Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation

Article	Citations
Eigen Background Subtraction for Industrial Flaw Detection: Application to High-Pressure Turbine Blade CT Scans	44
Bone-Implant Osseointegration Monitoring Using Electro-mechanical Impedance Technique and Convolutional Neural Network: A Numerical Study	43
Innovative IoT-Integrated Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Chloride Penetration in Concrete Structures	36
Prediction of Residual Strains Due to In-Plane Fibre Waviness in Defective Carbon-Fibre Reinforced Polymers Using Ultrasound Data	31
Piezomagnetic Behaviour of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Steel Single-lap Shear Bolted Connections	30
Eddy Current Testing in the Quantitive Assessment of Degradation State in MAR247 Nickel Superalloy with Aluminide Coatings	29
Localisation of Ultrasonic NDT Data Using Hybrid Tracking of Component and Probe	25
Modeling Ultrasonic NDE Benchmark Problems Using Full-Wave Scattering Models	22
Cut-Off Thickness Identification of Defects with Single and Two-Step Geometries Using SH1 Mode Conversion	20
Hardness and Ferrite Grain Size Evaluation of X70 Steel Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Method	18
Experimental Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity of Interfaces During Loading-Unloading Cycle: Combined Effects of Elastoplastic Nonlinear Spring, Crack-Clapping, and Adhesion	16
Analysis of Progressive Tensile Damage of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Carbon Fiber Composites by Using Acoustic Emission and Micro-CT	16
Simulation-Based Investigation of a Probability of Detection (POD) Model Using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) Technique	16
Visually Encoded Contact Inspection System for EMATs	16
Effects of Surface Roughness in Adhesively Bonded CFRP Joints Using NDE	16
Nondestructive Characterization of Multiscale Defects in an Aluminum Alloy After Cold Spray Repair	16
Simulation-Trained Neural Networks for Automatable Crack Detection in Magnetic Field Images	16
A Comparison Among Some Non-linear Prediction Tools on Indirect Determination of Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Basalt	15
Structural Health Assessment of Timber Utility Poles Using Stress Wave Propagation and Artificial Neural Network Techniques	15
Determination of Thermal Parameters of Concrete by Active Thermographic Measurements	15
A Comparative Study on Methods of Distinction Between Near- and Far-Side Defects as Techniques Used Alongside with the Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing	14
Improved Tafel-Based Potentiostatic Approach for Corrosion Rate Monitoring of Reinforcing Steel	14
Ultrasonic Echo Localization Using Seismic Migration Techniques in Engineered Barriers for Nuclear Waste Storage	14
Implementation of Supervised Classification Method of Acoustic Emission Signals: Damage Mechanisms Identification of Non-hybrid and Hybrid Flax Fibre Composites	14
Classification of Composite Delaminations via Pitch-Catch Phased Array Ultrasound	14

Backside Defect Evaluation in Carbon Steel Plate Using a Hybridized Magnetic Flux Leakage and Eddy Current Technique	13
Defect Detection in Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Composites via Terahertz Radiation	13
Photothermal NDE of UD/Epoxy-Based Carbon Fibre Reinforced Laminates for Quantitative Porosity Analysis	13
Normal Magnetizing-Based Eddy Current Testing Method for Multidirectional Cracks on Steel Plate Surface Based on Permeability Perturbation	12
Conductivity Measurement of Non-magnetic Material Using the Phase Feature of Eddy Current Testing	12
A Feature Selection Committee Method Using Empirical Mode Decomposition for Multiple Fault Classification in a Wind Turbine Gearbox	12
Impact-Delamination Detection in Repaired-Composite Laminates Using Numerical and Ultrasonic Method	11
Corrected Mode-Converted Wave Method for Detecting Defects in TOFD Dead Zone	11
An Improved Ultrasonic B-Scan Images Method for Delamination Defects in Composite Materials Based Optimized Modified Stockwell Transform	11
