IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Article	Citations
50 Years of Transactions on Software Engineering	588
Question Selection for Multimodal Code Search Synthesis Using Probabilistic Version Spaces	369
Computation Tree Logic Guided Program Repair	259
Confirmation Bias and Time Pressure: A Family of Experiments in Software Testing	140
Shield Broken: Black-Box Adversarial Attacks on LLM-Based Vulnerability Detectors	135
Towards Scalable Model Checking of Reflective Systems via Labeled Transition Systems	130
Can We Trust the Phone Vendors? Comprehensive Security Measurements on the Android Firmware Ecosystem	130
Influence of the 1990 IEEE TSE Paper “Automated Software Test Data Generation” on Software Engineering	127
Just-in-Time Prediction of Software Architectural Changes Through Commit-Level Analyses	127
Prevent: An Unsupervised Approach to Predict Software Failures in Production	114
Enhancing Mobile App Bug Reporting via Real-Time Understanding of Reproduction Steps	114
The Why, When, What, and How About Predictive Continuous Integration: A Simulation-Based Investigation	111
A Retrospective on Whole Test Suite Generation: On the Role of SBST in the Age of LLMs	107
Enhancing Project-Specific Code Completion by Inferring Internal API Information	100
Deobfuscation of Control Flow Flattening Based on Abstract Interpretation	99
Combining Genetic Programming and Model Checking to Generate Environment Assumptions	87
Are Your Dependencies Code Reviewed?: Measuring Code Review Coverage in Dependency Updates	86
To Do or Not to Do: Semantics and Patterns for Do Activities in UML PSSM State Machines	85
Answering Uncertain, Under-Specified API Queries Assisted by Knowledge-Aware Human-AI Dialogue	84
Recommending API Function Calls and Code Snippets to Support Software Development	80
Mission Specification Patterns for Mobile Robots: Providing Support for Quantitative Properties	79
Efficiently Testing Distributed Systems via Abstract State Space Prioritization	77
A Declarative Metamorphic Testing Framework for Autonomous Driving	76
Automatic Fairness Testing of Neural Classifiers Through Adversarial Sampling	75
Visibility of Domain Elements in the Elicitation Process Interviews: A Family of Empirical Studies	74

Do as You Say: Consistency Detection of Data Practice in Program Code and Privacy Policy in Mini-App	74
DSSDPP: Data Selection and Sampling Based Domain Programming Predictor for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	73
Advanced Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection via LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Systems	72
How Composite Metamorphic Relations Enhance Test Effectiveness of DNN Testing: An Empirical Study	72
Tackling Expressive Feature-Modeling Constructs with Pseudo-Boolean d-DNNF Compilation	67
Multi-Granularity Detector for Vulnerability Fixes	66
Socio-Technical Grounded Theory for Software Engineering	66
MalElves: Reinforcement Learning-Driven Adversarial Example Generation for Evading Cross-Platform ELF Malware Detection	66
Enhancing Protocol Fuzzing via Diverse Seed Corpus Generation	65
2023 Reviewers List	62
Towards a Cognitive Model of Dynamic Debugging: Does Identifier Construction Matter?	62
Mutation Testing in Practice: Insights From Open-Source Software Developers	61
Esale: Enhancing Code-Summary Alignment Learning for Source Code Summarization	57
Mole: Efficient Crash Reproduction in Android Applications With Enforcing Necessary UI Events	56
T-Evos: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study on CI Test Execution and Failure	56
A Wizard of Oz Study Simulating API Usage Dialogues With a Virtual Assistant	56
Detecting Malicious Packages in PyPI and NPM by Clustering Installation Scripts	55
Trace Diagnostics for Signal-Based Temporal Properties	54
P-NPR: Practical Neural Program Repair via Learning to Ensemble	54
MASTER: Multi-Source Transfer Weighted Ensemble Learning for Multiple Sources Cross-Project Defect Prediction	54
Measuring the Fidelity of a Physical and a Digital Twin Using Trace Alignments	54
Robust Test Selection for Deep Neural Networks	53
Boosting Compiler Fault Localization: Getting the Best of Both Worlds by Fusing Dynamic and Historical Data	52
