Placenta

Article	Citations
Effect of heat stress during late gestation on placentome morphometry of multiparous dairy cattle in a pasture-based system	66
Editorial Board	62
Exploring Placental DNA Methylation in IVF Pregnancies Reveals Male-Specific CpG Signatures and Increased Female Variability	60
Effects of Placenta-Derived Factors on Maternal Megakaryocytes and Thrombopoiesis	52
Swine trophoblast organoids as a robust, physiologic model of porcine placental development	50
Targeted delivery of liposomes to the uterine artery of pregnant rhesus macaques	47
Chronic gestational inflammation: Comparisons of obesity-mediated and preeclampsia-mediated placental inflammation using transcriptomic and histological methods	42
Maternal nutrient restriction in guinea pigs increases resistance in the umbilical artery at mid-gestation.	40
Necroptosis associates with infection severity and birth outcomes in placental malaria	34
Development of novel AOX1 inhibitors to prevent or reverse placental oxidative damage	32
Fetoplacental vascular reactivity is altered in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia	31
Using transcriptome, active enhancer and open chromatin data to define regulatory networks in the placenta	31
Higher long-term blood pressure in women with recurrent preeclampsia than who with single episode of preeclampsia	29
Composition of circulating short-chain fatty acids in gestational diabetes mellitus and their associations with placental immune-metabolic responses	29
Novel 3D in vitro human placenta-on-a-chip model derived using human trophoblast stem cells differentiated towards syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts to mimic both villi and implantati	29
Effects of high-fat diets on placenta and fetal development in female swiss mice	28
Extracellular vesicle signalling and pregnancy- engineering the opportunities	28
Lack of CB1 receptor reduces preterm birth rate in an LPS-induced murine model	27
Pneumocystis is a frequent fungal colonizer of the human placenta at term	27
Flow-void signs of the lower uterine segment are correlated with placenta accreta in the placenta previa after cesarean section.	26
Editorial Board	25
A case of pregnancy-related acute kidney injury following a missed abortion	24
IFPA Pages	24
Effects of benzo(a)pyrene and cerium dioxide nanoparticles co-exposure on major actors of cell stress in human trophoblasts	23
Tissue differentiation along the development of the urinary tract in cavies	23

Placental Histopathology in Risk Pregnancies	23
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Altered Lipid Metabolism in Mouse Placentas Exposed to Alcohol	23
Characterization and in vitro modeling of trophoblast and villous core networks of human first trimester placental cells	22
Detection of heat-stable antibacterial activity in cotyledonary and discoid placentas	22
A 3D culture model to study uterine gland cells as signaling agents in embryo-endometrium relationship	22
Comprehensive analyses of DNA methylation of the TIMP3 promoter in placentas from early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia	21
Presepsin in the amniotic fluid is a useful clinical inflammatory biomarker for the prenatal predictive diagnosis of histologic chorioamnionitis: a retrospective preliminary study	21
Immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus inhibits HUVEC angiogenesis and production of placental growth factor	21
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Amniotic Mesenchymal Cells	21
“Optimal timing for RNA isolation: Recommendations for placenta sample collection under clinical conditions”	21
Unveiling placental development in circadian rhythm-disrupted mice: A photo-acoustic imaging study on unstained tissue	21
Role of osteopontin (OPN) in uterine spiral artery remodeling	20
Placental pathological findings in triplet pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology: a study of 98 cases	20
Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI of retroplacental clear space disruption in placenta accreta spectrum	20
Prediction of maternal and foetal outcomes among patients with preeclampsia using circulatory biomarkers (MMP-9 & ST2) - A prospective cohort study	20
Multiscale and multimodal imaging of utero-placental anatomy and function in pregnancy	20
Exosome enriched leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 and extracellular matrix protein 1 proteins induce abnormal placental angiogenesis in pregnant mice	20
Comparative study of sialic acid content in saliva between preeclampsia and normal gestation patients	20
Placental deficiency during maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection	20
