OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Metrologia is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-04-01 to 2025-04-01.)

Article	Citations
Measurement of melting and freezing temperature of iron using radiation thermometry	60
CCQM-K91.2022 key comparison on pH of an unknown phthalate buffer	29
Small mass value realization equivalent to accuracy class E1 using the Planck-Balance at PTB	27
International comparison CCQM-P229 pilot study to measure line intensities of selected ¹²C¹⁶O transitions	26
CCQM-P123 number and geometric property of cells adhered to a solid substrate	21
Final report of the supplementary comparison between NIMT and LNE on pressure standards in the range 50 MPa to 500 MPa of hydraulic gauge pressure	21
Corrigendum: Detection and identification of faults in clock ensembles with the generalized likelihood ratio test (2022 Metrologia 59 045010)	18
Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V standards between the NSAI (Ireland) and the BIPM, May to June 2024 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)	17
Key comparison CCQM-K179 - polar analyte in solid organic material: mass fraction of oxytetracycline hydrochloride salt	17
APMP.M.H-S5 final report of the supplementary comparison of Brinell hardness	16
International complimentary bilateral study SIM.QM-S3	16
CCQM-P206, nitrous oxide (N₂O) in air, ambient level, pilot study run in parallel with CCQM-K68.2019	15
Editorial for the Metrologia Focus Issue on Length Metrology	14
Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V standards between CSIR-NPL (India) and the BIPM, April to June 2022 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)	14
Traceability for nuclear medicine: the status of primary radioactivity standards	14
International comparison CCQM-K3.2019 automotive exhaust gases	14
A further short history of the SI prefixes	13
International comparison CCQM-K150: particle number concentration (100 to 20 000 cm^-3) and particle charge concentration (0.15 to 3 fC cm^-3)	13
Evaluation of the relativistic redshift in frequency standards at KRISS	12
COOMET regional comparison of the national standards of air kerma for x-radiation qualities used for radiation protection and diagnostic radiology (COOMET.RI(I)-S3)	12
Bilateral comparison of irradiance scales between PMOD/WRC and PTB for longwave downward radiation measurements	12
Monitoring of the offset between UTC and its prediction broadcast by the GNSS	12
ITS-90 SPRT calibration from the Ar TP to the Zn FP	12
Key comparison study - organic solvent calibration solution - gravimetric preparation and value assignment of deoxynivalenol (DON) in acetonitrile (ACN)	11
Euramet RMO supplementary comparison low pressure air flow between 25m³/h and 400 m³/h	11

Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K5 of the air-kerma standards of the BEV, Austria and the BIPM in ¹³⁷Cs gamma radiation	11
Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V standards between DEFNAT (Tunisia) and the BIPM, April to June 2022 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)	11
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with EMPA, June 2023	11
Supplementary comparison of national standard instruments in the field of magnetic flux density and magnetic flux measurements by sensing coils	11
Noise-induced servo errors in optical clocks utilizing Rabi interrogation	11
Traceable methods for calibrating condensation particle counters at concentrations down to 1 cm⁻³	10
Supplementary comparison for the traceability of AC high voltage reference measuring systems up to 200 kV (EURAMET.EM-S33)	10
APMP key comparison of luminous intensity (APMP.PR-K3.a): final report	10
Determination of elements in river water	10
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ga-67 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ⁶⁷Ga to include the 2023 result of the CMI (Czechia)	10
RMO SC comparison COOMET.M.H-S3	9
Report of the CCRI(II) supplementary international comparison of measurement of activity per unit mass of Cs-134 and Cs-137 in wheat flour (CCRI(II)-S13)	9
Final report on the key comparison CCAUV.A-K6	9
Final report on the EURAMET key comparison EURAMET AUV.V-K5	9
CCQM-K161 "Anions in Seawater"	9
Comparison of liquid density measurements among SIM NMIs - SIM.M.D-S7	9
Corrigendum: Calibrating spectrometers for measurements of the spectral irradiance caused by solar radiation (2020 Metrologia 57 065027)	9
Final report of APMP.AUV.V-S2: supplementary comparison on calibration of laser tachometers using mechanical generators or optical simulators	9
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K1 of the air-kerma standards of the NMIJ, Japan and the BIPM in ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation	9
Use of bidirectional transmittance distribution function measurements to determine transmittance haze	8
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with NMC-A*STAR, July 2022	8
SIM Thermocouple Type S Supplementary Comparison	8
Temperature dependence correction method of LED filament lamp for total luminous flux calibration based on voltage measurement	8