Scanning Induction Thermography for Bearing Ring Under AC-DC Composite Magnetization	11
Adaptive Ultrasonic Imaging Total Focusing Method Based on Covariance Correlation Weighting Factor	11
Harmonising Cross-System GPR Wave Amplitude for Concrete Diagnosis with Machine Learning	11
Detection and Separation of Close Flaws in Coarse-Grained Materials Using Ultrasonic Image Deconvolution	11
A Novel Contactless Bolt Preload Monitoring Method Using Digital Image Correlation	11
Determination of Maximum Accuracy of Concrete Textures as Natural Targets for Movement Tracking Through DIC	10
Unsupervised Enhancement of Ultrasonic Sequential Images Based on High-Frequency Feature Extraction and Bi-ConvLSTM	10
Use of Passive Thermography to Detect Detachment and Humidity in Façades Clad with Ceramic Materials of Differing Porosities	10
Automatic Air-Coupled Ultrasound Detection of Impact Damages in Fiber-Reinforced Composites Based on One-Dimension Deep Learning Models	10
Data Processing Scheme for Laser Spot Thermography Applied for Nondestructive Testing of Composite Laminates	10
Controlled Creating of Delaminations in Concrete for Nondestructive Testing	9
Buried Service Line Material Characterization Using Stress Wave Propagation: Numerical and Experimental Investigations	9
A New Method for Rapid Detection of Surface Defects on Complex Textured Tiles	9
Deploying Machine Learning for Radiography of Aerospace Welds	9
Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis in Subsurface Defect Detection with Sparse Models	9
Evaluation of RGB-D Image for Counting Exposed Aggregate Number on Pavement Surface Based on Computer Vision Technique	9
AI-Driven Synthetization Pipeline of Realistic 3D-CT Data for Industrial Defect Segmentation	9
The Image Classification Method for Eddy Current Inspection of Titanium Alloy Plate Based on Parallel Sparse Filtering and Deep Forest	9
Structural Reliability Analysis of Corroded Landing Gear Drag Beam Considering Uncertainties in Radiographic Thickness Measurement	8
Analysis of a Prototype Multi-Detector Fast-Neutron Radiography Panel	8
Assessing the Influence of Welded Joint on Health Monitoring of Rail Sections: An Experimental Study Employing SVM and ANN Models	8
Statistical and Machine Learning-Based Imaging with Long Pulse Thermography for the Detection of Non-standardised Defects in CFRP Composites	7
Debond Identification in GFRP Strengthened RC Beam Using Surface Guided Wave Mode Generated by Angle Beam Transducer	7
Research on Remote-Field Eddy Current Focusing Method for Detecting Hidden Defects in Aircraft Riveted Components	7
Research on Yield Strength Estimation and Lift-off Suppression Method Based on Incremental Permeability Features	7
X-Ray Image Generation as a Method of Performance Prediction for Real-Time Inspection: a Case Study	7
Evaluating Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage Precursors with Rayleigh Waves in 1060 Steel	7
Non-Destructive Measurement of Chloride Profiles in Cementitious Materials Using NMR	7
Classification of Time–Frequency Maps of Guided Waves Using Foreground Extraction	7
Fly Ash Blended Cement Resistivity Monitoring Using Carbon Screen-Printed Electrodes	7
Defect Characterization Method for Bridge Cables Based on Topology of Dynamical Reconstruction of Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Testing Signals	7
Automated Welding Defect Detection using Point-Rend ResUNet	7
Progress and Trends in Non-destructive Testing for Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Infrared Thermography: A Review	7
Enhancement of Predictive Bayesian Network Model for Corrosion Alarm of Steel Reinforcement with Uncertainty of NDT Measurements	7
Unexplored Physical Phenomena in Pulsed or Transient Eddy Current NDE	7
Damage Identification Based on the Nodal Line Active Modulation Method	6
Effective Method for Measuring Shear Nonlinearity of Nanocomposites Using Digital Image Correlation	6
High Energy X-Ray Source Characterization at 0.450, 3, 6, 9, and 15 MVp	6
A Modification of Magnetic Adaptive Testing: Progressive Method for Nondestructive Inspection of Microstructural Changes in Ferromagnetic Constructional Materials	6
