IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Article	Citations
50 Years of Transactions on Software Engineering	489
Prevent: An Unsupervised Approach to Predict Software Failures in Production	446
Confirmation Bias and Time Pressure: A Family of Experiments in Software Testing	331
To Do or Not to Do: Semantics and Patterns for Do Activities in UML PSSM State Machines	217
What Leads to a Confirmatory or Disconfirmatory Behavior of Software Testers?	167
Just-in-Time Prediction of Software Architectural Changes Through Commit-Level Analyses	152
The Why, When, What, and How About Predictive Continuous Integration: A Simulation-Based Investigation	137
Recommending API Function Calls and Code Snippets to Support Software Development	114
A Retrospective on Whole Test Suite Generation: On the Role of SBST in the Age of LLMs	110
Enhancing Project-Specific Code Completion by Inferring Internal API Information	109
Automatic Fairness Testing of Neural Classifiers Through Adversarial Sampling	107
Computation Tree Logic Guided Program Repair	103
Enhancing Protocol Fuzzing via Diverse Seed Corpus Generation	100
Review Dynamics and Their Impact on Software Quality	100
Question Selection for Multimodal Code Search Synthesis Using Probabilistic Version Spaces	98
Influence of the 1990 IEEE TSE Paper “Automated Software Test Data Generation” on Software Engineering	92
Do as You Say: Consistency Detection of Data Practice in Program Code and Privacy Policy in Mini-App	92
Grammar Based Directed Testing of Machine Learning Systems	88
Are Your Dependencies Code Reviewed?: Measuring Code Review Coverage in Dependency Updates	86
DSSDPP: Data Selection and Sampling Based Domain Programming Predictor for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	79
Theoretical and Empirical Analyses of the Effectiveness of Metamorphic Relation Composition	79
Combining Genetic Programming and Model Checking to Generate Environment Assumptions	77
Towards Scalable Model Checking of Reflective Systems via Labeled Transition Systems	74
Mission Specification Patterns for Mobile Robots: Providing Support for Quantitative Properties	72
Efficiently Testing Distributed Systems via Abstract State Space Prioritization	67

Enhancing Mobile App Bug Reporting via Real-Time Understanding of Reproduction Steps	66
Advanced Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection via LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Systems	65
A Declarative Metamorphic Testing Framework for Autonomous Driving	65
Answering Uncertain, Under-Specified API Queries Assisted by Knowledge-Aware Human-AI Dialogue	64
Multi-Granularity Detector for Vulnerability Fixes	62
Socio-Technical Grounded Theory for Software Engineering	61
Multimodal Fusion for Android Malware Detection Based on Large Pre-Trained Models	61
Can We Trust the Phone Vendors? Comprehensive Security Measurements on the Android Firmware Ecosystem	61
2023 Reviewers List	61
An Empirical Study of Software Refactorings in Real-World Open-Source Java Projects	60
Mole: Efficient Crash Reproduction in Android Applications With Enforcing Necessary UI Events	58
Mask–Mediator–Wrapper Architecture as a Data Mesh Driver	58
A Theory of Pending Schemas in Combinatorial Testing	57
T-Evos: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study on CI Test Execution and Failure	57
Towards a Cognitive Model of Dynamic Debugging: Does Identifier Construction Matter?	57
Multi-Objective Software Defect Prediction via Multi-Source Uncertain Information Fusion and Multi-Task Multi-View Learning	56
Efficient state identification for finite state machine-based testing	54
Mutation Testing in Practice: Insights From Open-Source Software Developers	54
Detecting Malicious Packages in PyPI and npm by Clustering Installation Scripts	54
Measuring the Fidelity of a Physical and a Digital Twin Using Trace Alignments	53
Neural Library Recommendation by Embedding Project-Library Knowledge Graph	53
Robust Test Selection for Deep Neural Networks	53
PerfJIT: Test-Level Just-in-Time Prediction for Performance Regression Introducing Commits	53
