Law and Human Behavior

Papers
(The median citation count of Law and Human Behavior is 0. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-04-01 to 2025-04-01.)
ArticleCitations
Disparate impact of risk assessment instruments: A systematic review.45
Inequality threat increases laypeople’s, but not judges’, acceptance of algorithmic decision making in court.20
Suspect race affects defense attorney evaluations of preidentification evidence.17
Predictive bias in pretrial risk assessment: Application of the Public Safety Assessment in a Native American population.17
Supplemental Material for Do Risk Measure Scores and Diagnoses Predict Evaluator Opinions in Sexually Violent Predator Cases? It Depends on the Evaluator15
Supplemental Material for Implicit Bias Training for Police: Evaluating Impacts on Enforcement Disparities15
Supplemental Material for Confirmatory Information Seeking Is Robust in Psychologists’ Diagnostic Reasoning14
Supplemental Material for Relational and Instrumental Perspectives on Compliance With the Law Among People Experiencing Homelessness13
Supplemental Material for Improving Juror Assessments of Forensic Testimony and Its Effects on Decision-Making and Evidence Evaluation13
Adapting assessment processes to consider cultural mistrust in forensic practices: An example with the MMPI instruments.13
Supplemental Material for Eyewitness Confidence and Mock Juror Decisions of Guilt: A Meta-Analytic Review13
Supplemental Material for Attorneys’ Experiences, Perceptions, and Plea Recommendations in Child Sexual Abuse Cases13
The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among people impacted by the criminal legal system: An updated meta-analysis and subgroup analyses.13
Supplemental Material for Breaking Rules for Moral Reasons: Development and Validation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Rule-Breaking (PARB) Scale13
Supplemental Material for Assessing Psychopathic Traits With the MMPI-3: Findings From Correctional, University, and Community Samples11
Supplemental Material for Centering Race in Procedural Justice Theory: Structural Racism and the Under- and Overpolicing of Black Communities11
Supplemental Material for The Eye of the Beholder: Increased Likelihood of Prison Sentences for People Perceived to Have Hispanic Ethnicity11
Supplemental Material for Emotion Regulation Reduces Victim Blaming of Vulnerable Sex Trafficking Survivors10
Supplemental Material for The Influence of Polygraphs on Evaluators’ Decisions Regarding Sexually Violent Persons10
Supplemental Material for Moral Appraisals Guide Intuitive Legal Determinations10
Supplemental Material for Interviewing and Interrogation Practices and Beliefs, 20 Years Later: A National Self-Report Survey of American Police10
Supplemental Material for From Whose Perspective? Differences Between Actors and Observers in Determining the Voluntariness of Guilty Pleas10
Supplemental Material for Automated Question Type Coding of Forensic Interviews and Trial Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Cases9
Supplemental Material for Developing a Model of Guilty Plea Decision-Making: Fuzzy-Trace Theory, Gist, and Categorical Boundaries9
Improving graduate education in legal psychology: Early career psychologists’ recommendations on diversity, debt, and applying legal psychology in the real world.8
Law and Human Behavior: Status update and new initiatives.8
Comparing the relationships between money bail, pretrial risk scores, and pretrial outcomes.8
Detecting criminal intent in social interactions: The influence of autism and theory of mind.8
Supplemental Material for The Power of Meaningful Numbers: Attorney Guidance and Jury Deliberation Improve the Reliability and Gist Validity of Damage Awards8
Perceptions of custody: Similarities and disparities among police, judges, social psychologists, and laypeople.8
What risk assessment tools can be used with men convicted of child sexual exploitation material offenses? Recommendations from a review of current research.8
Did George Floyd’s murder shape the public’s felt obligation to obey the police?7
Counterintuitive race effects in legal and nonlegal contexts.7
Validation and measurement invariance of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in Chinese incarcerated and normative samples.7
The cross-cultural fairness of the LS/RNR: An Australian analysis.6
Estimation of eyewitness error rates in fair and biased lineups.6
The role of social desirability and establishing nonracist credentials on mock juror decisions about Black defendants.6
Information gathering in school contexts: A national survey of school resource officers.6
Technology for assessment and treatment of justice-involved youth: A systematic literature review.6
