IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Article	Citations
50 Years of Transactions on Software Engineering	572
Enhancing Protocol Fuzzing via Diverse Seed Corpus Generation	351
Question Selection for Multimodal Code Search Synthesis Using Probabilistic Version Spaces	250
Computation Tree Logic Guided Program Repair	138
Confirmation Bias and Time Pressure: A Family of Experiments in Software Testing	132
Shield Broken: Black-Box Adversarial Attacks on LLM-Based Vulnerability Detectors	128
Towards Scalable Model Checking of Reflective Systems via Labeled Transition Systems	126
Can We Trust the Phone Vendors? Comprehensive Security Measurements on the Android Firmware Ecosystem	125
Just-in-Time Prediction of Software Architectural Changes Through Commit-Level Analyses	124
Influence of the 1990 IEEE TSE Paper “Automated Software Test Data Generation” on Software Engineering	112
Enhancing Mobile App Bug Reporting via Real-Time Understanding of Reproduction Steps	108
The Why, When, What, and How About Predictive Continuous Integration: A Simulation-Based Investigation	106
Prevent: An Unsupervised Approach to Predict Software Failures in Production	106
A Retrospective on Whole Test Suite Generation: On the Role of SBST in the Age of LLMs	100
Enhancing Project-Specific Code Completion by Inferring Internal API Information	99
Deobfuscation of Control Flow Flattening Based on Abstract Interpretation	96
Combining Genetic Programming and Model Checking to Generate Environment Assumptions	85
Are Your Dependencies Code Reviewed?: Measuring Code Review Coverage in Dependency Updates	84
To Do or Not to Do: Semantics and Patterns for Do Activities in UML PSSM State Machines	82
Answering Uncertain, Under-Specified API Queries Assisted by Knowledge-Aware Human-AI Dialogue	80
Recommending API Function Calls and Code Snippets to Support Software Development	78
Mission Specification Patterns for Mobile Robots: Providing Support for Quantitative Properties	78
Efficiently Testing Distributed Systems via Abstract State Space Prioritization	76
Visibility of Domain Elements in the Elicitation Process Interviews: A Family of Empirical Studies	75
DSSDPP: Data Selection and Sampling Based Domain Programming Predictor for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	75

How Composite Metamorphic Relations Enhance Test Effectiveness of DNN Testing: An Empirical Study	74
A Declarative Metamorphic Testing Framework for Autonomous Driving	73
Multi-Granularity Detector for Vulnerability Fixes	73
Do as You Say: Consistency Detection of Data Practice in Program Code and Privacy Policy in Mini-App	72
Advanced Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection via LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Systems	71
Automatic Fairness Testing of Neural Classifiers Through Adversarial Sampling	71
Socio-Technical Grounded Theory for Software Engineering	70
2023 Reviewers List	66
Multimodal Fusion for Android Malware Detection Based on Large Pre-Trained Models	65
Towards a Cognitive Model of Dynamic Debugging: Does Identifier Construction Matter?	65
Mutation Testing in Practice: Insights From Open-Source Software Developers	64
Mitigating False Positive Static Analysis Warnings: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities	63
Neural Library Recommendation by Embedding Project-Library Knowledge Graph	62
Esale: Enhancing Code-Summary Alignment Learning for Source Code Summarization	60
A Wizard of Oz Study Simulating API Usage Dialogues With a Virtual Assistant	59
Mask–Mediator–Wrapper Architecture as a Data Mesh Driver	58
T-Evos: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study on CI Test Execution and Failure	56
Mole: Efficient Crash Reproduction in Android Applications With Enforcing Necessary UI Events	56
Detecting Malicious Packages in PyPI and NPM by Clustering Installation Scripts	55
PerfJIT: Test-Level Just-in-Time Prediction for Performance Regression Introducing Commits	55
An Empirical Study of Software Refactorings in Real-World Open-Source Java Projects	55
Efficient State Identification for Finite State Machine-Based Testing	54
Automated Code Editing With Search-Generate-Modify	53
δ-SCALPEL: Docker Image Slimming Based on Source Code Static Analysis	53