Active Thermography Inspection of Surface-whitened Mortars – Measurement of Surface Spectral Absorptivity for Investigation of Efficient Heating Light Wavelengths	6
Reduced Training Data for Laser Ultrasound Signal Interpretation by Neural Networks	6

Self-Calibrating Stress Measurement System Based on Multidirectional Barkhausen Noise Measurements	6
Detection of Delaminations in Concrete Plates Using a Laser Ablation Impact Echo Technique	6
Quantification of Wall Loss Defect in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Curved Composites Using Lock-In Thermography	6
A Rapid Non-destructive Detection Method for Wolfberry Moisture Grade Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology	6
Validation of a Virtual Ray Tracing Instrument for Dimensional X-Ray CT Measurements	6
A Vision-Based Displacement Measurement Method of Wind Turbine Blades in Biaxial Fatigue Testing	6
Micromagnetic and Quantitative Prediction of Yield and Tensile Strength of Carbon Steels Using Transfer Learning Method	6
Degradation Detection in Rice Products via Shape Variations in XCT Simulation-Empowered AI	6
Developing a DSS for Enhancing Weldment Defect Detection, Classification, and Remediation Using HDR Images and Adaptive MDCBNet Neural Network	6
3D Remote Assistance for NDT Inspections	6
Non-destructive, Contactless and Real-Time Capable Determination of the α’-Martensite Content in Modified Subsurfaces of AISI 304	6
Modeling and Analysis of Ellipticity Dispersion Characteristics of Lamb Waves in Pre-stressed Plates	6
Microtexture Region Segmentation Using Matching Component Analysis Applied to Eddy Current Testing Data	6
Classification of Located Acoustic Emission Events Using Neural Network	6
Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Damage Detection of CFRP Composites Using the Bayesian Neural Network	5
Fruit Defect Prediction Model (FDPM) based on Three-Level Validation	5
An End-to-End Quantitative Identification Method for Mining Wire Rope Damage Based on Time Series Classification and Deep Learning	5
Air-Coupled Broadband Impact-Echo Actuation Using Supersonic Jet Flow	5
Transfer Component Analysis for Compensation of Temperature Effects on the Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring	5
Application of Pencil Lead Break (PLB) Point Source in the Detection of Interfacial Defects in Adhesive Bonds	5
Carton-Missing Detection System Based on the Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technique	5
Nondestructive Evaluation of the Isolated Pore Spatial Distribution State in a Special-Shaped C/SiC Composite Component	5
3D Scan of Hardness Imprints for the Non-destructive In-Situ Structural Assessment of Operated Metal Components	5
Quantitative Evaluation of Defect Depth in Ferromagnetic Steel with Double Defects Based on Residual Magnetic Field Measurements	5
Nondestructive, Microwave Testing of Compression Strength and Moisture Content of Green Molding Sands	5
Quality Assessment of Artocarpus heterophyllus Log Using Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques	5
Correction to: On the Use of X-ray Computed Tomography in Assessment of 3D-Printed Components	5
Damage Identification in Steel Girders of Highway Bridges Utilizing Vibration Based Methods and Convolution Neural Network in the Presence of Noise	5
The Detection of Impact Damage to the Edges of CFRP Plates Using Extensional Ultrasonic Edge Waves	5
Application of High-Dimensional Model Representation in the Ultrasonic Evaluation of Superalloy Grain Size	5
The Influence of Creep Induced Grain Boundary Separation on Electrical Non-destructive Evaluation Measurements	5
Analysis of Coil-Dependent Receiving Frequency Response of PPM EMAT Receiver Using Equivalent Model	5
Multilevel Kernel Degeneration–Adaptive Cross Approximation Method to Model Eddy Current NDE Problems	5
Model-Based POD Evaluation with Parameters from Experiment: A Comparative Study of TMR and Coil Array Probes	5
Reduction of Layered Dead Zone in Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) for Pipeline with Spectrum Analysis Method	5
Assessment of TSA Technique for the Estimation of CFRP T-Joint Debonding	5
