Review of Scientific Instruments

Article	Citations
Ion thrusters for electric propulsion: Scientific issues developing a niche technology into a game changer	102
Materials loss measurements using superconducting microwave resonators	99
Extreme measurements with Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV)	72
Entangled photon-pair sources based on three-wave mixing in bulk crystals	62
InGaAs/InP single-photon detectors with 60% detection efficiency at 1550 nm	46
Time-resolved momentum microscopy with a 1 MHz high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet beamline	43
A quantitative comparison of time-of-flight momentum microscopes and hemispherical analyzers for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments	37
The QICK (Quantum Instrumentation Control Kit): Readout and control for qubits and detectors	34
Site-selection criteria for the Einstein Telescope	32
Faster high-speed atomic force microscopy for imaging of biomolecular processes	32
One-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) image reconstruction for electrical impedance tomography	30
Accurate measurement of in-plane thermal conductivity of layered materials without metal film transducer using frequency domain thermoreflectance	29
Integrating test device and method for creep failure and ultrasonic response of methane hydrate-bearing sediments	27
High-energy x-ray nanotomography introducing an apodization Fresnel zone plate objective lens	26
High-power near-concentric Fabry–Perot cavity for phase contrast electron microscopy	25
Spatially resolved diagnostics for optimization of large ion beam sources	23
Confinement of an alkaline-earth element in a grating magneto-optical trap	23
Deep learning-based statistical noise reduction for multidimensional spectral data	22
Development of a versatile micro-focused angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy system with Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror optics	22
Hard x-ray single-shot spectrometer at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser	22
Microfluidic polyimide gas dynamic virtual nozzles for serial crystallography	22
An open, modular, and flexible micro X-ray computed tomography system for research	22
Rotational energy harvesting systems using piezoelectric materials: A review	21
Partial directed coherence based graph convolutional neural networks for driving fatigue detection	21
Design of a low-noise low-voltage amplifier for improved neural signal recording	21

Single-pixel imaging: An overview of different methods to be used for 3D space reconstruction in harsh environments	20
Wind energy harvester using piezoelectric materials	20
A laser powder bed fusion system for in situ x-ray diffraction with high-energy synchrotron radiation	20
A robust fiber-based quantum thermometer coupled with nitrogen-vacancy centers	20
Hall effect instruments, evolution, implications, and future prospects	19
A scanning tunneling microscope capable of electron spin resonance and pump–probe spectroscopy at mK temperature and in vector magnetic field	19
A feasibility study of zebrafish embryo irradiation with laser-accelerated protons	19
Ultra-low-vibration closed-cycle cryogenic surface-electrode ion trap apparatus	19
Axion Dark Matter Experiment: Detailed design and operations	19
A setup for studies of photoelectron circular dichroism from chiral molecules in aqueous solution	19
High sensitivity, levitated microsphere apparatus for short-distance force measurements	19
Suppression of the vacuum space-charge effect in fs-photoemission by a retarding electrostatic front lens	19
An integrated ultra-high vacuum apparatus for growth and in situ characterization of complex materials	18
Characterizing cryogenic amplifiers with a matched temperature-variable noise source	18
Embedded heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning control systems: From traditional technologies toward radar advanced sensing	18
Low-voltage low-noise gate driven quasi-floating bulk self-cascode current mirror operational transconductance amplifier	18
Novel beamline for attosecond transient reflection spectroscopy in a sequential two-foci geometry	18
Micro-fabricated components for cold atom sensors	18
High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser	17
High voltage nanosecond pulse generator based on avalanche transistor Marx bank circuit and linear transformer driver	17
A hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Levenberg–Marquardt (GA–LM) method for cell suspension measurement with electrical impedance spectroscopy	17
A sub-4 Kelvin radio frequency linear multipole wire trap	17
A cryogenic ice setup to simulate carbon atom reactions in interstellar ices	17
Thermal conductivity measurements of sub-surface buried substrates by steady-state thermoreflectance	17
The Langmuir probe system in the Wendelstein 7-X test divertor	17
A novel stick-slip piezoelectric actuator based on two-stage flexible hinge structure	17
Achieving μeV tunneling resolution in an in-operando scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and magnetotransport system for quantum materials research	17