Proposal for the dimensionally consistent treatment of angle and solid angle by the International System of Units (SI)	8
Characterization of the collisional frequency shift in an atomic fountain clock using absorption imaging	8
Wavemeter calibration by frequency comb	8
Toward a unified formulation of the acoustic transfer admittance of cylindrical cavities for reciprocity calibration of microphones	7
APMP key comparison report of air kerma for ¹³⁷Cs (APMP.RI(I)-K5)	7
A numerical investigation of effective optical characteristics of dielectric mixture layer on Si sphere by FDTD method	7
Calibration of gauge blocks by optical interferometry comparison - final report	7
EURAMET Key Comparison EURAMET.M.D-K4.2020: Hydrometer calibration comparison from 600 kg/m³ to 2000 kg/m³	7
A Bayesian statistical method for large-scale MEMS-based sensors calibration: a case study on 100 digital accelerometers	7
Supplementary comparison CCRI(I)-S3 of standards for absorbed dose to water in ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation at radiation processing dose levels	7
Report on EURAMET supplementary comparison on measurement of a 1 mm stage micrometer	7
SIM.T-K9.3: Standard platinum resistance thermometer ITS-90 realizations from the Hg triple point to the Zn freezing point	7
Corrigendum: Corrections to a proposal for three categories of units within the SI (2024 Metrologia 61 033001)	7
Measuring and adjusting the distance between the center of mass and optical center of a free-falling body in an absolute gravimeter	7
Elements in lipstick material	7
Comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K6 of the standards for absorbed dose to water of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM, in accelerator photon beams	6
Automatic alignment technique for the suspended coil in the joule balance	6
SIM.M.P-S8 final report	6
Corrigendum: Refractive index gas thermometry between 13.8 K and 161.4 K (2021 Metrologia 58 025008)	6
Realization and evaluation of the triple point of sulfur hexafluoride	6
Final report on EURAMET key comparison EURAMET.M.D-K2.2 (1523)	6
Final report on CCQM-K167: carbon isotope delta measurements of vanillin	6
Final report of APMP comparison of mass standards APMP.M.M-K5 (Sub-) multiples mass key comparison	6
Supplementary comparisons of DC high voltage measuring reference instruments COOMET 449Ru-a08 (COOMET_EM-S7)	6
Decadal validation of the LASP TRF cryogenic radiometer by NIST, and establishment of a replacement room temperature standard*	6
Assay of sodium carbonate	6
Comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K6 of the standards for absorbed dose to water of the NRC, Canada and the BIPM in accelerator photon beams	6

CCQM-K160: platinum group elements in automotive catalyst	6
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K4 of the absorbed dose to water standards of the NIM, China and the BIPM in ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation	5
Key comparison study on peptide purity - hexapeptide of HbA0	5
Primary standard for traceability in low liquid hydrocarbon fuel flow rates	5
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ge-68 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ⁶⁸Ge to include the 2021 result of the NIM (China)	5
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K7 of the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in mammography x-rays	5
On the rationale for recent updates to the SI Brochure concerning angles and quantities with the unit one	5
Adoption of ICRU report 90 recommendations in the Canadian Co-60 air-kerma primary standard	5
Measurement of bidirectional transmittance distribution function in the visible and near-infrared spectral range	5
Final report on the CCPR Key Comparison CCPR-K3.2014 Luminous Intensity	5
Instrumentation and uncertainty evaluation for absolute characterization of thin films and nanostructured surfaces in advanced optical metrology	5
Supplementary comparisons of national standards of ratio error and phase displacement of AC voltage of power frequency COOMET 411/RU-a/07 (COOMET.EM-S6)	5
Conversion of a piston–cylinder dimensional dataset to the effective area of a mechanical pressure generator	5
News from the BIPM laboratories—2023	5
Calibration of angle standards	5
Final report of CCQM-P225a and b, international comparison on carbon dioxide in air and nitrogen at ambient levels (350 μmol/mol to 800 μmol/mol)	5
Flexures for Kibble balances: minimizing the effects of anelastic relaxation	5
Role of measurement uncertainty in the comparison of average areal rainfall methods	5
Final report for SIM.QM-S12: supplementary comparison for trace elements in natural water	5
Line intensities of CO near 1560 nm measured with absorption and dispersion spectroscopy	5
A ⁸⁷Sr optical lattice clock with 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁷ uncertainty and its absolute frequency measurement	5
Novel developments of refractive power measurement techniques in the automotive world	5