An Empirical Study of Refactoring Rhythms and Tactics in the Software Development Process	52
Systematic Evaluation and Usability Analysis of Formal Methods Tools for Railway Signaling System Design	51
Trace Diagnostics for Signal-Based Temporal Properties	51
Testing with Fewer Resources: An Adaptive Approach to Performance-Aware Test Case Generation	50
The Impact of Surface Features on Choice of (in)Secure Answers by Stackoverflow Readers	49
Mitigating False Positive Static Analysis Warnings: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities	48
A Wizard of Oz Study Simulating API Usage Dialogues With a Virtual Assistant	48
Detecting Software Security Vulnerabilities Via Requirements Dependency Analysis	48
Esale: Enhancing Code-Summary Alignment Learning for Source Code Summarization	48
Automated Code Editing With Search-Generate-Modify	47
A Systematic Review of IoT Systems Testing: Objectives, Approaches, Tools, and Challenges	47
GenMorph: Automatically Generating Metamorphic Relations via Genetic Programming	46
MASTER: Multi-Source Transfer Weighted Ensemble Learning for Multiple Sources Cross-Project Defect Prediction	46
Automatic Repair of Timestamp Comparisons	45
Pathidea: Improving Information Retrieval-Based Bug Localization by Re-Constructing Execution Paths Using Logs	45
Generalized Coverage Criteria for Combinatorial Sequence Testing	45
Decision Support for Selecting Blockchain-Based Application Design Patterns With Layered Taxonomy and Quality Attributes	45
Pull Request Decisions Explained: An Empirical Overview	44
Evolutionary generation of test suites for multi-path coverage of MPI programs with non-determinism	44
Leveraging Large Language Model for Automatic Patch Correctness Assessment	43
TransformCode: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Code Embedding via Subtree Transformation	43
On the Understandability of MLOps System Architectures	43
MBL-CPDP: A Multi-Objective Bilevel Method for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	41
Annotative Software Product Line Analysis Using Variability-Aware Datalog	41
Legion: Massively Composing Rankers for Improved Bug Localization at Adobe	40
Discovering Reusable Functional Features in Legacy Object-Oriented Systems	40
A Faceted Taxonomy of Requirements Changes in Agile Contexts	39

CODIT: Code Editing With Tree-Based Neural Models	38
Triple Peak Day: Work Rhythms of Software Developers in Hybrid Work	38
Program Synthesis for Cyber-Resilience	38
Can Clean New Code Reduce Technical Debt Density?	37
Improving Vulnerability Inspection Efficiency Using Active Learning	37
Evaluating and Improving GPT-Based Expansion of Abbreviations	37
How Should Software Engineering Secondary Studies Include Grey Material?	37
Context-Aware Personalized Crowdtesting Task Recommendation	36
Formal Equivalence Checking for Mobile Malware Detection and Family Classification	36
API2Vec++: Boosting API Sequence Representation for Malware Detection and Classification	36
How Developers Choose Names	36
LLMorpheus: Mutation Testing Using Large Language Models	36
EpiTESTER: Testing Autonomous Vehicles With Epigenetic Algorithm and Attention Mechanism	35
An Empirical Study of C++ Vulnerabilities in Crowd-Sourced Code Examples	35
Specializing Neural Networks for Cryptographic Code Completion Applications	34
Human-in-the-Loop Automatic Program Repair	34
Evaluating and Improving Unified Debugging	34
An Experience Report on Producing Verifiable Builds for Large-Scale Commercial Systems	34
“Estimating Software Project Effort Using Analogies”: Reflections After 28 Years	34
Experimental Evaluation of Test-Driven Development With Interns Working on a Real Industrial Project	33
Microservice Extraction Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation of Logical Independence and Performance	33
A Study of Call Graph Construction for JVM-Hosted Languages	33
Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning for Improving Retrieve-and-Edit Based Assertion Generation	32
Just-In-Time Obsolete Comment Detection and Update	32
CloudRaid: Detecting Distributed Concurrency Bugs via Log Mining and Enhancement	32