Systematic Evaluation and Usability Analysis of Formal Methods Tools for Railway Signaling System Design	52
A Systematic Review of IoT Systems Testing: Objectives, Approaches, Tools, and Challenges	52
Trace Diagnostics for Signal-Based Temporal Properties	51
Measuring the Fidelity of a Physical and a Digital Twin Using Trace Alignments	51
MASTER: Multi-Source Transfer Weighted Ensemble Learning for Multiple Sources Cross-Project Defect Prediction	51
Robust Test Selection for Deep Neural Networks	50
An Empirical Study of Refactoring Rhythms and Tactics in the Software Development Process	49
A Theory of Pending Schemas in Combinatorial Testing	48
Boosting Compiler Fault Localization: Getting the Best of Both Worlds by Fusing Dynamic and Historical Data	47
P-NPR: Practical Neural Program Repair via Learning to Ensemble	46
GenMorph: Automatically Generating Metamorphic Relations via Genetic Programming	45
Detecting Software Security Vulnerabilities Via Requirements Dependency Analysis	45
Multi-Objective Software Defect Prediction via Multi-Source Uncertain Information Fusion and Multi-Task Multi-View Learning	45
A Faceted Taxonomy of Requirements Changes in Agile Contexts	44
Annotative Software Product Line Analysis Using Variability-Aware Datalog	43
Program Synthesis for Cyber-Resilience	43
Discovering Reusable Functional Features in Legacy Object-Oriented Systems	43
Evaluating and Improving GPT-Based Expansion of Abbreviations	42
Legion: Massively Composing Rankers for Improved Bug Localization at Adobe	42
Human-in-the-Loop Automatic Program Repair	42
MBL-CPDP: A Multi-Objective Bilevel Method for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	41
An Empirical Study of C++ Vulnerabilities in Crowd-Sourced Code Examples	41
Evolutionary generation of test suites for multi-path coverage of MPI programs with non-determinism	41
An Experience Report on Producing Verifiable Builds for Large-Scale Commercial Systems	41
TransformCode: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Code Embedding via Subtree Transformation	41
AC2Next: A Novel Model That Can Predict the Next Animation API by Fusing the Animation API Context and the UI Animation Task	40

Generalized Coverage Criteria for Combinatorial Sequence Testing	40
An Empirical Study of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning in Code Change Learning and Beyond	40
Context-Aware Personalized Crowdtesting Task Recommendation	40
API2Vec++: Boosting API Sequence Representation for Malware Detection and Classification	39
Weighted Community Division for Automated Software Architecture Refactoring	39
Pull Request Decisions Explained: An Empirical Overview	39
Formal Equivalence Checking for Mobile Malware Detection and Family Classification	39
Leveraging Large Language Model for Automatic Patch Correctness Assessment	39
Decision Support for Selecting Blockchain-Based Application Design Patterns With Layered Taxonomy and Quality Attributes	38
Triple Peak Day: Work Rhythms of Software Developers in Hybrid Work	38
EpiTESTER: Testing Autonomous Vehicles With Epigenetic Algorithm and Attention Mechanism	38
LLMorpheus: Mutation Testing Using Large Language Models	38
How Should Software Engineering Secondary Studies Include Grey Material?	37
On the Understandability of MLOps System Architectures	37
Can Clean New Code Reduce Technical Debt Density?	37
Pathidea: Improving Information Retrieval-Based Bug Localization by Re-Constructing Execution Paths Using Logs	37
Specializing Neural Networks for Cryptographic Code Completion Applications	36
From Tea Leaves to System Maps: A Survey and Framework on Context-Aware Machine Learning Monitoring	36
Microservice Extraction Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation of Logical Independence and Performance	35
DiffGAN: A Test Generation Approach for Differential Testing of Deep Neural Networks for Image Analysis	35
Typestate-Based Fault Localization of API Usage Violations in a Deep Learning Program	35
Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning for Improving Retrieve-and-Edit Based Assertion Generation	34
What Drives and Sustains Self-Assignment in Agile Teams	34
Test Flakiness Across Programming Languages	34
