Metrologia

Article	Citations
Absolute frequency measurement of the 1S0–3P0 transition of 171Yb with a link to international atomic time	49
Optical frequency ratio of a 171Yb+ single-ion clock and a 87Sr lattice clock	28
Demonstration of the nearly continuous operation of an171Yb optical lattice clock for half a year	27
Traceability of digital 3-axis MEMS accelerometer: simultaneous determination of main and transverse sensitivities in the frequency domain	27
Characterization of a newly developed diaphragmless shock tube for the primary dynamic calibration of pressure meters	25
Absolute frequency measurement of the 171Yb optical lattice clock at KRISS using TAI for over a year	24
A strontium optical lattice clock with 1 × 10−17 uncertainty and measurement of its absolute frequency	24
Direct comparisons of European primary and secondary frequency standards via satellite techniques	22
Beginning of a new phase of the dissemination of the kilogram	20
Absolute frequency measurement of an Yb optical clock at the 10−16 level using International Atomic Time	20
Absolute frequency of 87Sr at 1.8 × 10−16 uncertainty by reference to remote primary frequency standards	19
Sensing characteristics of photonic crystal fiber Sagnac interferometer based on novel birefringence and Vernier effect	19
Experimental quantum polarimetry using heralded single photons	19
The BIPM Kibble balance for realizing the kilogram definition	18
A 87Sr optical lattice clock with 2.9 × 10  −17 uncertainty and its absolute frequency measurement	18
Measurement of thermodynamic temperature between 5 K and 24.5 K with single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometry	18
Review of field characterization techniques for high intensity therapeutic ultrasound	17
Dual Josephson impedance bridge: towards a universal bridge for impedance metrology	16
Standard platinum resistance thermometer interpolations in a revised temperature scale	16
Thermodynamic-temperature data from 30 K to 200 K	15
Reduction of calibration uncertainty due to mounting of three-axis accelerometers using the intrinsic properties model	15
The new mise en pratique for the metre—a review of approaches for the practical realization of traceable length metrology from 10−11 m to 1013 m	15
Analysis on the time transfer performance of BDS-3 signals	15
High-performance coherent population trapping atomic clock with direct-modulation distributed Bragg reflector laser	14
The performance of the KIBB-g1 tabletop Kibble balance at NIST	13

The international reference system for pure beta-particle emitting radionuclides: an evaluation of the measurement uncertainties	13
Refractive index gas thermometry between 13.8 K and 161.4 K	13
A novel method for simultaneous measurement of thickness, refractive index, bow, and warp of a large silicon wafer using a spectral-domain interferometer	12
Calibrating spectrometers for measurements of the spectral irradiance caused by solar radiation	12
Realization of the kilogram using the KRISS Kibble balance	12
First uncertainty evaluation of the cesium fountain primary frequency standard NMIJ-F2	12
Algorithms for using silicon steps for scanning probe microscope evaluation	11
Generating a real-time time scale making full use of the available frequency standards	11
Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals	11
Advances in traceable calibration of cylinder pressure transducers	11
Thermodynamic effects in a gas modulated Invar-based dual Fabry–Pérot cavity refractometer	11
Primary calibration system for digital accelerometers	11
Precision measurement of single-electron current with quantized Hall array resistance and Josephson voltage	11
Ytterbium optical lattice clock with instability of order 10−18	10
Establishing waveguide lines as primary standards for scattering parameter measurements at submillimetre wavelengths	10
Guidance on Bayesian uncertainty evaluation for a class of GUM measurement models	10
Empirical decomposition and error propagation of medium-term instabilities in half-life determinations	10
Updated measurement method and uncertainty budget for direct emissivity measurements at the University of the Basque Country	9
Transient heating in fixed length optical cavities for use as temperature and pressure standards	9
The self-attraction effect in an atom gravity gradiometer	9
Improved frequency ratio measurement with 87Sr and 171Yb optical lattice clocks at NMIJ	9
On the influence of inlet perturbations on slug dynamics in horizontal multiphase flow—a computational study	9
The upgrade of NIM-2 joule balance since 2017	9
A simple method for Bayesian uncertainty evaluation in linear models	9
Preliminary study of generating a local time scale with NIM 87Sr optical lattice clock	8
