Geomorphology

Papers
(The TQCC of Geomorphology is 8. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-12-01 to 2025-12-01.)
ArticleCitations
Deformation and failure mechanisms of slopes in the Loess Plateau with structural planes under engineering excavation162
Segmentation and deformation mechanisms of the North Tuole Shan fault in the Qilian Mountains: Insights from channel steepness index (k) and fault activity62
Inventory of active rock glaciers and their distribution characteristics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent mountainous regions60
Drainage evolution in porous carbonate terrain in semi-arid environments: The role of tectonics and climatic change – The case study of the Boukadir carbonate platform, Algeria57
The southern boundary of the Mu Us Sand Sea and its controlling factors44
Editorial Board44
Hydration caves and cavities from the recent weathering zone of anhydrites at Dingwall (Nova Scotia, Canada)40
Reconstruction of historical suspended particulate matter contributions of Rhône River tributaries to the Mediterranean Sea40
Reconstruction of Holocene relative sea-level from beach ridges of the central west coast of India using GPR and OSL dating38
Editorial Board37
Editorial Board36
Editorial Board35
Remotely mapping gullying and incision in Maryland Piedmont headwater streams using repeat airborne lidar35
Coastal cliff evolution: Modelling the long-term interplay between marine erosion, initial topography, and uplift in an arid environment34
Spatial variation of surface erosion rate in a fault zone and its controlling factors34
Subsurface structures of solution dolines inferred from electrical resistivity tomography: A hypothesis on the evolutionary process of solution dolines at the Akiyoshi-dai Plateau, southwest Japan33
Formation mechanism of loess-mudstone landslides in the Weibei Tableland Fault Active Zone of Baoji, China - Taking Wolongsi landslide as an example32
Evolution and temporal constraints of a multiphase postglacial rock slope failure32
Holocene aeolian dunes in the National and Natural Parks of Doñana (SW Iberia): Mapping, geomorphology, genesis and chronology32
Submerged reef and inter-reef morphology in the Western South Atlantic, Abrolhos Shelf (Brazil)31
Tectonic influence on the evolutionary dynamics of deep-water channel systems along the active accretionary prism margin in the Rakhine Basin, Myanmar: A high-resolution 3d seismic analysis31
From hypogenic to biogenic speleogenesis in semi-arid climate: Bat guano-driven carbonate weathering and cave modification in Chariton Cave, Israel31
Mapping release and propagation areas of permafrost-related rock slope failures in the French Alps: A new methodological approach at regional scale31
Investigating cost-effective single-beam survey configurations for accurate river bathymetry construction30
Editorial Board30
Challenges and opportunities of sediment budgeting using the River Sediment Budget Approach (RSBA): Three cases in Austrian gravel-bed river reaches29
Quaternary fluvial archives from Asian rivers: Reflections of tectonic activity, crustal processes and climatic variation28
CoMMa: A GIS geomorphometry toolbox to map and measure confined landforms28
Use of GIS tools, enhanced by FFT filtering methods, to detect blurred craters in Synthetic Digital Elevation Models, to improve their location and morphological characterisation28
Point cloud does matter. Selected issues of using airborne LiDAR elevation data in geomorphometric studies of rugged sandstone terrain under forest – Case study from Central Europe28
Glacial to periglacial transition at the end of the last ice age in the subtropical semiarid Andes27
Spatio-temporal interpolation of ~530 Ma paleo-DEM to quantify denudation of a terrestrial impact crater27
Editorial Board27
The impact of erosion on fault segmentation in thrust belts: Insights from thermochronology and fluvial shear stress analysis (southern Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet)26
Quantifying five decades of shoreline change in relation to river sediment supply along the Phu Yen Coast, Central Vietnam26
Sediment export from an Alpine proglacial area under a changing climate: Budgets, rates, and geomorphological processes26
Using computed tomography (CT) to reconstruct depositional processes and products in the subaqueous glaciogenic Champlain Sea basin, Ottawa, Canada25
Plio-Pleistocene drainage reorganization in the middle Yellow River of China, revealed by provenance and paleocurrent analysis of fluvial sediments25
Unveiling tropical slow-moving landslide response to seasonality and extreme meteorological events using a combination of InSAR and optical imagery: The case study of Grand Eboulis (Réunion island)25
