Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment

Papers
(The median citation count of Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment is 8. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-01-01 to 2026-01-01.)
ArticleCitations
Below-ground biodiversity in agricultural systems: The role of crop-specific management in shaping soil arthropod communities235
Enhanced rice phosphorus use efficiency under elevated atmospheric CO2 and its drivers210
Editorial Board134
Management strategies for reducing phosphorus levels in saltwater-intruded agricultural fields126
Effects of patch-burn grazing and rotational grazing on grassland bird abundance, species richness, and diversity in native grassland pastures of the Midsouth USA122
Experimental insecticide applications change tomato pollinator assemblages and do not increase fruit production111
Editorial Board103
Effects of non-crop habitats on ground-dwelling arthropod diversity in a desert-oasis region of northwest China95
Intercropping in rainfed Mediterranean olive groves contributes to improving soil quality and soil organic carbon storage91
Pyric herbivory increases soil microbial diversity but has a site-dependent effect on soil mesofauna in the mid-term91
Agricultural extensification enhances functional diversity but not phylogenetic diversity in Mediterranean olive groves: A case study with ant and bird communities88
Identifying the best fertilization practices by many-objective optimization to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from tea field in the subtropics in Central China87
Increase of soil organic carbon stock by iron slag-based silicate fertilizer application in paddy soils86
Great and fast increase in soil CH4 uptake after reforestation in karst cropland area is linked to the environmental and microbial factors84
Land cover and climate drive shifts in Bombus assemblage composition83
Nitrate losses in subsurface drainage and nitrous oxide emissions from a winter camelina relay cropping system reveal challenges to sustainable intensification83
Flowering plants in open tomato greenhouses enhance pest suppression in conventional systems and reveal resource saturation for natural enemies in organic systems82
Diversified crop rotation: Synergistically enhancing peanut yield and soil organic carbon stability82
Temperature response of soil respiration decreases with latitude and elevation in abandoned croplands81
Do voluntary sustainability standards reduce primary forest loss? A global analysis for food commodities80
Proxydetection of the impact distance of trees on crops: An indicator of the Land Equivalent Ratio?80
A global synthesis on the rational management practices for enhancing phosphorus use efficiency in agricultural systems80
Effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on greenhouse gas emissions in rice varieties78
Combining entomopathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria, nematodes and fungi for biological control of a below-ground insect pest77
Root exudate-mediated plant–microbiome interactions determine plant health during disease infection77
Long-term cover crop management effects on soil properties in dryland cropping systems75
Impact assessment of soil salinity on crop production in Uzbekistan and its global significance74
Nitrous oxide emissions dynamics in Indian agricultural landscapes: Revised emission rates and new insights74
Quantifying N leaching losses as a function of N balance: A path to sustainable food supply chains73
No wild bees? Don't worry! Non-bee flower visitors are still hard at work: The edge effect, landscape, and local characteristics determine taxonomic and functional diversity in apple orchards73
The planting years of vineyards alters the carbon fixation pathways by soil autotrophic microorganism70
Plastic film-mulched ridges and straw-mulched furrows increase soil carbon sequestration and net ecosystem economic benefit in a wheat-maize rotation70
Effect of long-term tillage and residue managements on weed flora and its impact on winter wheat development67
Seasonal and annual methane and nitrous oxide emissions affected by tillage and cover crops in flood-irrigated rice66
The value of biotic pollination and dense forest for fruit set of Arabica coffee: A global assessment66
How diverse are sun-grown coffee plantations? Local and landscape heterogeneity drives Andean rove beetle diversity64
Ameliorating C and N balance without loss of productivity by applying mulching measures in rainfed areas62
Using the paddy eco-ditch wetland system to reduce nitrogen non-point source pollution discharge from paddies: A consecutive six-year study in the Yunnan Plateau, China61
Soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions as affected by straw and nitrogen management on the North China Plain60
Patterns of denitrifier communities assembly and co-occurrence network regulate N2O emissions in soils with long-term contrasting tillage histories60
Crop rotation and green manure type enhance organic carbon fractions and reduce soil arsenic content60