When Voice Meets Touch: Conflict Analysis in Mobile Applications	34
“Estimating Software Project Effort Using Analogies”: Reflections After 28 Years	34
Automated Refactoring of Non-Idiomatic Python Code With Pythonic Idioms	34
Experimental Evaluation of Test-Driven Development With Interns Working on a Real Industrial Project	33
Continuously Managing NFRs: Opportunities and Challenges in Practice	33
SigRec: Automatic Recovery of Function Signatures in Smart Contracts	33
Exploring and Analyzing Software Architecture Refactoring in Practice	33
Revisiting Test Impact Analysis in Continuous Testing From the Perspective of Code Dependencies	32
Increasing the Confidence of Deep Neural Networks by Coverage Analysis	32
Evaluating and Improving Unified Debugging	32
Self-Admitted GenAI Usage in Open-Source Software	32
Just-In-Time Obsolete Comment Detection and Update	32
A Study About the Knowledge and Use of Requirements Engineering Standards in Industry	32
Evaluation of Static Vulnerability Detection Tools With Java Cryptographic API Benchmarks	32
Automated Commit Message Generation With Large Language Models: An Empirical Study and Beyond	31
Nighthawk: Fully Automated Localizing UI Display Issues via Visual Understanding	31
Data Quality Matters: A Case Study on Data Label Correctness for Security Bug Report Prediction	31
Cost-Effective Adversarial Attacks Against Code LLM With Model Attention	31
Beyond Functional Correctness: Exploring Hallucinations in LLM-Generated Code	31
Mind the Gap! A Study on the Transferability of Virtual Versus Physical-World Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems	30
How Do Developers Structure Unit Test Cases? An Empirical Analysis of the AAA Pattern in Open Source Projects	30
Empirical Validation of Automated Vulnerability Curation and Characterization	30
DAppSCAN: Building Large-Scale Datasets for Smart Contract Weaknesses in DApp Projects	30
Detecting Continuous Integration Skip Commits Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Search	30
Improving Cross-Language Code Clone Detection via Code Representation Learning and Graph Neural Networks	29
Practitioners’ Expectations on Log Anomaly Detection	29
Towards Exploring Developers’ Struggles in Developing Upgradeable Smart Contracts	29
The Analysis of Safety Critical Software Systems	29
Reaching Software Quality for Bioinformatics Applications: How Far Are We?	28
Understanding the Robustness of Transformer-Based Code Intelligence via Code Transformation: Challenges and Opportunities	28
From Executable Specifications to Hard-to-Specify Requirements: Challenges in Describing Reactive System Behavior	28
Provably Valid and Diverse Mutations of Real-World Media Data for DNN Testing	28
A Systematic Study on Real-World Android App Bundles	27
FlakyFix: Using Large Language Models for Predicting Flaky Test Fix Categories and Test Code Repair	27
Are You Still Working on This? An Empirical Study on Pull Request Abandonment	27
Predictive Comment Updating With Heuristics and AST-Path-Based Neural Learning: A Two-Phase Approach	27
STRE: An Automated Approach to Suggesting App Developers When to Stop Reading Reviews	26
The Impact of Prompt Programming on Function-Level Code Generation	26
Causality-Aware Safety Testing for Autonomous Driving Systems	26
Large-Scale Empirical Analysis of Continuous Fuzzing: Insights from 1 Million Fuzzing Sessions	26
CRPWarner: Warning the Risk of Contract-Related Rug Pull in DeFi Smart Contracts	25
Deconstructing the Nature of Collaboration in Organizations Open Source Software Development: The Impact of Developer and Task Characteristics	25
Assessing Evaluation Metrics for Neural Test Oracle Generation	25
Cross-Language Taint Analysis: Generating Caller-Sensitive Native Code Specification for Java	25
Effect of Requirements Analyst Experience on Elicitation Effectiveness: A Family of Quasi-Experiments	25
Line-Level Defect Prediction by Capturing Code Contexts With Graph Convolutional Networks	24
A Variability Fault Localization Approach for Software Product Lines	24
On the Validity of Pre-Trained Transformers for Natural Language Processing in the Software Engineering Domain	24
Misactivation-Aware Stealthy Backdoor Attacks on Neural Code Understanding Models	24