Multivariate analysis of inlet morphodynamics: The mixed sand-gravel ebb-tidal delta of Deben Estuary, Suffolk25
Distinctive shear zones demonstrate pervasive laminar cataclastic flow throughout the gigantic Iymek rock avalanche25
Channel changes during and after extreme floods in two catchments of the Northern Apennines (Italy)25
Linking backbarrier lacustrine stratigraphy with spatial dynamics of shoreline retreat in a rapidly subsiding region of the Mississippi River Delta24
What drives major channel widening in mountain rivers during floods? The role of debris floods during a high-magnitude event24
The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 1: How mining changes erosion processes and variables24
Spatial and temporal trends in California coastal cliff retreat24
Limit of monsoonal precipitation in southern Tibet during the Last Glacial Maximum from relative moraine extents24
Headwall scour hole erosion and overhanging mass collapse play critical roles in gully head retreat on grassland under surface flow24
The splash process in aeolian transport: Phenomena, mechanisms, regulations, advances and prospects23
Spatial distribution and deposits of cliffs along the Brazilian semi-arid coast23
A model-based characterization of confined meandering rivers23
Editorial Board23
Winds of opportunity: The effects of wind on intertidal flat accretion23
An initial geopedological survey and description of historic raised beds in north-western Ireland23
Editorial Board22
Meandering river evolution in an unvegetated permafrost environment22
Editorial Board22
Ship-induced morphology along a maritime waterway in a micro-tidal environment22
Soil denudation in the northwestern Negev (Israel) following the Late Byzantine – Early Islamic period22
Faster than an urban stream: Evaluating morphodynamics in urban channel reaches that have undergone form-based channel enhancement22
Patterns of valley incision beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet revealed using automated mapping and classification22
Infrared thermography monitoring of rock faces – Potential and pitfalls21
River adjustments, geomorphic sensitivity and management implications in the Waipā catchment, Aotearoa New Zealand21
A morphometric analysis of embayed beaches: southern Sardinia Island21
Are Palmira sand dunes related to Sangay volcano eruptions? New insights derived from sand dunes mapping using sentinel 2 data21
Gully erosion and climate induced chemical weathering for vulnerability assessment in sub-tropical environment20
Polygons with halite-crusted floors and gypsum-raised rims in western Qaidam Basin and implications for polygonal landforms on Mars20
Observing rock moisture changes using electrical resistivity tomography in frost weathering caves20
Analysis of floating objects based on non-intrusive measuring methods and machine learning20
Understanding the complex geomorphology of a deep sea area affected by continental tectonic indentation: The case of the Gulf of Vera (Western Mediterranean)20
A review of large wood dynamics relevant to hazard characteristics for built structures19
Impact of vegetation cover on hydro-sedimentary fluxes in the marly badlands of the Southern Alps (Draix-Bléone Critical Zone Observatory, SE France)19
Mechanisms of rock slope failures triggered by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake and implications for landslide susceptibility19
Late Cenozoic channel migration of the proto-Yangtze River in the delta region: Insights from cosmogenic nuclide burial dating of onshore boreholes19
Geoenvironmental conditioning of landsliding in river valleys of lowland regions and its significance in landslide susceptibility assessment: A case study in the Lower Vistula Valley, Northern Poland19
Quantitative analysis the provenance of loess in the upper Hanjiang River, China: Evidence from heavy minerals and grain-size19
The effect of flood 2020 on the morphological changes of the Sadij River, Southeastern of Iran19
Geomorphic assessment of sediment storage potential and mobilisation on the hillslopes of a mountain catchment: An example from Pranmati catchment, NW Himalaya18
Navigating uncertainty: Stochastic simulation prediction of the Yellow River tail channel (fluvial reach) and its implications on 21st century floodplain management18
Evaluating the connectivity of the Yamuna and the Sarasvati during the Holocene: Evidence from geochemical provenance of sediment in the Markanda River valley, India18
Hydraulic geometry of Alpine streams channels18
Modeling the relative morphodynamic influence of vegetation and large wood in a dryland ephemeral stream, Arizona, USA18
