Ironmaking & Steelmaking

Article	Citations
Effect of P2O5 on the viscous flow and crystallisation behaviour of slag in the double slag converter steelmaking process	74
Mechanism of surface rust defects on tinplate strip steel during storage and transportation	54
Composition optimization and high-temperature characteristics of fluorine-free CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-B 2 O 3	40
Optimization of VD/VOD multi-stage serial steam ejectors based on CFD	36
Precipitate behaviour of large-sized Nb(C, N) in micro-alloyed steel	23
Understanding casting behaviour of low carbon high manganese steel through detailed characterization of mould powder and mould top slag	22
Effect of cooling conditions on the size evolution of typical inclusions in the Al-Ti deoxidised steel	19
Reutilisation of spent SCR catalyst powder in the direct reduction process	16
Effect of CaO/Al2O3 ratio on desulphurization and non-metallic inclusions in low-density steel	16
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model	15
A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel	14
Study on oxygen blowing optimisation of reducing (FeO) content in slag in EAF steelmaking process with high ratio of hot metal to scrap	14
Hydraulic and numerical simulation of flow field characteristics in induction heating continuous casting tundish	14
Effect of recycling ladle furnace slag as flux on steel desulphurization during secondary steel making	14
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of ferrite structure on the mechanical characteristics of pearlite	13
A comparative study on environmentally friendly ironmaking process through air to oxygen	13
Slim-YOLOv8: A fast and accurate algorithm for surface defect detection of steel strips	13
Two-dimensional spectroscopic analysis of sulphur group and pyrite transformations in coal coking	12
Reduction characteristics of cold-agglomerated pellets in blast furnace conditions	12
Effect of depressions on the three-dimensional propagation of longitudinal surface crack in continuous casting strands of hypo-peritectic steel	12
Influence of different central nozzle diameters and powder injection rates on carbon powder mixed injection with shrouding supersonic oxygen jet (CMISSO) lance	12
Microsegregation and solidification characteristics of an advanced high strength steel – part II: experimental validation	11
Recognition of sticker breakout in mould thermograph based on template matching	11
The simulation of mould metallurgical behaviour under electromagnetic stirring for vertical large bloom	10
A preliminary exploration on improving the solidification quality of electroslag ingot based on laboratory scale experiment	10

Role of vanadium content in hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel	10
Analysing the HIsmelt process for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite	10
Study on the effect of Al 2 O 3 on the crystallization behaviour of MnO–SiO 2 –MgO inclusions i	10
Consolidation and reduction behaviour of pellets with sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite: a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic properties	10
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on the viscosity of blast furnace slag	10
Simulation study of irrigation system in the cross-pipe primary cooler of coke oven gas purification	9
Investigation of the effects of lubrication type, blankholder force and force holding time on the spring-back behaviour for hat-shaped MART steels	9
Numerical simulation of flow field in continuous casting slab mould under EMS conditions assisted with high-temperature quantitative velocity measurement	9
Plate mill metallurgical quality improvement and process control using off-line simulation and digitalization	9
Evaluation of longitudinal cracks in thin slab using coupled fluid flow and thermo-mechanical numerical modelling approach	9
Operational application of numerical modelling for evaluation of hearth condition over a blast furnace campaign: Whyalla No. 2 Blast Furnace 4th campaign	9
How the skin-pass rolling reduction ratio affects the strain aging behaviour of low-carbon steel sheets	9
Process modelling for the production of hydrogen-based direct reduced iron in shaft furnaces using different ore grades	8
Vanadium extraction from vanadinite and high carbon v-bearing stone coal by coupling reduction smelting and oxalic acid hydrothermal leaching	8
Kinetic analysis on reduction process of copper slag with and without CaO	8
Mathematical model of molten iron and slag flow in the hearth	8
Supersonic jet characteristics of two parameter oxygen lance nozzle	8
Research on shear-thinning and surface properties of CaO–SiO2–CaF2–Al2O3-based mould flux	8
Dynamic recrystallisation and constitutive equation in hot deformed AISI H10 tool steel	8
Study on heat storage characteristics and carbon optimisation in the sintering process	7
Optimisation of an oxygen supply prediction model based on the K-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm using the Pearson correlation coefficient	7
Statement of Retraction: The effect of laminar cooling heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field of steel plate	7
Vision-based detection system of slag flow from ladle to tundish with the help of the detection of undulation of slag layer of the tundish using an image analysis technique	7