Response of soil organic carbon fractions to cover cropping: A meta-analysis of agroecosystems58
Effects of intercropping on composition and molecular diversity of soil dissolved organic matter in apple orchards: Different roles of bacteria and fungi58
Pasture age impacts soil fungal composition while bacteria respond to soil chemistry58
Soil microbial composition, diversity, and network stability in intercropping versus monoculture responded differently to drought56
Editorial Board54
Mineral fertilizer substitution and application of Bacillus velezensis SQR9 reduced nitrogen-oxide emissions in tropical vegetable fields54
Agroforestry with contour planting of grass contributes to terrace formation and conservation of soil and nutrients on sloping land54
Feed grain polycultures mitigate weather risk, support arthropods, and suppress weeds in the Western Corn Belt54
Rationale for field-specific on-farm precision experimentation53
Viral abundance and lysogenic fraction respond dynamically to cover-crop burn down and vary with conservation soil management practices53
Editorial Board53
Corrigendum to “A synthesis of the effect of regenerative agriculture on soil carbon sequestration in Southeast Asian croplands” [Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 349 (2023) 108450]53
Editorial Board53
Soil health indicator responses to three years of cover crop and crop rotation in a northern semi-arid region, the Canadian prairies52
Ungulates alter plant cover without consistent effect on soil ecosystem functioning52
Mitigation of ammonia volatilization on farm using an N stabilizer – A demonstration in Quzhou, North China Plain52
Pastures under dry climate can be cold spots for soil nitrous oxide emissions from grazing cattle excreta52
Moderate sheep grazing increases arthropod biomass and habitat use by steppe birds52
Apple trees utilize 3–5% of root biomass in the weathered rock layer to absorb 33–34% of their transpiration water consumption52
Bacterial community structure and resilience are partially restored after 30 years of rehabilitation of an agricultural riparian system51
Grazing exclusion modulates the effects of different components of plant diversity on biomass production in semiarid rangeland51
Irrigation modulates entomopathogenic nematode community and its soil food web in olive groves under different agricultural managements49
Influence of phosphorus fertiliser use on two New Zealand pasture insect pest communities49
The value of two agri-environment scheme habitats for pollinators: Annually cultivated margins for arable plants and floristically enhanced grass margins49
Enhancing crop productivity and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through synergistic potassium management in intensive wheat production49
Grazing and applications of nitrogen and phosphorus effects on herbage production and greenhouse gas emissions of pasture in an arid region48
Peanut–cotton intercropping to enhance soil ecosystem multifunctionality: Roles of microbial keystone taxa, assembly processes, and C-cycling profiles48
Mammals in cacao agroforests: Implications of management intensification in two contrasting landscapes48
Twenty years of nitrous oxide emissions research in Australian agriculture: A review48
Combining organic fertilisation and perennial crops in the rotation enhances arthropod communities48
Integrating straw return and tillage practices to enhance soil organic carbon sequestration in wheat–maize rotation systems in the North China Plain48
Enhanced soil aggregation and reduced colloidal phosphorus loss by straw biochars in tea and medicinal herb cropping systems48
Weed suppression and maize yield influenced by cover crop mixture diversity and tillage47
Semiochemically assisted trap cropping to reduce broad bean beetle (Bruchus rufimanus) infestation in faba bean46
Spatial arrangement of intercropping impacts natural enemy abundance and aphid predation in an intensive farming system46
N2O emissions from soils under short-term straw return in a wheat-corn rotation system are associated with changes in the abundance of functional microbes46
Responses of carbon and microbial community structure to soil nitrogen status vary between maize and potato residue decomposition45
Organic amendments increase crop yield while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from the perspective of carbon fees in a soybean-wheat system45
Seasonal effects reveal potential mitigation strategies to reduce N2O emission and N leaching from grassland swards of differing composition (grass monoculture, grass/clover and multispecies)45
Management practices and seasonality affect stingless bee colony growth, foraging activity, and pollen diet in coffee agroecosystems44
Cover crops and N fertilization affect soil ammonia volatilization and N2O emission by regulating the soil labile carbon and nitrogen fractions44
Microbial effects of prolonged nitrogen fertilization and straw mulching on soil N2O emissions using metagenomic sequencing44