A Theory of Pending Schemas in Combinatorial Testing	52
An Empirical Study of Refactoring Rhythms and Tactics in the Software Development Process	52
Mask–Mediator–Wrapper Architecture as a Data Mesh Driver	51
An Empirical Study of Software Refactorings in Real-World Open-Source Java Projects	50
Efficient State Identification for Finite State Machine-Based Testing	49
Multi-Objective Software Defect Prediction via Multi-Source Uncertain Information Fusion and Multi-Task Multi-View Learning	49
Neural Library Recommendation by Embedding Project-Library Knowledge Graph	47
Systematic Evaluation and Usability Analysis of Formal Methods Tools for Railway Signaling System Design	47
GenMorph: Automatically Generating Metamorphic Relations via Genetic Programming	47
Multimodal Fusion for Android Malware Detection Based on Large Pre-Trained Models	47
Automated Code Editing With Search-Generate-Modify	45
A Systematic Review of IoT Systems Testing: Objectives, Approaches, Tools, and Challenges	44
δ-SCALPEL: Docker Image Slimming Based on Source Code Static Analysis	44
Mitigating False Positive Static Analysis Warnings: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities	43
Program Synthesis for Cyber-Resilience	43
Towards Automated Discovery of Asymmetric Mempool DoS in Blockchains	43
MBL-CPDP: A Multi-Objective Bilevel Method for Cross-Project Defect Prediction	42
An Empirical Study of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning in Code Change Learning and Beyond	42
Evolutionary generation of test suites for multi-path coverage of MPI programs with non-determinism	42
AC2Next: A Novel Model That Can Predict the Next Animation API by Fusing the Animation API Context and the UI Animation Task	41
Generalized Coverage Criteria for Combinatorial Sequence Testing	41
Triple Peak Day: Work Rhythms of Software Developers in Hybrid Work	41
A Faceted Taxonomy of Requirements Changes in Agile Contexts	40
Evaluating and Improving GPT-Based Expansion of Abbreviations	40
TransformCode: A Contrastive Learning Framework for Code Embedding via Subtree Transformation	40
Annotative Software Product Line Analysis Using Variability-Aware Datalog	40
Context-Aware Personalized Crowdtesting Task Recommendation	40

API2Vec++: Boosting API Sequence Representation for Malware Detection and Classification	39
An Experience Report on Producing Verifiable Builds for Large-Scale Commercial Systems	39
Formal Equivalence Checking for Mobile Malware Detection and Family Classification	39
Weighted Community Division for Automated Software Architecture Refactoring	39
Decision Support for Selecting Blockchain-Based Application Design Patterns With Layered Taxonomy and Quality Attributes	38
On the Understandability of MLOps System Architectures	38
Leveraging Large Language Model for Automatic Patch Correctness Assessment	37
Human-in-the-Loop Automatic Program Repair	37
Discovering Reusable Functional Features in Legacy Object-Oriented Systems	37
How Should Software Engineering Secondary Studies Include Grey Material?	37
Pull Request Decisions Explained: An Empirical Overview	37
Pathidea: Improving Information Retrieval-Based Bug Localization by Re-Constructing Execution Paths Using Logs	37
LLMorpheus: Mutation Testing Using Large Language Models	36
EpiTESTER: Testing Autonomous Vehicles With Epigenetic Algorithm and Attention Mechanism	35
Legion: Massively Composing Rankers for Improved Bug Localization at Adobe	35
Specializing Neural Networks for Cryptographic Code Completion Applications	34
DiffGAN: A Test Generation Approach for Differential Testing of Deep Neural Networks for Image Analysis	34
What Drives and Sustains Self-Assignment in Agile Teams	34
From Tea Leaves to System Maps: A Survey and Framework on Context-Aware Machine Learning Monitoring	34
Test Flakiness Across Programming Languages	34
Continuously Managing NFRs: Opportunities and Challenges in Practice	33
When Voice Meets Touch: Conflict Analysis in Mobile Applications	33
Evaluating and Improving Unified Debugging	33
Self-Admitted GenAI Usage in Open-Source Software	33
Exploring and Analyzing Software Architecture Refactoring in Practice	33
“Estimating Software Project Effort Using Analogies”: Reflections After 28 Years	33