Comparison between four integer ambiguity resolved PPP GNSS time transfer software solutions	5
The candela realisation using molybdenum carbon fixed-point blackbody	4
Relating SI units to the ‘defining constants’	4
Comparison report between NIM and CMS of the ITS-90 realization at the triple point of argon	4
COOMET key comparison COOMET.PR-K1.a.2018 for spectral irradiance 250 nm to 2500 nmm, final report	4
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with DHMZ, July 2022	4
Thickness and refractive index measurements of a thin-film using an artificial neural network algorithm	4
Comparison of low air speed facilities	4
A robust time scale for space applications using the student’s t-distribution	4
Statistics for quantifying aging in time transfer system delays	4
Final report on EURAMET key comparison EURAMET.M.D-K2.1 (1522)	4
Bilateral comparison of 1 Ω and 10 kΩ standards (ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K13) between the NPLI (India) and the BIPM	4
High-fidelity analysis of the electro-optical non-equivalence of planar electrical substitution radiometers^*	4
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K8 of high dose-rate ¹⁹²Ir brachytherapy standards for reference air kerma rate of the VSL and the BIPM	4
Final report on GULFMET supplementary comparison of high current transformer measuring systems (GULFMET.EM-S7)	3
Characterization of the LED filament lamp for luminous intensity calibration	3
Report on the key comparison, CCM.F-K23 in force at 200 N and 500 N	3
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K4 of the absorbed dose to water standards of the NRC, Canada and the BIPM in ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation	3
Achieving traceability to UTC through GNSS measurements	3
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Na-22 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ²²Na to include the 2022 result of the NMISA (South Africa)	3
Final report of CCQM-K96.2023: assay of potassium dichromate	3
CIPM key comparison of viscosity CCM.V-K4	3
Determination of sensitivity coefficients and their uncertainties in Rockwell hardness measurement: a Monte Carlo method for multiple linear regression	3
A constant pressure flowmeter for extreme-high vacuum	3
Impact study of numerical discretization accuracy on parameter reconstructions and model parameter distributions	3
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of silicon-28 single crystal for realization of the kilogram	3
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the BFKH, Hungary, and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays	3
Traceable quantitative analysis of Ag_xCu_1−x alloy films by ID ICP-MS, RBS and MEIS	3
Quantum plasmonic sensing by Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometry	3
Report on comparison EURAMET.M.M-S10 (comparison of sub-multiples of the kilogram)	3
Extension of NIM illuminance scale to very low levels (1 × 10⁻¹⁰ lx to 2 lx)	3
CCAUV.W-K2 final report - key comparison CCAUV.W-K2: calibration of hydrophones in the frequency range from 250 Hz to 500 kHz	3
Supplementary comparison of national measurement standards of gauge pressure in the range from 1 MPa to 10 MPa	3
Angles in the SI: a detailed proposal for solving the problem	3
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K4 of the absorbed dose to water standards of the BFKH, Hungary and the BIPM in ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation	3
Final report of APMP.AUV.V-S1: supplementary comparison on calibration of laser tachometers using mechanical generators	3
AFRIMETS.EM-S2: comparison on digital multimeter for DC voltage, DC current, DC resistance, AC voltage and AC current parameters	3
Femtosecond-comb based 10 MHz-to-optical frequency link with uncertainty at the 10⁻¹⁸ level	3
New beta primary standard (BPS2) and revised ISO 6980 at PTB	3
Bilateral key comparison EURAMET.EM-K11.1 "AC-DC Voltage Transfer Difference at Low Voltages"	3
EURAMET.T-K.7 Comparison : Inter-laboratory comparison of triple point of water cells	3
The CCL-K11 on-going key comparison. Final report for the period 2018 to 2020	3
The influence of time varying magnetic fields on the determinations of Newton’s constant at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures	3
Remote time and frequency calibration with holdover traceability from a new treatment of non-white noise in rubidium clocks	3
Speed of sound measurements and derived third and fourth acoustic virial coefficients of supercritical neon	3
Report of subsequent key comparison CCQM - K73.2018.2 amount content of H+ in hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol/kg-1)	3
Improved absolute frequency measurement of the strontium ion clock using a GPS link to the SI second	3
SIM key comparison in pneumatic gauge pressure for high accuracy pressure balances up to 120 kPa (SIM.M.P-K6)	3
Practical realisation of the kelvin by Johnson noise thermometry	3
Connector effects and reference plane influence in the N-Type connector	3
Final report of the EURAMET supplementary comparison of mass standards of 20kg	3