Alfalfa-livestock system promotes the accumulation of soil organic carbon in a semi-arid marginal land44
Is green manure a viable substitute for inorganic fertilizer to improve grain yields and advance carbon neutrality in paddy agriculture?44
Editorial Board43
Soil health assessment in the Yangtze River Delta of China: Method development and application in orchards43
Intensification differentially affects the delivery of multiple ecosystem services in subtropical and temperate grasslands43
Invertebrate diversity is shaped by farm management, edge effects and landscape context in the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada42
Comparative pollinator conservation potential of coffee agroforestry relative to coffee monoculture and tropical rainforest in the DR Congo42
Fungicide treatments drive changes in the diversity and species richness of tissue-resident bacteria in agrobiont cobweb-weaving and epigeic spiders42
The location and vegetation physiognomy of ecological infrastructures determine bat activity in Mediterranean floodplain landscapes41
Configurational landscape heterogeneity: Crop-fallow boundaries enhance the taxonomic diversity of carabid beetles and spiders41
Treed field borders net-export over 82,000 more hoverflies per km every week into canola crops than herbaceous field borders, regardless of mass-flowering crop bloom41
Effects of litter removal on grazing excluded grassland: A 5-year test with contrasting exclusion durations and topographic conditions41
Beneficial ‘inefficiencies’ of western ranching: Flood-irrigated hay production sustains wetland systems by mimicking historic hydrologic processes40
Effects of saltwater intrusion on candidate restoration species in coastal agricultural fields40
Integrating poultry improves soil health and vegetable yield in organic, cover-cropped system40
Editorial Board39
Pollination services to squash insufficient despite abundant specialist bees39
Can earthworms and root traits improve plant struvite-P uptake? A field mesocosm study39
Benefits and tradeoffs of diversifying rice-based cropping systems: Impacts on soil health, productivity, and agroecosystem multifunctionality39
Determining the role of land resource, cropping and management practices in soil organic carbon status of rice-based cropping systems38
Editorial Board38
To what extent is fennel crop dependent on insect pollination?38
Environmental and biotic filters interact to shape the coexistence of native and introduced bees in northern Patagonian forests38
In-situ retention of vegetable residues combined with calcium cyanamide or microbial consortium enhances overall soil quality and cucumber productivity in a long-term monoculture system37
Subsurface placement of controlled-release blended fertilizers mitigates ammonia volatilization by promoting nitrogen transformation in rice fields37
Patterns and determinants of nitrification and denitrification potentials across 24 rice paddy soils in subtropical China37
Different grazers and grazing practices alter the growth, soil properties, and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of Medicago ruthenica in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau grassland37
Agricultural cultivation duration affects soil inorganic N turnover and supply capacity: Evidence in subtropical karst regions37
Monitoring, characterization, and mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions from Chinese orchards37
Land-use changes alter the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community composition and assembly in the ancient tea forest reserve37
Fallow replacement cover crops impact soil water and nitrogen dynamics in a semi-arid sub-tropical environment36
Diversification of an integrated crop-livestock system: Agroecological and food production assessment at farm scale36
Woodlands as refuges and resources for paddy spider communities: Varying importance with land consolidation intensity36
Rubber leaf fall phenomenon linked to increased temperature36
Effects of landscape structure on abundance and family richness of hymenopteran parasitoids in the olive agroecosystem36
Optimal nitrogen management increased topsoil organic carbon stock and maintained whole soil inorganic carbon stock to increase soil carbon stock—A 15-year field evidence36
General trends of different inter-row vegetation management affecting vine vigor and grape quality across European vineyards36
Soil carbon stocks and water stable aggregates under annual and perennial biofuel crops in central Ohio36
Legume-based crop diversification with optimal nitrogen fertilization benefits subsequent wheat yield and soil quality36
Perennial woodlands benefit parasitoid diversity, but annual flowering fallows enhance parasitism of wheat aphids in an agricultural landscape36
Impact of plastic mulching and residue return on maize yield and soil organic carbon storage in irrigated dryland areas under climate change35
