Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

Article	Citations
Would the now shelved congestion tax narrow or widen the health equity gap if brought back to NYC?	155
Downstream healthcare use following breast cancer screening: a register-based cohort study	124
Coming to terms with climate change: a glossary for climate change impacts on mental health and well-being	90
Effect of social support on memory ageing of middle-aged and older cancer survivors: a marginal structural modelling approach	53
Chronic postsurgical pain increases postoperative depression risk	53
Impact of socioeconomic status on presentation, care quality and outcomes of patients attended by emergency medical services for dyspnoea: a population-based cohort study	52
Spillover effects of adult children’s schooling on parents’ smoking cessation: evidence from China’s compulsory schooling reform	51
Modifying effect of urban parks on socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence: a cross-sectional population study of Madrid City, Spain	50
Multidimensional energy poverty and acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years of age: evidence from 22 low-income and middle-income countries	46
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the workforce: from psychological distress to the Great Resignation	46
Sex differences in adverse events following seasonal influenza vaccines: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials	45
Air pollution and environmental epidemiological evidence in Chile: alerts for decision-makers and citizens	43
State-level association between income inequality and mortality in the USA, 1989–2019: ecological study	43
Racial and ethnic trends in mental health service utilisation and perceived unmet need in the USA	42
How socio-political change is associated with the number of individually reported negative life events: a population-based study using the German reunification 1989/1990 as an example	40
Frailty index is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: a multicentre cohort study	39
Are housing circumstances associated with faster epigenetic ageing? A commentary on Clairet al	39
Impact of early childhood infection on child development and school performance: a population-based study	38
Objective and subjective accounts of urban exposures for epidemiological research on mental health. Measurement and analysis	38
Is it possible to identify populations experiencing material disadvantage in primary care? A feasibility study using the Clinical Practice Research Database	36
Completeness and representativeness of small area socioeconomic data linked with the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)	30
Bearing the burden of austerity: how do changing mortality rates in the UK compare between men and women?	30
Testing and refining middle-range theory in evaluations of public-health interventions: evidence from recent systematic reviews and trials	30
Contribution of parental health to the subsequent social assistance entry of the family with children: a nationwide register-linked birth cohort study in Finland	29
Conceptual lessons for containing an epidemic of questionable COVID-19 counterfactual comparisons	28

What can death records tell us about multimorbidity?	28
Reversals in past long-term trends in educational inequalities in life expectancy for selected European countries	28
Austerity, economic hardship and access to medications: a repeated cross-sectional population survey study, 2013–2020	28
Inequalities persist in Europe—and COVID-19 does not help	27
Health inequalities in post-COVID-19 outcomes among adults aged 50+ in Europe: has COVID-19 exposed divide between postcommunist countries and Western Europe?	27
Clustering of morbidities and risk of dementia	26
Association between social activity frequency and overall survival in older people: results from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS)	26
Age, period and cohort-related trends in prescription opioid use in the USA, 1999–2018	26
Trends of healthy and unhealthy working life expectancy in Germany between 2001 and 2020 at ages 50 and 60: a question of educational level?	25
Dental attendance and behavioural pathways to adult oral health inequalities	25
Impact of informal caregiving on depressive symptoms among a national cohort of men	25
Associations between modifiable risk factors and frailty: a Mendelian randomisation study	24
Educational inequalities in life expectancy: measures, mapping, meaning	24
Declining COVID-19 mortality risk ratios must be interpreted with caution	23
Housing and health inequities during COVID-19: findings from the national Household Pulse Survey	23
Income mortality paradox by immigrants’ duration of residence in Sweden: a population register-based study	23
Evidence of disparities in the provision of the maternal postpartum 6-week check in primary care in England, 2015–2018: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)	22
Heavy alcohol consumption before and after negative life events in late mid-life: longitudinal latent trajectory analyses	22
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between long working hours and hypertension risk	20