NumScout: Unveiling Numerical Defects in Smart Contracts Using LLM-Pruning Symbolic Execution	24
Predicting Defective Lines Using a Model-Agnostic Technique	24
Diversity-Oriented Testing for Competitive Game Agent via Constraint-Guided Adversarial Agent Training	24
Causes and Canonicalization of Unreproducible Builds in Java	23
Subgraph-Oriented Testing for Deep Learning Libraries	23
Stakeholder Preference Extraction From Scenarios	23
The Power of Small LLMs: A Multi-Agent for Code Generation via Dynamic Precaution Tuning	23

iTCRL: Causal-Intervention-Based Trace Contrastive Representation Learning for Microservice Systems	23
Domain-Driven Design for Microservices: An Evidence-Based Investigation	23
Parameterized Verification of Leader/Follower Systems via Arithmetic Constraints	23
Unearthing Gas-Wasting Code Smells in Smart Contracts With Large Language Models	23
Automated Use-After-Free Detection and Exploit Mitigation: How Far Have We Gone?	23
Mithra: Anomaly Detection as an Oracle for Cyberphysical Systems	22
A Grounded Theory of Cross-Community SECOs: Feedback Diversity Versus Synchronization	22
ArchHypo: Managing Software Architecture Uncertainty Using Hypotheses Engineering	22
A Comparison of Natural Language Understanding Platforms for Chatbots in Software Engineering	22
Beyond the Sum of Parts: Leveraging Entanglement for Bug Inducing Commit Localization	22
SmartOracle: Generating Smart Contract Oracle via Fine-Grained Invariant Detection	22
FCGHunter: Towards Evaluating Robustness of Graph-Based Android Malware Detection	22
Range Specification Bug Detection in Flight Control System Through Fuzzing	22
Towards Robust Detection for Malicious Injection Variants	22
Do Pretrained Language Models Indeed Understand Software Engineering Tasks?	22
Forecasting the Principal of Code Technical Debt in JavaScript Applications	22
Beyond Literal Meaning: Uncover and Explain Implicit Knowledge in Code Through Wikipedia-Based Concept Linking	22
DyCITO+: Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Generating Class Integration Test Orders of Java Programs	22
Hashing Fuzzing: Introducing Input Diversity to Improve Crash Detection	22
Automated Infrastructure as Code Program Testing	21
Practical Mutation Testing at Scale: A view from Google	21
Does Treatment Adherence Impact Experiment Results in TDD?	21
Retrospective on: Constraint-Based Automatic Test Data Generation	21
Syntactic Versus Semantic Similarity of Artificial and Real Faults in Mutation Testing Studies	21
CodeS+: Towards Assessing the Generalization Ability of Code Models Under Distribution Shift	21
How Templated Requirements Specifications Inhibit Creativity in Software Engineering	21
Boosting Generalizable Fairness With Mahalanobis Distances Guided Boltzmann Exploratory Testing	21
Let’s Talk With Developers, Not About Developers: A Review of Automatic Program Repair Research	21
A Survey on the Use of Computer Vision to Improve Software Engineering Tasks	21
PopArt: Ranked Testing Efficiency	21
PATEN: Identifying Unpatched Third-Party APIs via Fine-Grained Patch-Enhanced AST-Level Signature	20
Clopper-Pearson Algorithms for Efficient Statistical Model Checking Estimation	20
Engineering Within Boundaries When Software Has None	20
Do Chase Your Tail! Missing Key Aspects Augmentation in Textual Vulnerability Descriptions of Long-Tail Software Through Feature Inference	20
Translating to a Low-Resource Language with Compiler Feedback: A Case Study on Cangjie	20
Evaluating SZZ Implementations: An Empirical Study on the Linux Kernel	20
A Little Help Goes a Long Way: Tutoring LLMs in Solving Competitive Programming Through Hints	20
Concretization of Abstract Traffic Scene Specifications Using Metaheuristic Search	20
Studying the Influence and Distribution of the Human Effort in a Hybrid Fitness Function for Search-Based Model-Driven Engineering	20
Emerging App Issue Identification via Online Joint Sentiment-Topic Tracing	20
Runtime Evolution of Bitcoin's Consensus Rules	20
Accelerating Finite State Machine-Based Testing Using Reinforcement Learning	20
The “Question Neighbourhood” Approach for Systematic Evaluation of Code-Generating LLMs	20