Nitric oxide donor increases umbilical vein blood flow and fetal oxygenation in fetal growth restriction. A pilot study	19
The whole is lesser than the sum of its parts? Dissecting layer-enriched samples of rodent placenta is worth the effort	19
The overview of lactylation in the placenta of preeclampsia	19
Achieving multifunctionality in a single, tissue-sized syncytiotrophoblast cell in humans	18
Potential resolution of placenta previa from the 28th-to the 36th-week of pregnancy: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study	18
Latent profile analysis of newborn dried blood spot (DBS) cyto-and chemo-kines and growth factors and maternal and fetal acute inflammatory responses to amniotic fluid infection.	18
Pre-natal dietary imbalance of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency adversely impacts placental development and fetal growth	18
Placenta accreta after hysteroscopic surgery for intrauterine adhesion	18
Low oxygen-induced ferritinophagy is responsible for heightened ferroptosis in the placenta in fetal growth restriction	18
The production of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors via the activation of protein kinase C in the placenta of pregnant diabetic mice	18
Trypanosoma cruzi induced trophoblast differentiation is mediated by MIR-19B	17
Placental expression of 8 microRNAs identified as potential upstream regulators of estrogen related receptor γ (ERRγ) in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction	17
Understanding the shear stress response of the syncytiotrophoblast	17
Butyrate increases maternal liver lipid accretion and ameliorates fetal markers of fatty liver programming	17
Early Childhood Growth in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Control Study	17
Risk of COVID-19 maternofetal transmission at term: new evidence against placental infection by SARS-CoV-2	17
Expression analysis of the alternative splicing of DROSHA in the trophoblast cell line BeWo	17
The Effect of glucose on the release and proteomic content of heterogeneous populations of extracellular vesicle subtypes from placental cells	17
Comparing villous branching of zebra, horse and human placenta using 3D imaging	17
A retrospective study of manual removal or expectant management for retained product of conception after the third trimester delivery	16
S-glutathionylation, a redox-switch involved in placental angiogenic balance and preeclampsia	16
Exosome-enriched plasma analysis as a tool for the early detection of hypertensive gestations	16
Down-regulation of PGRMC1 promotes cellular senescence accompanying the decidualization via induction of FOXO1 expression in endometrial stromal cells	16
The impact of maternal Zika virus infection on long-term neurodevelopment:	16
DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation contributes to CYP11A1 expression in progesterone synthesis in placental trophoblast syncytialization	16
The role of glutamitc oxaloacetic transaminase in placentas of pregnancies complicated with IUGR	16
Developing of a novel therapeutic agent for FGR through Drug repositioning	16
Trophoblast-mediated spatial changes in hydrogel matrix properties	16
T2* weighted MRI: A non-invasive method to assess placental function in vivo	16
Association between maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods, lipid biomarkers of de novo lipogenesis in plasma and human milk, and postpartum depression: Investigation in a Brazilian cohort of p	15
Protocol for the quantitative analysis of images retrieved by multiplex immunofluorescence staining to allow cell type-specific spatial phenotyping of markers of interest in the human placenta	15

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals altered placental microenvironment due to maternal high-fat diet	15
Morphological and functional changes in placentas from prolonged pregnancies	15
Metformin ameliorates trophoblastic immunometabolic disorders via attenuating TLR4/NF-κB signaling through ATXN7L3-mediated histone H2B monoubiquitination	15
Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling perfusion measurements in 2nd trimester human placenta with varying BMI	15
A novel technique to estimate intravillous fetal vasculature on routine placenta histologic sections	15
Whole transcriptome analysis of trophoblasts under hypoxia	15
Hydrogen sulfide promotes migration of trophoblast cells by a Rho GTPase mediated actin cytoskeleton reorganization	15
Deep learning for fetal inflammatory response diagnosis in the umbilical cord	15