Automated Refactoring of Non-Idiomatic Python Code With Pythonic Idioms	33
Microservice Extraction Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation of Logical Independence and Performance	32
Beyond Functional Correctness: Exploring Hallucinations in LLM-Generated Code	32
Revisiting Test Impact Analysis in Continuous Testing From the Perspective of Code Dependencies	32
Typestate-Based Fault Localization of API Usage Violations in a Deep Learning Program	32
Just-In-Time Obsolete Comment Detection and Update	32
Automated Commit Message Generation With Large Language Models: An Empirical Study and Beyond	31
How Do Developers Structure Unit Test Cases? An Empirical Analysis of the AAA Pattern in Open Source Projects	31
Empirical Validation of Automated Vulnerability Curation and Characterization	31
Nighthawk: Fully Automated Localizing UI Display Issues via Visual Understanding	30
Practitioners’ Expectations on Log Anomaly Detection	30
Data Quality Matters: A Case Study on Data Label Correctness for Security Bug Report Prediction	30
Detecting Continuous Integration Skip Commits Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Search	30
Cost-Effective Adversarial Attacks Against Code LLM With Model Attention	30
Increasing the Confidence of Deep Neural Networks by Coverage Analysis	29
A Study About the Knowledge and Use of Requirements Engineering Standards in Industry	29
SigRec: Automatic Recovery of Function Signatures in Smart Contracts	29
Mind the Gap! A Study on the Transferability of Virtual Versus Physical-World Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems	29
Evaluation of Static Vulnerability Detection Tools With Java Cryptographic API Benchmarks	29
Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning for Improving Retrieve-and-Edit Based Assertion Generation	29
Towards Exploring Developers’ Struggles in Developing Upgradeable Smart Contracts	28
The Analysis of Safety Critical Software Systems	28
DAppSCAN: Building Large-Scale Datasets for Smart Contract Weaknesses in DApp Projects	28
Understanding the Robustness of Transformer-Based Code Intelligence via Code Transformation: Challenges and Opportunities	27
Improving Cross-Language Code Clone Detection via Code Representation Learning and Graph Neural Networks	27
Predictive Comment Updating With Heuristics and AST-Path-Based Neural Learning: A Two-Phase Approach	26
A Systematic Study on Real-World Android App Bundles	26
Are You Still Working on This? An Empirical Study on Pull Request Abandonment	26
Reaching Software Quality for Bioinformatics Applications: How Far Are We?	26
Large-Scale Empirical Analysis of Continuous Fuzzing: Insights from 1 Million Fuzzing Sessions	26
From Executable Specifications to Hard-to-Specify Requirements: Challenges in Describing Reactive System Behavior	26
The Impact of Prompt Programming on Function-Level Code Generation	26
Deconstructing the Nature of Collaboration in Organizations Open Source Software Development: The Impact of Developer and Task Characteristics	25
AdaptGen: A Problem-Adaptive Solution Template Generation Technique for Online Programming Platforms	25
STRE: An Automated Approach to Suggesting App Developers When to Stop Reading Reviews	25
Does AI Code Review Lead to Code Changes? A Case Study of GitHub Actions	25
Causality-Aware Safety Testing for Autonomous Driving Systems	25
On the Validity of Pre-Trained Transformers for Natural Language Processing in the Software Engineering Domain	24
FlakyFix: Using Large Language Models for Predicting Flaky Test Fix Categories and Test Code Repair	24
Provably Valid and Diverse Mutations of Real-World Media Data for DNN Testing	24
Cross-Language Taint Analysis: Generating Caller-Sensitive Native Code Specification for Java	24
CRPWarner: Warning the Risk of Contract-Related Rug Pull in DeFi Smart Contracts	23
Diversity-Oriented Testing for Competitive Game Agent via Constraint-Guided Adversarial Agent Training	23
Causes and Canonicalization of Unreproducible Builds in Java	23
iTCRL: Causal-Intervention-Based Trace Contrastive Representation Learning for Microservice Systems	23
Effect of Requirements Analyst Experience on Elicitation Effectiveness: A Family of Quasi-Experiments	23