Racial bias in jury selection hurts mock jurors, not just defendants: Testing one potential intervention.6
The stigma of wrongful conviction differs for White and Black exonerees.6
Sound and credibility in the virtual court: Low audio quality leads to less favorable evaluations of witnesses and lower weighting of evidence.6
Evidence-based suspicion and the prior probability of guilt in police interrogations.6
A general model of cognitive bias in human judgment and systematic review specific to forensic mental health.5
Supplemental Material for Predictive Validity of the SAVRY, YLS/CMI, and PCL:YV Is Poor for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Adolescent Offenders5
Supplemental Material for White Mock Jurors’ Moral Emotional Responses to Viewing Female Victim Photographs Depend on the Victim’s Race5
Supplemental Material for The Cross-Cultural Fairness of the LS/RNR: An Australian Analysis5
Supplemental Material for Disentangling the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Criminogenic Risk, and Criminal History Among Veterans5
Behavioral detection of emotional, high-stakes deception: Replication in a registered report.5
Supplemental Material for The Role of Hopelessness and Procedural Justice on Depressogenic Outcomes in Serious Adolescent Offenders5
Bias in the justice and legal systems: Cumulative disadvantage as a framework for understanding.4
Supplemental Material for Justice Involvement Prediction as Individuals Age: An Age-Graded Evaluation of the Public Safety Assessment4
Supplemental Material for Homelessness and Pretrial Detention Predict Unfavorable Outcomes in the Plea Bargaining Process4
Supplemental Material for A General Model of Cognitive Bias in Human Judgment and Systematic Review Specific to Forensic Mental Health4
Criminal legal involvement among recently separated veterans: Findings from the LIMBIC study.4
Supplemental Material for Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Psychiatric Diagnosis, Mental Health Sequelae, and VHA Service Utilization Among Justice-Involved Veterans4
Supplemental Material for An Offer You Cannot Refuse: Plea Offer Size Affects Innocent but Not Guilty Defendants’ Perceptions of Voluntariness4
Suppressing myside bias in civil litigation.4
Peer, substance use, and race-related factors associated with recidivism among first-time justice-involved youth.4
Racial justice in psycholegal research and forensic psychology practice: Current advances and a framework for future progress.4
Supplemental Material for The Trial Tax and the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Age in Criminal Court Sentencing4
Supplemental Material for Comparing Witness Performance in the Field Versus the Lab: How Real-World Conditions Affect Eyewitness Decision-Making4
Implicit bias training for police: Evaluating impacts on enforcement disparities.4
The impact of minimal versus extended voir dire and judicial rehabilitation on mock jurors’ decisions in civil cases.4
Supplemental Material for Predictive Accuracy of Static-99R Across Different Racial/Ethnic Groups: A Meta-Analysis4
Risk assessment of child-pornography-exclusive offenders.3
The power of meaningful numbers: Attorney guidance and jury deliberation improve the reliability and gist validity of damage awards.3
Breaking rules for moral reasons: Development and validation of the Prosocial and Antisocial Rule-Breaking (PARB) scale.3
Evidence strength (insufficiently) affects police officers’ decisions to place a suspect in a lineup.3
An attribution theory–based content analysis of mock jurors’ deliberations regarding coerced confessions.3
A call to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems.3
Homelessness and pretrial detention predict unfavorable outcomes in the plea bargaining process.3
Racial, ethnic, and sex differences in psychiatric diagnosis, mental health sequelae, and VHA service utilization among justice-involved veterans.3
More than race? Intragroup differences by gender and age in perceptions of police among street-identified Black men and women.3
Developing consensus for culturally informed forensic mental health assessment: Experts' opinions on best practices.2
Racial/ethnic disparities of the pact in predicting recidivism and court dispositions for justice-involved youth.2
Cool under fire: Psychopathic personality traits and decision making in law-enforcement-oriented populations.2
An uncomfortable tension: Reconciling the principles of forensic psychology and cultural competency.2
Comparing witness performance in the field versus the lab: How real-world conditions affect eyewitness decision-making.2
Prison or treatment? Gender, racial, and ethnic inequities in mental health care utilization and criminal justice history among incarcerated persons with borderline and antisocial personality disorder2