Villitis of unknown etiology, chronic deciduitis, chronic chorioamnionitis and chronic histiocytic intervillositis in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pregnancies. A retrospective analysis of 16 cases	15
Spheroid formation induces chemokine production in trophoblast-derived Swan71 cells	14
Placental extracellular vesicles induce ovarian tumour cell death in an ex vivo explant model: Possible therapeutic potential	14
Characterization and in vitro modeling of trophoblast and villous core networks of human first trimester placental cells	14
Baby's best Foe-riend: Endogenous retroviruses and the evolution of eutherian reproduction	14
Investigating the effects of beta blockers on fetal vasculature	14
Corrigendum to PVT1/miR-145-5p/HK2 modulates vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype switch via glycolysis: The new perspective on the spiral artery remodeling [Placenta 130 (2022) 25–33]	14
Editorial Board	14
The differential placental expression of ERp44 and pre-eclampsia; association with placental zinc, the ERAP1 and the renin-angiotensin-system	14
Detecting abnormal placental microvascular flow in maternal and fetal diseases based on flow-compensated and non-compensated intravoxel incoherent motion imaging	13
Human implantation: The complex interplay between endometrial receptivity, inflammation, and the microbiome	13
Altered release of thrombomodulin and HMGB1 in the placenta complicated with preeclampsia	13
Are there differences between monochorionic twin placentas after spontaneous and assisted conception?	13
Placental Aquaporin-3: A potential molecular target for aspirin in the treatment of preeclampsia	13
Letter to the editor on “The MRI estimations of placental thickness and cervical length correlate with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in patients with risk for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders”	13
ARID1A recruits GATA2 to regulate the senescence of trophoblast cells under high-glucose condition	13
METTL3 suppressing SLC31A1 m6A modification regulates trophoblast migration and invasion	13
Upregulation of METTL14 contributes to trophoblast dysfunction by elevating FOXO3a expression in an m6A-dependent manner	13
COVID in pregnancy: Biomarkers of placental dysfunction and neonatal outcomes	13
Role of bacterial chorioamnionitis in the physiopathology of neurodevelopmental disorders of the offspring	13
Placental correlates in categories of preterm births based on gestational age	13
Late gestation heat stress alters O2 regulation in placenta and neonatal heifers	13
Placental pathology findings amongst extremely preterm perinatal deaths in Aotearoa New Zealand	13
Prenatal exposure to perceived stress, maternal asthma, and placental size	13
Gestational chronodisruption and its role in fetal programming of non-communicable diseases	13
Placental human papillomavirus infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes	13
Stress regulation of WFS1 and PERK-p-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in placental tissue cells of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy	13
Chronic intervillositis of unknown etiology in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss: Impact on reproductive outcomes, treatment efficacy, and recurrence rates	12
OLFML3 suppresses trophoblast apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway: A possible therapeutic target in preeclampsia	12
SKAP2 is downregulated in the villous tissues of patients with missed abortion and regulates growth and migration in trophoblasts through the WAVE2-ARP2/3 signaling pathway	12
Buprenorphine and the placenta: does MAT in pregnancy impact placental efficiency?	12
First trimester extravillous trophoblast secretes HLA class I molecules via small extracellular vesicles	12
TREM-1 amplifies trophoblastic inflammation via activating NF-κB pathway during preeclampsia	12
Maternal care of the whole litter improves the success rate of diabetes in pregnancy in rats	12
Placental dysfunction: The core mechanism for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring of preeclampsia pregnancies	12
Excess folic acid mimics deficiency in human placenta in vitro	12
Placental weight as a predictor of future health: Insights from a large-scale genome-wide association study	12
The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptors in nutrient metabolism and immune regulation at the maternal–fetal interface	12
Small RNAs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia	12
Antenatal melatonin supplementation increases fetal weight and reduces placental oxidative damage in a mouse model of advanced maternal age	12
Meta-analysis on COVID-19-pregnancy-related placental pathologies shows no specific pattern	12