Effect of MgO on solidification crystallisation behaviour of high SiO2 content MnO–SiO2–Al2O3-based inclusions in Si–Mn-killed steel	7
Cleansing the molten steel due to the dispersed in situ phase induced by the composite sphere explosion reaction II. Inclusion removal	7
Mechanism on reduction swelling of pellets prepared from Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate	7
Effect of municipal sludge addition on the sinter process and sinter quality	7
Solid carbonaceous materials transformation during pulverised coal and natural gas co-injection	7
Effect of TiO2 on melting and crystallisation properties of CaF2(50%)-CaO-Al2O3-MgO(3%)-ZrO2(4%) electroslag	7
Editorial	7
Long-time strain aging responses of commercial dual-phase steels at room temperature	7
Mechanistic study on the utilisation and mineral formation of incineration fly ash in sintering	6
Strip tracking control using novel insights into the differential rolling process	6
High-temperature oxidation behavior and subsurface phase transformation of high-Mn high-Al steel	6
DT-MNLR: a novel hybrid machine learning framework for precise coke strength and reactivity prediction	6
Influence of preheating lump ore on blast furnace smelting energy saving and consumption reduction	6
Correction	6
Regional steel price index predictions for the southwest Chinese market through machine learning	6
Effect of ladle slag composition on the cleanliness of Al-Ti deoxidized interstitial-free steel	6
Prediction model for hot rolling force in electrical steel involving phase transformation using SSA-LSTM network and mathematical model	6
Effect of Mn pre-partition before cold rolling on austenite reversion and mechanical properties of 3.5Mn steel	6
Reverse aging of pearlitic carbon steel wire rod	6
Effect of CaF2 and CaO/Al2O3 ratio on evaporation and melting characteristics of low-fluoride CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2 slag	6
Formation and control of longitudinal cracks in hypoperitectic steel slabs	6
Optimisation of influencing factors for iron recovery rate in melting reduction ironmaking using response surface methodology	6
Process parameter optimization for spring back in steel grade sheet materials under V-bending using FEM and ANN approach	6
Numerical simulation on coking process of coke oven with external flue gas recirculation	6
Investigation on hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of superaustenitic stainless steel S31254 during elevated temperature compression testing	6
Research and development of a pilot continuous annealing and MgO coating line for grain-oriented silicon steel	6
The effect of TiN precipitated particles on the austenite grain and hardenability of 20CrMnTi gear steel	6

Development of a high-efficiency dephosphorization process via the fine in situ phases due to the composite ball explosion	6
Influence of various counter-bodies on the sliding friction and wear response of M50 steel	6
Dynamic prediction of flue gas information driven by converter mouth flame spectral information	6
Thermodynamic modelling of steelmaking slag to reduce refractory consumption during CONARC ® process	6
Edge drop prediction of hot-rolled silicon steel based on a mechanism and data model	5
Vacuum degassing impact on non-metallic inclusions during clean steelmaking	5
An unresolved CFD-DEM method for studying migration and clogging of fine particles through a packed bed	5
Effect of arc parameters on metal transfer in consumable electrode melting during the VAR process by numerical investigation	5
Microstructure and mechanical properties of multiaxially forged Fe–30Mn–9Al–0.8C and Fe–20Mn–10Al–1C low-density steels	5
Evaluation of motion behaviour of inclusions at the moulten steel–slag interface based on a modified model	5
Effect of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO(–CaF2) refining slag system on inclusions in silicon–manganese deoxidized spring steel	5
Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel	5
A visual slag peeling detection method in blast furnace	5
Spheroidizing annealing of thermomechanically hot-rolled steel rods: influence of the prior microstructure on the mechanical characteristic and phase transformations	5
Structural optimisation of three-strand asymmetric tundish for super large round bloom continuous casting	5
Scrap dissolution effect in BOF converter process	5
Influence of auto-tempering on mechanical properties and microstructure of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel by discontinuous cooling process	5
Influence mechanism of different reactive Iron Carbon Agglomerates on softening–melting–dropping properties of BF mixed burdens	5
Hot metal quality improvement in TATA steel: A decade long journey	5
Sticker breakout recognition based on temperature characteristics and stacking multi-classifier model	5
Directionally solidified structure of peritectic steel	5
Molecular dynamics analysis of the microstructural behavior of fluoride ions in CaO–SiO2-based and CaO–Al2O3-based slag systems	5
Prediction model of BOF end-point phosphorus content and sulfur content based on LWOA-TSVR	5
Thermo-mechanical behaviour analysis of slab corner during special steel continuous casting	5
Soft sensor model for endpoint carbon content and temperature in BOF steelmaking based on just-in-time learning with multilayer structure preservation and sparse information enhancement	5
Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel	5
Studies on characterization of properties of low-grade hematite iron ores and their fired pellets	5
Study on asymmetry and temperature difference between different strands in 7-outlets tundish	5
Heat transfer behaviour of funnel mould copper plates with high casting speed during different water supply processes	5
Response analysis of a continuously-cast billet under the impact vibration of the solidification end	5
Effect of nitrogen-containing alloy and N2 injection on nitrogen absorption and cleanliness of molten steel in RH vacuum	5
Effect of water vapour on the interface reaction between carbon brick and molten iron in blast furnace hearth	5
Analysis of true and false sticker breakouts’ characteristics based on mould thermal image	5
Effects of sulphur content and cooling rate on the precipitation characteristics of MnS in high-sulphur peritectic steel	5
Effect of boron and cerium additions on microstructures and mechanical properties in simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Al-killed high-strength steel	5
A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle	5
Experimental study on parameters optimisation of adding vanadium-titanium magnetite to iron ore pellet	5
A size-dependent closure criterion for slab corner defects during vertical rolling process based on mathematical method	5
Evolution mechanism of Ca-containing inclusions in 20Mn23AlV high-manganese non-magnetic steel during the refining process	5
Silicon in hot metal from a blast furnace, the role of FeO	5
Numerical investigation of AC electric arc plasma heat dissipation in EAF	5
Study on the effect of Al-La composite deoxidation on the modification behaviors of TiN and sulfide inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel	4
The calibration of the MMC damage model under various hardening models and yielding criterions for DP800 steel	4
Component optimization of sintering raw material based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and response surface method	4
The effect of N addition on the micro-structure and corrosion resistance of modified 6Mo super austenitic stainless steels during isothermal aging treatment	4
Physical simulation of macroinstability behaviour of liquid level in oxygen coal combustion melting and separation furnace	4
Evolution mechanism of inclusions during refining and continuous casting process of 321H stainless steel	4
Utilization of micro-fines in sinter making and its implications on bed permeability and sinter quality	4
A thermodynamic model of the titanium distribution behaviour between slag and molten steel during LF refining process: description and application	4
Investigating the sensitivity of dual-phase steel microstructure to continuous annealing line parameters	4
Thermal deformation model and grain refinement mechanism in δ-ferrite-based lightweight steel	4
Control of macrosegregation at the steel gradient transition by submerged entry nozzle and mold electromagnetic stirring	4
Effect of zircon addition on the sintering of chromite-based ladle filler sands	4
Investigation on the control of rare earth content and surface quality of ingot during electroslag remelting process	4
Effect of acidity coefficient on crystallization behaviour of modified blast furnace slag	4
Temperature prediction model for ladle furnace based on mathematical mechanisms and the GA–BP algorithm	4
Effect of hot rolling reduction process on macro-inclusion in high silicon steel plates: A numerical study	4
Study on the three-dimensional morphology of MnS inclusions in high sulphur steel	4
Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties	4
Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in high Mn–high Al steel during heat treatment	4
Application of the Fuller–Thompson equation in sinter blend design to increase sinter productivity	4
Optimisation study of roll profile for controlling high-order wave defects in an ultra-wide rolling mill	4
Application and assessment of aluminium deoxidation equilibria in liquid steel using various formalisms based on some statistical thermodynamic models	4
The effects of laser-assisted heat treatment on warm formability of dual-phase materials	4
Wettability of molten CaO-Al2O3-MgO slag on some refractory materials at 1773K	4
Effect of Al 2 O 3 on viscosity and structure of CaO–SiO 2 –FeO t	4
Effect of strip profile of hot-rolled silicon steel on transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip	4
Effect of nitrogen and tempering temperature on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0Cr15Ni6Mo2 martensitic stainless steel	4
Validated kinetic modelling of ladle furnace process for predicting inclusions in API steel grade	4
Interface reaction between carbon composite brick and blast furnace slag	4
Crystallisation behaviour and enhanced separation of RE-phase in RE-bearing blast furnace slag	4
Calculation of production balances and costs in ladle furnace refining process with addition of scrap steel	4
Effect of intercritical heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low alloy structural steels with residual element tin	4
Formation mechanism of inspection defects in hundred-ton class 55NiCrMoV7 die steel forging	3
Intelligent prediction for the temperature of molten steel after RH treatment	3
Study on the reaction mechanism of multi-source metallurgical dust for zinc extraction and iron enrichment	3