How infodemic intoxicates public health surveillance: from a big to a slow data culture	20
Educational gradients in all-cause mortality in two cohorts in the Czech Republic during the early stage of the postcommunist transition	20
Socioeconomic position and SARS-CoV-2 infections: seroepidemiological findings from a German nationwide dynamic cohort	20
Factors associated with experiencing reassault in Ontario, Canada: a population-based analysis	20
Neighbourhood risk factors of recurrent tuberculosis in Cape Town: a cohort study using geocoded notification data	19
Impact of lifestyle risk factors on admission to nursing home care: a cohort study of 127 108 people aged 60 years and over	19
Bi-directional associations between religious attendance and mental health: findings from a British birth cohort study	18
Nucleus of fairness: epigenetic ageing, social determinants of health and the imperative for proactive preventive measures	18
Importance of population-based longitudinal studies to understanding the impact of COVID-19	18
Impact of built environment change on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a novel longitudinal method and study	18
Role of hospitalisation for substance misuse in marital status transitions: a 47-year follow-up of a Swedish birth cohort	18
Variation in colon cancer survival for patients living and receiving care in London, 2006–2013: does where you live matter?	17
Characteristics of those most vulnerable to employment changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationally representative cross-sectional study in Wales	17
COVID-19 distribution in Bogotá, Colombia: effect of poverty during the first 2 months of pandemic	17
Using agent-based modelling to test hypotheses on the role of neighbourhood social mechanisms in the development of small-area health inequalities	16
Residential mobility and potentially avoidable hospitalisations in a population-based cohort of New Zealand children	16
Investigating the association between income inequality in youth and deaths of despair in Canada: a population-based cohort study from 2006 to 2019	16
Knowing the goal: an inclusive economy that can address the public health challenges of our time	16
Impact of the Finnish Maternity Grant on infant mortality rates in the 20th century: a natural experimental study	16
Associations between cohort study participation and self-reported health and well-being: the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study	15
Characteristics of enrolment in an intensive home-visiting programme among eligible first-time adolescent mothers in England: a linked administrative data cohort study	15
Prevention of COVID-19 among populations experiencing multiple social exclusions	15
Estimated changes in free sugar consumption one year after the UK soft drinks industry levy came into force: controlled interrupted time series analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2011	15
Prenatal and postnatal correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in midlife: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study	15
Socioeconomic status across the early life course predicts gene expression signatures of disease and senescence	14
Poverty trajectories and child and mother well-being outcomes in Ireland: findings from an Irish prospective cohort	14
Association between long working hours and physical inactivity in middle-aged and older adults: a Korean longitudinal study (2006–2020)	14
Redlining in New York City: impacts on particulate matter exposure during pregnancy and birth outcomes	14
Socioeconomic position over the life course and impaired lung function of older adults in Central and Eastern Europe: the HAPIEE study	14
Effect of Universal Credit on young children’s mental health: quasi-experimental evidence from Understanding Society	14
2008 economic crisis impact on perinatal and infant mortality in Southern European countries	13

Joint exposure to parental cancer and income loss during childhood and the child’s socioeconomic position in early adulthood: a Danish and Norwegian register-based cohort study	13
Early-life death of a sibling and primary care utilisation during middle age: a population-wide cohort study	12
Changing prevalence of psychosocial occupational stressors and their impact on employee mental health across birth cohorts	12
Correction:Early-life social and health determinants of adult socioeconomic position: associations and trends across generations	12
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes by age, sex and geographical area among two million public assistance recipients in Japan: a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative claims database	12
Impact of Peru’s women’s emergency centres on the reporting of physical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence	12
Correction:Religious affiliation and COVID-19-related mortality: a retrospective cohort study of prelockdown and postlockdown risks in England and Wales	12
Religion and mental health in young adulthood: a register-based study on differences by religious affiliation in sickness absence due to mental disorders in Finland	12
