Heart & Lung

Article	Citations
P006. Relationship of Heart Failure Patient Caregivers Mutuality and Preparedness to Caregiving Role Strain and Burden during COVID-19	124
The serial connection of two extracorporeal membrane oxygenators for patient with refractory hypoxemia	89
Table of Contents	62
RETRACTED: Comparison of efficacy and side effects of Fixed-dose combination of Aclidinium/Formoterol and Monotherapy of Aclidinium or Formoterol in COPD: A meta-analysis	48
Residing in areas with high residential greenspace is associated with increased COPD risk and decreased lung function of adults in eastern China	38
Effectiveness of a nurse training intervention in the emergency department to improve the diagnosis and treatment of stemi patients: EDUCAMI study	37
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with pulmonary hypertension and associated factors	34
Exploring the factors associated with decreased dynamic balance ability in older patients with heart failure	31
Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Brazilian version of the instrument World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) for individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea	30
COPD exacerbations are related to poor air quality in Innsbruck: A retrospective pilot study	29
Grip strength as a predictor of disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients	26
OR4. Emphasis on Post-Acute Care Shows Improved Guideline Adherence in Three Metro Markets	24
Infectious respiratory pathogens among patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan	23
Comment on: Clinical and economic consequences associated with hospitalizations for acute idiopathic pericarditis in the United States	22
The relationship of the geriatric nutritional risk index to mortality and length of stay in elderly patients with acute respiratory failure: A retrospective cohort study	22
Being a health care professional in the ICU serving patients with covid-19: A qualitative study	22
Survival after multiple episodes of cardiac arrest	21
Comment on: Perceived heart attack likelihood in adults with a high diabetes risk	21
Correlation between severity of obesity and mortality in cardiogenic shock	21
Effects of time of bed rest on vascular complications after cardiac catheterization in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease: A randomized controlled trial	21
Table of Contents	20
Authors response to: Comment on “Evaluation of pulmonary function and exercise capacity after COVID-19 pneumonia”	20
Evaluation of primary and accessory respiratory muscles and their influence on exercise capacity and dyspnea in pulmonary arterial hypertension	19
Left ventricular assist device deactivation following cardiac recovery and pump thrombosis	19
Table of Contents	18

Comparison of thrombotic and clinical outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia versus other viral pneumonia in an urban academic medical center	18
Comment on: Severe sleep apnea as a predictor of failure to respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy	18
“Heart failure at either end of the spectrum”	18
Disease-State Understanding and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure Receiving Continuous Intravenous Inotropic Support: A Multi-Center Survey	17
Combination of low muscle strength and malnutrition is associated with longer length of hospital stay among older patients with heart failure	17
Pulmonary arterial hypertension trials put to the test: Using the fragility index to assess trials robustness	17
Nurse-led Inpatient Heart Failure Program in a Community Hospital Improves Initiation of Heart Failure Guideline Directed Medication Therapy and Reduces Readmission Rates	16
Weekly Email Improves Compliance and Care of Patients Implanted with a Pulmonary Artery Pressure Sensor	16
Distractions when viewing in-hospital heart failure self-care videos and change in heart failure self-care knowledge	15
Board of Directors	15
A new and simple parameter for diagnosis pulmonary edema: Expiratory air humidity	15
Front Matter	15
Commentary: Critical care nurse burnout, moral distress, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A United States Survey	15
Pneumonia is a common and early complication of the Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (SAWS)	15
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with pulmonary hypertension and associated variables	14
AAHFN Leadership Address Submitted February 11, 2021	14
Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce thirst in patients with heart failure or hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis	14
Heart Failure Discharge Readiness Checklist - Standardizing Care to Decrease Length of Stay and Readmissions	14
The pandemic of the unvaccinated: a Covid-19 ethical dilemma	14
Comment on: “Pattern of anticoagulation prescription for patients with Covid-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome admitted to ICU. Does it impact outcome?”	14
Comment on: Long-term outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no ischemic changes on electrocardiogram	14
Exploring experiences of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diagnosis, treatment, and impacts on quality of life among middle-aged and older adults: An interview study	14
Lower cardiac rehabilitation enrolment occurs in acute coronary syndrome patients who report low levels of physical activity at four weeks post-event: A prospective observational study using physical	13
Perceived benefits of patient support groups and their format for people with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator	13
Actual status of pre-discharge knowledge of hospitalised patients with heart failure and measurement tools to assess said knowledge: A scoping review	13