Taking the next step in Miranda evaluations: Considering racial trauma and the impact of prior police contact.2
Supplemental Material for Virginia Alford Plea-Takers Experience Harsher Outcomes Than Traditional Plea-Takers2
Supplemental Material for Detecting Criminal Intent in Social Interactions: The Influence of Autism and Theory of Mind2
Supplemental Material for Comparing Predictive Validity of Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory Scores in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Canadian Youth2
Pretrial risk assessment validation research: Range restriction and attenuation of predictive validity estimates.2
The effect of confession evidence on jurors’ verdict decisions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2
Police-induced confessions, 2.0: Risk factors and recommendations.2
Centering race in procedural justice theory: Structural racism and the under- and overpolicing of Black communities.2
Supplemental Material for The COVID-19 Pandemic and Lay Perceptions of Poverty and Neglect1
Supplemental Material for Examining the Consequences of Dehumanization and Adultification in Justification of Police Use of Force Against Black Girls and Boys1
Supplemental Material for Advancing the Shift-of-Strategy Approach: Shifting Suspects’ Strategies in Extended Interviews1
Severity matters: The moderating effect of offense severity in predicting racial differences in reporting of bias and nonbias victimization to the police.1
Supplemental Material for Changes in Criminal Thinking From Midadolescence to Early Adulthood: Does Trajectory Direction Matter?1
Supplemental Material for The Psychological Allure of Alford: Does Wanting to Appear Innocent Put Innocents at Risk?1
Supplemental Material for Evidence Strength (Insufficiently) Affects Police Officers’ Decisions to Place a Suspect in a Lineup1
Eyewitnesses’ free-report verbal confidence statements are diagnostic of accuracy.1
Supplemental Material for A Test for Implicit Bias in Discretionary Criminal Justice Decisions1
Supplemental Material for What’s Risk Got to Do With It: Judges’ and Probation Officers’ Understanding and Use of Juvenile Risk Assessments in Making Residential Placement Decisions1
Supplemental Material for Evaluator Empathy in Risk Assessment Interviews1
Dynamic risk factors reassessed regularly after release from incarceration predict imminent violent recidivism.1
Supplemental Material for Comparing Perceptions of Individuals Who Sexually Offend Against Children Versus Adults1
Supplemental Material for The Reveal Procedure: A Way to Enhance Evidence of Innocence From Police Lineups1
Acknowledgments1
Supplemental Material for Potential Causes of Racial Disparities in Wrongful Convictions Based on Mistaken Identifications: Own-Race Bias and Differences in Evidence-Based Suspicion1
Supplemental Material for The Effect of Confession Evidence on Jurors’ Verdict Decisions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis1
Experiencing and subsequently reporting sexual victimization among U.S. college students with disabilities.1
Supplemental Material for Severity Matters: The Moderating Effect of Offense Severity in Predicting Racial Differences in Reporting of Bias and Nonbias Victimization to the Police1
Virginia Alford plea-takers experience harsher outcomes than traditional plea-takers.0
International perspectives on procedural justice: Trust and respect matter even when body-worn cameras are present.0
Attorneys' experiences, perceptions, and plea recommendations in child sexual abuse cases.0
COVID-19 exacerbates existing system factors that disadvantage defendants: Findings from a national survey of defense attorneys.0
Community crime, poverty, and proportion of Black residents influence police descriptions of adolescents.0
Potential causes of racial disparities in wrongful convictions based on mistaken identifications: Own-race bias and differences in evidence-based suspicion.0
Comparing perceptions of individuals who sexually offend against children versus adults.0
Supplemental Material for Racial/Ethnic Disparities of the PACT in Predicting Recidivism and Court Dispositions for Justice-Involved Youth0
Eyewitness confidence and decision time reflect identification accuracy in actual police lineups.0
Confirmatory information seeking is robust in psychologists’ diagnostic reasoning.0
Supplemental Material for The State of Open Science in the Field of Psychology and Law0
Degrees of freedom as a breeding ground for biases—A threat to forensic practice.0
Supplemental Material for Are Forensic Evaluators More Likely to Conclude That Black or White Defendants Are Malingering?0
