Progress in Oceanography

Papers
(The median citation count of Progress in Oceanography is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-06-01 to 2025-06-01.)
ArticleCitations
The Bornholm intermediate waters: Origination, pathway, and detection within the cold intermediate layer of the Baltic Sea86
Seasonal ventilation controls nitrous oxide emission in the NW Iberian upwelling71
The impact of advection on a Subarctic fjord food web dominated by the copepod Calanus finmarchicus69
Species composition and distribution of eelpouts (Zoarcidae, Perciformes, Actinopterygii) in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk in summer51
Distribution, biology, and relative abundance of the understudied deep-water whiteblotched skate Bathyraja maculata49
Distribution of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments of Magellan fjords and channels (Patagonia, Chile) with a focus on harmful species: An overview on environmental scenario45
Exploring the future of the Coral Sea micronekton42
Investigation of hydrothermal activity in the South West Indian ridge region using Ra isotopes and 227Ac as tracers41
Spatiotemporal variability in bio-optical characteristics of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean during boreal summer: Biophysical influences41
Distribution patterns of phytoplankton groups along isoirradiance layers in oligotrophic tropical and subtropical oceans41
Editorial Board38
Editorial Board36
Editorial Board36
Subsurface phytoplankton responses to ocean eddies can run counter to satellite-based inference from surface properties in subtropical gyres33
Impact of the climate regime shift around 2000 on recruitment of Antarctic krill at the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia33
Springtime renewal of zooplankton populations in the Chukchi Sea33
Spatiotemporal variation in marine plankton communities driven by environmental changes in the East China sea32
Zonal circulation in the North Atlantic ocean at 52°W from WOCE-WHP and CLIVAR sections: 1997, 2003 and 201228
Estimates of prey requirements and initial examination of the primary productivity to support the magellan strait humpback whales28
The California current system off Baja California Sur28
Connecting subtropical salinity maxima to tropical salinity minima: Synchronization between ocean dynamics and the water cycle27
A deep scattering layer under the North Pole pack ice26
Biogeochemical characteristics of brash sea ice and icebergs during summer and autumn in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean26
Trophic ecology of epibenthic communities exposed to different sea-ice concentrations across the Canadian Arctic Ocean26
Modeling the Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) ecological niche and future scenarios in the northern Peruvian Current System25
Marine life at Lagrangian fronts25
Seasonality and drivers of water column optical properties on the northwestern Barents Sea shelf24
A biophysical model of Calanus hyperboreus in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: Interannual variability in phenology and circulation drive the timing and location of right whale foraging habitat in spring and24
Formation, maintenance and diurnal variability of subsurface chlorophyll maximum during the summer monsoon in the southern Bay of Bengal24
Anatomical study of Tsushima Warm Current system: Determination of Principal Pathways and its Variation24
Editorial Board24
Ocean circulation changes drive shifts in Calanus abundance in North Atlantic right whale foraging habitat: A model comparison of cool and warm year scenarios24
Incorporating tides and internal gravity waves within global ocean general circulation models: A review24
Plankton energy flows using a global size-structured and trait-based model24
How the forcing dynamics of the western boundary currents in the Pacific respond to the North Equatorial Current23
Physical optima for nitrogen fixation in cyclonic eddies in the Subtropical Northwestern Pacific23
Influence of ocean dynamics on the route of argonauts in the Southeastern Brazil Bight23
Interannual to decadal variability of phosphate in the Oyashio region: Roles of wind-driven ocean current and tidally induced vertical mixing in the Sea of Okhotsk22
Drivers of microbial carbon biomass variability in two oceanic regions of the Gulf of Mexico22
Formation of dense shelf water associated with sea ice freezing in the Gulf of Anadyr estimated with oxygen isotopic ratios22
Application of a fish habitat model considering mesoscale oceanographic features in evaluating climatic impact on distribution and abundance of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira)22