Analysis of Non-Coding RNAs in Placental Tissue and Extracellular Vesicles: Implications for Trophoblast Function	11
Involvement of the NADPH oxidase in pathophysiology of preeclampsia.	11
Editorial Board	11
Deep proteomic characterization of placenta tissue from patients with preeclampsia	11
Corrigendum to “Visual assessment of the placenta in antenatal magnetic resonance imaging across gestation in normal and compromised pregnancies: Observations from a large cohort study” [117 January 2	11
Placental Trophoblast Specific Overexpression of Chemerin Induces Preeclampsia-like Symptoms	11
ZKSCAN1 expression in placentae of preeclampsia pregnant women: implications in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia	11
Differences in syncytiotrophoblast shear stress and mechanosensing protein expression in fetal growth restriction.	11
Advanced placental explant culture and extracellular vesicle analysis to decipher preeclampsia	11
Detecting fetal-derived microchimeric cells in maternal tissues involved in maternal behaviour and energetics	11
Cargo changes in placental extracellular vesicles due to antiphospholipid antibody treatment may reflect differential functionality of different vesicle subtypes	11
IFPA Pages	10
Autophagy sustains the expression of HO-1, an antioxidant stress protein, in trophoblasts.	10
Title Page/Editorial Board	10
AQP4 and AQP9 positive-extracellular vesicles in preeclampsia	10
New Horizons in the Treatment of Preeclampsia: from Novel Therapies to Smart Delivery.	10
Maternal-fetal HLA compatibility in uncomplicated and preeclamptic naturally conceived pregnancies	10
HtrA4 is required for differentiation of human trophoblast stem cells into syncytiotrophoblast	10
Effect of Human Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated From Normal and Gestational Diabetic Pregnancies on the Permeability of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells	10
The heart-placenta axis is dysregulated in a conditional Hand1 mutant model of FGR	10
Novel approaches to obstetric drug design and development	10
Knockdown of splicing complex protein PCBP2 reduces extravillous trophoblast differentiation through transcript switching	10
Molybdenum and molybdoenzymes in placental physiology and pathology	10
Vaccination by a Zika purified inactivated virus both before and during pregnancy in the common marmoset monkey is associated with relatively normal placental morphology: a preliminary stereological a	10
Upregulation of placental Ski-like proto-oncogene in preterm preeclampsia: potential target for preeclampsia treatment?	10
Transcriptional specialization of nuclei in the giant, multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cell	10
Porphyromonas gingivalis lysate induces tissue disorganization and proinflammatory response in human placental explants	10
IFPA Pages	10
Editorial Board	10
The influence of adiponectin in metabolic parameters of pregnant women with mild gestational hyperglycemia and gestational diabetes mellitus	10
IFPA Pages	10

Fibroblast activating protein (FAP) is reduced in FGR in regions of the villous tree with disturbed differentiation of perivascular myofibroblasts	10
The role of creatine in placental energy metabolism at birth: Initial insights from the Creatine and Pregnancy Outcomes (CPO) cohort study of low-risk pregnancy	10
First-trimester maternal haemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy and the impact on placental and fetal development, and birth outcomes: an observational cohort study	10
A new method to absolutely quantify and enrich for circulating placenta DNA from maternal blood, using DNA methylation.	10
HLA-G isoforms, HLA-C allotype and their expressions differ between early abortus and placenta in relation to spontaneous abortions	9
Characterization and expression of thyroid hormone transport in HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells under hyperinsulinemia conditions	9
A case of fetal growth restriction with placental confined mosaicism	9
Gastroschisis associated changes in the placental transcriptome	9
Placentas from women of advanced maternal age (AMA) show increased activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) but this is not exacerbated in the presence of Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR).	9
Molecular insights into the corin function at the uteroplacental interface	9
Endotheliochorial placental glycosylation reflects evolutionary divergence between Felidae species (Felis catus and Panthera leo) and Canidae (Canis familiaris)	9
Explorative 3-D culture of early secondary follicles in a time lapse system for up to 36 days gives valuable, but limited insights in follicular development	9