Correction: Application of Iterative Elastic SH Reverse Time Migration to Synthetic Ultrasonic Echo Data	5
High Quality Ultrasonic Imaging at Low Detection Frequency for Defects in Thick Composites	5
Thin Wires and Edge Imaging Using Hard Bremsstrahlung Generated by a Microfocal Target of a Betatron	5
Nonlinear Impact-Echo Test for Quantitative Evaluation of ASR Damage in Concrete	5
Microwave Resonant Loaded Probe for Non-destructive Evaluation of Multilayer Composites	5
Inline Pipeline Inspection Using Hybrid Deep Learning Aided Endoscopic Laser Profiling	5
Temperature Monitoring of Through-Thickness Temperature Gradients in Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves	5
Instance Segmentation XXL-CT Challenge of a Historic Airplane	4
Practical Part-Specific Trajectory Optimization for Robot-Guided Inspection via Computed Tomography	4
Identification of Structural Damage Severity Using an Inverse Wave Analysis	4
Image Fusion Based on Evidence Theory for Multi-Energy X-Ray Computed Tomography	4
Evaluation of the Residual Plastic Deformation in Low-Carbon Steel with the Oscillatory Rotating Eddy Current Method	4
New Trends of Damage Detection and Identification Based on Vibrothermography in Composite Materials	4
Abnormal Signals Elimination in Hardness Evaluation Using Barkhausen Noise and Tangential Magnetic Field	4
Ultrasonic Testing of Corrosion in Aircraft Rivet Using Spiking Neural Network	4
Locating Low Velocity Impacts on a Composite Plate Using Multi-Frequency Image Fusion and Artificial Neural Network	4
Revisiting Piezoelectric Sensor Calibration Methods Using Elastodynamic Body Waves	4
An Improved Discrete Algebraic Reconstruction Technique for Limited-View Based on Gray Mean Value Guidance	4
Crack Orientation Determination of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Based on Alternating Current Field Measurement	4
Impact of Bounding Media on the Attenuation Characteristics of Magnetostrictive Signal Obtained from Pipe Embedded in Soil and Sand	4
The Application, Challenge, and Developing Trends of Non-destructive Testing Technique for Large-scale and Complex Engineering Components Fabricated by Metal Additive Manufacturing Technology in Aeros	4
Infrared Thermal Imaging-Based Turbine Blade Crack Classification Using Deep Learning	4
Delamination Defect Evaluation in CFRP Composite Patches by the Use of Active Thermography	4
Particle Filter-Based Fault Prognosis of Live XLPE Insulated Aerial Bundled Cables Installed at Coastal Regions Using Historical Infrared Thermography Data	4
In-Situ Surface Roughness Evaluation of Surfaces Machined with EDM by Image Processing	4
Microscaled Multi-frequency Eddy Current Analysis for High Throughput Characterization of Steel Micro-samples	4
CNN-Based Similar Microwave Reflection Signals for Improved Detectability and Intelligent Characterization of Internal Defects in Composite Materials	4
Monitoring of Crack Initiation at Coating/Substrate Interface by Residual Magnetic Field Measurement	4
Methodology for Mapping the Residual Stress Field in Serviced Rails Using LCR Waves	4
Enhancement of Track Damage Identification by Data Fusion of Vibration-Based Image Representation	3
Low Cost and Highly Sensitive Automated Surface Defects Identification Method of Precision Castings Using Deep Learning	3
Enhancement of Digital Radiographic Images for Gas Turbine Blades Based on Simple Scattering Model	3
Element Discretization Effects on Boundary Element Method Modeling for Eddy Current Nondestructive Evaluation Problems	3
Bayesian-Network-Based Evaluation for Corrosion State of Reinforcements Embedded in Concrete by Multiple Electrochemical Indicators	3
Image Analysis of the Automatic Welding Defects Detection Based on Deep Learning	3
The Detection of Local Impact Fatigue Damage on Metal Materials by Combining Nonlinear Acoustic Modulation and Coda Wave Interferometry	3
Acoustic Wave Velocities in Bridge Steels and the Effects on Ultrasonic Testing	3
Tri-level Framework for Realistic Estimation of Concrete Strength Using Bayesian Data Fusion of UPV and Guided Coring	3