Bridging Bug Localization and Issue Fixing: A Hierarchical Localization Framework Leveraging Large Language Models	19
Generating Structurally Realistic Models With Deep Autoregressive Networks	19
The Human Side of Software Engineering Teams: An Investigation of Contemporary Challenges	19
Learning to Predict User-Defined Types	19
Multitask-Based Evaluation of Open-Source LLM on Software Vulnerability	19
Dealing With Data Challenges When Delivering Data-Intensive Software Solutions	19
SCAnoGenerator: Automatic Anomaly Injection for Ethereum Smart Contracts	19
Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Models	19
Towards More Precise Coincidental Correctness Detection With Deep Semantic Learning	19
Active Code Learning: Benchmarking Sample-Efficient Training of Code Models	19
Verification of Fuzzy Decision Trees	18
Darcy: Automatic Architectural Inconsistency Resolution in Java	18
An Assessment of Rules of Thumb for Software Phase Management, and the Relationship Between Phase Effort and Schedule Success	18
Investigating the Feasibility of Conducting Webcam-Based Eye-Tracking Studies in Code Comprehension	18
How Software Developers Mitigate Their Errors When Developing Code	18
A Retrospective of Proving the Correctness of Multiprocess Programs	18
Finding Trends in Software Research	18
A Search-Based Testing Approach for Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents	18
RNN-Test: Towards Adversarial Testing for Recurrent Neural Network Systems	18
Malo in the Code Jungle: Explainable Fault Localization for Decentralized Applications	18
Software Testing With Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Vision	18
Examiner-Pro: Testing Arm Emulators Across Different Privileges	18
MultiPL-E: A Scalable and Polyglot Approach to Benchmarking Neural Code Generation	18
Fast and Precise Static Null Exception Analysis With Synergistic Preprocessing	18
FlexFL: Flexible and Effective Fault Localization With Open-Source Large Language Models	18
AddressWatcher: Sanitizer-Based Localization of Memory Leak Fixes	17
Active Learning of Discriminative Subgraph Patterns for API Misuse Detection	17
Isolating Compiler Faults Through Differentiated Compilation Configurations	17
How Toxic Can You Get? Search-Based Toxicity Testing for Large Language Models	17
A Procedure to Continuously Evaluate Predictive Performance of Just-In-Time Software Defect Prediction Models During Software Development	17
Enforcing Correctness of Collaborative Business Processes Using Plans	17
On the Workflows and Smells of Leaderboard Operations (LBOps): An Exploratory Study of Foundation Model Leaderboards	17
DaNuoYi: Evolutionary Multitask Injection Testing on Web Application Firewalls	17
Factors Affecting On-Time Delivery in Large-Scale Agile Software Development	17
Comparing Block-Based Programming Models for Two-Armed Robots	17
A Framework for Emotion-Oriented Requirements Change Handling in Agile Software Engineering	17
Static Profiling of Alloy Models	17
Neural Transfer Learning for Repairing Security Vulnerabilities in C Code	17
OpCodeBERT: A Method for Python Code Representation Learning by BERT With Opcode	16
Let's Go to the Whiteboard (Again): Perceptions From Software Architects on Whiteboard Architecture Meetings	16
State of the Journal	16
Consistent Local-First Software: Enforcing Safety and Invariants for Local-First Applications	16
Robotic Visual GUI Testing for Truly Non-Intrusive Test Automation of Touch Screen Applications	16
Using Symbolic States to Infer Numerical Invariants	16
A Retrospective on Mining Version Histories to Guide Software Changes	16
A Systematical Study on Application Performance Management Libraries for Apps	16
Retrospective: Data Mining Static Code Attributes to Learn Defect Predictors	16
Obstacle Analysis in Requirements Engineering: Retrospective and Emerging Challenges	16
PackHunter: Recovering Missing Packages for C/C++ Projects	16
Vercation: Precise Vulnerable Open-Source Software Version Identification Based on Static Analysis and LLM	16
Safety and Performance, Why Not Both? Bi-Objective Optimized Model Compression Against Heterogeneous Attacks Toward AI Software Deployment	16
Distilling Quality Enhancing Comments From Code Reviews to Underpin Reviewer Recommendation	16