Linearity of a silicon carbide photodiode in the deep-UV spectral region: implications on Doppler broadening thermometry	8
Prenormative verification and validation of a protocol for measuring magnetite–maghemite ratios in magnetic nanoparticles	8
Refining the cold atom pressure standard	8
A three-cornered hat analysis of instabilities in two-way and GPS carrier phase time transfer systems	8
Measurement of the 27Al+ and 87Sr absolute optical frequencies	8
Precise sinusoidal signal extraction from noisy waveform in vibration calibration	8
Second solar ultraviolet radiometer comparison campaign UVC-II	8
Achieving traceability to UTC through GNSS measurements	8
Continuous IPPP links for UTC	8
Towards a consensus on a continuous coordinated universal time	8
Highly-accurate second-virial-coefficient values for helium from 3.7 K to 273 K determined by dielectric-constant gas thermometry	8
Precise density measurement and its uncertainty evaluation for refractory liquid metals over 3000 K using electrostatic levitation	8
Consistency in Monte Carlo Uncertainty Analyses	7
Precise measurements of super-high reflectance with cavity ring-down technique	7
Determination of the responsivity of a predictable quantum efficient detector over a wide spectral range based on a 3D model of charge carrier recombination losses	7
Perchlorate ion standard solution: multipath titrimetric approach using three different stoichiometric reactions—towards the establishment of SI traceable chemical standards	7
Realization and evaluation of the triple point of sulfur hexafluoride	7
Uncertainty evaluations from small datasets	7
The comparability of the determination of the molar mass of silicon highly enriched in 28Si: results of the CCQM-P160 interlaboratory comparison and additional external measurements	7
Two-point diameter calibration of a sphere using a micro-coordinate measuring machine at NMIJ	7
CCQM-K68.2019, nitrous oxide (N2O) in air, ambient level, final report	7
Survey of subrange inconsistency of long-stem standard platinum resistance thermometers	7
Measurement configurations for differential sampling of AC waveforms based on a programmable Josephson voltage standard: effects of sampler bandwidth on the measurements	7
Establishment of 2π total spectral radiant flux scale with a broadband LED-based transfer standard source	7
Angles in the SI: treating the radian as an independent, unhidden unit does not require the redefinition of the term ‘frequency’ or the unit hertz	7

Radiometric characterization of a triggered narrow-bandwidth single-photon source and its use for the calibration of silicon single-photon avalanche detectors	7
A fully digital bridge towards the realization of the farad from the quantum Hall effect	6
Metrological approach of γ-emitting radionuclides identification at low statistics: application of sparse spectral unmixing to scintillation detectors	6
A critical review of the common thermocouple reference functions	6
A metrological approach to quantities that are counted and the unit one	6
Role of measurement uncertainty in the comparison of average areal rainfall methods	6
On the uncertainties in the realization of the kelvin based on thermodynamic temperatures of high-temperature fixed-point cells	6
A new calibration setup for lock-in amplifiers in the low frequency range and its validation in a bilateral comparison	6
An optimized sampling system for highly reproducible isotope ratio measurements (δ 13C and δ 18O) of pure CO2 gas by infrared spectroscopy	6
Roadmap towards the redefinition of the second	6
Revisiting the limits of photon momentum based optical power measurement method, employing the case of multi-reflected laser beam	6
SI-traceable solar irradiance measurements for aerosol optical depth retrieval	6
Thickness and refractive index measurements of a thin-film using an artificial neural network algorithm	6
Absolute frequency measurement of the 87Sr optical lattice clock at NTSC using international atomic time	6
An AC quantum voltmeter for frequencies up to 100 kHz using sub-sampling	6
Final report on the CIPM key comparison CCAUV.V-K5	6
Robustness tests for an optical time scale	6
A laser pistonphone designed for absolute calibration of infrasound sensors from 10 mHz up to 20 Hz	6
A first step towards the introduction of redundant time links for the generation of UTC: the calculation of the uncertainties of [UTC-UTC(k)]	6
Acoustic measurement of the triple point of neon T Ne and thermodynamic calibration of a transfer standard for accurate cryogenic thermometry	6
Traceability for nuclear medicine: the status of primary radioactivity standards	5
