Journal of Hydrology

Article	Citations
Publisher’s note	279
Editorial Board	188
A method for modeling the lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocities behind an emergent vegetation patch	174
Editorial Board	167
Editorial Board	158
Editorial Board	155
Simulating vertical soil nitrate migration induced by freeze–thaw cycles	153
Identifying impact factors of long-term ecological vulnerability using multivariate wavelet coherence analysis	147
Subtropical mangroves poleward shift to the Yangtze Estuary under different carbon emission scenarios	144
Effects of multiple future environmental changes on flooding in coastal area: Case study in Qianshan River Basin, South China	143
Ecological scaling effect of benthic species diversity based on Horton’s Laws	138
A data-assimilated SEAS5 forecasting framework for seasonal hydropower inflows in a snow-dominated basin	138
Editorial Board	135
Time-series hydrochemical analysis of an interwell flow test through a fractured aquifer and comparison against microbial community data	130
Hydrogeochemical processes of critical zone developed in Tégulines Clay, Paris Basin: Hydrogeochemical and multi-isotopic approach (δ13C, δD, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr and 14C)	129
Differences in watershed evaporation indicated by hydrogen and oxygen single and dual isotopes: Evidence from controlled simulation tests under different land uses	129
Robustness of critical soil moisture to curve-fitting methods and its variability with soil depth, soil texture, and climatic conditions: insights from lysimeter data in Germany	128
Corrigendum to “Development and evaluation of temperature-induced variable source area runoff generation model” [J. Hydrol. 610 (2022) 127894]	128
A regional assessment of the operational National Water Model in the San Francisco Bay area for the 2018–2019 water year	127
Weathered bedrock converts hydrological processes in loess hilly-gully critical zone	127
An improved sharp interface model for characterizing the transport and extraction of subsurface LNAPL	119
An integrated approach to obtain high-precision regional root water uptake maps	117
A time-varying autoregressive model for groundwater depth prediction	117
HieraBoost-Q: interpretable karst discharge prediction from multi-site electrical conductivity with SHAP-based mechanism insights	115
Synergizing machine learning and modified physical models for hydrology modeling: A case study of modified SIMHYD and TANK models	114

Post-fire effects on dissolved organic carbon concentrations in freshwater streams: a meta-analysis	111
Multi-model simulation performance of monthly water balance models for global catchments: Thresholds and structural sensitivity	111
Source identification of groundwater phosphorus under different geological settings in the central Yangtze River basin	110
Image analysis technique for quantifying fluorescein concentration profiles in clays	110
Enrichment effects of vegetation patches on soil water content depend on precipitation and vegetation conditions: A global meta-analysis	109
Climate modulation and intensity-stratified moisture sources in major global river basins	108
Lessons learned from the modeling of nature-based solutions for urban flood mitigation in Ottawa, Canada	108
Improved estimation of extreme floods with data pooling and mixed probability distribution	107
Integrated hydro-morphological assessment of the flood events and in-channel vegetation impacts on river channel morphology (Polish Western Carpathians)	106
Transition to transpiration-dominated evapotranspiration on the Loess Plateau: spatially divergent driving mechanism and threshold effect after two decades of reforestation	104
Characterizing soil water content variability across spatial scales from optimized high-resolution distributed temperature sensing technique	104
Impact analysis of short-term heavy rainfall on eolian sand slope stability by visualized experiments	103
Enhanced submarine groundwater discharge and freshening of a subterranean estuary from rain	101
Optimization of cellular automata-based routing using discrete Boltzmann model for urban pedestrian evacuation during flooding	98
Robust discharge prediction of seasonal snow-influenced karst systems through hybridization of process-based and data-driven models	97
Effects of multi-year droughts on the precipitation-runoff relationship: An integrated analysis of meteorological, hydrological, and compound droughts	97
A new approach of coupled long-range forecasts for streamflow and groundwater level	97
Impact of changing recharge on a sole-source coastal aquifer: multi-model assessment for Virginia’s Eastern Shore	97
Seasonal wet–dry transition and denitrifying communities contributed to nitrous oxide emissions in the water-level fluctuating zone of the largest freshwater lake in China	96
A novel semi-numerical infiltration model combining conceptual and physically based approaches	94
Diagnosing evaporation in heterogeneous alpine basins using the generalized complementary relationship model integrated with the Budyko framework	93