Simultaneous ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing incidence x-ray scattering in gas environments	17
Ultrafast time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with widely tunable probe photon energy of 5.3–7.0 eV for investigating dynamics of three-dimensional materials	17
Feedback-controlled microbubble generator producing one million monodisperse bubbles per second	16
An ultrafast piezoelectric Z-scanner with a resonance frequency above 1.1 MHz for high-speed atomic force microscopy	16
Silicon dynistors with subnanosecond switching times	16
Development of fundamental power couplers for 166.6 MHz superconducting quarter-wave beta = 1 proof-of-principle cavities	16
Measuring the electron temperature and identifying plasma detachment using machine learning and spectroscopy	16
In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies monitoring mechanochemical reactions of hard materials: Challenges and limitations	16
A new Collinear Apparatus for Laser Spectroscopy and Applied Science (COALA)	15
Digital laser frequency and intensity stabilization based on the STEMlab platform (originally Red Pitaya)	15
Nonlinear resonance decomposition for weak signal detection	15
Broadband high-energy resolution hard x-ray spectroscopy using transition edge sensors at SPring-8	15
Second generation readout for large format photon counting microwave kinetic inductance detectors	15
The Ice Chamber for Astrophysics–Astrochemistry (ICA): A new experimental facility for ion impact studies of astrophysical ice analogs	15
High-resolution calorimetry in pulsed magnetic fields	15
A 1D Lyman-alpha profile camera for plasma edge neutral studies on the DIII-D tokamak	15
A four-legged linear ultrasonic motor: Design and experiments	15
Broad-beam plasma-cathode electron beam source based on a cathodic arc for beam generation over a wide pulse-width range	15
A photonic atom probe coupling 3D atomic scale analysis with in situ photoluminescence spectroscopy	15
Broadband femtosecond spectroscopic ellipsometry	15
A testing assembly for combination measurements on gas hydrate-bearing sediments using x-ray computed tomography and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance	15
A tabletop setup for ultrafast helicity-dependent and element-specific absorption spectroscopy and scattering in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range	15
Capacitive detection of magnetostriction, dielectric constant, and magneto-caloric effects in pulsed magnetic fields	15

Horizon: Microfluidic platform for the production of therapeutic microbubbles and nanobubbles	15
Collective optical Thomson scattering in pulsed-power driven high energy density physics experiments (invited)	15
A resistively-heated dynamic diamond anvil cell (RHdDAC) for fast compression x-ray diffraction experiments at high temperatures	15
X-ray imaging of Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities using Fresnel zone plate at the National Ignition Facility	14
A method for improving temperature measurement accuracy on an infrared thermometer for the ambient temperature field	14
A microvolume shear cell for combined rheology and x-ray scattering experiments	14
Upgrades to the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic on the DIII-D tokamak	14
An investigation into experimental in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging at high temperature	14
A new setup for low-temperature gas-phase ion fluorescence spectroscopy	14
An 18.3 MJ charging and discharging pulsed power supply system for the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF). I. The overall design	14
Characterization of a new ultra-high pressure shock tube facility for combustion and propulsion studies	14
Quantitative gas composition analysis method for a wide pressure range up to atmospheric pressure—CO2 plasma case study	14
Laboratory plasma devices for space physics investigation	14
Measurement of local thermal contact resistance with a periodic heating method using microscale lock-in thermography	14
Incoherent Thomson scattering system for PHAse space MApping (PHASMA) experiment	14
Microwave techniques for electron cyclotron resonance plasma diagnostics	14
3D printed spherical environmental chamber for neutron reflectometry and grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering experiments	14
Partial discharge detection with on-chip spiral inductor as a loop antenna	14
A line-scanning chromatic confocal sensor for three-dimensional profile measurement on highly reflective materials	14
W-band system-on-chip electron cyclotron emission imaging system on DIII-D	14
Time-resolved resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser	14
A modular testbed for mechanized spreading of powder layers for additive manufacturing	14
A non-intrusive voltage measurement scheme based on MEMS electric field sensors: Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of AC power lines	14
The five line-of-sight neutron time-of-flight (nToF) suite on the National Ignition Facility (NIF)	13
Frequency-domain hot-wire sensor and 3D model for thermal conductivity measurements of reactive and corrosive materials at high temperatures	13