Supplemental Material for The Influence of Race on Jurors’ Perceptions of Lethal Police Use of Force0
Contextual factors predict self-reported confession decision-making: A field study of suspects’ actual police interrogation experiences.0
Do risk measure scores and diagnoses predict evaluator opinions in sexually violent predator cases? It depends on the evaluator.0
Does engaging in reason elaboration mitigate bias in mock jurors’ evaluations of confession evidence?0
Supplemental Material for Development of the Self-Injury Risk Assessment Protocol for Corrections (SIRAP-C)0
Predictive accuracy of Static-99R across different racial/ethnic groups: A meta-analysis.0
Supplemental Material for The Miranda Penalty: Inferring Guilt From Suspects’ Silence0
Race, witness credibility, and jury deliberation in a simulated drug trafficking trial.0
Universal mandatory reporting policies show null effects in a statewide college sample.0
Examining the consequences of dehumanization and adultification in justification of police use of force against Black girls and boys.0
Detecting symptom exaggeration and minimization using translated versions of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF: A systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis.0
The relationship between victim impact statements and judicial decision making: An archival analysis of sentencing outcomes.0
Predictive validity of the SAVRY, YLS/CMI, and PCL:YV is poor for intimate partner violence perpetration among adolescent offenders.0
Supplemental Material for The Relationship Between Victim Impact Statements and Judicial Decision Making: An Archival Analysis of Sentencing Outcomes0
Supplemental Material for Does Engaging in Reason Elaboration Mitigate Bias in Mock Jurors’ Evaluations of Confession Evidence?0
The Miranda penalty: Inferring guilt from suspects’ silence.0
Counseling services leading to desistance by way of a change in certainty perceptions and cognitive agency beliefs.0
To watch or not to watch: When reviewing body-worn camera footage improves police reports.0
From whose perspective? Differences between actors and observers in determining the voluntariness of guilty pleas.0
How the risk principle reduces recidivism: The impact of legislative revisions on the release and reoffense rates of individuals convicted of sexual offenses.0
Don’t know responding in young maltreated children: The effects of wh- questions type and enhanced interview instructions.0
Supplemental Material for Experiencing and Subsequently Reporting Sexual Victimization Among U.S. College Students With Disabilities0
Comparing predictive validity of Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory scores in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadian youth.0
Hate crime victimization and reporting within Miami’s queer Latine immigrant population.0
Interviewing and interrogation practices and beliefs, 20 years later: A national self-report survey of American police.0
Keeping kids in school through prearrest diversion: School disciplinary outcomes of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program.0
Supplemental Material for Does “Jamal” Receive a Harsher Sentence Than “James”? First-Name Bias in the Criminal Sentencing of Black Men0
The American Psychology–Law Society scientific review paper on police-induced confessions (2.0).0
Supplemental Material for Eyewitness Confidence and Decision Time Reflect Identification Accuracy in Actual Police Lineups0
Supplemental Material for Dementia and Competency to Stand Trial in the United States: A Case Law Review0
Reducing biases in the criminal legal system: A perspective from expected utility.0
Cognitive-behavioral reciprocity: Testing the bidirectional relationship between antisocial cognition and delinquency.0
Supplemental Material for Legal Actors’ and Laypersons’ Utility Judgments of Eyewitness Lineup Procedures and Outcomes0
Changes in criminal thinking from midadolescence to early adulthood: Does trajectory direction matter?0
Supplemental Material for Suppressing Myside Bias in Civil Litigation0
Does the affirmative consent standard increase the accuracy of sexual assault perceptions? It depends on how you learn about the standard.0
Supplemental Material for Does the Affirmative Consent Standard Increase the Accuracy of Sexual Assault Perceptions? It Depends on How You Learn About the Standard0
The effect of changing the military’s sexual assault laws on law enforcement investigative findings in the U.S. Army.0
Supplemental Material for Guilty Plea Hearings in Juvenile and Criminal Court0
Advancing the Shift-of-Strategy approach: Shifting suspects' strategies in extended interviews.0
Supplemental Material for Do Inconclusive Forensic Decisions Disadvantage the Innocent?0
