
Correction to: Using Probabilistic Zone Model Simulations to Investigate the Deterministic Assumptions of UK Residential Corridor Smoke Control Design	8
Understanding the Economic Efficiency of Spending on Fire and Rescue Services: A Literature Review on the Causal Impacts of Fire Suppression Activities	8
Experimental and Numerical Study of Flame Spread Over Bed of Pine Needles	8
Metallurgical Analysis as a Useful Method for Fire Investigation: the Case of Galvanized Steel Sheets	8
A Probabilistic Evaluation of Surface Loading and Concentration as Metrics for Post Structural Fire Assessment Soot Sampling Data	8
A Mixed Convection Model for Estimating the Critical Velocity to Prevent Smoke Backlayering in Tunnels	8
Overview of Factors Affecting the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns with Imperfections at High Temperature	8
Two-Dimensional Analysis on Ceiling Jet Temperature Characteristics in a Semicircular Tunnel	8
Predicting the Average Charring Rate of Mass Timber Using Data-Driven Methods for Structural Calculations	8
Closed-Loop Control Strategy for Simulated Smoke Concentration in Aircraft Cargo Compartment Mock-Up	7
A Novel Method for Priority Assessment of Electrical Fire Risk in Typical Underwater Equipment Cabins in China	7
Fire Severity Outcome Comparison of Apartment Buildings Constructed from Combustible and Non-Combustible Construction Materials	7

Sustainable Flame-Retardant Flax Fabrics by Engineered Layer-by-Layer Surface Functionalization with Phytic Acid and Polyethylenimine	7
Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics Under 20 kPa with Different Airflow Rates	7
Numerical Modelling and Benchmark Study of Fire Resistance of Stainless Steel Structural Elements	7
Post-fire Structural Properties of Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled Duplex Stainless Steel Reinforcing Bar	7
A Deep Separable Convolutional Neural Network for Multiscale Image-Based Smoke Detection	7
Large-Scale Fire Tests on Sliding Doors for Building Applications	7
The Influence of COVID-19 Stay at Home Measures on Fire Statistics Sampled from New York City, London, San Francisco, and Tokyo	7
Deep Convolutional Network with Pixel-Aware Attention for Smoke Recognition	7
Challenges in Fire Protection for Cultural Property Buildings Based on the Lessons from the Shurijo Castle Fire	7
Identifying Thresholds for Observational Indicators of Enhanced Sonic Deposition on Smoke Alarms in Forensic Investigations	7
Wildland Firefighting Personal Protective Clothing Cleaning Practices in the United States	7
Development of Ignition Time and Mass Loss Rate Prediction Models for Rigid Polyurethane Foam with Multi-Step Thermal Degradation Under Various External Heat Flux Conditions	7
The Collapse of World Trade Center 7: Revisited	7
Prediction and Reduction of Alarm Sound Propagation Through Escape Stairways	7
Bending Strength of Composite Slabs Exposed to Fire at an Early Age	7
Analytical Model for Non-linear $$\user2{M - }\,\,{\varvec{\theta}}$$ Relationships of Dowel-Type Timber Connections Exposed to Fire	7
Ignition of Gases, Vapors, and Liquids by Hot Surfaces	7
A Study on Evacuation Behavior in Physical and Virtual Reality Experiments	6
Research on Key Parameters and Fire Extinguishing Effectiveness of Compressed Air Foam System Used for UHV Substation	6
Fire Load Assessment in Office Buildings: A Comparison of Survey Results	6
Flame Interaction Characteristics of Two Adjacent Liquid Pool Fires Under the Influence of Cross Wind	6
Correction: Decision Support Framework for Sustainable and Fire Resilient Buildings (SAFR-B)	6
Automating Fire Detection and Suppression with Computer Vision: A Multi-Layered Filtering Approach to Enhanced Fire Safety and Rapid Response	6
Multi-Scale Prediction For Fire Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network	6
Performance of Normal Strength Concrete Slab Strengthened with High-Performance Concrete After Exposure to Elevated Temperature	6
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Multi-compartment Spreading Fire in a Full-Scale Steel Framed Building	6
Experimental Dimension and Boundary Analysis of Upward Flame Spread Over U-Shaped Facade in Energy-Saving Building Fires	6