Morphological characteristics and evolution processes of the blowouts on fine-grain armored paleodunes in the eastern Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau18
Mitigating scour around bridge piers in alluvial channels using inclined collars18
On the mechanisms resulting in the formation of the Quaternary staircase terrace systems in the valleys of the western Andean margin of Peru18
Reply to comment on “Turbulent structures at the bottom of the Gobi desert boundary layer and their impact on aeolian sand transport and dust emission” (Liang et al., 2025) by C. Keylock (2025)17
Editorial Board17
From sink to source: Late Quaternary landscape evolution and fluvial dynamics of the Hautapu River catchment, New Zealand17
Using a non-invasive multiple-method approach to characterize rock glaciers in the periglacial critical zone: An example from the San Juan Mountains, Colorado17
Editorial Board17
Mapping stony rise landforms using a novel remote sensing, geophysical, and machine learning approach17
The encountering dune fields in a bidirectional flow system in the northwestern South China Sea: Pattern, morphology, and recent dynamics17
Quantifying spit growth and its hydrodynamic drivers in wind-dominated lake environments17
Editorial Board17
Late Pleistocene slip rate and subsurface fault-plane geometry of the Latgan Fold (Bole Basin, North Tian Shan, NW China) derived from a deformed cosmogenically dated alluvial fan17
Debris flow and long-term denudation rates in a tropical passive margin escarpment in South America16
Source-to-sink patterns of grain size along the Yamuna River in the Indian Himalaya16
A channel shifting GIS toolbox for exploring floodplain dynamics through channel erosion and deposition16
Obituary for Dr. Avijit Gupta (1942–2023)16
How old are the Mojave topographic dunes? The implications of new luminescence dating analyses from the Cady Mountains, Mojave Desert, southwest USA16
Reconstruction of aeolian sand processes at different scales utilizing the Scale-Independent Particle Tracking Velocimetry16
Channel morphology in an active volcanic complex under humid tropical conditions16
The role of in-channel vegetation in driving and controlling the geomorphic changes along a gravel-bed river16
Influence of sedimentary processes and fault tectonics on the evolution of submarine canyons in the East Andaman Basin: Insights from high-resolution seismic data analysis16
Editorial Board16
Editorial Board16
A large-scale domal relief due to intraplate neotectonic compression in central Amazonia15
Power law models for rockfall frequency-magnitude distributions: review and identification of factors that influence the scaling exponent15
Spatial variability of water-induced soil erosion under climate change and land use/cover dynamics: From assessing the past to foreseeing the future in the Mediterranean island of Crete15
Long-term morphodynamic evolution in the Modaomen Estuary of the Pearl River Delta, South China15
Origin and evolution of slope-confined canyons and their relationship with gas hydrate accumulation in the northwestern Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea15
Landslides, bedrock incision and human-induced environmental changes in an extremely rapidly formed tropical river gorge15
Variation in the ITCZ position controls the evolution of the piedmont landscape of the tropical Andes (Colombia) during the late Quaternary15
Late Quaternary activity of the Qingchuan Fault, eastern Tibetan Plateau margin: Insights from stream channel offsets and catchment erosion15
Large river chronology along the Jinshaan Gorge on the Yellow River and its implications for initialization15
Landslide causative factors evaluation using GIS in the tectonically active Glafkos River area, northwestern Peloponnese, Greece15
Historical aerial image photogrammetry for tracking past deformation of Reissenschuh deep-seated rock slide in Tyrol, Austria15
A drumlin field at Fláajökull, Iceland: New insights from till shearing using magnetic fabrics15
Alongshore runup variability across contrasting beach states: Insights from field observations15
Detection of long-term slope displacement using time-series DInSAR and geological factor analysis for susceptibility assessment of landslides in northwestern Kyushu Island15
Land use changes impact on selected chemical denudation element and components of water cycle in small mountain catchment using SWAT model15
From landform inventories to landscape evolution? - Karst development in the Central Styrian Karst (Austria)14
Frost weathering in contemporary active-layer deposits—micro-scale records from Kaffiøyra Plain (NW Spitsbergen)14
Morphological dynamics and vegetation interactions in coastal dunes: UAV-based insights from Pingtan Island, China14