Supplemental Material for Prison or Treatment? Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Inequities in Mental Health Care Utilization and Criminal Justice History Among Incarcerated Persons With Borderline and Antis0
Supplemental Material for The Stigma of Wrongful Conviction Differs for White and Black Exonerees0
Automated question type coding of forensic interviews and trial testimony in child sexual abuse cases.0
Supplemental Material for The Detrimental Impact of Alcohol Intoxication on Facets of Miranda Comprehension0
Risk and protective markers for well-being in Latinx immigrants in removal proceedings.0
Regional gender bias and year predict gender representation on civil trial teams.0
Rearrest is associated with heightened callous–unemotional traits: No moderating effect of maternal relationship quality.0
Supplemental Material for Developing Consensus for Culturally Informed Forensic Mental Health Assessment: Experts’ Opinions on Best Practices0
False confessions predict a delay between release from incarceration and official exoneration.0
Are forensic evaluators more likely to conclude that Black or White defendants are malingering?0
Acknowledgments0
The trial tax and the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, and age in criminal court sentencing.0
Tele-forensic interviewing can be a reasonable alternative to face-to-face interviewing of child witnesses.0
The COVID-19 pandemic and lay perceptions of poverty and neglect.0
Supplemental Material for What Risk Assessment Tools Can Be Used With Men Convicted of Child Sexual Exploitation Material Offenses? Recommendations From a Review of Current Research0
Introduction to the special issue on technology in the legal and criminal justice systems.0
Essentialism and the criminal legal system.0
Racial differences in legal socialization models across adolescence and emerging adulthood.0
A taxometric approach to base-rate estimation and idiographic classification in psycholegal research.0
The impact of pretrial publicity on mock juror and jury verdicts: A meta-analysis.0
Negotiating with parents: Attorney practices in the juvenile plea bargain process.0
Supplemental Material for Counterintuitive Race Effects in Legal and Nonlegal Contexts0
Supplemental Material for A Taxometric Approach to Base-Rate Estimation and Idiographic Classification in Psycholegal Research0
Supplemental Material for An Audit Study of Barriers to Mental Health Treatment for Wrongly Incarcerated People0
The eye of the beholder: Increased likelihood of prison sentences for people perceived to have Hispanic ethnicity.0
Forensic practitioners’ use and perceptions of telepsychology before and during COVID-19.0
What’s risk got to do with it: Judges’ and probation officers’ understanding and use of juvenile risk assessments in making residential placement decisions.0
The role of truth in victim–offender mediation: Victims of crime who feel they know the “whole” truth are more receptive to apologies.0
Testing the waters: An investigation of the impact of hot tubbing on experts from referral through testimony.0
The role of hopelessness and procedural justice on depressogenic outcomes in serious adolescent offenders.0
Preventing school-based arrest and recidivism through prearrest diversion: Outcomes of the Philadelphia police school diversion program.0
The detrimental impact of alcohol intoxication on facets of Miranda comprehension.0
Guilt status influences plea outcomes beyond the shadow-of-the-trial in an interactive simulation of legal procedures.0
The reveal procedure: A way to enhance evidence of innocence from police lineups.0
An offer you cannot refuse: Plea offer size affects innocent but not guilty defendants' perceptions of voluntariness.0
Who questions the legitimacy of law? A latent profile analysis using national data in China.0
Supplemental Material for Universal Mandatory Reporting Policies Show Null Effects in a Statewide College Sample0
Legal actors’ and laypersons’ utility judgments of eyewitness lineup procedures and outcomes.0
Supplemental Material for Reducing Biases in the Criminal Legal System: A Perspective From Expected Utility0
Supplemental Material for Court-Reported Competence to Proceed Data Across the United States0
Supplemental Material for Only True and Fabricated Baseline Statements Combined Might Improve Lie, But Not Truth, Detection0
Lay comprehension of statistical evidence: A novel measurement approach.0
Supplemental Material for Who Questions the Legitimacy of Law? A Latent Profile Analysis Using National Data in China0
Guilty plea hearings in juvenile and criminal court.0
Disentangling the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, criminogenic risk, and criminal history among veterans.0