Correction: Religious affiliation and COVID-19-related mortality: a retrospective cohort study of prelockdown and postlockdown risks in England and Wales	12
Association between socioeconomic disadvantage and severe maternal morbidity and mortality in high-income countries: a systematic review	11
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors among workers: results from the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health study	11
Association between spatial social polarisation and high blood pressure in older adults	11
Prevalence of maternal substance use problems during pregnancy and the first 2 years of life: a whole-population birth cohort of 970 470 Australian children born 2008–2017	11
Impact of lockdown on key workers: findings from the COVID-19 survey in four UK national longitudinal studies	10
Persistent poverty and child dental caries: time-varying exposure analysis	10
Effect of 20 mph speed limits on traffic injuries in Edinburgh, UK: a natural experiment and modelling study	10
Early parental death and its association with children’s mental and economic well-being in adulthood: a nationwide population-based register study	10
Sleep regularity and major adverse cardiovascular events: a device-based prospective study in 72 269 UK adults	10
Morbidity among resettled refugees at arrival in Ontario, Canada (1994–2017): a controlled interrupted time series study examining the effect of the Immigration Refugee Protection Act, 2002	9
Substitutions of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep: associations with mental health in middle-aged and elderly persons	9
Prevalence of congenital heart defects in people with Down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis	9
Partner loss and its effect on frailty trajectories: results from the 13-year follow-up Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)	9
Causal inference and effect estimation using observational data	9
Number of children and risk of dementia: a cohort study	9
Correction:Childhood health and educational disadvantage are associated with adult multimorbidity in the global south: findings from a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys	9
Twenty-first century alienation and health: a research agenda	9
Employment status and self-rated health among Chinese middle-aged and older workers: results from a nationwide longitudinal study	9
High long-term mortality in ischaemic heart disease accentuated among ethnic minorities in Eastern Europe: findings from a prospective all-comers percutaneous coronary intervention registry in Romania	9
Heat-related impacts on all-cause emergency hospitalisation differ by area deprivation and urbanicity: a time-stratified case-crossover study in Japan	9
Ethnic group, socioeconomic position and pregnancy outcome: a mediation model through latent class	9
Longitudinal relationships between early-life homelessness and school-aged asthma and wheezing	9
Correction: Frequent police stops, parental incarceration and mental health: results among US non-Hispanic Black and White adolescent girls and boys	8
Association between the number of social roles and self-rated health: mediation effect byikigaiand the size of close social networks	8
Cognitive maintenance in older adults in social classes: a secondary analysis of the longitudinal SHARE data	8
Factors related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among middle-income and low-income adults in the USA	8
Childhood family income and medication use in youth	8
Income inequality and adherence to 24-hour movement guideline recommendations among adolescents: a multilevel growth curve analysis using longitudinal data from three waves of the Cannabis, Obesity, M	8
Chronic disease prevalence and preventive care among Ontario social housing residents compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study	8
Association of social isolation and loneliness with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in UK Biobank	8
Prediction models of diabetes complications: a scoping review	8
Gender identity and sexual orientation: a glossary	7
Inequalities in adolescent mental health and allocation of students to selective classes in comprehensive schools in Finland: a longitudinal study	7
Is urban regeneration associated with antidepressants or sedative medication users: a registry-based natural experiment	7
Risk of severe mood and anxiety disorders in the adult children of parents with alcohol use disorder: a nationwide cohort study	7
Does (re-)entering the labour market at advanced ages protect against cognitive decline? A matching difference-in-differences approach	7
Municipal social expenditures and maternal health disparities: a study of linked birth and hospitalisation records	7
Ethnic-specific characteristics associated with longitudinal response patterns from prebirth to 12 years: evidence fromGrowing Up in New Zealand	7
Neighbourhood natural space and the narrowing of socioeconomic inequality in years of life lost: a cross-sectional ecological analysis of the Scottish Burden of Disease	7
Inequalities in children’s mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study	7
Psychiatric consequences of a father’s leave policy by nativity: a quasi-experimental study in Sweden	7