The recharge illusion: How seasonal surface loading can hide continuing groundwater resource declines in confined deltaic aquifers	93
Identifying the influence of episodic events on groundwater recharge in semi-arid environments using environmental tracers	92
Application of the extreme gradient boosting method to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of radon anomalous change in Banglazhang hot spring before the Lijiang Mw 7.0 earthquake	91
An analytical model for chloride transport in coastal sediments under long-term sedimentation	91
Direct, geodetic and simulated mass balance studies of the Kolahoi Glacier in the Kashmir Himalaya, India	90
Nutritional status of the reservoir tributary backwater area and implications for nutrient control	90
Flood control in transboundary river basins through joint operation of key riparian reservoirs	89
Examining the performance of precipitation products in characterizing the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) using triple collocation	88
Rare bacterial taxa drive the ecosystem multifunctionality in lake water-level-fluctuating zone during seasonal water level fluctuations	88
Uncertainties in discharge predictions based on microwave link rainfall estimates in a small urban catchment	87
Modeling the effects of vegetation dynamics on the hydrological performance of a bioretention system	87
Predicting the interrill erosion rate on hillslopes incorporating soil aggregate stability on the Loess Plateau of China	86
Investigating multiple causes of time-varying SMAP soil moisture biases based on core validation sites data	86
The subreach effect: Multi-scale analysis reveals climate and irrigation infrastructure effects on flow intermittency in a regulated desert river	86
Combining 14CDOC and 81Kr with hydrochemical data to identify recharge processes in the South German Molasse Basin	85
Assessing the impact of groundwater seepage on hydrologic features and processes in a watershed modeling setting	84
Controls of streambed sediment heterogeneity and dynamic microbial biomass growth on nitrous oxide dynamics in hyporheic zones	84
Forecasting regional water demand using multi-fidelity data and harris hawks optimization of generalized regression neural network models – A case study of Heilongjiang Province, China	84
Two-dimensional modeling of the impact of surface coverage on the evaporation and hydrodynamics of a shallow tropical reservoir	84
A comparative study of physics-informed neural network strategies for modeling water and nitrogen transport in unsaturated soils	83
Predicting microbiological contamination in urban rivers: an event-based indicator approach applied to the Seine river during the 2024 Paris olympic and paralympic games	83
Global soil moisture dynamics under future scenarios: evaluation-constrained multi-model ensemble and climatic attribution analysis	83
Unraveling the nexus: exploring river-groundwater interaction as the primary driver of eutrophication in river ecosystems	82
Satellite-informed simulation of irrigation in South Asia: Opportunities and uncertainties	82
Editorial Journal of Hydrology: Increased flow leads to editorial change and innovation	82
Improving total phosphorus prediction and monitoring in data scarce streams using a hybrid machine learning framework	80
Land use alters dissolved organic matter in the three gorges reservoir area: Direct and indirect impacts	80
Manifold embedding in geostatistical inversion: Redefining optimality in subsurface characterization	80
Advancing groundwater vulnerability assessment to nitrate contamination: a comprehensive evaluation of index-based, statistical, and machine learning approaches with sensitivity analysis	80

Analyzing the streamflow-suspended sediment synchronization across major Indian river basins using cross recurrence analysis	80
Stepwise tracer-based hydrograph separation to quantify contributions of multiple sources of streamflow in a large glacierized catchment over the Tibetan Plateau	80
Prediction of flood risk levels of urban flooded points though using machine learning with unbalanced data	80
Dominant factors determining the hydraulic conductivity of sedimentary aquitards: A random forest approach	79
Error modeling and hierarchical Bayesian fusion for spaceborne and ground radar rainfall data	79
Application of weather post-processing methods for operational ensemble hydrological forecasting on multiple catchments in Canada	79
Analytical solution for one-dimensional water infiltration in rooted soils before and after ponding	79
Unsupervised anomaly detection in hourly water demand data using an asymmetric encoder–decoder model	78
Geostationary satellite observations reveal diurnal dynamics of particulate organic carbon in optically complex lakes	78
RainMerge: a two-stage framework for gauge-independent merging of multiple rainfall products	77
A regionally based method to identify lithology-specific hydraulic conductivity distributions in shallow aquifers using catchment-scale effective values	76