DiffGAN: A Test Generation Approach for Differential Testing of Deep Neural Networks for Image Analysis	32
From Tea Leaves to System Maps: A Survey and Framework on Context-aware Machine Learning Monitoring	32
Automated Refactoring of Non-Idiomatic Python Code With Pythonic Idioms	32
Practitioners’ Expectations on Log Anomaly Detection	32
Detecting Continuous Integration Skip Commits Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Search	32
Studying Ad Library Integration Strategies of Top Free-to-Download Apps	32
Evaluation of Static Vulnerability Detection Tools With Java Cryptographic API Benchmarks	31
Revisiting Test Impact Analysis in Continuous Testing From the Perspective of Code Dependencies	31
DAppSCAN: Building Large-Scale Datasets for Smart Contract Weaknesses in DApp Projects	31
A Study About the Knowledge and Use of Requirements Engineering Standards in Industry	31
Test Flakiness Across Programming Languages	31
Empirical Validation of Automated Vulnerability Curation and Characterization	31
SigRec: Automatic Recovery of Function Signatures in Smart Contracts	31
How Do Developers Structure Unit Test Cases? An Empirical Analysis of the AAA Pattern in Open Source Projects	31
Quantitative Verification for Monitoring Event-Streaming Systems	31
Continuously Managing NFRs: Opportunities and Challenges in Practice	30
Nighthawk: Fully Automated Localizing UI Display Issues via Visual Understanding	30
What Drives and Sustains Self-Assignment in Agile Teams	30
Watch Out for Extrinsic Bugs! A Case Study of Their Impact in Just-In-Time Bug Prediction Models on the OpenStack Project	30
Automated Commit Message Generation With Large Language Models: An Empirical Study and Beyond	30
Increasing the Confidence of Deep Neural Networks by Coverage Analysis	30
Mind the Gap! A Study on the Transferability of Virtual Versus Physical-World Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems	30
The Analysis of Safety Critical Software Systems	29
Data Quality Matters: A Case Study on Data Label Correctness for Security Bug Report Prediction	29
A Chaos Engineering System for Live Analysis and Falsification of Exception-Handling in the JVM	29
Effect of Requirements Analyst Experience on Elicitation Effectiveness: A Family of Quasi-Experiments	29
From Executable Specifications to Hard-to-Specify Requirements: Challenges in Describing Reactive System Behavior	28
Understanding the Robustness of Transformer-Based Code Intelligence via Code Transformation: Challenges and Opportunities	28
Why My App Crashes? Understanding and Benchmarking Framework-Specific Exceptions of Android Apps	28
Towards Exploring Developers’ Struggles in Developing Upgradeable Smart Contracts	28
Line-Level Defect Prediction by Capturing Code Contexts With Graph Convolutional Networks	28
Efficient Summary Reuse for Software Regression Verification	28
FlakyFix: Using Large Language Models for Predicting Flaky Test Fix Categories and Test Code Repair	27
STRE: An Automated Approach to Suggesting App Developers When to Stop Reading Reviews	27
Assessing Evaluation Metrics for Neural Test Oracle Generation	27
Provably Valid and Diverse Mutations of Real-World Media Data for DNN Testing	27
CRPWarner: Warning the Risk of Contract-Related Rug Pull in DeFi Smart Contracts	27
A Systematic Study on Real-World Android App Bundles	27
The Effectiveness of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms in Predicting Software Refactoring	27
NumScout: Unveiling Numerical Defects in Smart Contracts Using LLM-Pruning Symbolic Execution	27
Scrutinizing Implementations of Smart Home Integrations	27
Cross-Language Taint Analysis: Generating Caller-Sensitive Native Code Specification for Java	27
Predictive Comment Updating With Heuristics and AST-Path-Based Neural Learning: A Two-Phase Approach	27
On the Validity of Pre-Trained Transformers for Natural Language Processing in the Software Engineering Domain	26
Optimization of Software Release Planning Considering Architectural Dependencies, Cost, and Value	26
Are You Still Working on This? An Empirical Study on Pull Request Abandonment	26
Deconstructing the Nature of Collaboration in Organizations Open Source Software Development: The Impact of Developer and Task Characteristics	26