Do we need consent to obtain consent? Public and participant feedback to using personal health data for recruitment	7
Impact of offspring and their educational level on readmission and death among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide cohort study using multistate survival models	7
Intergenerational relationship between parental famine exposure and offspring’s obesity risks	7
Flourishing and the scope of medicine and public health	7
Socioeconomic position at the age of 30 and the later risk of a mental disorder: a nationwide population-based register study	7
Transitioning out of work and metabolic syndrome incidence: a longitudinal study among 13 303 older workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank	7
Neurological conditions and subsequent divorce risk in the Nordic countries: the importance of gender and both spouses’ education	7
Hospitalisation and mortality from COVID-19 in Mexican indigenous people: a cross-sectional observational study	7
Trajectories in physical functioning by occupational class among retiring women: the significance of type of retirement and social and health-related factors	7
Income inequality and ‘hospitalisations of despair’ in Canada: a study on longitudinal, population-based data	7
Income disparities in loss in life expectancy after colon and rectal cancers: a Swedish register-based study	7
Effect of same-sex marriage legalisation on the health of ethnic minority lesbian, gay and bisexual people: a quasi-experimental study	7
Lethal use of force surveillance: practical considerations for open-source database linkage	7
Effectiveness of the population-based ‘check your health preventive programme’ conducted in a primary care setting: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial	6
Adverse effects related to tattoos in the community setting: a systematic review	6
Syndemic approach to chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and educational level: a longitudinal cohort study in northwest Italy	6
Associations between adolescent psychiatric disorders and adulthood payment problems: a Norwegian register study of complete birth cohorts of 1995–1997	6
Could diabetes prevention programmes result in the widening of sociodemographic inequalities in type 2 diabetes? Comparison of survey and administrative data for England	6
Work incapacity among family caregivers: a record linkage study	6
Using administrative data to evaluate national policy impacts on child and maternal health: a research framework from the Maternal and Child Health Network (MatCHNet)	6
Trajectories of antidepressant use before and after union dissolution and re-partnering in later life: a prospective total population register-based cohort study	6
Principles and methods of global legal epidemiology	6
Do people reduce compliance with COVID-19 guidelines following vaccination? A longitudinal analysis of matched UK adults	6
Changing relationship between income inequality and mortality	6
Association of census tract-level incarceration rate and life expectancy in New York State	6
Association of disability with mortality in the Spanish adult non-institutionalised population	6
Social capital-based mental health interventions for refugees: Ukraine and beyond	6
Low-income neighbourhood was a key determinant of severe COVID-19 incidence during the first wave of the epidemic in Paris	6
Multimorbidity as assessed by reporting of multiple causes of death: variations by period, sociodemographic characteristics and place of death among older decedents in England and Wales, 2001–2017	6
Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on hospital presentations and admissions in the context of low community transmission: evidence from time series analysis in Melbourne, Australia	6

Food insecurity and mental health: new answers and remaining questions	6
Six-year change in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T with subsequent stroke risk in the general population	6
Closing the health inequity gap during the pandemic: COVID-19 mortality among racial and ethnic groups in Connecticut, March 2020 to December 2021	6
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during landscape fire events and the risk of cardiorespiratory emergency department attendances: a time-series study in Perth, Western Australia	6
Association between matched chronotype and poor mental health among shift workers: a systematic review and meta‐analysis	6
Childhood adversity and COVID-19 outcomes in the UK Biobank	6
Trajectories of phenotypical frailty over a decade in young–old community-dwelling adults: results from the Lc65+ study	5
Economic inequality and depressive symptoms: an individual versus aggregate-level analysis using Mexican survey data	5
Associations of local area level new deal employment in childhood with late life cognition: evidence from the census-linked health and retirement study	5
Perceived discrimination at work: examining social, health and work-related factors as determinants among breast cancer survivors – evidence from the prospective CANTO cohort	5
Intergenerational transmission of health inequalities: towards a life course approach to socioeconomic inequalities in health – a review	5