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Mn-54 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ⁵⁴Mn to include the 2024 result of the POLATOM (Poland)	3
Key comparison study on peptide purity - glycated hexapeptide of HbA1c	3
CCQM-K68.2019, nitrous oxide (N₂O) in air, ambient level, final report	3
Towards traceable dynamic pressure calibration using a shock tube with an optical probe for accurate phase determination	3
The CIPM MRA—success and performance	3
Acoustic measurement of the triple point of neon T _Ne and thermodynamic calibration of a transfer standard for accurate cryogenic thermometry	3
CIPM key comparison CCPR-K1.a.2017 for spectral irradiance 250 nm to 2500 nm. Final report	3

Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Sn-113 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ¹¹³Sn to include the 2017 result of the LNE-LNHB (France)	3
The CCL-K11 ongoing key comparison. Final report for 2021	2
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K1 of the air-kerma standards of the NIST, USA and the BIPM in ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation	2
Research on a time scale algorithm based on multi-dimensional weighted average	2
Terahertz frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer with four-octave measurable bandwidth and 16-digit precision	2
Spectral irradiance scale realization and uncertainty analysis based on a 14 mm diameter WC–C fixed point blackbody from 250 nm to 2500 nm	2
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with INRIM, February 2022	2
Gas flow standards and their uncertainty	2
Dark uncertainty in key comparisons in the gas analysis area	2
Final report to the CCT on key comparison CCT-K8 - comparison of local realisations of dew-point temperature of humid gas in the range 30 °C to 95 °C	2
CCQM Key Comparison track A CCQM-K168: Non-polar analytes in high carbohydrate food matrix: trans-zearalenone in maize powder	2
Final report, onoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with UBA, July 2023	2
Final report of CCQM-K172 on measurement of Specific Adsorption A [mol/kg] of Ar on zeolite at liquid argon temperature (to enable a traceable determination of the Specific Surface Area by following I	2
Measurement of average mass attenuation coefficient of air for ¹³⁷Cs gamma-ray irradiation beam	2
Bilateral Comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V Standards between the SMD (Belgium) and the BIPM, October to December 2021 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11)	2
Coherent fiber links operated for years: effect of missing data	2
Economic optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment: 2. Process with unknown systematic effect	2
Precise density measurement and its uncertainty evaluation for refractory liquid metals over 3000 K using electrostatic levitation	2
Economic optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment: 1. Process with no systematic effect	2
Rejection sampling for Bayesian uncertainty evaluation using the Monte Carlo techniques of GUM-S1	2
Final report on pilot study CCQM-P211: carbon isotope delta measurements of vanillin	2
On the uncertainties in the realization of the kelvin based on thermodynamic temperatures of high-temperature fixed-point cells	2
Corrigendum: Measurement of thermodynamic temperature between 5 K and 24.5 K with Single-Pressure Refractive-Index Gas Thermometry (2020 Metrologia 57 065006)	2
Primary calibration system for digital accelerometers	2
The CCL-K11 ongoing key comparison. Final report for 2023	2
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K8 of high dose-rate ¹⁹²Ir brachytherapy standards for reference air kerma rate of the NPL and the BIPM	2
A bilateral comparison of ²²⁷Th activity standards between National Physical Laboratory and National Institute of Standards and Technology	2
Activity measurements of the radionuclides ¹⁸F, ⁶⁴Cu, ^99mTc and ¹¹C for the NRC, Canada, in the ongoing comparisons BIPM.RI(II)-K4 series and KCRV update in	2
International comparison CCQM-K10.2018: BTEX in nitrogen at 5 nmol mol⁻¹	2
Supplementary comparisons of reference measuring systems of electric capacitance and loss dissipation factor on AC high voltage of power frequency COOMET 604/RU-a/13 (COOMET.EM-S18)	2
EURAMET.M.FF-S13 final report	2
PAWG Pilot Study on Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody - Part 1	2
Mass fraction assignment of Bisphenol-A high purity material	2
Detection and identification of faults in clock ensembles with the generalized likelihood ratio test	2
Supplementary comparison of the measurement of the alpha and beta particle surface emission rates from large area sources (CCRI(II)-S10 LASCE)	2
On the dimension of angles and their units	2
A bilateral comparison of NIST and PTB laser power standards for scale realization confidence by gravitational wave observatories	2
Effects of rotation errors on goniometric measurements	2
Anomaly detection for atomic clocks using unsupervised machine learning algorithms	2
A comparison in conventional mass measurements SIM.M.M-S6	2