Shaping of deep scattering layers by the seascape dynamics in the Canary islands22
Effect of thermal and non-thermal processes on the variability of ocean surface pCO2 and buffering capacity in the north Indian Ocean21
Hydrology and small pelagic fish drive the spatio–temporal dynamics of springtime zooplankton assemblages over the Bay of Biscay continental shelf21
Geographic patterns of soft-bottoms benthic communities in Chilean Patagonian fjords (47°S-54°S) - influence of environmental stress on diversity patterns and stable isotope signatures21
Synchronized decadal variabilities in the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension system20
Potential impacts of offshore wind energy development on physical processes and scallop larval dispersal over the US Northeast shelf20
Small pelagic fish fitness relates to local environmental conditions and trophic variables20
Extreme harmful algal blooms, climate change, and potential risk of eutrophication in Patagonian fjords: Insights from an exceptional Heterosigma akashiwo fish-killing event20
From winter to late summer in the northwestern Barents Sea shelf: Impacts of seasonal progression of sea ice and upper ocean on nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics20
Contrasted spatio-temporal changes in the demersal fish assemblages and the dominance of the environment vs fishing pressure, in the Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea20
Long-term monitoring reveals unprecedented stability of a vent mussel assemblage on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge20
Diel, lunar and seasonal vertical migration in the deep western Gulf of Mexico evidenced from a long-term data series of acoustic backscatter19
Spatio-temporal variation in zooplankton community composition in the southern Salish Sea: Changes during the 2015–2016 Pacific marine heatwave19
Optimal design of a glider array for the observation of tropical cyclones19
Distinctive phytoplankton size responses to the nutrient enrichment of coastal upwelling and winter convection in the eastern Arabian Sea19
Building an inclusive wave in marine science: Sense of belonging and Society for Women in Marine Science symposia19
Winter and summer biogeography of macrozooplankton community structure in the northern Antarctic Peninsula ecosystem19
Stable isotope spatial patterns for the Southwest Atlantic Ocean towards polar waters18
William T. Peterson Commemorative Issue18
Mapping phenoregions and phytoplankton seasonality in Northeast Pacific marine coastal ecosystems via a satellite-based approach18
Spatio-temporal dynamics in microalgal communities in Arctic land-fast sea ice18
Aggregate-colonizing copepods in a glacial fjord: Population dynamics, vertical distribution and allometric scaling of growth and mortality rates of Microsetella norvegica and Oncaea spp.17
Significance of temperature and salinity in the dynamics of diatoms and dinoflagellates along the coastal Yellow Sea17
Editorial Board17
Oceanographic influences on reef fish assemblages along the Great Barrier Reef17
Oxygen minimum zone copepods in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal: Their adaptations and status17
Effects of currents and temperature on ecosystem productivity in Unimak Pass, Alaska, a premier seabird and biodiversity hotspot16
A food-web assessment model for marine mammals, fish, and fisheries in the Norwegian and Barents Seas16
Basin-scale distribution of salps and doliolids in the transition region of the North Pacific Ocean in summer: Drivers of bloom occurrence and effect on the pelagic ecosystem16
Diet and trophic structure of fishes in the Barents Sea: Effects of size within (ontogenetic) and between species16
Variability in the meridional overturning circulation at 32°S in the Pacific Ocean diagnosed by inverse box models16
Diatoms contributing to new production in surface waters of the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas during summer with reference to water column stratification16
Benthic transition zones in the Atlantic gateway to a changing Arctic ocean15
Relationships between large-scale climate modes and the South Atlantic Ocean wave climate15
Nutrient stoichiometry drives the phytoplankton populations during the progression of upwelling along the eastern Arabian Sea15
Iron and nutrient dynamics along the East Kamchatka Current, western Bering Sea Basin and Gulf of Anadyr15
Oceanic phytoplankton structure off western Patagonia during the austral summer: Implications for harmful algal blooms15
Variability at multiple spatial scales in intertidal and subtidal macrobenthic communities in a fjord with glaciers, Magellanic Subantarctic ecoregion, Chile15
The Southern Ocean carbon and climate observations and modeling (SOCCOM) project: A review15