Enrichment mechanisms of lithium for the geothermal springs in the southern Tibet, China	76
Quantification of solute transport in a fracture-matrix system using geoelectrical monitoring	76
Geographic heterogeneity of activation functions in urban real-time flood forecasting: Based on seasonal trend decomposition using Loess-Temporal Convolutional Network-Gated Recurrent Unit model	76
Characterization of periods of high and low hydrological activity in the Loire River, France, between the 14th and mid-19th centuries	75
A formula for quantifying the overflow discharge capacity of street inlet in a surcharged urban drainage system	75
Evolution of spatiotemporal variations in snow in the Tianshan Mountains and Pamir, Central Asia: An investigation by historical and projected dynamic downscaling simulations	75
Machine learning unravels controls on river water temperature regime dynamics	75
Temporal dynamics and potential driving mechanisms of bacterioplankton communities in lake ecosystems: Insights from water diversion events	74
Assessing the influence of green stormwater infrastructure implemented for combined sewer overflow control on urban streamflows	74
Hydrogeochemical and hydrogeological controls on spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater phosphorus in a Lake Basin	73
Contribution of summer net precipitation to winter river discharge in permafrost zone of the Lena River basin	73
Climate change paradox: worsening droughts amidst increasing average precipitation across South Korea	73
Using tritium and radiocarbon activities to constrain regional modern and fossil groundwater mixing in Southern Africa	73
Investigating the effects of spatial heterogeneity of multi-source profile soil moisture on spatial–temporal processes of high-resolution floods	72
Storage–supply regulation and rainfall responses driven by thermokarst lakes in permafrost-degrading catchments	72
An integrated distributed robust optimization framework for agricultural water-food-energy management integrating ecological impact and dynamic water cycle processes	72
Characteristics of water vapor isotopes and moisture sources for short-duration heavy rainfall events in Nanjing, eastern China	71
Evaluating the effects of water exchange between surface rivers and karst aquifers on surface flood simulations at different watershed scales	71
Unraveling dissolved inorganic nitrogen dynamics in a sandy beach: The role of tidal forces and aquifer heterogeneity	71
Hydrological response to glacier peak water in the largest inland river basin of China	70
Coordinated regulation of inter-basin water transfer projects and cascade reservoirs incorporating fairness and efficiency	70
Neural operator-based multi-objective optimization for spatiotemporal data-informed seepage parameter identification: a case study on deep overburden in a dam foundation	70
Energy conversion for water surface evaporation in evaporation ponds with different depths and improvement of Dalton model	70
High-resolution snow water equivalent estimation derived from downscaled snow depth and non-constant snow density in Chinese Altai Mountains	70
Pore-scale observations of CO2 thermodynamic properties and dissolution trapping in porous media	69
Quantitatively linking karst groundwater quality to hierarchical recharge via uncertainty-aware Bayesian coupling	69
Dissolved inorganic carbon export from rivers of Great Britain: Spatial distribution and potential catchment-scale controls	69
Error characterization of global land evapotranspiration products: Collocation-based approach	68
Urban stormwater bioretention reduces runoff and improves water quality: A global meta-analysis of field studies	68
Stream restoration strategies often designed to perform in baseflow may be ineffective in stormflow regarding nonpoint pollution abatement	68
Multi-layer flow field mapping in a small-scale shallow water reservoir by coastal acoustic tomography	68
Development of a method to assess synergy and competition for water use among water-energy-food nexus in the Yellow River basin: Water quantity-quality dimensions	67
A novel rapid flood mapping model based on social media and GF-3 satellite imagery	67
Critical source areas identification and reduction plan of non-point source pollution in a typical community in a plain river network city, China	66
Predicting multiphase flow behavior of methane in shallow unconfined aquifers using conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network	66
Estimation of water required to recover from agricultural drought: Perspective from regression and probabilistic analysis methods	66
DFEAT: A multifaceted yearly Drought FEature Assessment Tool from daily soil water content	66
Seawater intrusion in river delta systems. Inter-annual dynamics and drivers of salinity variations in the southern Mekong Delta, Vietnam	66
A runoff prediction approach based on machine learning, ensemble forecasting and error correction: A case study of source area of Yellow River	66