Observation of systematic deviations between Faraday cup aerosol electrometers for varying particle sizes and flow rates—results of the AEROMET FCAE workshop	2
APMP key comparison of AC-DC current transfer standards: final report	2
Report on the AFRIMETS.M.T-S1 supplementary torque comparison for 500 N·m and 1000 N·m between NIS (Egypt) and PTB (Germany)	2
Comparison of liquid samples of density	2
Comment on ‘On the dimension of angles and their units’	2
CCQM-K173.1 - Assay of sodium carbonate. Final report	2
Measurement of miscut angles in the determination of Si lattice parameters	2
SI-traceable solar irradiance measurements for aerosol optical depth retrieval	2
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K2 of the air-kerma standards of the BFKH, Hungary, and the BIPM in low-energy x-rays	2
Assessment of the INRIM trace water generator and analysis of the uncertainty components down to −100 °C frost-point temperature	2
The CIPM list ‘Recommended values of standard frequencies’: 2021 update	2
Report on key comparison AFRIMETS.AUV.V-K5 and linking to CCAUV.V-K5	1
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays	1
CCQM-K155: elements and tributyltin in seawater	1
AFRIMETS supplementary comparison on calibration of caliper	1
The kilogram: inertial or gravitational mass?	1
Compensation of isotope ratio mismatch in double isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS)	1
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Lu-177 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ¹⁷⁷Lu to include the 2013 result of the IFIN-HH (Romania), the 2014 result of the LNE-LNHB (	1
On the distinction between SI base units and SI derived units	1
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with ISCIII, May 2023	1
High precision roundness measurement by error separation techniques (EURAMET.L-S30)	1
Generalized electrical substitution methods and detectors for absolute optical power measurements	1
Intercontinental frequency ratio measurement of	1
Analysis of reproducibility by using inclusive and exclusive statistics in the framework of a bilateral comparison	1
The irony of the magnet system for Kibble balances—a review	1
Calculation of magnetic forces and torques on the Kibble coil	1
AFRIMETS supplementary comparison on calibration of external micrometer	1
The Avogadro constant is not the defining constant of the mole	1
CCM.G-K2.2023: CIPM key comparison of absolute gravimeters	1
Two-point diameter calibration of a sphere using a micro-coordinate measuring machine at NMIJ	1
Final report on the supplementary comparison EURAMET.AUV.V-S2	1
New metrological capabilities for measurements of dynamic liquid flows	1
Long-term stability of molecular doped epigraphene quantum Hall standards: single elements and large arrays (R _K/236 ≈ 109 Ω)	1
Comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K6 of the standards for absorbed dose to water of the GUM, Poland and the BIPM in accelerator photon beams	1
Final report for CCQM-P212: coherence of carbon isotope delta reference materials	1
An SI for humans and a digital-SI for machines	1
Finite element analysis of blackbody radiation environment for an ytterbium lattice clock operated at room temperature	1
Calibrating laser Doppler anemometers utilizing an optical chopper	1
A method for evaluating the force factor in oscillating Kibble balances with application to the Planck-Balance	1
Fibre-coupled tunable source based on a supercontinuum laser for the spectral characterisation of fibre optics components and systems	1
A metrological approach to quantities that are counted and the unit one	1
AFRIMETS supplementary comparison on calibration of feeler gauges	1
Eight-element polarisation independent transmission trap detector with high attenuation	1
Absolute frequency measurement of a Yb optical clock at the limit of the Cs fountain	1
Determination of the responsivity of a predictable quantum efficient detector over a wide spectral range based on a 3D model of charge carrier recombination losses	1
Comparison in dynamic primary calibration of digital-output accelerometer between CEM and PTB	1
The forgotten (?) potentiometric method in thermometry	1
¹⁷¹Yb⁺ optical clock with 2.2	1
A novel radiometric calibration of an infrared thermometer	1
Autocollimators: plane angle measurand ambiguities and the impact of surface form	1
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Zn-65 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ⁶⁵Zn to include the 2015 result of the LNMRI-IRD (Brazil) and the 2018 result of the LNE-LNHB	1
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K5 of the air-kerma standards of the GUM, Poland and the BIPM in ¹³⁷Cs gamma radiation	1
Comparison in 50 kg Mass Standard SIM.M.M-S12	1
Method to traceably determine the refractive index by measuring the angle of minimum deviation	1
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-137 of activity measurements of the radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs to include the 2014 result of the NRC (Canada) and the 2018 result of the TENMAK-NÜKEN	1