Physical and chemical properties of CaF2−CaO−Al2O3−MgO slag for electroslag remelting of Mg-containing GH3128 superalloy	3
Numerical study on the effects of strands consistency on metallurgical transport behaviours of low-carbon steel in tundish–submerged entry nozzle–mould systems	3
Effect of nitrogen content and cerium treatment on the characteristics of inclusions in non-oriented silicon steel	3
Evolution behaviour of interfacial structure between quicklime and converter slag: slag-forming route based on FetO component	3

Effect of Ti–Mg, V microalloying treatment on mechanical properties of HRB400 rebars	3
An improved simulation modelling on the heat transfer process of wire-feeding spheroidization in iron melt	3
Carburisation of hydrogen-reduced iron ore pellets by CH4–H2 gas mixtures for sustainable steelmaking	3
Serpentinised olivine used in tundish refractory working layer: A source of blowhole defect in steel billets	3
Sintering behaviours of different ladle filler sands with high-chromium stainless steel	3
Statement of Retraction	3
Analysis and optimisation on the energy consumption of electric arc furnace steelmaking	3
Prediction interval estimation of sinter drum index based on light gradient boosting machine and kernel density estimation	3
Role of self-disintegrating effect produced by decomposition of limestone core on accelerating dissolution of lime in CaO–SiO 2 –FeO x	3
Ionic analysis of the effect of temperature on dephosphorization capacity of silicate slags	3
Effect of Zr on austenite grains growth behaviour of high strength Ti microalloyed low carbon steel	3
Prediction of the ribbon length to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining powder containing CaF2 using inclined plane test and advanced mathematical model	3
Numerical study on the influence of pellet proportion on burden distribution in blast furnace	3
Grain boundary segregation of B and microstructure evolution in a hot-drawn Fe–B alloy	3
Abatement of CO2 emissions by lowering hot metal ratio (HMR) in basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process	3
In-situ study of microstructures and sulphides and machinability of Bi-bearing free-cutting steels	3
Slag parameters and sulphur partition in blast furnace hearth: Ukrainian case and international comparison	3
Study on hydrogen smelting reduction behaviour in synthetic molten HIsarna slag	3
Defect attention-based lightweight real-time adaptable surface defect analysis	3
Metallurgical insight of premature failure of a Blast Furnace copper stave	3
Study on the control of transverse cracks at the corners of large square billets for continuous casting of marine 945 hypo-peritectic micro-alloyed steel	3
Casting parameters and propagation behaviour of sticker breakout for the conventional slab	3
Study on the synergistic effect of electromagnetic stirring and mechanical reduction on the improvement of the internal homogeneity of high-carbon steel billet	3
Numerical investigation of incremental forming process of AISI 304 stainless steel	3
Phase field simulation on the synergistic variation of solidification structure morphology and segregation for continuous casting process of high carbon steel billets	3
Microstructure analysis and mineral phase transformation of coke in blast furnace	3
Corner structure optimisation design of billet mould tube for Q235 with high casting speed	3
Coke dry quenching and implications on coke quality and blast furnace performance	3
Mathematical modelling of the liquid/liquid mass transfer behaviour in gas stirred ladles	3
Ironmaking process under artificial intelligence technology: A review	3
Study of lime flow rate on calcium looping carbon capture for steel plant	3
Assessment of the dissolution rate and behaviour of raw dolomite and limestone with different calcination degrees in primary steelmaking slags	3
Thermodynamic and kinetic behaviours of copper slag carbothermal reduction process	3
Prediction of SO2, NOx and PM in the sintering process based on deep learning	3
A study on the effect mechanism of moisture content of the mixed material on denitrification in the sintering process	3
Effect of isothermal cooling on solidification behaviour of peritectic steel under in situ observation	3
Evaluation of the sulphide capacity of Na 2 O-containing silicate slags using a structural model	3
Application of instance segmentation algorithm incorporating attention mechanism and BiFPN for sinter ore particle size recognition	2
Dual effect of MgO on softing–melting performance of high gangue sinter: changes of slag viscosity and phase composition	2
Influence of carbon on thermal deformation behaviour and deformation/diffusion mechanism of V-microalloyed steel by physical constitutive analysis	2
Thermodynamic analysis of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) formation inside the HIsarna off-gas system	2
Application of neural network in steelmaking and continuous casting: A review	2
Kinetic model of dephosphorization in the new double slag converter steelmaking process	2
Steel World Editorial	2
Application of crystallization additivity principle in continuous casting mould flux	2
Coupled CFD-FEM modeling of fluid–thermal–structural interaction in a single-strand tundish	2
Improved temperature and grain size consistency of continuous cast slabs through cooling spray regulation	2