The proinflammatory cytokines IFN-α and TNF-α inhibit extravillous trophoblast invasion	9
Maternal, placental, and fetal distribution of titanium after repeated titanium dioxide nanoparticle inhalation through pregnancy	9
In vitro evaluation of the effect of oxygen concentrations on thrombomodulin expression in a first-trimester trophoblast cell line	9
Morphology and evolutionary aspects of the yolk sac in dogs	9
Impact of tissue porosity and asymmetry on the oxygen uptake of the human placenta: A numerical study	9
Characterizing placental NLRP3 inflammasome and lipidome dynamics: Insights from glucose, metformin, and LPS exposure in placental explants	9
Follistatin dysregulation impaired trophoblast biological functions by GDF11-Smad2/3 axis in preeclampsia placentas	9
Comments on “Prenatal interventions for fetal growth restriction in animal models: A systematic review”	9
Uteroplacental versus fetal use of glucose in healthy pregnancies at term. A human in vivo study	9
Epigenetic effects of exercise on improving the adverse placental environment associated with maternal overweight and obesity	9
Polymorphisms of hypertension susceptibility genes as a risk factors of preeclampsia in the Caucasian population of central Russia	9
Nutrition and neurodevelopment: Participation of vitamin E in the differentiation of the early brain	9
In vitro simulation of acute feto-fetal transfusion in case of single intrauterine fetal death in monochorionic twins	9
Ultrasound evaluation of pathophysiology in fetal thrombo-vasculopahy due to umbilical cord abnormalities	9
Activin A promotes human trophoblast invasion by upregulating integrin β3 via ALK4-SMAD4 signaling	9
Cytotoxicity and induction of proinflammatory cytokines in placental explant cells following azathioprine exposure	9
Maternal dietary olive oil protects diabetic rat offspring from impaired uterine decidualization	8
Pulmonary trophoblastic deportation in the hystricomorph rodent Lagostomus maximus	8
Author index	8
A new pipeline for clinico-pathological and molecular placental research utilizing FFPE tissues	8
Clinical Significance of stage 1 Maternal inflammatory response in placenta	8
Levels of mtDNA, mitofusin -2 and presence of lipid vacuole in the placental tissue of obese pregnant women	8
Placental pathology findings in perinatal deaths from 28 weeks gestation in Aotearoa New Zealand	8
Gelatin methacryloyl biomaterials and strategies for trophoblast research	8
Placental extracellular vesicles promoted cervical tumour tissue undergoing death	8
The effect of smoking on the early gestation placenta	8
Melatonin-treated trophoblast extracellular vesicles signaling mediates macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cell migration	8
Placental metabolomics from women with gestational diabetes mellitus unveils glycolytic and one-carbon metabolism impairment	8
Dissecting the microenvironment of gestational trophoblastic disease through deconvolution of bulk RNA-seq data	8
Role of exosomes in placenta-maternal body axis for organ specific damage of preeclampsia	8
Toxoplasma gondii infection of human placental explants is mediated by MIR-190B expression	8
Hypoxic placental small extracellular vesicles disrupt the blood-brain barrier in the frontal area of the brain	8
First trimester placental extracellular vesicles likely contribute to the vasodilation of maternal resistance arteries in normal pregnancy	8
Trend: A test for recurrent implantation failure patients’ detection by qPCR array	8
Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction in a Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Having Placental Features Similar to Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins: A Case Report	8
Assessing recurrence of chronic histiocytic intervillositis in treated pregnancies and the potential role of maternal anti-HLA antibodies	8
A case of high-grade VUE diagnosed by additional immunostaining rather than H&E staining alone	8
Exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 from wood combustion smoke causes vascular changes in placenta and reduces fetal size	8
Cesarean scar pregnancy successfully managed to third-trimester	8
Increased NPC1 and STARD3 expression in placentas from women with Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) promotes lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction.	8
Establishment of human trophoblast stem cells from term smooth chorion	8
Analyzing the Relationship Between Preeclamptic Severity and Placental Methylation	8
Placental assessment using spectral analysis of the envelope of umbilical venous waveforms in sheep	8