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants compared with vitamin-k antagonists in the treatment of left ventricular thrombosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis	13
Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure refractory to high frequency percussive ventilation	13
Personal mastery and quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation: The mediating role of health promoting behavior	13
The effect of single-limb exercises on functional exercise capacity, pulmonary function and dyspnea in patients with COPD	12
AAHFN leadership message for heart and lung journal	12
Insights from Implementing an AI-Enabled Peripheral Edema Monitor in UK-based Community Settings for Therapeutic Decision-Making	12
Sleep and blood pressure variability: A systematic literature review	12
The American Association of Heart Failure Nurses	12
Prognostic performance of the SCAI shock classification at admission and during ICU treatment: A retrospective, observational cohort study	12
Safety evaluation of revefenacin at the approved dose in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis	11
The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) as a predictor for extubation success in medical and surgical ICU patients: A retrospective cohort study	11
Echocardiographic 60-day mortality markers in patients hospitalized in intensive care for COVID-19	11
Mortality of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome subjected to lung protective ventilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis	11
The Heart Failure Patient Foundation Position Statement on Research and Patient Involvement	11
Manual bag valve mask ventilation performance among respiratory therapists	11
Mortality rate in patients with SAR-COV-2 infection treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenator: A systematic review and meta-analysis	11
Feasibility of a virtual reality intervention in the intensive care unit	11
ICU admission and outcome of patients with COVID-19: Does ICU stay improve survival?	11
Effects of intubation and hypoxemia on intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants during the first week: An observational study	10
Comparing the in-hospital outcomes of patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	10
The ongoing quest for pro-inflammatory biomarkers of delirium in cardiac surgery	10
The impact of social frailty on mortality in older patients with chronic heart failure: A prospective cohort study	10
Development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of the COPD-related Stigma Scale	10
Table of Contents	10
Concurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Assessment and management	10

Treatment and outcome of gram-positive bacteremia in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	10
Outcomes of Covid-19 among patients with ischemic heart disease: A propensity matched analysis	10
The year of the patient and caregiver	10
Bidirectional relationship between 56 peripheral inflammatory regulators and sleep apnea syndrome: A Mendelian randomization study	10
A single-center retrospective study on the incidence and clinical significance of the electrocardiographic “Triangular QRS-ST-T Waveform” pattern**	9
Validation of a Chinese version of the short-form Cataldo lung cancer stigma scale	9
Nurses’ knowledge of heart failure assessment and management: A cross-sectional survey	9
Self-care management of bothersome symptoms as recommended by clinicians for patients with a chronic condition: A Delphi study	9
Cardiopulmonary arrest after cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort of 142 patients with nine year follow up	9
Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support	9
Respiratory and peripheral muscle strength influence recovery of exercise capacity after severe exacerbation of COPD? An observational prospective cohort study	9
Serum uric acid and pulmonary arterial hypertension: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study	9
High level of psychosocial adjustment in patients on ongoing ventricular assist device support in the years one to three after VAD implantation—A national multi-center Study	9
Reconsideration of the ECG in pericarditis; have we been led astray all these years?	9
Can support surfaces characteristics influence high-quality chest compression? manikin experiment with a mechanical device	9
Association among mild cognitive impairment, social frailty, and clinical events in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease	9
Socio-demographic and comorbid risk factors for poor prognosis in patients hospitalized with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in southeastern US	9
The association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and hope following intensive care unit discharge: Findings from a longitudinal cohort study	8
Prolonged bouts of sedentary behavior in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated factors	8
Association between ventilatory ratio and ICU mortality in interstitial lung disease patients on mechanical ventilation: A retrospective study	8
Effects of a Rapid Response Team on Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review	8
Corrigendum to: “Nursing Care of the Patient Hospitalized with Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Scientific Statement from the American Association of Heart Failure Nurses” [Heart Lung. 64(2024).A1-	8
Increased Pulmonary Arterial Compliance after Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty Predicts Exercise Tolerance Improvement in Inoperable CTEPH Patients with Lower Pulmonary Arterial Pressure	8
The effect of Shiatsu massage on agitation in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomized controlled trial	8