The Efficiency of Perfluorohexanone on Suppressing Lithium-Ion Battery Fire and Its Device Development	6
An Experimental Investigation on Assessment of Residual Mechanical Performance of Basalt Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete at Elevated Temperature	6
Real-Time Active Fire Detection in the Pantanal Biome, Brazil, Using Convolutional Neural Networks	6
A LiFePO4 Based Semi-solid Lithium Slurry Battery for Energy Storage and a Preliminary Assessment of Its Fire Safety	6
Condensed Aerosol Based Fire Extinguishing System Covering Versatile Applications: A Review	6
A Sociotechnical Systems Framework for Performance-Based Design for Fire Safety	6
Thermal Runaway and Fire Behaviors of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Induced by Overheating and Overcharging	6
Experimental Study on the Efficiency of Dodecafluoro-2-Methylpentan-3-One on Suppressing Large-Scale Battery Module Fire	6
A Novel Efficient Video Smoke Detection Algorithm Using Co-occurrence of Local Binary Pattern Variants	6
A Gallery of Combustion and Fire	6
Effects of Bolt Number and Pattern on the Failure Time of Minimally Fire-Protected Glulam Beam Connections Reinforced with Self-tapping Screws	6
The Effect of Surrounding Water on the Burning Rates of Pool Fires	6
Discovering Graphical Heuristics on Fire-Induced Spalling of Concrete Through Explainable Artificial Intelligence	6
The Smoke Flow Deflection Angles in Immersed Tunnel Fires with Multi-Point Concentrated Smoke Exhaust Mode: Representation Model and Influencing Mechanisms	5
Experimental Investigation of Water-Based Fire Suppression Systems on External Façade Fires	5
Experimental Study of the Effect of Opening Factor on Self-Extinguishing and Blue Ghosting Flame in Under-Ventilated Compartment Fire	5
Influence of Particle Size on the Flammability and Explosibility of Biomass Dusts: Is a New Approach Needed?	5
Correction: The Impact of Various Heating Rates on Real-Time Degree of Hybrid Fire Simulation	5
Investigation of 2D Soot Distribution and Characteristic Soot Volume Fraction of Flames in the Confined Compartment with a Horizontal Opening	5
Fire Load Density Distribution in School Buildings and Statistical Modelling	5
Fire Loss Assessment Model Based on Internet Search Engine Query Data	5
Experimental Study on the Influence of External Heat Flux and Air Pressure on the Combustion Characteristics of Solar Panels	5
Impact of Mass Timber Compartment Fires on Façade Fire Exposure	5
Fire Performance of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Columns	5
Holistic Individual Fire Preparedness in Informal Settlements, Bangladesh	5
Pruning Long Short-Term Memory: A Model for Predicting the Stress–Strain Relationship of Normal and Lightweight Aggregate Concrete at Finite Temperature	5
Numerical Design Calculation of T-stubs at Elevated Temperatures	5
Potential of Surrogate Modelling for Probabilistic Fire Analysis of Structures	5
Performance of Composite Plate Shear Walls (SpeedCore) Under Fire Loading: An Experimental Investigation	5
Influence of Longitudinal Ventilation Speed on Evacuation Behavior Characteristics Under a Moving Subway Train with Fire	5
Correction: Tunnel Ventilation Analysis Using a Probabilistic Approach: Case Study, Fire in Road Tunnels with Longitudinal Ventilation	5
Shielding Encapsulation to Enhance Fire Endurance of Phase Change Materials in Energy-Efficient Concrete	5
Burning Behavior of Liquid Fuel on Wavy Water	5
Deep Fundamental Diagram Network for Fast Pedestrian Dynamics Estimation	5
Remarks on the Safety of Lithium -Ion Batteries for Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the UK	5
Optimizing Smoke Alarm Signals for Those at Highest Risk for Residential Fire-Related Death: Testing the Effectiveness of Children’s Smoke Alarms for Sleeping Older Adults	5
Smoldering of Wood: Effects of Wind and Fuel Geometry	4
Automatic Fire Sprinkler Activation Time with Quadratic Fire Growth	4
Probabilistic Fire Simulation Assessment Using Simplified Model and Zone Modelling of a Kitchen Fire Scenario	4
Numerical Simulation of the Fire Response of a Frame with Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns	4