ASTRAEA: Grammar-based Fairness Testing	26
The Impact of Prompt Programming on Function-Level Code Generation	26
Predicting Defective Lines Using a Model-Agnostic Technique	25
Improving Cross-Language Code Clone Detection via Code Representation Learning and Graph Neural Networks	25
A Grounded Theory of Cross-Community SECOs: Feedback Diversity Versus Synchronization	25
A Qualitative Study of the Benefits and Costs of Logging From Developers’ Perspectives	25
An Empirical Study of Model-Agnostic Techniques for Defect Prediction Models	25
Forecasting the Principal of Code Technical Debt in JavaScript Applications	24

Automated Infrastructure as Code Program Testing	24
Sentinel: A Hyper-Heuristic for the Generation of Mutant Reduction Strategies	24
ArchHypo: Managing Software Architecture Uncertainty Using Hypotheses Engineering	24
iTCRL: Causal-Intervention-Based Trace Contrastive Representation Learning for Microservice Systems	24
Diversity-Oriented Testing for Competitive Game Agent via Constraint-Guided Adversarial Agent Training	24
A Comparison of Natural Language Understanding Platforms for Chatbots in Software Engineering	23
Do Pretrained Language Models Indeed Understand Software Engineering Tasks?	23
SmartOracle: Generating Smart Contract Oracle via Fine-Grained Invariant Detection	23
Syntactic Versus Semantic Similarity of Artificial and Real Faults in Mutation Testing Studies	23
Hashing Fuzzing: Introducing Input Diversity to Improve Crash Detection	23
Parameterized Verification of Leader/Follower Systems via Arithmetic Constraints	23
Unearthing Gas-Wasting Code Smells in Smart Contracts With Large Language Models	23
RefactoringMiner 2.0	23
A Variability Fault Localization Approach for Software Product Lines	23
Let’s Talk With Developers, Not About Developers: A Review of Automatic Program Repair Research	22
How Templated Requirements Specifications Inhibit Creativity in Software Engineering	22
Misactivation-Aware Stealthy Backdoor Attacks on Neural Code Understanding Models	22
Automated Use-After-Free Detection and Exploit Mitigation: How Far Have We Gone?	22
Range Specification Bug Detection in Flight Control System Through Fuzzing	22
Stakeholder Preference Extraction From Scenarios	22
Mithra: Anomaly Detection as an Oracle for Cyberphysical Systems	22
A Survey on the Use of Computer Vision to Improve Software Engineering Tasks	22
Towards More Precise Coincidental Correctness Detection With Deep Semantic Learning	21
Explaining Static Analysis With Rule Graphs	21
Domain-Driven Design for Microservices: An Evidence-Based Investigation	21
Accelerating Finite State Machine-Based Testing Using Reinforcement Learning	21
Practical Mutation Testing at Scale: A view from Google	21
PopArt: Ranked Testing Efficiency	21
The Human Side of Software Engineering Teams: An Investigation of Contemporary Challenges	21
Active Code Learning: Benchmarking Sample-Efficient Training of Code Models	21
Beyond Literal Meaning: Uncover and Explain Implicit Knowledge in Code Through Wikipedia-Based Concept Linking	21
Retrospective on: Constraint-Based Automatic Test Data Generation	21
Verification of Fuzzy Decision Trees	21
Boosting Generalizable Fairness With Mahalanobis Distances Guided Boltzmann Exploratory Testing	21
Restore: Retrospective Fault Localization Enhancing Automated Program Repair	20
Translating to a Low-Resource Language with Compiler Feedback: A Case Study on Cangjie	20
Generating Structurally Realistic Models With Deep Autoregressive Networks	20
The “Question Neighbourhood” Approach for Systematic Evaluation of Code-Generating LLMs	20
Does Treatment Adherence Impact Experiment Results in TDD?	20
PATEN: Identifying Unpatched Third-Party APIs via Fine-Grained Patch-Enhanced AST-Level Signature	20
Emerging App Issue Identification via Online Joint Sentiment-Topic Tracing	20
Runtime Evolution of Bitcoin's Consensus Rules	20
Learning to Predict User-Defined Types	20
Engineering Within Boundaries When Software Has None	20
TkT: Automatic Inference of Timed and Extended Pushdown Automata	20