Forecasting of blast furnace gas utilisation rate via convolutional autoencoders and K-nearest neighbour methods	2
Study on structure and viscosity evolution mechanism of titanium-containing iron liquid in full viscosity range	2
Effect of small amounts of cerium on impact toughness and tensile properties of industrial Al-killed steel Q355D	2
Detoxification and synergistic recovery of Cr and V from stainless steel slag and stone coal by self-smelting reduction	2
Morphology and crystallography of microstructures in Mg-deoxidized offshore engineering steels after simulated welding thermal cycles	2
Effect of partitioning temperature on the microstructure and evolution of medium manganese steel	2
A novel soft sensing modelling approach for sulphur content estimation in hot metal pretreatment process	2
Numerical simulation of industrial scale RH degasser under different operational parameters	2
Development of high impact toughness offshore engineering steel by yttrium-based rare earth addition	2
Prediction of nitrogen behaviour in the AOD process by a time-dependent thermodynamic model	2
Effects of high Al content on the steel–slag reaction and inclusion formation in molten steel	2
Research on deformation resistance of strip steel and rolling force prediction during cold rolling based on the hot rolling parameters	2
Investigation of Mo microalloying-induced intragranular ferrite and grain refinement	2
Effect of CO–CO2 and H2–H2O on the reduction degree of fluxed pellets: reduction mechanism within hydrogen-rich blast furnace	2
Feasibility study of HIsmelt smelting of vanadium–titanium magnetite based on slag viscosity: influence of slag chemistry on its fluidity	2
Exploring pyrolysis and reduction behaviour of high-sulphur petroleum coke for disposal of Zn-containing dust	2
CFD modelling of the off-gas system HIsarna iron making process part 2: reflux chamber geometry modification and effects on flow behaviour	2
Correction	2
Synergistic regulation of microstructure, properties, and abrasive wear mechanism of a medium carbon dual phase steel for plowshares	2
Attenuation of sound signals in foams for the basic oxygen furnace using physical modelling techniques	2
Numerical simulation of solidification structures in continuous casting of a thin slab at high casting speed	2
Impact of cerium on microstructure of rust and corrosion resistance of Cu-Cr-Ni-V micro-alloyed steels in NaHSO3 acid accelerated test	2
Effect of B2O3 on structure of CaO–Al2O3–CaF2–B2O3 molten slag using molecular dynamics simulation	2
Kinetics of coke-based reduction of oolitic hematite in microwave	2
Effect of Cs2O-containing refining slag on the purity of ultra-clean steel for ultra-fine saw wire	2
Influence of the heat treatment on the quantitative features of the fracture surfaces and the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel sheets	2
Prediction model of permeability index for blast furnace based on WD-NL-transformer	2
Effect of slag basicity and reduction time on carbothermal reduction behaviour of P-bearing steelmaking slag	2
Detailed deformation behaviour analysis of DP steels at warm forming temperatures via warm tensile tests	2
Establishment and test of ‘dynamic relative area’ models for hot-metal dephosphorization and rephosphorization	2
Numerical analysis of the heat transfer behavior of steel stream in the converter tapping	2
Numerical investigation on effect of electromagnetic stirring on macrosegregation in continuously cast round bloom via three-phase solidification model	2
Interpretable stacking ensemble learning for predicting the BOF oxygen blowing amount for making high-carbon steel with state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning models	2
Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel	2
Numerical simulation of slag entrapment process during the end of casting in tundish	2
Thermodynamic investigation of biomass-steam gasification in converter vaporisation flue for synthesis gas production	2
Fluid flow, solidification and solute transport in billet continuous casting with different stirrer positions	2
Shifting strategy optimization of the thermal work roll in hot strip rolling based on three particle swarms and differential evolution algorithm	2
Phosphorus diffusion at the interface between 2CaO·SiO2 and CaO–SiO2–FeO–P2O5 slag	2
Real-time detection of coke particles in blast furnace operations using machine learning: Case of a steel plant in India	2
Effect of the inclusion features on mechanical properties of steel	2
Carryover slag weight prediction under converter tapping process by applying attention-shifting infrared thermal mapping technique	2
Viscosity and structure of CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based mold fluxes with various CaO/Al2O3 mass ratios	2
Interaction of various factors in controlled cooling process and its influence on stress and strain of steel plate	2
Investigation of wear and surface quality of raw AISI H13 hot work tool steel in electro-discharge machining machine	2
Investigate the oxidation induration mechanism of manganese-bearing magnetite concentrate pellets	2
Hot deformation behaviour of microstructural evolution in 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel during high-temperature straining	2
Effect of direct alloying of manganese ore–cored wires on the composition and quality of molten steel	2