Influence of long-term inorganic fertilization and straw incorporation on soil organic carbon: Roles of enzyme activity, labile organic carbon fractions, soil aggregates, and microbial traits35
Agricultural management intensity determines the strength of weed seed predation35
Vegetation restoration changed the soil aggregate stability and aggregate carbon stabilization pathway according to δ13C signatures35
Grazing exclusion-induced alterations of soil microbial biogeographic pattern and co-occurrence network across a Tibetan elevation gradient35
Rates of soil organic carbon change in cultivated and afforested sandy soils35
Re-introducing mixed grazing benefits soil health in a passive restored grassland: Evidence from soil nematode functional status35
Managed and wild bees contribute to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pollination35
Changes rather than absolute contents of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium are responsible for soil-profile acidification in apple production systems35
Soil organic C and N dynamics as affected by 31 years cropping systems and fertilization in highland agroecosystems34
Grassland soil carbon dynamics in southern Brazil under different management and edaphoclimatic conditions34
Rodent fertility in commercial orchards in relation to body mass and body condition34
Growing and non-growing season nitrous oxide emissions from a manured semiarid cropland soil under irrigation34
Contrasting water quality in response to long-term nitrogen fertilization in rainfed and irrigated apple-producing regions on China’s Loess Plateau34
The enhancing effect of intercropping sugar beet with chicory on the deep root growth and nutrient uptake34
Effect of cover cropping on soil organic matter characteristics: Insights from a five-year field experiment in Nebraska34
Ungulate herbivores promote contrasting modifications of soil properties and organic carbon stabilization in a grazed grassland versus rewilded woodland environment34
Dominance of honey bees is negatively associated with wild bee diversity in commercial apple orchards regardless of management practices34
Intercropping and pollination mediate faba bean (Vicia faba ) yield and nodulation34
Partitioning eddy covariance CO2 fluxes into ecosystem respiration and gross primary productivity through a new hybrid four sub-deep neural network34
The response of grassland productivity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition in northern China34
Trees in temperate alley-cropping systems develop deep fine roots 5 years after plantation: What are the consequences on soil resources?34
Enhancing the ecological services of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau’s grasslands through sustainable restoration and management in era of global change33
Highly diverse flower strips promote natural enemies more in annual field crops: A review and meta-analysis33
Identification of a resource-efficient integrated crop management practice for the rice-wheat rotations in south Asian Indo-Gangetic Plains33
From small waterbodies to large multi-service providers: Assessing their ecological multifunctionality for terrestrial birds in Mediterranean agroecosystems33
Biochar mitigates greenhouse gas emissions from bulk soil in wheat-corn rotation system by inhibiting biochemical decomposition33
Insect excluding mesh enhances Spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) control in tunneled raspberry with limited effects on natural enemy abundance33
Critical role of native forest and savannah habitats in retaining neotropical pollinator diversity in highly mechanized agricultural landscapes33
Direct and indirect effects of agricultural expansion and landscape fragmentation processes on natural habitats33
Identifying areas where biodiversity is at risk from potential cocoa expansion in the Congo Basin33
Macrocyclic lactone residues in cattle dung result in a sharp decline in the population of dung beetles in the rangelands of northern China33
Historical and future dynamics of cropland soil organic carbon stocks in an intensive human-impacted area of southeastern China33
Effects of winter grazing and N addition on soil phosphorus fractions in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau33
Replacing urea-N with Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) mitigates CH4 and N2O emissions in rice paddy32
Nutrient and sediment retention by riparian vegetated buffer strips: Impacts of buffer length, vegetation type, and season32
Pinus radiata as a dendro-remediation species against nitrate leaching in the New Zealand primary industrial areas: Current snapshot and prospects32
Assessment of greenhouse gases emissions, global warming potential and net ecosystem economic benefits from wheat field with reduced irrigation and nitrogen management in an arid region of China32
Exploring the influence of cover crops with native plant species on soil and berry microbiota in a Moscatel Galego vineyard: Implications for sustainable viticulture32