Drivers of organic carbon distribution and accumulation in the northern Barents Sea15
Modelling the distribution of rare and data-poor diadromous fish at sea for protected area management15
Temporal variability of the physical and chemical environment, chlorophyll and diatom biomass in the euphotic zone of the Beagle Channel (Argentina): Evidence of nutrient limitation15
Evaluation of high-resolution atmospheric and oceanic simulations of the California Current System14
Temporal synchrony among juvenile marine fishes and potential climate and environmental drivers in the Bay of Biscay14
Vertical habitat shifts of juvenile jack mackerel estimated using otolith oxygen stable isotope14
Corrigendum to “Food web analysis shows an exacerbated dependence of zooplankton on detritus in oligotrophic systems due to ocean warming” [Prog. Oceanogr. 231 (2025) 103389]14
Seasonal circulation and volume transport of the Bransfield Current14
Environmental controls on macrozooplankton and fish distributions over diurnal to seasonal time scales in the northern Barents Sea14
Changes in prey-predator interactions in an Arctic food web under climate change14
Burst events of near-inertial waves in the Beaufort Sea14
On the north equatorial current spatiotemporal modes and responses in the western boundary currents14
Overwintering distribution, inflow patterns and sustainability of Calanus finmarchicus in the North Sea14
Incursion of Alaska Coastal Water as a mechanism promoting small phytoplankton in the western Arctic Ocean14
Editorial Board13
Assessment of high-resolution regional ocean reanalysis K-ORA22 for the Northwest Pacific13
Observed oceanic response to Tropical Cyclone Amphan (2020) from a subsurface mooring in the Bay of Bengal13
The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard)13
Distribution, vertical migration, and trophic ecology of lanternfishes (Myctophidae) in the Southwestern Tropical Atlantic13
Biome partitioning of the global ocean based on phytoplankton biogeography13
Editorial Board13
Size-fractioned zooplankton biomass in the Barents Sea: Spatial patterns and temporal variations during three decades of warming and strong fluctuations of the capelin stock (1989–2020)13
Tidal dynamics on the upper continental slope of the eastern Gulf of Cádiz: The interplay between water masses and its effects on seafloor morphology13
Community structure and biomass of larval euphausiids and postlarval mysids in relation to anomalous warming events during a weekly time series (2014–2017) at Cabo Pulmo National Park, Mexico13
Spatiotemporal distribution of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in Beagle Channel (South America) during 2005–201713
Offshore high chlorophyll eddies: Separating upwelling from nearshore migration from ocean color remote sensing13
Geographical and vertical distribution of Axinulus (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae): New data on distribution in the North Pacific and description of a new species13
International megabenthic long-term monitoring of a changing arctic ecosystem: Baseline results12
A decade-long flow reversal in the intergyre region of the eastern north Atlantic12
Spatio-temporal variability of the zooplankton community in the SW Mediterranean 1992–2020: Linkages with environmental drivers12
Roles of phytoplankton, microzooplankton, and bacteria in DMSP and DMS transformation processes in the East China Continental Sea12
Severe winter conditions improve recruitment success of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), a temperate water fish species, in the NW Mediterranean sea12
Strong regionalism in dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments from the Chukchi-East Siberian Seas, Arctic Ocean12
Particle fluxes in submarine canyons along a sediment-starved continental margin and in the adjacent open slope and basin in the SW Mediterranean Sea12
A shifting chessboard: Projections of prawn, capelin, mesopelagic fish, zooplankton, and their Nordic and Barents Seas food web under climate change12
A strong summer intrusion of the Kuroshio and residence time in the northern South China Sea revealed by radium isotopes12
Spatiotemporal changes in the community and demography of mesozooplankton in the eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer 2018/201912
Circumpolar distributions of age and anthropogenic CO2 content of Antarctic Bottom Water revealed by chlorofluorocarbon and sulfur hexafluoride12
Global characterization of modelled micronekton in biophysically defined provinces12
Sediment dynamics in the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea) during two autumn–winter periods with contrasting meteorological conditions12