Line-Level Defect Prediction by Capturing Code Contexts With Graph Convolutional Networks	23
A Variability Fault Localization Approach for Software Product Lines	23
The Power of Small LLMs: A Multi-Agent for Code Generation via Dynamic Precaution Tuning	23
Parameterized Verification of Leader/Follower Systems via Arithmetic Constraints	23
Assessing Evaluation Metrics for Neural Test Oracle Generation	23
NumScout: Unveiling Numerical Defects in Smart Contracts Using LLM-Pruning Symbolic Execution	23
Misactivation-Aware Stealthy Backdoor Attacks on Neural Code Understanding Models	23
Subgraph-Oriented Testing for Deep Learning Libraries	23

Domain-Driven Design for Microservices: An Evidence-Based Investigation	22
A Grounded Theory of Cross-Community SECOs: Feedback Diversity Versus Synchronization	22
Beyond the Sum of Parts: Leveraging Entanglement for Bug Inducing Commit Localization	22
Beyond Literal Meaning: Uncover and Explain Implicit Knowledge in Code Through Wikipedia-Based Concept Linking	22
Automated Use-After-Free Detection and Exploit Mitigation: How Far Have We Gone?	22
Towards Robust Detection for Malicious Injection Variants	22
FCGHunter: Towards Evaluating Robustness of Graph-Based Android Malware Detection	22
Forecasting the Principal of Code Technical Debt in JavaScript Applications	22
Mithra: Anomaly Detection as an Oracle for Cyberphysical Systems	22
Do Pretrained Language Models Indeed Understand Software Engineering Tasks?	22
CodeS+: Towards Assessing the Generalization Ability of Code Models Under Distribution Shift	21
Unearthing Gas-Wasting Code Smells in Smart Contracts With Large Language Models	21
SmartOracle: Generating Smart Contract Oracle via Fine-Grained Invariant Detection	21
Syntactic Versus Semantic Similarity of Artificial and Real Faults in Mutation Testing Studies	21
How Templated Requirements Specifications Inhibit Creativity in Software Engineering	21
ArchHypo: Managing Software Architecture Uncertainty Using Hypotheses Engineering	21
Range Specification Bug Detection in Flight Control System Through Fuzzing	21
Let’s Talk With Developers, Not About Developers: A Review of Automatic Program Repair Research	21
Hashing Fuzzing: Introducing Input Diversity to Improve Crash Detection	21
A Comparison of Natural Language Understanding Platforms for Chatbots in Software Engineering	21
Automated Infrastructure as Code Program Testing	21
DyCITO+: Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Generating Class Integration Test Orders of Java Programs	20
Boosting Generalizable Fairness With Mahalanobis Distances Guided Boltzmann Exploratory Testing	20
A Little Help Goes a Long Way: Tutoring LLMs in Solving Competitive Programming Through Hints	20
Practical Mutation Testing at Scale: A view from Google	20
Stakeholder Preference Extraction From Scenarios	20
Clopper-Pearson Algorithms for Efficient Statistical Model Checking Estimation	20
Retrospective on: Constraint-Based Automatic Test Data Generation	20
PopArt: Ranked Testing Efficiency	20
Translating to a Low-Resource Language with Compiler Feedback: A Case Study on Cangjie	20
Does Treatment Adherence Impact Experiment Results in TDD?	20
Studying the Influence and Distribution of the Human Effort in a Hybrid Fitness Function for Search-Based Model-Driven Engineering	19
The “Question Neighbourhood” Approach for Systematic Evaluation of Code-Generating LLMs	19
Active Code Learning: Benchmarking Sample-Efficient Training of Code Models	19
Accelerating Finite State Machine-Based Testing Using Reinforcement Learning	19
PATEN: Identifying Unpatched Third-Party APIs via Fine-Grained Patch-Enhanced AST-Level Signature	19
Engineering Within Boundaries When Software Has None	19
SCAnoGenerator: Automatic Anomaly Injection for Ethereum Smart Contracts	19
Do Chase Your Tail! Missing Key Aspects Augmentation in Textual Vulnerability Descriptions of Long-Tail Software Through Feature Inference	19
Verification of Fuzzy Decision Trees	19
Evaluating SZZ Implementations: An Empirical Study on the Linux Kernel	19
Emerging App Issue Identification via Online Joint Sentiment-Topic Tracing	19
Runtime Evolution of Bitcoin's Consensus Rules	19