Ultrasonic Water Immersion Nondestructive Testing for Nylon Bars Based on a Multi-Gaussian Beam Model	3
Use of Texture-Dependent Ultrasonic Parameter as Indicator of Degradation of Hot-Rolled Thin-Sheet Steel Under Uniaxial Tension	3
Characterization of Ultrasonic Transducer Response Using Laser Doppler Interferometer in kHz-Range for Civil Engineering Applications	3
Statistical Analysis and Automation Through Machine Learning of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Data from Tests Performed on Complex Additively Manufactured Parts	3
Enhancement of Thickness Measurement in Eddy Current Testing Using a Log–Log Method	3
Research on Ultrasonic NDT of Wire to Terminal Joints: Comparison of Combinations of Various CNNs and Signal Processing Technologies	3

Using a Tail Field in High-Speed Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing	3
Automated detection and characterization of defects in composite-metal structures by using active infrared thermography	3
Characterization of Corrosion-Induced Fracture in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Electrical Potential, Ultrasound and Low-Frequency Vibration	3
Reconstruction of Metal Defect Images Based on the Sensitivity Matrix of High Conductivity Initial Estimate for Eddy Current Tomography	3
Optimized Design of Torsional Guided wave Magnetostrictive Patch Transducer Based on Reversed Wiedemann Effect	3
Magnetic Anisotropic Behaviour of CRGO Steels for Quality Assessment	3
Influence of cyclic-loading induced fatigue micro-crack growth on generation of nonlinear ultrasonic Lamb waves	3
Characterizing Changes in a Salt Hydrate Bed Using Micro X-Ray Computed Tomography	3
Micromagnetic and Quantitative Prediction of Surface Hardness in Carbon Steels Based on a Joint Classification-Regression Method	3
X-ray Inspection Model Validation with Physical Dosimetry	3
Modelling Low-Frequency Vibration and Defect Detection in Homogeneous Plate-Like Solids	3
Nondestructive Evaluation of Banana Maturity Using NIR AS7263 Sensor	3
A Review of the Applicability of Non-destructive Testing for the Determination of the Fire Performance of Reused Structural Timber	3
Highlighting Concealed Features in Welding X-ray Radiography	3
Characterization of Complex Dielectric Permittivity of Concrete by GPR Numerical Simulation and Spectral Analysis	3
Flaw Detection and Localization in Curing Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Infrared Thermography and Kalman Filtering: A Simulation Study	3
Use of Impedance Spectroscopy for the Characterization of the Microstructure of Alkali Activated SiMn Slag: Influence of Activator and Time Evolution	3
Evaluation of Ultrasonic SH-Waveform Tomography for Determining Cover Thickness and Rebar Size in Concrete Structures	2
Spreading and Shrinking Effects of Coplanar Capacitive Sensors for Surface Defects	2
Scattering Analysis of Glaze Ice Accretion on CFRP Laminated Composite Plate Structures Using Ultrasonic Lamb Waves: Towards Aviation Safety	2
Application of Dual-target Computed Tomography for Material Decomposition of Low-Z Materials	2
Automatic Defect Classification for Infrared Thermography in CFRP based on Deep Learning Dense Convolutional Neural Network	2
Finite Element Analysis of Eddy Current Testing of Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Structure with CFRP Panels Based on the Domain Decomposition Method	2
Eigenmode Identification of Oscillating Cantilever Using Standard X-Ray Computed Tomography	2
Analysis of the Manufacturing Porosity in Fused Filament Fabricated Onyx/Long Fiber Reinforced Composites Using X-Ray Computed Tomography	2
The Core of the Fourth Revolutions: Industrial Internet of Things, Digital Twin, and Cyber-Physical Loops	2
Practical Multi-Mesh Registration for Few-View Poly-Chromatic X-Ray Inspection	2
Enhancing Weld Inspection Through Comparative Analysis of Traditional Algorithms and Deep Learning Approaches	2
Non-Destructive Evaluation and Damage Determination of Fiber-Reinforced Composites by Digital Image Correlation	2
Improved Defect Sizing in Adhesive Joints Through Feature-Based Data Fusion	2
A Novel AC-MFL Probe Based on the Parallel Cables Magnetizing Technique	2