Effects of creative dance on functional capacity, pulmonary function, balance, and cognition in COPD patients: A randomized controlled trial	8
Nursing care of the patient hospitalized with heart failure: A scientific statement from the American Association of Heart Failure Nurses	8
Pulmonary hypertension in adults with congenital heart disease. Clinical phenotypes and outcomes in the advanced pulmonary vasodilator era	8
Multiple coronary heart diseases are risk factors for mental health disorders: A mendelian randomization study	8
Corrigendum to “The effect of Shiatsu massage on agitation in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomized controlled trial “[Heart & Lung Volume 50 (2021) 893-897]	8
Short (30 Minutes) versus long (120 Minutes) spontaneous breathing trial among patients with difficult weaning (SL-SBT Trial)	7
Clinical value of lncRNA SOX2-OT in pulmonary arterial hypertension and its role in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and inflammatory	7
Patient and caregiver experiences with a telemedicine intensive care unit recovery clinic	7
A scale development study for evaluating the dietary behaviors of patients with heart failure	7
Efficacy and safety of iloprost in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis	7
Time to death after compassionate extubation in medical and neuroscience intensive care units	7
Lung ultrasound score as a tool to monitor disease progression and detect ventilator-associated pneumonia during COVID-19-associated ARDS	7
Co-morbidities and Disparities in Heart Failure Care, How Are We Doing?	7
Predictive value of qsofa in early mortality risk stratification in acute pulmonary embolism	7
Exercise modulates the immune system in cardiorespiratory disease patients: Implications for clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic	7
Barriers and facilitators to the adoption of digital health interventions for COPD management: A scoping review	7
Effectiveness and safety of emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis complicated by cardiogenic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis	7
Developing and verifying a multivariate model to predict the survival probability after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with coronary atherosclerosis based on the MIMIC-III database	7
Patient names for mechanical circulatory support devices: Developing emotional insights	7
Complications related to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support as a bridge to lung transplantation and their clinical significance	7
Fast systematic geriatric assessment in acute heart failure patients admitted in Cardiology	7
Can optoelectronic plethysmography be used to evaluate the thoracoabdominal kinematics of people with morbidly obesity? A systematic review	6
Table of Contents	6
Pleural effusions identified by thoracic ultrasound predict poor quality of life in patients with acute decompensated heart failure	6
Combining exercise, protein supplementation and electric stimulation to mitigate muscle wasting and improve outcomes for survivors of critical illness—The ExPrES study	6
Gender differences in psychosocial and clinical characteristics in the European Registry for Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support	6
Analysis of action planning, achievement and life purpose statements in an intervention to support caregivers of persons with heart failure	6
“Ventilator-free days” composite outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with tocilizumab: A retrospective competing risk analysis	6
Heart rate variability as a predictor of mechanical ventilation weaning outcomes	6
P008. Referral and Diagnosis of Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis by Heart Failure Nursing Specialists in the United States: Insights From a Genetic Testing Program	6
Communication intervention for families in adult intensive care units during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review	6
Heart failure related fatigue: An exploratory analysis of serum osmolality from the national health and nutrition examination survey	6
Post intensive care syndrome in survivors of COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation during the third wave of the pandemic: A prospective study	6
Factors associated with in-hospital mortality from free wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction	6
Ensuring rigor in systematic reviews: Part 6, reporting guidelines	6
Conventional vs high-sensitive troponins in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	6
P009. Cardiovascular Disease Burden Before Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Diagnosis	6
Cardiometabolic Index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population-based cross-sectional study	6
Risk factors for readmission after sepsis and its association with mortality	6
Effects of high intensity interval-based inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure: A single-blind randomized controlled trial	6
OR2. Exploring Experiences Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis, Treatment and Life Impact Among Middle-aged and Older Adults: An Interview Study	6
American Association of Heart failure nurses’ knowledge, barriers and facilitators in conducting research	6
A novel phonetic approach to continuous flow left ventricular assist device auscultation	5
Changes in Treg cells and cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with coronary artery disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus	5
Reply to the comments on “Prevalence and related factors of do-not-resuscitate orders among in-hospital cardiac arrest patients”	5
Frailty in elderly patients with acute heart failure increases readmission	5
Table of Contents	5
Use of electronic medical record to promote timely identification and stratification of advanced heart failure population: An industry and academic medical center collaboration	5