Divergent rainfall infiltration patterns on the Chinese Loess Plateau between growing and non-growing seasons after long-term revegetation	66
Modeling competitive-cooperative relationship between flood control and hydropower generation within hierarchical gaming structure of reservoir operation	66
Evaluation of cloud seeding on the securement of additional water resources in the Boryeong Dam Basin, Korea	66
Environmental changes promoted vegetation growth and reduced water yield over the temperate semi-arid grassland of China during 1901–2016	65
A superior soil–water characteristic curve for correcting the Arya-Paris model based on particle size distribution	65
Evolution prediction and spatiotemporal analysis of suspended sediment distribution in the Liao River estuary − a deep learning perspective	65
Quantifying the superimposed effects of drought-flood abrupt alternation stress on vegetation dynamics of the Wei River Basin in China	65
A novel efficient and robust treatment of the friction source term in 2D shallow water inundation models	65
A low-cost model for slug tests in a confined aquifer with skin-zone effect	65
Transport and retention of nanobubbles in saturated porous media: Overlooked role of grain size and shape	65
Patterns of long-term variations of nitrate concentration – Stream discharge relationships for a drained agricultural watershed in Mid-western USA	65
Machine learning-assisted check dam planning on the Chinese Loess Plateau	65
Integrating Landsat and MODIS data to assess long-term inundation patterns and vegetation response in wetland ecosystems	64
Sociohydrological model structure deficiency assessment and hybrid model selection	64
Characterizing nitrogen dynamics and their response to sediment dredging in a lowland rural river	64
Effects of rainfall on the karst-related carbon cycle due to carbonate rock weathering induced by H2SO4 and/or HNO3	64
Assessing bed shear stress effects on flow resistance of vegetated channel beds through Leaf Area Index (	64
Attributing changes in evapotranspiration and runoff across the continental U.S. using the Budyko hypothesis combined with the Shuttleworth-Wallace model	64
Assessing the potential of temperature/vegetation index space to infer soil moisture over Ganga Basin	63
Increasingly frequent co-occurrence of drought or pluvial in multiple tributaries of the Yangtze River basin	63
Evolution of streamflow intensity, regional synergistic patterns, and driving mechanisms of the Yangtze River	63
Verifying model performance using validation of Pareto solutions	63
EKLT: Kolmogorov-Arnold attention-driven LSTM with Transformer model for river water level prediction	62
A transition zone boundary determining method based on MIKE21: A case study of Baiyangdian Lake, North China	62
Hydrogeochemical and health implications of rare earth elements in groundwater: A review	62
Assessing compound flood hazards in the Pearl river Delta: A Scenario-Based Integration of trivariate fluvial conditions and extreme storm events	62
Field, plant, to leaf: A meta-analysis on crop water use efficiency response to potassium fertilization	62
Predicting future well performance for environmental remediation design using deep learning	62
Improved soil moisture estimation and detection of irrigation signal by incorporating SMAP soil moisture into the Indian Land Data Assimilation System (ILDAS)	62
U-RNN high-resolution spatiotemporal nowcasting of urban flooding	61

Improving daily precipitation estimation in the data scarce area by merging rain gauge and TRMM data with a transfer learning framework	60
Water infiltration characteristic curve of extremely water-repellent sandy soils	60
Improving terrestrial evapotranspiration estimation using physics-guided machine learning model driven by solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence	60
A physically-informed long short-term memory-based tool for predicting extensive droughts in the distant future	60
Unveiling an Environmental Drought Index and its applicability in the perspective of drought recognition amidst climate change	60
What is the current state and potential for hydrologic models to simulate vegetation dynamically?	59
Urban flood modeling and forecasting with deep neural operator and transfer learning	59
A mechanistic, distributed model for coupled simulation of soil water-plant, groundwater and surface flow system in arid/semi-arid agricultural watersheds (SurfMOD)—Model description and evaluation	59
Evaluation of spatial downscaling for satellite retrieval of evapotranspiration from the nonparametric approach in an arid area	59
Groundwater controls on legacy antibiotics and pesticides in an intensive agricultural headwater catchment	59
Repeating patterns in runoff time series: A basis for exploring hydrologic similarity of precipitation and catchment wetness conditions	58
Investigation of rainfall disaggregation with flexible timescales based on point process models	58