SARS-CoV-2 testing, test positivity and vaccination in social housing residents compared with the general population: a retrospective population-based cohort study	5
Effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on infant up-to-date and timely vaccination	5
Impact of cuts to local government spending on Sure Start children’s centres on childhood obesity in England: a longitudinal ecological study	5
Inequalities in mental health service utilisation by children and young people: a population survey using linked electronic health records from Northwest London, UK	5
Association between democratic governance and excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study	5
Trends in disability-free life expectancy at age 50 years in Australia between 2001 and 2011 by social disadvantage	5
Evaluating the impact on physical inactivity of Together an Active Future, a partnership approach to physical activity promotion. A difference-in-differences study	5
‘Renoviction’ and health: an emerging research agenda	5
Sex and gender terminology: a glossary for gender-inclusive epidemiology	5
Overdose as a complex contagion: modelling the community spread of overdose events following law enforcement efforts to disrupt the drug market	5
Joint associations of depression, genetic susceptibility and the area of residence for coronary heart disease incidence	5
Causal associations of antioxidants with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive function: a Mendelian randomisation study	5
Sociodemographic determinants of intraurban variations in COVID-19 incidence: the case of Barcelona	5
Comorbidity patterns, family history and breast cancer risk: a latent class analysis	5
Social inequalities in child development: the role of differential exposure and susceptibility to stressful family conditions	5
Lack of consistency in measurement methods and semantics used for network measures in adolescent health behaviour studies using social network analysis: a systematic review	4
Disparities in severe neonatal morbidity and mortality between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal births in Western Australia: a decomposition analysis	4
Interactions between long-term ambient particle exposures and lifestyle on the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes: insight from a large community-based survey	4
Causal links between socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviours and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomisation study	4
Socioeconomic gaps over time in colorectal cancer survival in England: flexible parametric survival analysis	4
Dietary patterns and birth outcomes in the ELSPAC pregnancy cohort	4
COVID-19 infection and outcomes in a population-based cohort of 17 203 adults with intellectual disabilities compared with the general population	4
Response to: 'Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and young people: perspectives on evidence synthesis' by Hossainet al	4
Need for better reporting of trials with surrogate endpoints: SPIRIT|CONSORT-SURROGATE extensions	4
Income and neighbourhood deprivation in relation to obesity in urban dwelling children 0–12 years of age: a cross-sectional study from 2013 to 2019	4
Factors associated with the use of psychedelics, ketamine and MDMA among sexual and gender minority youths in Canada: a machine learning analysis	4
Multimorbidity pattern and risk of dementia in later life: an 11-year follow-up study using a large community cohort and linked electronic health records	4
Longitudinal patterns of childhood homelessness and early adolescent trajectories of internalising and externalising behaviour	4
Strategy for primary prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and mitigation of climate change in Italy	4
Deprivation and exposure to public activities during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales	4
Health-related quality of life associated with sensory impairment in Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cohort study	4
Household income, fetal size and birth weight: an analysis of eight populations	4
Causal effect of shifting from precarious to standard employment on all-cause mortality in Sweden: an emulation of a target trial	4
Trajectories of work ability from mid-life to pensionable age and their association with retirement timing	4
Population frailty trends by education and income levels over a period of 30 years: findings from Swedish registry data	4
Clinical gynaecological perspectives to improve validity in clinical research: comment on the article by Chiuveet al	4
Traumatic brain injury, collision sports participation, and neurodegenerative disorders: narrative power, scientific evidence, and litigation	4
Violent victimisation trajectories from adolescence through adulthood: consequences for sleep problems	4
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves in Scotland: a national record linkage study	4
Sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 burden: changing patterns over four pandemic waves in Israel	4
What does ‘following the guidance’ mean in an era of increasingly pluralistic guidance for the development, evaluation and implementation of interventions?	4