Multi-chord IR–visible two-color interferometer on KSTAR	13
High resolution spatially extended 1D laser scattering diagnostics using volume Bragg grating notch filters	13
High-precision nonlocal temporal correlation identification of entangled photon pairs for quantum clock synchronization	13
Ultrafast element-resolved magneto-optics using a fiber-laser-driven extreme ultraviolet light source	13
Single-hemisphere photoelectron momentum microscope with time-of-flight recording	13
High-resolution x-ray radiography with Fresnel zone plates on the University of Rochester’s OMEGA Laser Systems	13
Design and simulation of pseudo-resistor with extremely high linearity for an improved neural signal recording	13
Picosecond solid-state generator with a peak power of 50 GW	13
Ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility	13
A versatile flexure-based six-axis force/torque sensor and its application to tribology	13
Impact and trends in embedding field programmable gate arrays and microcontrollers in scientific instrumentation	13
Generalized inverse matrix normalization algorithm to extract high-temperature data from multiwavelength pyrometry	13
The Panopticon device: An integrated Paul-trap–hemispherical mirror system for quantum optics	13
Current-limiting amplifier for high speed measurement of resistive switching data	13
A cleanroom in a glovebox	13
Toward ultra-fast time-correlated single-photon counting: A compact module to surpass the pile-up limit	13
Nb3Sn multicell cavity coating system at Jefferson Lab	13
Improvement of the performances of a commercial hand-held laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy instrument for steel analysis using multiple artificial neural networks	13
Apparatus for simultaneous dynamic light scattering–small angle neutron scattering investigations of dynamics and structure in soft matter	13
A dual-magneto-optical-trap atom gravity gradiometer for determining the Newtonian gravitational constant	13
The upgraded TOMAS device: A toroidal plasma facility for wall conditioning, plasma production, and plasma–surface interaction studies	13
Non-contact, non-destructive mapping of thermal diffusivity and surface acoustic wave speed using transient grating spectroscopy	13
Analytical model and experimental verification of an elliptical bridge-type compliant displacement amplification mechanism	13
Machine learning prediction of electron density and temperature from He I line ratios	13
A cluster-based hybrid sampling approach for imbalanced data classification	13
Design of a source–detector array for dual-slope diffuse optical imaging	12
High voltage nanosecond pulse generator based on diode opening switch and magnetic switch	12
Resonant-type piezoelectric inertial drive mechanism with asymmetric inertial masses	12
W-band millimeter-wave back-scattering system for high wavenumber turbulence measurements in LHD	12
A new high-pressure cell for systematic in situ investigations of micro-scale processes in gas hydrates using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy	12
Dark matter axion search using a Josephson Traveling wave parametric amplifier	12
Diagnosing plasma magnetization in inertial confinement fusion implosions using secondary deuterium-tritium reactions	12
An experimental design for the control and assembly of magnetic microwheels	12
Invited article: X-ray phase contrast imaging in inertial confinement fusion and high energy density research	12
A rapid-quench technique for multi-anvil high-pressure-temperature experiments	12
Fusion product measurements by nuclear diagnostics in the Joint European Torus deuterium–tritium 2 campaign (invited)	12
Robot grasping method optimization using improved deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm of deep reinforcement learning	12
Linien: A versatile, user-friendly, open-source FPGA-based tool for frequency stabilization and spectroscopy parameter optimization	12
Generation and simple characterization of flat, liquid jets	12
An innovative experimental apparatus for the analysis of natural gas hydrate erosion process using cavitating jet	12
High quality factor photonic cavity for dark matter axion searches	12
Development of an in situ analysis system for methane dissolved in seawater based on cavity ringdown spectroscopy	12
An in situ microtomography apparatus with a laboratory x-ray source for elevated temperatures of up to 1000 °C	12
Harmonic detection method based on permutation entropy and variational modal decomposition optimized by genetic algorithm	12
An ion mobility mass spectrometer coupled with a cryogenic ion trap for recording electronic spectra of charged, isomer-selected clusters	12
Indirect inverse flux mapping of a concentrated solar source using infrared imaging	12
Decreasing the uncertainty of classical laser flash analysis using numerical algorithms robust to noise and systematic errors	11
Adjusting single-axis acoustic levitators in real time using rainbow schlieren deflectometry	11
Ultrahigh vacuum packaging and surface cleaning for quantum devices	11
Heat-capacity measurements under uniaxial pressure using a piezo-driven device	11