Unraveling atmospheric moisture transport linkages to extreme precipitation events and associated synoptic features over India	58
Quantifying changes and trends of NO3 concentrations and concentration-discharge relationships in a complex, heavily managed, drought-sensitive river system	58
Pedestrian dynamics in flooding disasters: an experimental study of unidirectional pedestrian flow under multiple water depths	58
Near-infrared surveillance video-based rain gauge	58
The intercomparison of six 0.1°×0.1° spatial resolution evapotranspiration products across mainland China	58
Multiscale fractures integrated equivalent porous media method for simulating flow and solute transport in fracture-matrix system	57
Combining signal decomposition and deep learning model to predict noisy runoff coefficient	57
Local scour around bridge abutments: Assessment of accuracy and conservatism	57
Hydro-climatological drivers of the unprecedented flooding in August 2022 along the Tarim River, China	57
Fuzzy composite risk assessment of water-energy-food-carbon nexus in the dispark pumped irrigation system	56
Controls on the stable isotope composition of daily precipitation in Sydney Australia: 9 years of daily data, including Radon-222	56
Towards more accurate estimation of methane emissions from urban lakes: Unraveling the impact of diel variation	56
Potential of ground-penetrating radar to calibrate electromagnetic induction for shallow soil water content estimation	56
Improved identification and monitoring of meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts using the modified nonstationary drought indices in the Yellow River Basin of China	55
A model for predicting permeability evolution of organic-contaminated clays capturing corrosion effect	55
TPE-CatBoost: An adaptive model for soil moisture spatial estimation in the main maize-producing areas of China with multiple environment covariates	55
Optimizing groundwater radium end-members in submarine groundwater discharge estimation by incorporating groundwater flow information	55
Untangling the effects of climate change and land use/cover change on spatiotemporal variation of evapotranspiration over China	55
Hydrological response to land use change under low carbon-optimal economic scenario	55
Identification of compound flood-heatwave extremes in the Yangtze River Basin and their socio-economic exposure	54
Spatio-temporal variations in global surface soil moisture based on multiple datasets: Intercomparison and climate drivers	54
Divergent nonlinear trends of global drought and its multivariate characteristics	54
Evaluating and modeling rill detachment and resistance in different rates and particle sizes of biochar application on the Loess Plateau of China	54
The impact of complex terrain on urban flood resilience under extreme rainfall events	54
Field experiment on the spatiotemporal evolution of soil moisture in a rainfall-induced loess landslide: Implications for early warning	54
Evaluation of ECOSTRESS evapotranspiration estimates over heterogeneous landscapes in the continental US	54
Contrasting effects of increasing irrigation efficiency on hydrological drought based on hydrological scenario simulations	54
Impact of Three Gorges Dam construction on spatiotemporal variations in the hydrodynamic regime of Poyang Lake (China)	54
Pay-for-practice or Pay-for-performance? A coupled agent-based evaluation tool for assessing sediment management incentive policies	54
An integrated study of the spatiotemporal character, pollution assessment, and migration mechanism of heavy metals in the groundwater of a subtropical mangrove wetland	53
Future climate change exacerbates streamflow depletion in the Wei River Basin, China	53
Deep learning in hydrology and water resources disciplines: concepts, methods, applications, and research directions	53
Developing a cost-effective emulator for groundwater flow modeling using deep neural operators	53
Real-time integrated water availability – Salt intrusion modelling and management during droughts	53
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity on runoff and sediment load in the upper Yangtze River (above Yibin): a new perspective from tributaries hydrologic data	53
Modified Kozeny-Carman equation for estimating hydraulic conductivity in nanoscale pores of clayey soils with active surfaces	53
Influence of meteorological elements and inflow pollution loads on cyanobacterial blooms trends: An integrated environmental fluid dynamics code model and comprehensive trend detection method	53
Heavy metals in the water-level-fluctuation zone soil of the three Gorges Reservoir, China: Remobilization and catchment-wide transportation	53
Daily suspended sediment concentration forecast in the upper reach of Yellow River using a comprehensive integrated deep learning model	53
Future hydrological drought changes over the upper Yellow River basin: The role of climate change, land cover change and reservoir operation	52
Inter-comparison and integration of different soil moisture downscaling methods over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau	52