Evaluator empathy in risk assessment interviews.0
Supplemental Material for Estimation of Eyewitness Error Rates in Fair and Biased Lineups0
Eyewitness confidence and mock juror decisions of guilt: A meta-analytic review.0
Supplemental Material for Rearrest is Associated With Heightened Callous–Unemotional Traits: No Moderating Effect of Maternal Relationship Quality0
Supplemental Material for Racial Bias in Jury Selection Hurts Mock Jurors, Not Just Defendants: Testing One Potential Intervention0
ACUTE-2007 and STABLE-2007 predict recidivism for men adjudicated for child sexual exploitation material offending.0
Improving juror assessments of forensic testimony and its effects on decision-making and evidence evaluation.0
Supplemental Material for The Effect of Changing the Military’s Sexual Assault Laws on Law Enforcement Investigative Findings in the U.S. Army0
Does “Jamal” receive a harsher sentence than “James”? First-name bias in the criminal sentencing of Black men.0
Empathy influences the interpretation of whether others have violated everyday indeterminate rules.0
Supplemental Material for The Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth Demonstrates Measurement Invariance Between Black and White Justice-Referred Youths0
Supplemental Material for The Role of Social Desirability and Establishing Nonracist Credentials on Mock Juror Decisions About Black Defendants0
Court-reported competence to proceed data across the United States.0
Lived experiences of bias in compensation and reintegration associated with false admissions of guilt.0
White mock jurors' moral emotional responses to viewing female victim photographs depend on the victim's race.0
Do inconclusive forensic decisions disadvantage the innocent?0
Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males.0
Dementia and competency to stand trial in the United States: A case law review.0
An audit study of barriers to mental health treatment for wrongly incarcerated people.0
The influence of polygraphs on evaluators' decisions regarding sexually violent persons.0
Only true and fabricated baseline statements combined might improve lie, but not truth, detection.0
Developing a model of guilty plea decision-making: Fuzzy-trace theory, gist, and categorical boundaries.0
Moral appraisals guide intuitive legal determinations.0
Dynamic risk and differential impacts of probation: Examining age, race, and gender as responsivity factors.0
Callous–unemotional traits linked to earlier onset of self-reported and official delinquency in incarcerated boys.0
Development of the Self-Injury Risk Assessment Protocol for Corrections (SIRAP-C).0
Assessing psychopathic traits with the MMPI-3: Findings from correctional, university, and community samples.0
Acknowledgments0
Supplemental Material for Regional Gender Bias and Year Predict Gender Representation on Civil Trial Teams0
Perceptions of legal legitimacy in veterans treatment courts: A test of a modified version of procedural justice theory.0
Can neuroimaging prove pain and suffering?: The influence of pain assessment techniques on legal judgments of physical versus emotional pain.0
Further action toward valid science in Law and Human Behavior: Requiring open data, analytic code, and research materials.0
Relational and instrumental perspectives on compliance with the law among people experiencing homelessness.0
Supplemental Material for Hate Crime Victimization and Reporting Within Miami’s Queer Latine Immigrant Population0
The state of open science in the field of psychology and law.0
The influence of race on jurors’ perceptions of lethal police use of force.0
Supplemental Material for Comparing the Relationships Between Money Bail, Pretrial Risk Scores, and Pretrial Outcomes0
Community-based participatory research with police: Development of a tech-enhanced structured suicide risk assessment and communication smartphone application.0
The structured assessment of violence risk in youth demonstrates measurement invariance between Black and White justice-referred youths.0
Pre-identification confidence is related to eyewitness lineup identification accuracy across heterogeneous encoding conditions.0
Supplemental Material for The Role of Truth in Victim–Offender Mediation: Victims of Crime Who Feel They Know the “Whole” Truth Are More Receptive to Apologies0
Supplemental Material for Cool Under Fire: Psychopathic Personality Traits and Decision Making in Law-Enforcement-Oriented Populations0
Justice involvement prediction as individuals age: An age-graded evaluation of the public safety assessment.0
Emotion regulation reduces victim blaming of vulnerable sex trafficking survivors.0
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