Lived experiences of persons with heart transplantation: A systematic literature review and meta-synthesis	5
Comment on: Evaluation of pulmonary function and exercise capacity after COVID-19 pneumonia	5
Indacaterol/glycopyrronium affects lung function and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: A meta-analysis	5
Causal relationship between asthma and inflammatory bowel disease : A two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis	5
Measuring pain or discomfort during routine nursing care in lightly sedated mechanically ventilated intensive care patients: A prospective preliminary cohort study	5
Intersection of social determinants of health with ventricular assist device therapy: An integrative review	5
Frailty is associated with 90-day unplanned readmissions and death in patients with heart failure: A longitudinal study in China	5
Factors related to pre-operative cough strength in cardiac surgical patients: a cross-sectional study	5

Board of Directors	5
The effects of exercise-based prehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials	5
Integrative review of electrocardiographic characteristics in patients with reduced, mildly reduced, and preserved heart failure	5
Neurocognition in adults with congenital heart disease post-cardiac surgery: A systematic review	5
The 6-minute walk test and fall risk in patients with heart failure: A cross-sectional study	5
The experiences among bereaved family members after a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) deactivation	5
Negative pressure therapy as a safe alternative in the treatment of massive subcutaneous emphysema in critically ill patients COVID-19	5
Efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol and fluticasone propionate monotherapy in step-up treatment of childhood asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis	5
Impact of day of admission on patients admitted with complete heart block: Analyzing the weekend effect	5
Share your story	4
Psychometric Evaluation of the Self-Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory in the United States	4
Three subtypes of postoperative ARDS that showing different outcomes and responses to mechanical ventilation and fluid management: A machine learning and latent profile analysis	4
Author's response to: “Letter to the Editor: The atherogenic index of plasma as a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19”	4
Reply to the comments on “Association among mild cognitive impairment, social frailty, and clinical events in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease”	4
Board of Directors	4
Peak exercise oxygen uptake and changes in renal function in patients after acute myocardial infarction	4
Advance directive screening among veterans with incident heart failure: Comparisons among people aging with and without HIV	4
Sarcoidosis. Disease progression based on radiological and functional course: Predictive factors	4
Impacting heart failure patients lives through missed opportunities	4
Adherence to the atrial fibrillation better care pathway and its associated factors among rural patients with atrial fibrillation in China: A cross-sectional study	4
Preoperative frailty based on laboratory data and postoperative health outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery	4
Letter to the Editor: Influence of right ventricular structure and function on hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients	4
To the Editor	4
Health Literacy-based Heart Failure Self-Care Intervention: Usability Study	4
Can an unplanned extubation checklist solely identify children at-risk for adverse events? A response to the pediatric unplanned extubation risk score	4
Letter to Editor. Effects of ventilator hyperinflation on pulmonary function and secretion clearance in adults receiving mechanical ventilation: A systematic review with meta-analysis	4
Nutritional Status, Quality of Life, and Health Perception Among Heart Failure Patients With and Without Dysphagia	4
January/February leadership message	4
Response to “Evaluation of pulmonary function and exercise capacity after COVID-19 pneumonia.”	4
Author's response to: Comment on “The atherogenic index of plasma as a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19”	4
Response to Letter to the Editor: “The effect of cold application on pain in patients with chest tubes before deep breathing and coughing exercises: A randomized controlled study”	4
Table of Contents	4
Who Knows What the Future Brings	4
Board of Directors	4
Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients: Main Results from The Empulse Trial	4
Authors response to: Comment on “Grip strength as a predictor of disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients”	4
Heart Failure Quadruple Therapy: Interdisciplinary Team Quality Improvement Initiative	4
Table of Contents	4
Electrocardiographic findings and mortality in covid-19 patients hospitalized in different clinical settings	4
The effect of using illustrated materials for communication on the anxiety and comfort of cardiac surgery patients receiving mechanical ventilator support: A randomized controlled trial	4
Upper limb function of individuals hospitalized in intensive care: A 6-month cohort study	4
Comment on: “Predictive factors and clinical impact of ICU-acquired weakness on functional disability in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19″	4
Six-minute stepper test for evaluating functional exercise capacity in patients with sarcoidosis	4
Professionalism & Leadership. What does that mean?	4
Comment on “The atherogenic index of plasma as a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19.”	4
Table of Contents	4
Front Matter	4