Primary standard for the number concentration of liquid-borne particles: extension of the diameter range from the micrometer to the sub-micrometer level and reduction of the measurement uncertainty	5
Final report on the CCM key comparison of kilogram realizations CCM.M-K8.2021	5
On the long-term stability of the triple-point-of-water cells	5
Evaluation of the transportable atom gravimeter HUST-QG	5
Finite element analysis of blackbody radiation environment for an ytterbium lattice clock operated at room temperature	5
Evaluation of effective area of air piston gauge with limitations in piston–cylinder dimension measurements	5
Towards traceable dynamic pressure calibration using a shock tube with an optical probe for accurate phase determination	5
Final report of the new BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ra-223 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 223Ra including the 2014 result of the NPL (United Kingdom), the 2014 result of th	5
Bayesian inference for heterogeneity in meta-analysis	5
Realization of a free-running timescale based on a CsF1 cesium fountain clock and multiple active hydrogen masers	5
Correction factors for primary beta dosimetry	5
Corrigendum: Realization of the triple point of carbon dioxide evaluated by the ITS–90 (2020 Metrologia 57 015004)	5
Method to traceably determine the refractive index by measuring the angle of minimum deviation	5
Coherent fiber links operated for years: effect of missing data	5
Axial force radiometer for primary standard laser power measurements using photon momentum	5
A comparison of traceable spatial angle autocollimator calibrations performed by PTB and VTT MIKES	5
Precise measurement of the thickness of silicon wafers by double-sided interferometer and bilateral comparison	5
Thickness measurements and uncertainty evaluation of a multilayer thin-film sample using auxiliary single-layer samples	5
Accounting for polarization–related effects in the measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function	5
ITS-90 reproducibility, xenon fixed point substitution and new interpolating equations between 13.8033 K and 273.16 K	5
Improved absolute frequency measurement of the strontium ion clock using a GPS link to the SI second	5
Detection and identification of faults in clock ensembles with the generalized likelihood ratio test	4
A bilateral comparison of NIST and PTB laser power standards for scale realization confidence by gravitational wave observatories	4
Terahertz frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer with four-octave measurable bandwidth and 16-digit precision	4
Precision measurement of an electron pump at 2 GHz; the frontier of small DC current metrology	4
A method for calibrating forward scatter meters indoors	4
Gonioreflectometer for measuring 3D spectral BRDF of horizontally aligned samples with traceability to SI	4
Experimental validation of theoretically predicted cut-off of L1–L3M4,5 transitions at Z = 50 through measurements of fluorescence and Coster–Kronig yi	4
Speedy in-situ magnetic field compensation algorithm for multiple-channel single-beam SERF atomic magnetometers	4
Evaluation of blackbody radiation shift with 2 × 10−18 uncertainty at room temperature for a transportable 40Ca+ optical clock	4
CCQM-K143 comparison of copper calibration solutions prepared by NMIs/DIs	4
Direct comparison of ITS-90 and PLTS-2000 from 0.65 K to 1 K at LNE-CNAM	4
Thickness measurement of nm HfO2 films	4
Final report for supplementary comparison APMP.QM-S9.2017: 100 μmol/mol of carbon monoxide in nitrogen	4
Mass fraction assignment of Bisphenol-A high purity material	4
Uncertainty analysis of stack gas flow measurements with an S-type Pitot tube for estimating greenhouse gas emissions using a continuous emission monitoring system	4
PAWG Pilot Study on Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody - Part 1	4
The CCRI(II)-K2.Fe-55.2019 key comparison of activity concentration measurements of a 55Fe solution	4
The value of stable, comparable and standardised measurement: enabling confidence in decision making for societal challenges	4
Defining relative humidity in terms of water activity: III. Relations to dew-point and frost-point temperatures	4
Report of the CCQM-K152. Assay of potassium iodate	4
First realisation of the kilogram with the METAS Kibble balance	4
High amplification laser-pressure optic enables ultra-low uncertainty measurements of optical laser power at kilowatt levels	4
The least informative distribution and correlation coefficient of measurement results	4
Evaluation of different general V(λ) mismatch indices of photometers for LED-based light sources in general lighting applications	4
What is a mole?	4