Synchronizing gas injections and time-resolved data acquisition for perturbation-enhanced APXPS experiments	11
Tunable cavity-enhanced terahertz frequency-domain optical Hall effect	11
A novel dielectric breakdown apparatus for solid-state nanopore fabrication with transient high electric field	11
Full diagnostics and optimization of time resolution for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy	11
Improvements to the Faraday cup fast ion loss detector and magnetohydrodynamic induced fast ion loss measurements in Joint European Torus plasmas	11

An atom trap system for 39Ar dating with improved precision	11
Reconstructing 3D asymmetries in laser-direct-drive implosions on OMEGA	11
Apparatus for controlled microwave exposure of aerosolized pathogens	11
Three-dimensional reconstruction of neutron, gamma-ray, and x-ray sources using a cylindrical-harmonics expansion	11
Millikelvin scanning tunneling microscope at 20/22 T with a graphite enabled stick–slip approach and an energy resolution below 8 μeV: Application to conductance quantization at 20 T in single	11
Development of an automatic turntable-type multiple T-maze device and observation of pill bug behavior	11
Advanced field emission measurement techniques for research on modern cold cathode materials and their applications for transmission-type x-ray sources	11
Wide bandwidth frequency-domain thermoreflectance: Volumetric heat capacity, anisotropic thermal conductivity, and thickness measurements	11
A built-in coil system attached to the inside walls of a magnetically shielded room for generating an ultra-high magnetic field homogeneity	11
An advanced optical–electrochemical nanopore measurement system for single-molecule analysis	11
Performance of the newly installed vertical neutron cameras for low neutron yield discharges in the Large Helical Device	11
Development of a scanning tunneling microscope for variable temperature electron spin resonance	11
Stochastic resonance in a single-well potential and its application in rolling bearing fault diagnosis	11
Extremely small-diameter, high-density, radio frequency, plasma sources and central gas feeding for next-generation electrodeless plasma thrusters	11
A concept of a broadband inverted geometry spectrometer for the Second Target Station at the Spallation Neutron Source	11
Phase lag index-based graph attention networks for detecting driving fatigue	11
Novel high-performance piezoresistive shock accelerometer for ultra-high-g measurement utilizing self-support sensing beams	11
CENTAUR—The small- and wide-angle neutron scattering diffractometer/spectrometer for the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source	11
A charge control method for space-mission inertial sensor using differential UV LED emission	11
3D velocity map imaging of electrons with TPX3CAM	11
FPGA-based electronic system for the control and readout of superconducting quantum processors	11
Fast-ion orbit sensitivity of neutron emission spectroscopy diagnostics	11
Development of small high-voltage AC power supply for a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator	11
An asymmetric semi-circular bend method for investigating fracture behavior of brittle rocks under dynamic mixed mode I/II loading	11
A stick–slip piezoelectric actuator with high consistency in forward and reverse motions	11
Imaging pyrometry for most color cameras using a triple pass filter	11
Piezoelectric-driven uniaxial pressure cell for muon spin relaxation and neutron scattering experiments	11
Electromagnetic Hopkinson bar: A powerful scientific instrument to study mechanical behavior of materials at high strain rates	11
A compound pendulum for thrust measurement of micro-Newton thruster	11
An integrated packaged resonant accelerometer with temperature compensation	11
Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet photoemission electron microscope	10
Operation analysis of the wideband high-power microwave sources based on the gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines	10
Model-free adaptive sliding mode control with adjustable funnel boundary for robot manipulators with uncertainties	10
Investigation of sooting flames by color-ratio pyrometry with a consumer-grade DSLR camera	10
An experimental control system for electron spectrometers using Arduino and LabVIEW interfaces	10
A 4He vector zero-field optically pumped magnetometer operated in the Earth-field	10
Imaging velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) diagnostics for high energy density sciences	10
A cryogenic continuously rotating half-wave plate mechanism for the POLARBEAR-2b cosmic microwave background receiver	10
A Paul trap with sectored ring electrodes for experiments with two-dimensional ion crystals	10
Ultrafast disruptive probing: Simultaneously keeping track of tens of reaction pathways	10
A mechanically stable and tunable cryogenic Fabry–Pérot microcavity	10
Multipactor experiments on an S-band coaxial test cell	10
AC/DC hybrid electric field measurement method based on Pockels effect and electric field modulation	10
Development of fluorescence-yield wavelength-dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the soft x-ray region for time-resolved experiments	10