The impact of time from ILD diagnosis to referral to the transplant center on the probability of inclusion in the transplant waiting list	3
Dietary isoflavone intake is inversely associated with remnant cholesterol in US adults: A cross-sectional study	3
Cardiovascular Outcomes of Patients Referred to Home Based Cardiac Rehabilitation	3
Is the six-minute step test able to reflect the severity and symptoms based on cat score?	3
Obstructive sleep apnea reduces functional capacity and impairs cardiac autonomic modulation during submaximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A follow-up study	3
An examination of cardiovascular intensive care unit mortality based on admission day and time	3
Kinesiophobia in patients with angina pectoris of coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional survey	3
Thirst and factors associated with thirst in hospitalized patients with heart failure in China	3
A systematic review and metanalysis of diagnostic yield of BAL for detection of SARS-CoV-2	3
Network Analysis on Family Resilience, Fear of Progression, and Quality of Life in Chinese Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension	3
Predictors of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in COPD patients according to the Weber classification	3
Acute decompensated pulmonary hypertension outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions	3
Personalized ventilation adjustment in ARDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of image, driving pressure, transpulmonary pressure, and mechanical power	3
A Meta-analysis of the efficacy of pulmonary artery denervation in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension	3
The role of Del Nido Cardioplegia in reducing postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery in patients with impaired cardiac function	3
Response to letter to the editor “plasma biomarkers and delirium in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery: A prospective observational cohort study”	3
Establishment of a prediction model for extubation failure risk in ICU patients using bedside ultrasound technology	3
Corrigendum to “Latent profile analysis of dyspnea-related kinesiophobia in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” [Heart & lung: The Journal of Critical Care 69 (2024) 241247/PM	3
Patient characteristics associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in intensive care unit survivors during a one-year follow-up: A multicenter study	3
Perceived stress and social support needs among primary family caregivers of ICU Patients in Taiwan	3
Ambivalence is associated with decreased physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents with critical congenital heart disease	3
AAHFN Leadership Message	3
Perceptions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease towards telemedicine: A qualitative systematic review	3
Development and validation of a diagnostic nomogram in pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease	3
Association between red blood cell distribution width and the all-cause mortality of patients with aortic stenosis: A retrospective study	3
The relational dynamics of caregivers of patients with a left ventricular assist device for destination-therapy: A qualitative investigation	3
Gait speed and 6-minute walking distance are useful for identifying difficulties in activities of daily living in patients with cardiovascular disease	3
Rising cardiovascular mortality among obstructive sleep apnea patients: United States epidemiological trends (1999–2019)	3
Minimal important difference of two methods for assessment of quadriceps femoris strength post exercise program in individuals with COPD	3
Hypoglycemia and mortality in sepsis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis	3
Causal role of circulating inflammatory cytokines in cardiac diseases, structure and function	3
Association between dietary anthocyanin intake and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in US adults: A public database survey	3
Board of Directors	3
A survey of resource allocation among canadian cardiac surgery programs during the COVID-19 pandemic	3
Pre-hospital antiplatelet medication use on COVID-19 disease severity	3
Skeletal muscle depletion predicts death in severe community-acquired pneumonia patients entering ICU	3
Symptom Status Questionnaire – Heart Failure – Brazilian Version: cross-cultural adaptation and content validation	3
Vanin-1 as a novel biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	3
Predictors of acute coronary syndrome symptom knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in adults without self-reported heart disease	3
Perceptions of changes in practice patterns and patient care among heart failure nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic	3
Nurse practitioner-led, virtually delivered, motivational enhancement and device support intervention to improve CPAP adherence: A feasibility randomized control trial	3
Management of cardiogenic shock by circulatory support during reverse Tako-Tsubo following amphetamine exposure: A report of two cases	3
SGLT2 inhibitors for prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	3
The use of high-flow nasal cannula in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under exacerbation and stable phases: A systematic review and meta-analysis	3
The emerging threat of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) in COVID-19: A systematic review	3
A qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of older patients and relatives prior to cardiac surgery	3
Association between carotenoids and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States	3
The gut-lung axis: Mendelian randomization identifies a causal association between inflammatory bowel disease and interstitial lung disease	3