Remote time and frequency calibration with holdover traceability from a new treatment of non-white noise in rubidium clocks	4
Angles in the SI: a detailed proposal for solving the problem	4
Calibration of GNSS stations for UTC	4
Final report on CCQM-K167: carbon isotope delta measurements of vanillin	4
International comparison CCQM-K117 ammonia	4
Proposal for the dimensionally consistent treatment of angle and solid angle by the International System of Units (SI)	4
Interlaboratory consensus building	4
Primary thermometry at 4 K, 14 K, and 25 K applying dielectric-constant gas thermometry	4
Artifacts and errors in cross-spectrum phase noise measurements	4
Measurements of absolute, SI-traceable lunar irradiance with the airborne lunar spectral irradiance (air-LUSI) instrument	4
On the dimension of angles and their units	4
The irony of the magnet system for Kibble balances—a review	4
Qualification and frequency accuracy of the space-based primary frequency standard PHARAO	3

Development of a primary measurement standard for trace moisture in Ar	3
A further short history of the SI prefixes	3
Errors-in-variables calibration with dark uncertainty	3
A generalizable formalism for computing uncertainties in UTC	3
Effects of fast x-ray cone-beam tomographic measurement on dimensional metrology	3
Quantification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) anatase and rutile polymorphs in binary mixtures by Raman spectroscopy: an interlaboratory comparison	3
Long-term drift analysis of Zener voltage standards and proposal of an initial calibration interval using calibration records accumulated for 15 years	3
The non-uniqueness of ITS-90 above the silver point and its impact on values of T − T 90	3
Correction factors for two new reference beta radiation fields	3
Emissivities of vacuum compatible materials: towards minimising blackbody radiation shift uncertainty in optical atomic clocks at room temperatures	3
Mid-infrared spectral responsivity scale based on an absolute cryogenic radiometer and a tunable quantum cascade laser	3
Measurement of miscut angles in the determination of Si lattice parameters	3
Gas flow standards and their uncertainty	3
Rejection sampling for Bayesian uncertainty evaluation using the Monte Carlo techniques of GUM-S1	3
Activity measurements of the radionuclides 99mTc, 18F and 64Cu for the POLATOM, Poland, in the ongoing comparisons BIPM.RI(II)-K4 series and KCRV update in the corres	3
Uncertainty budget for PTB’s gonioreflectometers and ways to improve it in the short VIS spectral range	3
Some predictions of a validated physical model of Pt–Rh thermocouple drift above 1200 °C	3
International comparison CCQM-K118 natural gas	3
Traceable spectral interferometry for length measurement	3
Final report of the new BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ac-225 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 225Ac to include the 2019 result of the PTB (Germany)	3
Comment on ‘Angles in the SI: a detailed proposal for solving the problem’	3
Advances in metrology for energy-containing gases and emerging demands	3
A comparison of different calibration strategies for the trace analysis of soil samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)	3
International comparison of activity measurements of radon 222 - EURAMET Project n°1475 - EURAMET.RI(II)-S8.Rn-222	3
A constant pressure flowmeter for extreme-high vacuum	3
Economic optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment: 2. Process with unknown systematic effect	3
Enhanced dilution step and gravimetric preparation uncertainty for low-amount fraction standard gas mixtures using a newly developed automatic weighing system for a mini cylinder	3
Characterization of predictable quantum efficient detector in terms of optical non-linearity in the visible to near-infrared range	3
Key Comparison Study - Organic Solvent Calibration Solution - Gravimetric preparation and value assignment of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in acetonitrile (ACN)	3
Spaceborne radiance temperature standard blackbody for Chinese high-precision infrared spectrometer	3
Improved Raman pulse sequence for rotation measurements with atom interferometers	3
Increased detector response in optical overfilled measurements due to gas lens formation by nitrogen flow through the entrance aperture	3
Final report for supplementary comparison APMP.QM-S15: carbon dioxide in nitrogen at 1000 μmol/mol	3
Verification of an in situ calibrated optomechanical accelerometer for use as a strong ground motion seismic reference	3
Economic optimization of acceptance interval in conformity assessment: 1. Process with no systematic effect	3
International comparison CCQM-K74.2018: Nitrogen dioxide, 10 μmol mol-1	3