Experimental Assessment of Emission Factors from Fires in the Built Environment Including Scaling Effects	4
Calculation Method of the Residual Bearing Capacities of Concrete T-Shaped Beams Considering the Effect of Fire Cracks	4
Alarm Technologies to Wake Sleeping People Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing	4
Forest Fire Spread Prediction and Assimilation Using the Deterministic Ensemble Kalman Filter	4
Framework to Incorporate Sprinkler System in Structural Fire Engineering	4
Correction: Informal Settlement Fires in Colombia	4
On the Performance of Firefighting Suits Under Different Patterns of Firefighter’s Movement: Radiation Heat Transfer Between Layers of the Suit	4
Postfire Mechanical Behaviors of Grouted Sleeve Connections Under Strong Earthquakes	4
Effect of High Temperature on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Cement Paste Modified by Micro- and Nano-calcium Carbonate Particles	4
Numerical Study on Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Under Fire Conditions	4
Risk Perception, Safety Behavior and Work Accidents: Assessment and Relations in a Sample of Portuguese Firefighters	4
Impact of Fuel Type on Fire Dynamics in Mechanically Ventilated Compartment as a Consequence of Closing Inlet Vent	4
Experimental Research and Theoretical Analysis on Flame Spreading Behaviors of Transformer Insulating Paperboard Under Different Inclined Angles	4

Inhibition Effect of Liquid Nitrogen on Suppression of Thermal Runaway in Large Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries	4
Thermal Radiation from a Moving Cable Fire Along the Cable Tray in a Full-Size Corridor	4
Fire Detection and Spatial Localization Approach for Autonomous Suppression Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence	4
Flame Extension Length Beneath an Inclined Eave Induced By Facade Fire Plume	4
On the Effectiveness of Aerosol Extinguishing Agents for Battery Vent Gases and Hydrogen	4
Experimental Study on Effect of Infiltration Depth on Burning Characteristic and Fuel Residual Feature of Inert Porous Media Bed Soaked by Combustible Liquid	4
Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Cathode Materials: A Comparative Study	4
Fire-Retarding Asphalt Pavement for Urban Road Tunnels: A State-of-the-Art Review and Beyond	4
A Daytime Smoke Detection Method Based on Variances of Optical Flow and Characteristics of HSV Color on Footage from Outdoor Camera in Urban City	4
Automation in Fire Safety Engineering Using BIM and Generative Design	4
Experimental Investigation on the Variation in Solid Fuel Fire Whirl Properties with Imposed and Fuel Rotation	4
The Impact of Various Heating Rates on Real-Time Degree of Hybrid Fire Simulation	4
Experimental Study of Sub-critical Velocity in Longitudinally Ventilated Tunnels	4
The Impact of Air-Tightness on Smoke Transport During High-Rise Building Fires Under Low-Temperature Conditions	4
Development of High-Temperature Resistant Inclinometers for Structural Displacement Acquisition of the Buildings Subjected to Fire	4
Effect of Spacing Between the Double Pool Fires on the Flame Emissiviy and Temperature	4
Multi-objective Optimization for Exploring the Effectiveness of Building Mitigation Towards Reducing Urban Conflagrations	4
Downward Flame Spread Rate Over PMMA Rods Under External Radiant Heating	4
Water Spray Fire Suppression Tests Comparing Gasoline-Fuelled and Battery Electric Vehicles	4
Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Electrolytes and Slurries for Semi-Solid Lithium-ion Flow Battery	4
Influence of Tilt Angle on the Thermal Breakage Performance of Four-Sided Shaded Glass	4
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Effects of Fire Location on the Smoke Temperature Distribution in a Branched Tunnel	4
Fire Resistance Tests on Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns with Geopolymeric Recycled Aggregate	4
Correction: Understanding the Impact of Fuel on Surfactant Microstructure of Firefighting Foam	4
Effects of Fire Parameters on Critical Velocity in Curved Tunnels: A Numerical Study and Response Surface Analysis	4
Understanding Fire and Rescue Service Practices Through Problems and Problem-Solving Networks: An Analysis of a Critical Incident	4