Seasonal upwelling influence on trophic indices of mesozooplankton in a coastal food web estimated from δ15N in amino acids12
Air-sea interaction processes during hurricane Sandy: Coupled WRF-FVCOM model simulations12
Proportion of dead cells in phytoplankton modulates community structure12
Temporal variability of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea revealed by long-term mooring observations12
Drivers of growth and decay of Sargassum in the Tropical Atlantic: A Lagrangian approach11
Chemolithoautotrophic denitrification intensifies nitrogen loss in the Eastern Arabian Sea Shelf waters during sulphidic events11
Modeling the larval growth and survival of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) in the eastern Bering Sea11
Modulation of the internal wave regime over a tropical seamount ecosystem by basin-scale oceanographic processes11
Ocean shelf exchange, NW European shelf seas: Measurements, estimates and comparisons11
Unveiling deep-sea habitats of the Southern Ocean-facing submarine canyons of southwestern Australia11
Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and particle fluxes at the entrance of the Gulf of California highlight the effects of the strong El Niño 2015–201611
Multi-taxa marine isoscapes provide insight into large-scale trophic dynamics in the North Pacific11
A survey of coastal conditions around the continental US using a high-resolution ocean reanalysis11
Analytic solutions for equatorial, Kelvin, Rossby, and Yanai beams11
Molecular data, ecological niche, and dispersal models reveal a trans-Atlantic shallow-water octopus species11
The Labrador Current cold front shaping the Atlantic salmon homing migration routes from the waters off Southern Greenland to eastern North America11
Temporal variability of a soundscape near a mid-oceanic atoll in the northern Indian ocean11
Diel vertical migration of copepods in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean11
Geophysical controls on metabolic cycling in three Patagonian fjords11
On the benefits of using cell quotas in addition to intracellular elemental ratios in flexible-stoichiometry Plankton functional type models. Application to the Mediterranean Sea11
Circulation and dispersal in California’s Borderland Basins11
Lateral redistribution of heat and salt in the Nordic Seas11
The summer bacterial and archaeal community composition of the northern Barents Sea11
Nutrient streams in the North Pacific11
Variability of plankton size distribution and controlling factors across a coastal frontal zone11
Winter microalgal communities of the southern Sea of Okhotsk: A comparison of sea ice, coastal, and basinal seawater11
Variation of amino acid in the sinking particulates in the northeastern Arabian Sea and the northern Bay of Bengal10
Editorial Board10
At the base of deep-sea food webs: Assemblage and trophic structure of suprabenthos and zooplankton in submarine canyons10
Weak seasonality in benthic food web structure within an Arctic inflow shelf region10
What makes a marine heatwave forecast useable, useful and used?10
Investigation of marine temperature changes across temporal and spatial Gradients: Providing a fundament for studies on the effects of warming on marine ecosystem function and biodiversity10
Steric heights of submesoscale processes and internal gravity waves in the subtropical northwestern Pacific and northern South China Sea as revealed by moored observations10
Abundance and habitats of marine cladocerans in the Sea of Japan over two decades10
Uniform bathymetric zonation of marine benthos on a Pan-Arctic scale10
Internal wave energetics and interactions with mesoscale structures in the Sicily Channel area10
Modelling the multiple action pathways of projected climate change on the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) early life stages10
Understanding tidal mixing at the Strait of Gibraltar: A high-resolution model approach10
Assessing net primary production in the northwestern Barents Sea using in situ, remote sensing and modelling approaches10
Editorial Board10
State, variability, and trophic interactions in the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic10
Editorial Board10
Spatial asymmetry of nonlinear internal waves in the Lombok Strait10
Eddy heat transport across the Luzon Strait derived from current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounder observations10
Spatiotemporal variations in vertical profiles of Fukushima-derived 137Cs in the Kuroshio-Oyashio confluence region from 2011 to 2018: Implications for local water mass dynamics and basin-scale circul10
Characterization of intraseasonal fluctuations in the abyssal South China Sea: An insight into the energy pathway10