Nitrogen and carbon stocks in sandy soil cultivated with corn subjected to 17 years of animal manure and mineral fertilizer application32
Response of soil fungal species, phylogenetic and functional diversity to diurnal asymmetric warming in an alpine agricultural ecosystem32
Editorial Board32
Cascading effects of landscape, mediated by mesoclimate, on carabid communities and weed seed predation in winter cereals31
The impact of climate and potassium nutrition on crop yields: Insights from a 30-year Swiss long-term fertilization experiment31
Phosphorus leaching in high-P soils under maize silage and interseeding cover crop system31
Ecosystem-scale crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) gas exchange of a sisal (Agave sisalana) plantation31
Vegetation cover and food availability shapes the foraging activity of rodent pests in and around maize fields31
Transformation of the agricultural landscape and its influence on small terrestrial mammal communities in South Moravia (Czech Republic, Central Europe)31
Set-aside of grassland field margins enhances buckwheat pollination services in small-holder agricultural landscapes31
Grazing alters vegetation phenology by regulating regional environmental factors on the Tibetan Plateau30
Spatial proximity to farmland enhances bat richness and activity in planted forests30
Earthworms mediate the effect of diversifying crop rotations on soil organic carbon incorporation, soil structure formation and microbial activity30
Balancing grazing and biodiversity: Arthropod responses to modern cattle farming practices30
Editorial Board30
Large-scale fence modifications increase nest survival in sage-grouse30
Straw incorporation mitigates methane emissions by facilitating the conversion of particulate organic carbon to mineral-associated organic carbon30
Diverse agricultural landscapes increase bat activity and diversity: Implications for biological pest control30
Classification of agricultural land management systems for global modeling of biodiversity and ecosystem services30
Enhanced mitigation of N2O and NO emissions through co-application of biochar with nitrapyrin in an intensive tropical vegetable field30
What follows fallow? Assessing revegetation patterns on abandoned sugarcane land in Hawaiʻi30
High importance of organic fertilizer nitrogen applied to temperate grassland for plant nitrogen uptake in the years following fertilization30
Fallow fields and hedgerows mediate enhanced arthropod predation and reduced herbivory on small scale intercropped maize farms – δ13C and δ15N stable isotope evidence30
Wild bees benefit from low urbanization levels and suffer from pesticides in a tropical megacity30
Combining reduced tillage and green manures minimized N2O emissions from organic cropping systems in a cool humid climate30
High losses of farmland birds and potential biocontrol along an urbanization gradient in a tropical megacity30
Divergent responses of ecological functions to long-term herbivore exclusion in the Tibetan mountainous grasslands30
Landscape-wide floral resource deficit enhances the importance of diverse wildflower plantings for pollinators in farmlands29
Promoting enhanced ecosystem services from cover crops using intra- and interspecific diversity29
Quantifying cover crop-derived above- and belowground carbon inputs including rhizodeposition29
Prospects for improving productivity and composition of mixed swards in semi-arid environments by separating species in drill rows – A review29
Soil methane uptake is tightly linked to carbon dioxide emission in global upland ecosystems29
The global effects of grazing on grassland soil nitrogen retention29
Grazing legacy mediates the diverse responses of grassland multidimensional stability to resource enrichment29
Evaluating conservation tools in intensively-used farmland: Higher bird and mammal diversity in seed-rich strips during winter29
Grass-legume mixture optimizes soil new carbon sequestration by leveraging microbial necromass dynamics in a pear orchard29
Effects of the combined application of livestock manure and plant residues on soil organic carbon sequestration in the southern Loess Plateau of China29
Coffee berry borer infestations and natural enemy communities shaped by altitude, shade, and management practices29
Balanced phosphorus fertilization enhances soil bacterial network complexity to maintain multifunctionality and plant production in dryland agricultural systems29
Interactive effects of warming and managements on carbon fluxes in grasslands: A global meta-analysis29
Effect of various methods of mineral fertilizer application on changes in the abundance, composition, and diversity of culturable fungi in a reduced tillage crop rotation system of winter wheat, soybe29
Rice–fish coculture system enhances paddy soil fertility, bacterial network stability and keystone taxa diversity29
The efficacy of reductive soil disinfestations on disease control is highly dependent on the microbiomes they reconstructed28
Effect of landscape composition on the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys in fruit orchards28