Genetic profiling of Plasmodium falciparum antigenic biomarkers among asymptomatic pregnant women on intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine from southwest Nigeria	8
Artery-to-vein anastomoses in unequally divided placentas and their association with birthweight discordance	8
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation in the first trimester trophoblast cell line by cinnamon extract	8
Vitamin D metabolites and oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and human milk: Implications for the metabolic and mental health of the mother and infant development in the first six months p	8
Sexually dimorphic alterations in placental senescence pathways in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)	7
Volume analysis and three-dimensional imaging of the migration process of bovine trophoblast giant cells at mid and end of gestation	7
Editorial Board	7
Placental transfer and metabolism of betamethasone in healthy and preeclamptic human placentas	7
Oxidative stress microenvironment responsive multifunctional nanoparticles for targeted prevention and treatment preterm birth caused by placental inflammation	7
Epiplacental arteries in placenta percreta present Von Willebrand factor-negative endothelium	7
Attenuation of murine placental MDR1 and BCRP functions by their unique protein localization	7
Characterization of micro-haemodynamics in the placental intervillous space by integrated experimental and theoretical approaches	7
CREBBP/EP300 are required for human trophoblast stem cell differentiation	7
Second trimester cell-free placental DNA methylation profiles in preterm birth subtypes	7
Viruses may cause a significant proportion of chronic inflammatory pathology in the placenta	7
Correlation of amniotic fluid index and placental aquaporin 1 levels in terms of preeclampsia	7
Placental damage in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Comment	7
A diet enriched in extra virgin olive oil reduces insulin resistance and a proinflammatory state in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.	7
Obesogenic diet in mice and human gestational diabetes provoke similar effects in placental iron homeostasis	7
Differencial expression of innate immune receptors in term placentas and extravillous cytotrofoblast cells infected with Zika virus	7
PARP mediated NAD+ depletion and Placental Dysfunction in Preeclampsia	7
Chronic inflammation of the male genital tract impairs female genital tract immunomodulation and decrease fertility potential	7
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) cause DNA damage and characterise accelerated ageing in stillbirth placenta	7
Unravelling the Protective Role of Placental ACE2 During Chronic Hypoxia/Reoxygenation	7
Astrocyte and microglia activation by circulating extracellular vesicles from preeclampsia exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption on a microfluidic BBB-on-chip model	7
Maternal C1q deficiency leads to impaired decidual vascular remodelling, placental insufficiency and reduced fetal growth.	7
Maternal disadvantage and pregnancy outcomes in two Australian pregnancy cohorts	7
Project SWAVE 2.0: A Multimodal Placental Imaging Study	7
Assessment of umbilical blood flow parameters in pregnant eNOS-/- mice supplemented with beetroot juice using high-frequency ultrasound	7
Lipidomic profiling of preeclamptic placenta according to severe features	6
Mechanical stress patterns arising spontaneously during placental trophoblast fusion can be tuned to enhance and direct fusion events	6
Downregulation of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) stimulates decidual senescence in human endometrial stromal cells	6
Investigating the Roles of Small STBEV’s Micrornas in the Pathogenesis of Early-Onset Preeclampsia through Bioinformatics.	6
Gene expression profiling of perfused placental tissue after copper oxide and nanoplastic particle treatment reveals particle-specific regulation of essential placental signaling pathways	6
Investigating the effects of microplastic accumulation on women's health during pregnancy	6
5’-tRNA-halves: circulating syncytiotrophoblast RNA signals in early-onset preeclampsia	6
Systemic immunological perturbations and placental pathology in preeclampsia	6
The impact of air pollution particles on placental structure and function	6
Impaired fetal organ development is linked to altered placental morphology and function in a systemic hsFLT1-transgenic preeclampsia/fetal growth restriction mouse model: the placenta as a modulator o	6
Glycaemic dynamics in women with gestational diabetes mellitus	6