Low temperature Thomson scattering on MAST-U	10
A multi-spectral polarimetric imager for atmospheric profiling of aerosol and thin cloud: Prototype design and sub-orbital performance	10
CHESS: The future direct geometry spectrometer at the second target station	10
Pre-launch radiometric calibration of the infrared spectrometer onboard SuperCam for the Mars2020 rover	10
Billion-pixel x-ray camera (BiPC-X)	10
Multi-linear antenna microwave plasma assisted large-area growth of 6 × 6 in.2 vertically oriented graphenes with high growth rate	10
Development of a deep learning based automated data analysis for step-filter x-ray spectrometers in support of high-repetition rate short-pulse laser-driven acceleration experiments	10
“Zyflex”: Next generation plasma chamber for complex plasma research in space	10
Dual-mode auto-calibrating resistance thermometer: A novel approach with Johnson noise thermometry	10
CR-39 nuclear track detector response to inertial confinement fusion relevant ions	10
An ultrasound probe array for a high-pressure, high-temperature solid medium deformation apparatus	10
Surface temperature estimation in determined multi-wavelength pyrometry systems	10
Super-resolution surface slope metrology of x-ray mirrors	10
Multiple active voltage stabilizations for multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry	10
Development of the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic for the W7-X stellarator	10
Design and analysis of four-jaws microgripper with integrated thermal actuator and force sensor for biomedical applications	10
A new tangential gamma-ray spectrometer for fast ion measurements in deuterium and deuterium–tritium plasmas of the Joint European Torus	10
Doppler backscattering diagnostic with dual homodyne detection on the Globus-M compact spherical tokamak	10
A flexible and scalable, fully software-based lock-in amplifier for nonlinear spectroscopy	10
Interlaboratory validation of a hanging pendulum thrust balance for electric propulsion testing	10
0.342 nW Class-AB enhanced flipped source follower low pass filter for biomedical applications	10
Wide spectral range ultrafast pump–probe magneto-optical spectrometer at low temperature, high-magnetic and electric fields	10
A monochromatic confocal micro-x-ray fluorescence (μXRF) spectrometer for the lab	10
An x-ray penumbral imager for measurements of electron–temperature profiles in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGA	10
All-optical laser-ultrasonic technology for width and depth gauging of rectangular surface-breaking defects	10
A 410 MHz resonant cavity pickup for heavy ion storage rings	10
A versatile, multi-laser twin-microscope system for light-sheet imaging	10
Ultrawideband, high-power, microstripline test setup for experimental study and characterization of multipactor	10
An integrated quantum material testbed with multi-resolution photoemission spectroscopy	10
A millikelvin scanning tunneling microscope in ultra-high vacuum with adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration	10
Using ray-traversal for 3D particle matching in the context of particle tracking velocimetry in fluid mechanics	10
Performance and uniformity of a kilo-pixel array of Ti/Au transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters	10
System-on-chip upgrade of millimeter-wave imaging diagnostics for fusion plasma	10
A bionic piezoelectric tactile sensor for features recognition of object surface based on machine learning	9
THz microscope for three-dimensional imaging with superconducting Josephson junctions	9
Prediction of fish mortality based on a probabilistic anomaly detection approach for recirculating aquaculture system facilities	9
Probing plasma-treated graphene using hyperspectral Raman	9
A new type of hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell with cooling system	9
A tungsten external heater for BX90 diamond anvil cells with a range up to 1700 K	9
Development of a cantilever beam thrust stand for electric propulsion thrusters	9
Millimeter-wave emission spectrometer based on direct digital synthesis	9
Construction of an intravascular ultrasound catheter with a micropiezoelectric motor internally installed	9
Use of computer vision for analysis of image datasets from high temperature plasma experiments	9
Design and performance of high-temperature furnace and cell holder for in situ spectroscopic, electrochemical, and radiolytic investigations of molten salts	9
Development and first operation of a cavity ring down spectroscopy diagnostic in the negative ion source SPIDER	9
Tangential hard x-ray diagnostic array on the EXL-50 spherical tokamak	9
Object surveillance with radio-frequency atomic magnetometers	9
Scanning SQUID microscopy in a cryogen-free dilution refrigerator	9
Filtering noise in time and frequency domain for ultrafast pump–probe performed using low repetition rate lasers	9
Design and stiffness modeling of a four-degree-of-freedom nanopositioning stage based on six-branched-chain compliant parallel mechanisms	9
Two-color, two-dimensional pyrometers based on monochrome and color cameras for high-temperature (>1000 K) planar measurements	9