Improved non-stationary SPEI and its application in drought monitoring in China	52
Analysis of cross-sectional solute concentration profiles from pulsed point sources in 3D steady flow	52
A framework for identifying propagation from meteorological to ecological drought events	52
Permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau is degrading: Historical and projected trends	52
Exports of organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen from Sichuan Basin: A critical region regulating water quality of the Upper Yangtze River, China	52
Numerical modeling of redox-sensitive transformations in a dynamic capillary fringe	52
Quantitative characterization of resilience and analysis of driving mechanisms in the water-energy-food nexus system of major grain-producing regions	52
High-dimensional inverse modeling of hydraulic tomography by physics informed neural network (HT-PINN)	52
Model-based evaluation of reduction strategies for point and nonpoint source Cd pollution in a large river system	52
Automated calibration of Noah-MP land surface model for improved irrigation representation in the North China Plain	52
Large-scale atmospheric teleconnections and spatiotemporal variability of extreme rainfall indices across India	52
Stable isotope composition of surface waters across the Pamir, Central Asia: Implications of precipitation seasonality	51
Scenario analysis of local storylines to represent uncertainty in complex human-water systems	51
Response of nitrogen removal performance of bioretention cells to rainfall based on Chicago method	51
Parsimonious streamflow forecasting system based on a dynamical systems approach	51
Miscellaneous methods for determination of unfrozen water content in frozen soils	51
Evaluation of NASA POWER and ERA5-Land for estimating tropical precipitation and temperature extremes	51
Super-resolution downscaling of projected future potential evapotranspiration over China	51
Exploring the influence of training sampling strategies on time-series deep learning model in hydrology	51
Hydrogeochemical analysis and paleo-hydrogeological modeling of shallow groundwater salinization processes in North China Plain	51
A hybrid process-data driven framework for real-time hydrological forecasting with interpretable deep learning	51
An integrated framework for simultaneously modeling primary and secondary salinity at a watershed scale	51
Corrigendum to “Straw return enhances nitrogen loss from groundwater in agricultural areas by triggering the switch from DNRA to denitrification”. [J. Hydrol. 662 (2025) 133818]	51
Global evolution of inland water levels: drying-speed analysis using ICESat-2 ATL13	50
New particle tracking method for 2D steady-state groundwater flow around wells: A modified algorithm using the stream function	50
A modified approach to determine mean sediment load and related discharge indices for suspended sediment transport	50
RetroSight and ForeSight ensemble model (ReForM) for improved time series prediction: A case study on river temperature prediction	50
A multi-hybrid model approach optimizing discharge forecasts in karst catchment under climate change	50
A graph neural network using physical attributes to improve the system-wide nodal water-level prediction in sparsely monitored urban drainage systems	50
Parametrization and model development for simulating redox reactions related to degradation of natural organic matter in managed aquifer recharge	50
Evolution trends and driving factors of groundwater storage, recharge, and discharge in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Study progress and challenges	49
Characterizing reservoir boundaries using the shallow strain tensor measured during well tests	49
Evaluating the use of structure-from-motion photogrammetry to monitor eroding banks of the black vermillion river in northeast Kansas	49
Identifying the distribution of groundwater discharge in a curved river	49
Editorial Board	49
Understanding groundwater storage and drainage dynamics of a high mountain catchment with complex geology using a semi-distributed process-based modelling approach	48
Improvement in water quality facilitates the recovery of multitrophic aquatic communities	48
Impact of argillaceous sediment consolidation on groundwater quality evolution: new insights from numerical simulations of porewater and solute release	48
Simultaneous identification of a non-point contaminant source with Gaussian spatially distributed release and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in an aquifer using the LES-MDA method	48
Fifty years of monitoring coastal aquifer dynamics: climate and human forcing effects on the transition zone assessed via electrical conductivity depth profiles	48
Multi-task neural network combined with multi-source data for inversion of discrete fracture network apertures: Aperture-XNET	48
Vadose zone analytical algorithm (VZAA): a non-iterative algorithm for vadose zone soil moisture and groundwater recharge	48