The efficiency of the microbial carbon pump as seen from the relationship between apparent oxygen utilization and fluorescent dissolved organic matter9
Pre-molt dispersal and use of marine protected areas by Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) at the southernmost oceanic regions of South America9
A time-average ocean: Thermal wind and flow spirals9
Improving coral monitoring by reducing variability and bias in cover estimates from seabed images9
Habitat shifts of the vulnerable crinoid Leptometra phalangium under climate change scenarios9
When phytoplankton do not bloom: the case of the dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum in southern Brittany (France) assessed by environmental DNA9
The role of seasonal circulation in the variability of dynamic parameters of internal solitary waves in the Sulu Sea9
Community composition and distribution of epi- and suprabenthic macrofauna in the bathyal, abyssal, and hadal zones of the northern North Pacific9
Editorial Board9
Effects of climate change on the steric height and heat content in the Ballenas Channel, Gulf of California, Mexico (1939–2011)9
Sclerochronological records of environmental variability and bivalve growth in the Pacific Arctic9
Top-down control over dissolved organic carbon in the bottom water of the Weddell Sea and its implication for the continental shelf pump9
Bathyopsurus sonnei sp. nov. – A new species of the rare deep-sea isopod genus (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota) from the Aleutian Trench, north-eastern Pacific with notes on the Bathyopsurinae9
Seasonal dynamics of the carbonate system under complex circulation schemes on a large continental shelf: The northern South China Sea9
System controls of coastal and open ocean oxygen depletion9
Water mass evolution and general circulation of Baffin Bay: Observations from two shipboard surveys in 20219
Changes in glacial meltwater system around Amundsen sea Polynya illustrated by radium and oxygen isotopes9
Altimeter-derived poleward Lagrangian pathways in the California Current System: Part 19
Editorial Board9
Ice algae as supplementary food rather than major energy source for the Barents sea zooplankton community9
High uncertainty in fish bioenergetics impedes precision of fish-mediated carbon transport estimates into the ocean’s twilight zone9
On the nature of wind-forced upwelling and downwelling in Mackenzie Canyon, Beaufort Sea9
Trophic architecture as a predictor of ecosystem resilience and resistance in the eastern Pacific8
Editorial Board8
Biomass of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (80–150°E) in the 2018–19 austral summer8
Spatial and temporal variations in the micronutrient Fe across the Peruvian shelf from 1984 to 20178
Spatial variation in the optical and molecular properties of dissolved organic matter in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea8
Abundance and microbial diversity from surface to deep water layers over the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic8
Occurrence and emissions of biogenic dimethylated sulfur compounds and their responses to mesoscale eddies and typhoon Yutu in the western tropical Pacific Ocean8
Tagging of Atlantic bluefin tuna off Ireland reveals use of distinct oceanographic hotspots8
Similarities of distributions and feeding habits between Bullet tuna, Auxis rochei, and Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, larvae in the southern Sea of Japan8
First characterization of upper mesophotic coral assemblages in Santo Antão (Cabo Verde, East Atlantic Ocean): Demographic and community approaches provide baseline ecological data8
Southern Bay of Bengal: A possible hotspot for CO2 emission during the summer monsoon8
Rapid vulnerability assessment of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) fisheries facing climate change in Mexico8
Temporal methane variability in the water column of an area of seasonal coastal upwelling: A study based on a 12 year time series8
The role of the Atlantic-Ionian stream in the long-term variability of the surface circulation in the Northern Ionian Sea: Results from a hindcast simulation8
Distribution of stable oxygen isotope in seawater and implication on freshwater cycle off the coast from Wilkes to George V Land, East Antarctica8
Temporal dynamics of total microbial biomass and particulate detritus at Station ALOHA8
Bottom-up processes drive reproductive success of Japanese anchovy in an oligotrophic sea: A case study in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan8
Experimental construction of eddy real-time structure based on gradient-dependent OI in the Kuroshio-Oyashio confluence region8