Exploring the bio-geomorphological evolution of mega nourishments with a cellular automata model14
Morphometric analysis of monogenetic volcanoes in the Garrotxa Volcanic Field, Iberian Peninsula14
Editorial Board14
Morphological differences of longitudinal profiles between glacial cirques and non-glacial valley heads, described by mathematical fitting14
Assessing the control factors upon glacial valley development in southernmost Patagonia (Fuegian Andes of Argentina)14
Holocene soil erosion in response to climate variability in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau14
Susceptibility assessment of soil-water hazard chain on a small catchment in gully region of Loess Plateau: Implications for artificially-induced mountaintop removal filling valley and geoheritage14
Inferring rockfall frequency-magnitude relationships and talus accumulation times from lichenometric study of talus deposits, Glenwood Canyon, CO, USA14
Assessing the effects of anthropogenesis on Appalachian flood severity: An eastern Kentucky case study14
Soil moisture dynamics near a gully head in relation to the trigger of collapse in granite red soil slope in southern China14
Internal structures of the Last Glacial Period multi-phase cold-climate aeolian dunes, Moravian Sahara, Czechia14
Assessment of methods for reconstructing Little Ice Age glacier surfaces on the examples of Novaya Zemlya and the Swiss Alps14
Editorial Board14
Three-dimensionally consistent contour-based network rendered from digital terrain model data14
Lake-level responses to climate change in an inland basin in the Japanese Islands during the last 16 kyr14
Optimisation of the geobiodiversity index for protected natural areas in northern Portugal14
Field evidence of the greatest disaster in Balinese history: The 1815 Geger Bali multi-hazard event in Buleleng14
Evolution of deep-seated bedrock landslides in a deep canyon14
Human-driven global geomorphic change14
Proposal, application and partial validation of a simplified expression evaluating the stability of sandy slopes under rainfall conditions14
Deriving a denudation index for terrestrial meteorite impact craters using drainages as proxies14
Reconstructing a 51-year record of catchment scale dissolved load for the Haast/Awarua River in the Southern Alps, New Zealand14
Characteristics of landscape and erosion in the Eastern Pamir and their implications for regional fault connections14
Entrenchment of the Yellow River since the late Miocene under changing tectonics and climate13
Inferring on fluvial resilience from multi-temporal high-resolution topography and geomorphic unit diversity13
3D modeling-based area-volume power-law relationships for incipient rotational slides13
Large rock and ice avalanches frequently produce cascading processes in High Mountain Asia13
Lava deltas, a key landform in oceanic volcanic islands: El Hierro, Canary Islands13
Editorial Board13
Multi-year evolution of 75 snow and ice deposits in Schachtdolines and Shafts of recently deglaciated karst terrain: Observations from Mount Canin-Kanin, Julian Alps, Europe13
Editorial Board13
On the effect of two-direction seasonal flows on barchans and the origin of occluded dunes13
Seismically induced rockfall hazard from a physically based model and ground motion scenarios in Italy13
Fluvial entrenchment of the Gonghe Basin and integration of the upper Yellow River - Evidence from the cosmogenically dated geomorphic surfaces13
The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 2: Modeling the influence of topography and vegetation13
Repeated failures of the giant Beshkiol Landslide and their impact on the long-term Naryn Basin floodings, Kyrgyz Tien Shan13
Characteristics and selective mobility of bedload sheets13
Numerical modelling of geothermal heat flux and ice velocity influencing the thermal conditions of the Priestley Glacier trough (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica)13
Hillslope surface classification from elevation models by using normal vectors13
A trans-scale simulation of aeolian sand flow – dune – dune field based on actual environmental wind field13
PSO-SLIC algorithm: A novel automated method for the generation of high-homogeneity slope units using DEM data13
Exhumation of the passive margin of the DR Congo during pre- and post- Gondwana breakup: Evidence from low-temperature thermochronology, geology and geomorphology13
Silica and iron mobilization, cave development and landscape evolution in iron formations in Brazil13
Editorial Board13
Fluvial-aeolian interactions in a partly confined reach of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet13
Sedimentary characteristics and formation of riverine source bordering dunes in a humid region: an example from the lower reaches of Kiso River, central Japan13