The Mesoamerican milpa agroecosystem fosters greater arthropod diversity compared to monocultures28
Nitrogen and phosphorus supply controls stability of soil organic carbon in alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau28
Effect of fertilizer management on the soil bacterial community in agroecosystems across the globe28
Intensive agriculture influences functional diversity, redundancy and trait profile of bee community and interacting plant community in a tropical agricultural landscape28
Enhancing soil multifunctionality through restoring erosion environment and microbial functions combined with organic manure and straw mulching28
A synthesis of the effect of regenerative agriculture on soil carbon sequestration in Southeast Asian croplands28
Global effects of livestock grazing on ecosystem functions vary with grazing management and environment28
Cover crop-mediated soil carbon storage and soil health in semi-arid irrigated cropping systems28
Effects of a tree row on greenhouse gas fluxes, growing conditions and soil microbial communities on an oat field in Southern Finland28
Editorial Board27
Editorial Board27
Editorial Board27
A crop yield-based pollination index reveals the impacts of land cover and pesticide use on realized pollination at a landscape scale27
Linking stable soil carbon and microbes using rapid fractionation and metagenomics assays – First results screening fungal inoculants under wheat crops27
The effects of crop residues and air temperature on variations in interannual ecosystem respiration in a wheat-maize crop rotation in China27
Cover crops enhance resource availability for soil microorganisms in a pecan orchard27
Protective nets reduce pollen flow in blueberry orchards27
Ryegrass intercropping with residue incorporation enhances apple yield and reduces nitrogen loss despite minimal water–nitrogen competition on the Loess Plateau, China27
Landscape-scale spatio-temporal variations of soil total nitrogen in a wind-eroded temperate grassland based on revisited sampling: The critical role of grassland management27
Grassland duration affects soil organic carbon pools only in the topsoil and has limited effects on microbial metabolism27
Reduced plant water use can explain higher soil moisture in organic compared to conventional farming systems27
Targeting yield and reducing nitrous oxide emission by use of single and double inhibitor treated urea during winter wheat season in Northern Germany27
The curse of the past – What can tile drain effluent tell us about arable field management?27
Are rice fields less diverse and more invaded by non-native species than less impacted habitats? A test with wetland microcrustaceans27
Editorial Board27
Forage crops boost the productivity and environmental sustainability of dairy farmers in southern Tanzania27
Cauliflower strip cropping promotes ground-dwelling arthropod richness and spider abundance27
Feeding salicylates containing willow leaves to cattle modulates urea metabolism and mitigates urine-derived ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from soil27
Responses of rice paddy dragonflies to fertilisation in a mesocosm experiment27
Exclusion of ground-nesting ants promotes biological control, but facilitates the establishment of an exotic canopy-nesting ant species27
Nitrogen enrichment exacerbates drought impacts on desert shrub steppe plant community27
Long-term manuring enhances soil gross nitrogen mineralization and ammonium immobilization in subtropical area26
Intercrops as foraging habitats for bees: Bees do not prefer sole legume crops over legume-cereal mixtures26
Plant and microbial communities follow fast-to-slow strategies in response to grazing in an arid rangeland26
Rice-crayfish farming increases soil organic carbon sequestration by promoting aggregate protection and microbial necromass accumulation26
A tradeoff between denitrification and nitrate leaching into the subsoil in nitrate-rich vegetable soils treated by reductive soil disinfestation26
Ecosystem services in mountain pastures: A complex network of site conditions, climate and management26
Nesting material, phenology and landscape complexity influence nesting success and parasite infestation of a trap nesting bee26
Nocturnal pollination is equally important as, and complementary to, diurnal pollination for strawberry fruit production26
Biochar mitigates the suppressive effects of nitrogen deposition on soil methane uptake in a subtropical forest26
Intensive citrus plantations suppress the microbial profiles of the β-glucosidase gene26
Plastic film mulching regime altered fungal, but not bacterial community structure at the regional scale26
Pesticide use in vineyards is affected by semi-natural habitats and organic farming share in the landscape26
Assessing carbon greenhouse gas emissions from aquaculture in China based on aquaculture system types, species, environmental conditions and management practices25
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