Body size, depth of occurrence, and local oceanography shape trophic structure in a diverse deep-pelagic micronekton assemblage8
The Arctic Oscillation controls interannual transport and fate of particulate organic carbon on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf8
Size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and primary production in the eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean in the austral summer 2018/20198
Gelatinous zooplankton off the Northeast Greenland coast8
Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community assembly at the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (BBMO), NW Mediterranean Sea8
Recent nutrient enrichment and high biological productivity in the Labrador Sea is tied to enhanced winter convection8
Oceanographic influences on the early life stages of a mesopelagic fish across the Chilean Patagonia8
In situ benthic community response to a phytodetritus pulse in the Cabo Verde Abyssal Basin (tropical NE Atlantic)8
Deep ocean prokaryotes and fluorescent dissolved organic matter reflect the history of the water masses across the Atlantic Ocean8
Greater resilience of reef fish assemblages in a no-take reserve compared to multi-use areas of the Gulf of California8
Impacts of inertial internal wave breaking mixing parameterization on a global ocean model7
Editorial Board7
Incoherent signatures of internal tides in the Tokara Strait modulated by the Kuroshio7
Trophic sources and pathways of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters based on stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen7
Mechanisms underlying the epipelagic ecosystem response to ENSO in the equatorial Pacific ocean7
Spatio-temporal changes in the macrozooplankton community in the eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summers: A comparison between 1996 and 2018–20197
A high-resolution ocean bottom temperature product for the northeast U.S. continental shelf marine ecosystem7
Distribution patterns of micronektonic crustaceans (Decapoda, Euphausiacea, and Lophogastrida) in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean7
Cross-shelf exchange associated with a shelf-water streamer at the Mid-Atlantic Bight shelf edge7
Editorial Board7
Zooplankton link climate to capelin and polar cod in the Barents Sea7
Pelagic ciliate (Ciliophora) communities in the Southern Ocean: Bioindicator to water mass, habitat suitability classification and potential response to global warming7
Long-term hydrographic changes in the Gulf of California and ecological impacts: A crack in the World’s Aquarium?7
An analysis of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean using the Arctic subpolar gyre state estimate and observations7
Biogeochemical and physical linkages between the Arctic Ocean and Sub-Arctic Pacific through marginal seas7
Using bottom trawls to monitor subsurface water clarity in marine ecosystems7
Editorial Board7
Ongoing borealization of Siberian Arctic marine ichthyofauna: Further evidence7
Reduced phytoplankton biomass in a subtropical plume-upwelling system induced by typhoons Bailu and Podul7
INSAT-3D SST and its diurnal variability assessment using in-situ and MODIS observations7
Biogeochemical variability in the California Current System7
Automated classification of fauna in seabed photographs: The impact of training and validation dataset size, with considerations for the class imbalance7
Intraseasonal response of marine planktonic ecosystem to summertime Madden-Julian Oscillation in the South China Sea: A model study7
Patterns of mesozooplankton community composition and vertical fluxes in the global ocean6
Abyssal fauna, benthic microbes, and organic matter quality across a range of trophic conditions in the western Pacific ocean6
Shelled pteropod abundance and distribution across the Mediterranean Sea during spring6
Bowhead whale year-round acoustic presence and habitat associations in the Amundsen Gulf, Western Canadian Arctic, 2018–20196
Community structure of fish larvae associated with advections of the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters6
Circulation and overturning in the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre6
Carbon and nitrogen isoscape of particulate organic matter in the East China Sea6
Nutriclines and nutrient stoichiometry in the eastern Arabian Sea: Intra-annual variations and controlling mechanisms6
Summer zooplankton assemblages in the Barents Sea: Spatial variations and effects of environmental conditions as revealed from in situ and satellite data6
Marine cold-spells6
Microeukaryotes have unexpected importance in cold seep food webs through predation and parasitism6
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