Parental education and occupation in relation to childhood type 1 diabetes: nationwide cohort study	4
Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and young people: perspectives on evidence synthesis	4
Brief intervention using the PaperWeight Armband to identify older people at risk of undernutrition in the community: a preliminary evaluation	4
Comparing population-level mental health of UK workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study using Understanding Society	3
Intergenerational transmission of health inequalities: research agenda for a life course approach to socioeconomic inequalities in health	3
Comparative treatment of homeless persons with an infectious disease in the US emergency department setting: a retrospective approach	3
Small numbers, big impact: making a utilitarian case for the contribution of inclusion health to population health in England	3
Advancing migration and health research by examining return migration	3
Childhood adversity is associated with hospitalisations and survival following external causes and non-communicable diseases: a 46-year follow-up of a Stockholm birth cohort	3
Evaluating bias with loss to follow-up in a community-based cohort: empirical investigation from the CARRS Study	3
Clustering by multiple long-term conditions and social care needs: a cross-sectional study among 10 026 older adults in England	3
Associations of early retirement and mortality risk: a population-based study in Taiwan	3
Mediating role of multimorbidity in inequality in mortality: a register study on the Danish population	3
Exploring the role of blood pressure in the black-white disparity in cardiovascular disease mortality: a causal mediation analysis	3
Maternal cigarette smoking before or during pregnancy increases the risk of severe neonatal morbidity after delivery: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study	3
Cost-effectiveness of extending the HPV vaccination to boys: a systematic review	3
Social inequalities and the pandemic of COVID-19: the case of Rio de Janeiro	3
Key considerations in understanding retirement’s health impact	3
Children’s right to the city and their independent mobility: why it matters for public health	3
Association of food insecurity with mental health status, mental health services utilisation and general healthcare utilisation among US adults	3
Psychotherapy use among migrants: a register-based longitudinal study	3
Personalised multicomponent interventions for tobacco dependence management in low socioeconomic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis	3
Excess mortality among people in homelessness with substance use disorders: a Swedish cohort study	3
Trends in educational inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality and their impact on changes in general mortality inequalities: evidence from England and Wales, Finland, and Italy (Turin)	3
Epidemic of ischaemic heart disease and the educational disparities in China	3
Examining the impact of cuts to local government spending on Sure Start Children’s Centres on childhood obesity: a commentary	3
Effect of smoking on physical function in older adults: a Mendelian randomisation analysis	3
Do chronic diseases moderate the association between psychosocial working conditions and work exit? Longitudinal results from 55 950 Dutch workers	3
Underweight rather than adiposity is an important predictor of death in rural Chinese adults: a cohort study	3
Sex differences in risk of incident microvascular and macrovascular complications: a population-based data-linkage study among 25 713 people with diabetes	3
Changes in all-cause and cause-specific mortality by occupational skill during COVID-19 epidemic in Spain	3
Parental employment quality and the mental health and school performance of children and youth	2
Uterine fibroids and incidence of depression, anxiety and self-directed violence: a cohort study	2
Trends in social inequality in mortality in Denmark 1995–2019: the contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths	2
Long-term effects of urban renewal on health and health inequalities: the Neighbourhoods Law in Barcelona, Spain	2
Associations between type of childhood adversities and labour market participation and employment conditions in young adults	2
High levels of high-sensitivity C reactive protein to albumin ratio can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease	2
Purposes and duties in scientific modelling	2
Differential impact of cervical cancer in immigrant women: a decade-long epidemiological study in the Marche Region, Italy	2
Cognitive ability in offspring conscripts and cardiovascular disease risk in extended family members: assessing the impact of modifiable risk factors on familial risk	2
Accounting for time-varying exposures and covariates in the relationship between obesity and diabetes: analysis using parametric g-formula	2
Drug prescriptions and dementia incidence: a medication-wide association study of 17000 dementia cases among half a million participants	2
Health trends, inequalities and opportunities in South Africa’s provinces, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study	2