Service Life Estimation of RC Structures Using Surface Resistivity: A Non-Destructive Approach	2
Intelligent Extraction of Surface Cracks on LNG Outer Tanks Based on Close-Range Image Point Clouds and Infrared Imagery	2
NDE of Concrete Strength and Elasticity Modulus Based on Jerk Measurement	2
Investigating the Excellence of Different Thermography Approaches to Subsurface Dis-bonds Detection in Aluminum Honeycomb Sandwich Structures	2
Acoustic Emission Waveform Analysis for Instability and Failure Evaluation of Snow	2
Interface Morphology Description and Quantification of Al–Cu Magnetic Pulse Welding Joints Using X-Ray Micro-computed Tomography	2
Automated Defect Detection in Non-planar Objects Using Deep Learning Algorithms	2
Modeling of Axisymmetric Ultrasonic Waves Reflected from Circumferential Notches in a Pipe based on a Rigorous Analytical Theory and Implementation on Distributed Devices	2
Novel Insights on Spatio-Temporal Analysis for Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging Using Principal Component Analysis on Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Material	2
Simulation and Detection of Rectangular Magnetic Cracks in Metallic Plates	2
Depth Resolved Thermal Wave Imaging Approach for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Steel Sample	2
Detecting Defects in Composites Using Combined Heating/Cooling: Theory and Experiments	2
Defect Enhancement and Image Noise Reduction Analysis Using Partial Least Square-Generative Adversarial Networks (PLS-GANs) in Thermographic Nondestructive Evaluation	2
Selecting Feasible Trajectories for Robot-Based X-ray Tomography by Varying Focus-Detector-Distance in Space Restricted Environments	2
Proposing a Nondestructive and Intelligent System for Simultaneous Determining Flow Regime and Void Fraction Percentage of Gas–Liquid Two Phase Flows Using Polychromatic X-Ray Transmission Spectra	2
Principle, Equipment and Applications of Line-Scanning Infrared Thermographic NDT	2
Simulation of Associated Particle Technique used for Reducing Noise in 14 MeV Neutron Radiography	2
Portable Generator to Detect Cracks on Large Steel Structures: An Application of Inductive Thermography	2
A Method for Non-destructive Detection of Moisture Content in Oilseed Rape Leaves Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology	2
Developing a Neural Network Based Microwave Sensing System for Accurate Salinity Prediction in Water	2
Acoustic Response of Reference Notches: Derivation of Acceptance Criteria for Automated Ultrasonic Testing Based on the Correlation Between Defect Quality and Effective Defect Size	2
Image Based Measurement of Individual Fiber Lengths for Randomly Oriented Short Fiber Composites	2
A Comparative Study of Rigid Three-Dimensional Image Registration Methods for Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals Using a Gold Standard Approach	2
Nondestructive Evaluation of Adhesive Joints Using Nonlinear Non-collinear Wave Mixing Technique	2
Reconstruction of the Ferromagnetic Hysteresis in the Rayleigh Regime by Means of Impedance Analysis of the Excitation Coil	2
Inspection of Welding Defect Based on Multi-feature Fusion and a Convolutional Network	2
Efficient Finite Element Modeling of Piezoelectric Transducers for Wave-Propagation-Based Analysis	2
Application of Iterative Elastic SH Reverse Time Migration to Synthetic Ultrasonic Echo Data	2
Comparison of Backscattered and Transmitted Gamma Rays Spectra for Prediction of Volume Fraction of Three-Phase Flows Using Machine Learning Model	2
Optimized Viewing Techniques to Minimize Radiation Damage From X-ray Imaging Systems	2
A Highly Efficient and Lightweight Detection Method for Steel Surface Defect	2
A Novel Quantitative Detection Model Based on Scanning Mode of Planar Double-Electrode Sensor	2
On the Combined Effect of Elastic and Plastic Strain on Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Signals	2
Automated Detection of Delamination Defects in Composite Laminates from Ultrasonic Images Based on Object Detection Networks	2
Broadband Sparse Decomposition of Lamb Wave Signals	2