The transformation between different modes of motion of particles in steady aeolian transport13
Editorial Board13
PG-Tools: A framework and an ArcGIS toolbox to standardize paleoglacier outlines and attributes12
Late Quaternary glacial history of the Panchachuli Glacier, Darma valley, Uttarakhand, Central Himalaya: Insights from geomorphic mapping and OSL Chronology12
Gneissic tors in the central European upland: Complex Late Pleistocene forms?12
Special Issue “Fluvial geomorphology: Sediment transport, river management, and extreme events at different spatial and temporal scales”12
Effect of topographic background on sand wave migration on the eastern Taiwan Banks12
The role of monsoon in the long-term topographic evolution of East Asia (North China)12
Paleoseismic events and shallow subsurface structure of the central part of the Futagawa fault, which generated the 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto earthquake12
Spatial variation in drainage area — Runoff relationships and implications for bankfull geometry scaling12
Divergent trends in fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations following improved land-use practices, southwest Washington State12
Inter-annual morphological evolution and volume changes of a meso- to macrotidal beach exhibiting multiple intertidal bars (MITB)12
How did the Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River form?12
Bedform generation beneath shoaling nonlinear internal waves on a mild slope12
Long-term denudation rate of karstic North Dalmatian Plain (Croatia) calculated from 36Cl cosmogenic nuclides12
Terrain-driven circulation around megadune–lake system in China's Badain Jaran Sand Sea12
Morphotectonic configuration of the Podtatranská Kotlina Basin and its relationship to the origin of the Western Carpathians12
A novel hybrid model integrating high resolution remote sensing and stacking ensemble techniques for landslide susceptibility mapping: Application to event-based landslide inventory12
Testing the hypogenic hypothesis for the origin of granite multi-concave topography using electrical resistivity tomography: A case study from the Southern Albera Massif (Pyrenees, Spain)12
Assessment of piping-sinkhole development in a fluvial-terrace scarp retreat environment: A multi-temporal analysis on the lower Ticino River (Italy)12
Blowing the rivers: Regional-scale control of the drainage network by wind in northern Kalahari (Africa)12
The influence of weathering processes on microtopographic changes of sandstone under simulated upper intertidal conditions from weekly to monthly scales12
Millennial-scale coseismic landslide history inferred from topographic and stratigraphic features of a post-caldera cone of Aso Volcano in southwestern Japan12
Strandline records of high frequency, low magnitude drops in water level, glacial Lake Agassiz basin, Central Polk County, MN, USA12
Quantifying geomorphic change in Andean river valleys using UAV-PPK-SfM techniques: An example from the western Peruvian Andes12
Anthropogenic disruption of sediment connectivity by embankment dams in the fast-eroding badland basin12
Exploring the inclusion of soil management practices in erosion models towards the improvement of post-fire predictions11
Submarine geomorphology and processes: From coast to deep abyssal plains11
Environmental control of the present-day sediment export along the extratropical Andes11
Age attribution to a karst system using river long profile analysis (Hyblean Plateau, Sicily, Italy)11
Corrigendum to “The encountering dune fields in a bidirectional flow system in the northwestern South China Sea: Pattern, morphology, and recent dynamics” [Geomorphology 406 (2022) 108210]11
Assessing the morphological alteration of river reaches from 15 years of measurements: French hydromorphological database and indicators (Carhyce)11
Editorial Board11
Experimental study of sand splash-saltation process in different moisture11
Mechanisms of glacier surges in the Central Himalayas uncovered using remote sensing and glacier modelling11
Tracking geomorphic changes after suburban development with a high density of green stormwater infrastructure practices in Montgomery County, Maryland11
Inventorying rock glaciers in the Western Himalaya, India, and assessing their hydrological significance11
Prolonged landscape stability sustained the continuous development of ancient civilizations in the Shuangji River valley of China's Central Plains11
Permafrost degradation in the ice-wedge tundra terrace of Paulatuk Peninsula (Darnley Bay, Canada)11
The challenge of measuring rock moisture–a laboratory experiment using eight types of sensors11
Eastern Lomonosov Ridge: Constraints for a variable ice mass thickness during former glaciations11