Studying the Influence and Distribution of the Human Effort in a Hybrid Fitness Function for Search-Based Model-Driven Engineering	19
Evaluating SZZ Implementations: An Empirical Study on the Linux Kernel	19
Dealing With Data Challenges When Delivering Data-Intensive Software Solutions	19
Concretization of Abstract Traffic Scene Specifications Using Metaheuristic Search	19
SCAnoGenerator: Automatic Anomaly Injection for Ethereum Smart Contracts	19
Multitask-Based Evaluation of Open-Source LLM on Software Vulnerability	19
Comparative Analysis of Constraint Handling Techniques for Constrained Combinatorial Testing	19
Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Models	19
A Little Help Goes a Long Way: Tutoring LLMs in Solving Competitive Programming through Hints	19
Software Testing With Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Vision	19
Do Chase Your Tail! Missing Key Aspects Augmentation in Textual Vulnerability Descriptions of Long-Tail Software Through Feature Inference	19
Reuse of Similarly Behaving Software Through Polymorphism-Inspired Variability Mechanisms	19
Clopper-Pearson Algorithms for Efficient Statistical Model Checking Estimation	19
Defining Smart Contract Defects on Ethereum	18
DaNuoYi: Evolutionary Multitask Injection Testing on Web Application Firewalls	18
On the Workflows and Smells of Leaderboard Operations (LBOps): An Exploratory Study of Foundation Model Leaderboards	18
A Retrospective of Proving the Correctness of Multiprocess Programs	18
Fast and Precise Static Null Exception Analysis With Synergistic Preprocessing	18
A Procedure to Continuously Evaluate Predictive Performance of Just-In-Time Software Defect Prediction Models During Software Development	18
An Assessment of Rules of Thumb for Software Phase Management, and the Relationship Between Phase Effort and Schedule Success	18
Enforcing Correctness of Collaborative Business Processes Using Plans	18
Active Learning of Discriminative Subgraph Patterns for API Misuse Detection	17
Finding Trends in Software Research	17
AddressWatcher: Sanitizer-Based Localization of Memory Leak Fixes	17
Comparing Block-Based Programming Models for Two-Armed Robots	17
Neural Transfer Learning for Repairing Security Vulnerabilities in C Code	17
Isolating Compiler Faults Through Differentiated Compilation Configurations	17
Malo in the Code Jungle: Explainable Fault Localization for Decentralized Applications	17
Static Profiling of Alloy Models	17
FlexFL: Flexible and Effective Fault Localization With Open-Source Large Language Models	17
Examiner-Pro: Testing Arm Emulators Across Different Privileges	17
Heuristic and Neural Network Based Prediction of Project-Specific API Member Access	17
Reading Answers on Stack Overflow: Not Enough!	16
Utilizing Automatic Query Reformulations as Genetic Operations to Improve Feature Location in Software Models	16
Automatic Generation of Acceptance Test Cases From Use Case Specifications: An NLP-Based Approach	16
Distilling Quality Enhancing Comments From Code Reviews to Underpin Reviewer Recommendation	16
PackHunter: Recovering Missing Packages for C/C++ Projects	16
A Framework for Emotion-Oriented Requirements Change Handling in Agile Software Engineering	16
Factors Affecting On-Time Delivery in Large-Scale Agile Software Development	16
Darcy: Automatic Architectural Inconsistency Resolution in Java	16
MultiPL-E: A Scalable and Polyglot Approach to Benchmarking Neural Code Generation	16
Using Symbolic States to Infer Numerical Invariants	16
Consistent Local-First Software: Enforcing Safety and Invariants for Local-First Applications	16
A Search-Based Testing Approach for Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents	16
How Toxic Can You Get? Search-based Toxicity Testing for Large Language Models	16
RNN-Test: Towards Adversarial Testing for Recurrent Neural Network Systems	16
How Software Developers Mitigate Their Errors When Developing Code	16
A Systematic Literature Review of Machine Learning Approaches for Migrating Monolithic Systems to Microservices	16
A Theory of Value for Value-Based Feature Selection in Software Engineering	16
Software Architecture Description Revisited	15