Learning to Predict User-Defined Types	19
Generating Structurally Realistic Models With Deep Autoregressive Networks	18
Stealthy Backdoor Attack for Code Models	18
Concretization of Abstract Traffic Scene Specifications Using Metaheuristic Search	18
An Assessment of Rules of Thumb for Software Phase Management, and the Relationship Between Phase Effort and Schedule Success	18
Examiner-Pro: Testing Arm Emulators Across Different Privileges	18
Bridging Bug Localization and Issue Fixing: A Hierarchical Localization Framework Leveraging Large Language Models	18
Onboarding Software Professionals in a Hybrid World	18
A Retrospective of Proving the Correctness of Multiprocess Programs	18
AddressWatcher: Sanitizer-Based Localization of Memory Leak Fixes	18
DaNuoYi: Evolutionary Multitask Injection Testing on Web Application Firewalls	18
Dealing With Data Challenges When Delivering Data-Intensive Software Solutions	18
Towards More Precise Coincidental Correctness Detection With Deep Semantic Learning	18
The Human Side of Software Engineering Teams: An Investigation of Contemporary Challenges	18
Software Testing With Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Vision	18
Enforcing Correctness of Collaborative Business Processes Using Plans	18
Multitask-Based Evaluation of Open-Source LLM on Software Vulnerability	18
Finding Trends in Software Research	17
Static Profiling of Alloy Models	17
A Framework for Evaluating GenAI Adoption and Use in Software Engineering	17
Active Learning of Discriminative Subgraph Patterns for API Misuse Detection	17
Investigating the Feasibility of Conducting Webcam-Based Eye-Tracking Studies in Code Comprehension	17
How Toxic Can You Get? Search-Based Toxicity Testing for Large Language Models	17
Malo in the Code Jungle: Explainable Fault Localization for Decentralized Applications	17
A Procedure to Continuously Evaluate Predictive Performance of Just-In-Time Software Defect Prediction Models During Software Development	17
A Search-Based Testing Approach for Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents	17
On the Workflows and Smells of Leaderboard Operations (LBOps): An Exploratory Study of Foundation Model Leaderboards	17
Fast and Precise Static Null Exception Analysis With Synergistic Preprocessing	17
Isolating Compiler Faults Through Differentiated Compilation Configurations	17
Darcy: Automatic Architectural Inconsistency Resolution in Java	17
RNN-Test: Towards Adversarial Testing for Recurrent Neural Network Systems	17
How Software Developers Mitigate Their Errors When Developing Code	17
A Framework for Emotion-Oriented Requirements Change Handling in Agile Software Engineering	17
MultiPL-E: A Scalable and Polyglot Approach to Benchmarking Neural Code Generation	16
PackHunter: Recovering Missing Packages for C/C++ Projects	16
State of the Journal	16
Safety and Performance, Why Not Both? Bi-Objective Optimized Model Compression Against Heterogeneous Attacks Toward AI Software Deployment	16
Vulnerability Detection via Multiple-Graph-Based Code Representation	16
Neural Transfer Learning for Repairing Security Vulnerabilities in C Code	16
FlexFL: Flexible and Effective Fault Localization With Open-Source Large Language Models	16
Let's Go to the Whiteboard (Again): Perceptions From Software Architects on Whiteboard Architecture Meetings	16
DT4LM: Differential Testing for Reliable Language Model Updates in Classification Tasks	16
Consistent Local-First Software: Enforcing Safety and Invariants for Local-First Applications	16
Distilling Quality Enhancing Comments From Code Reviews to Underpin Reviewer Recommendation	16
Factors Affecting On-Time Delivery in Large-Scale Agile Software Development	16
Using Symbolic States to Infer Numerical Invariants	16
A Retrospective on Mining Version Histories to Guide Software Changes	16
OpCodeBERT: A Method for Python Code Representation Learning by BERT With Opcode	16
Software Architecture Description Revisited	16
A Systematical Study on Application Performance Management Libraries for Apps	16
Pride: Prioritizing Documentation Effort Based on a PageRank-Like Algorithm and Simple Filtering Rules	15
Retrospective: Data Mining Static Code Attributes to Learn Defect Predictors	15