Valley-scale controls and hydrogeomorphic processes driving channel breakdown in a dynamic floodplain wetland system: The Mara River, Tanzania11
Predicting urban channel morphology amidst multiple complexities11
Environmental factors controlling the Last Glacial multi-phase development of the Moravian Sahara dune field, Lower Moravian Basin, Central Europe11
Morphoevolution of the Seymareh landslide-dam lake system (Zagros Mountains, Iran): Implications for Holocene climate and environmental changes11
Channel change during catastrophic flood: Example of Storm Alex in the Vésubie and Roya valleys11
Reconstructing depositional environments through cave interior facies: The case of Galería Complex (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)11
Interaction between climatic conditions, water- and sediment-fluxes in an alpine basin: Long-term monthly and seasonal analysis11
“Fault dynamics and paleoseismic evidence in the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalayan foothills: A study of fault-controlled landscapes”11
The Botany Sands of southeast Australia: A Quaternary inland dune and swamp system11
Vertical reworking of sediment by the cased caddisfly Glossosomatidae (Agapetus fuscipes) increases sand exposure and availability in armoured gravel-bed rivers11
Meta-analysis of a large bedload transport rate dataset11
Editorial Board11
Late Quaternary river evolution and its response to climate changes in the upper Mekong River of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau11
Cliffs and ramparts: Persistent steep slopes in the landscape11
Contourite distribution on the continental slope off NW Ireland, Rockall Trough (NE Atlantic Ocean): genesis and evolution11
Characterizing the spatial variations of wind velocity and turbulence intensity around a single Tamarix tree11
Paleozoic-Mesozoic multistage tectonic evolution of the North Qilian Shan revealed by detrital zircon U-Pb and fission-track double dating10
Denudation of the Golan Heights basaltic terrain using in-situ 36Cl and OSL dating10
A cross-divide contrast index (C) for assessing controls on the main drainage divide stability of a mountain belt10
Relationships between torrent check dam systems and shoreline dynamics in semi-arid Mediterranean area: A sub-regional focus in Calabria, Italy10
Travertine and calcareous tufa occurrences as an indicator of the ongoing tectonic activity of the Central Slovak Fault System inferred from airborne laser scanning data, geomorphometric, and structur10
Eastward drainage-divide migrations driven by the spatial variations in precipitation and tectonic uplift contribute to the formation of the Parallel Rivers in the Hengduan Mountains, Southeastern Tib10
Restoring morphodynamics downstream from Alpine dams: Development of a geomorphological version of the serial discontinuity concept10
Subglacial bedform and moat initiation beneath Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica10
Hydraulics, sedimentation, and nutrient deposition within the middle Mississippi River Batture, USA10
Assessing functional characteristics of a braided river in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China10
A new metric for morphologic variability using landform shape classification via supervised machine learning10
Sediment fluxes within salt marsh tidal creek systems in the Yangtze Estuary10
Morphologic and sedimentological signatures resulting from Hurricane Ian, southwest Florida, USA: Insight into intra-storm bidirectional sediment transport processes10
Multi-decadal changes in river morphology in an urbanizing watershed: Highland Creek, Toronto, Canada10
Ice-flow adjustments during the transition from land- to lake-terminating status of Jiagai Glacier, Eastern Himalaya10
The effects of discharge and bank orientation on the annual riverbank erosion along Powder River in Montana, USA10
Long-term uplift pattern recorded by rivers across contrasting lithology: Insights into earthquake recurrence in the epicentral area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan10
Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches10
The role of riparian buffer width on sediment connectivity through windthrow in a boreal headwater stream10
Centurial changes in channel processes and their contribution to the sediment budget of a lowland river: The influence of river regulations10
Late Eocene tectonic-geomorphic transition and its dynamic mechanism: Case study of the Beibuwan Basin, northern South China Sea10
Sources of suspended sediments in salt marsh creeks: Field measurements in China and the Netherlands10
Slope mass movements and debris flow activity in the Geysernaya River valley (Kamchatka, Russia)10
0.23018503189087