Ironmaking & Steelmaking

Article	Citations
Quantification and prediction of furnace cylinder activity based on LASSO-GWO-CNN hybrid model	92
A comparative study on environmentally friendly ironmaking process through air to oxygen	56
Effect of small amounts of cerium on impact toughness and tensile properties of industrial Al-killed steel Q355D	46
A novel soft sensing modelling approach for sulphur content estimation in hot metal pretreatment process	42
Effect of nitrogen content and cerium treatment on the characteristics of inclusions in non-oriented silicon steel	41
Abatement of CO2 emissions by lowering hot metal ratio (HMR) in basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) process	37
Evolution of oxide inclusions and cleanliness control in Al-killed GCr15SiMn bearing steel during secondary refining process	33
Thermodynamic strategy for hydrogen-based direct reduction shaft furnace to achieve a higher efficiency	32
Forecasting of blast furnace gas utilisation rate via convolutional autoencoders and K-nearest neighbour methods	21
Precipitate behaviour of large-sized Nb(C, N) in micro-alloyed steel	21
Mechanism of cerium-based inclusion formation and influence on impact toughness in industrial Al-killed steel	18
A size-dependent closure criterion for slab corner defects during vertical rolling process based on mathematical method	16
Vertical vibration model for the roll system of a six-high rolling mill based on the Timoshenko beam theory	15
A novel cooling structure of narrow copper plate for small chamfered mold	14
Substituting natural gas with hydrogen: A case study on mass, energy, and emissions in electric arc furnace steelmaking	14
Effect of the asymmetric flow behaviour of molten steel on solidified shell in slab continuous casting mould	14
Mechanism of surface rust defects on tinplate strip steel during storage and transportation	13
Study of lime flow rate on calcium looping carbon capture for steel plant	12
Effect of rare earth Ce treatment on the microstructure and properties of 430 ferritic stainless steel bearing Sn and Cu	12
Soft sensor model for endpoint carbon content and temperature in BOF steelmaking based on just-in-time learning with multilayer structure preservation and sparse information enhancement	12
Optimizing the transition pathway of a steel plant towards hydrogen-based steelmaking	11
Strain hardening and tensile deformation behaviour of two advanced high-strength steels with ferrite-bainite microstructure	11
Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Bottom-blowing O2-CO2-CaO Process in Basic Oxygen Furnace Steelmaking	10
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) study on the porosity structure of slag film in the steel continuous casting	10
Hydraulic and numerical simulation of flow field characteristics in induction heating continuous casting tundish	10

Effect of Ti–Mg, V microalloying treatment on mechanical properties of HRB400 rebars	10
Phase transformation and microstructural evolution of coating layer of Al–Si coated 22MnB5 steel during thermal diffusion	9
Research on the reaction mechanism and control of aluminium enhancement for electroslag remelting high-quality turbine blade steel	9
Effect of Ce2O3 content on structure, viscosity, and melting properties of CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2-Ce2O3 slag	9
Multiphase modelling of inclusion removal by bubble adhesion in the submerged entry nozzle with centrifugal swirling flow	9
Improving electrochemical corrosion resistance of AISI 304 using tungsten carbide-cobalt/silicon carbide high-velocity oxygen fuel coatings	9
Investigation of wear and surface quality of raw AISI H13 hot work tool steel in electro-discharge machining machine	9
Effect of alloying on the cleanliness of Ti-stabilised interstitial-free (IF) steel during Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) treatment	9
Study on oxygen blowing optimisation of reducing (FeO) content in slag in EAF steelmaking process with high ratio of hot metal to scrap	8
A novel intelligent control approach for lateral deviation in hot-rolled strip steel	8
Kinetics of medium-manganese steel prepared by solid-state decarburisation	8
Preset model of bending force in 6-high universal crown tandem cold rolling mill based on symbolic regression	8
Physical simulation study on flow field characteristics of molten steel during argon blowing in shroud of tundish	8
Effect of Li2O on rheological properties, structure, and crystallization of mould flux for high-speed thin-slab continuous casting	8
Effect of B2O3 on structure of CaO–Al2O3–CaF2–B2O3 molten slag using molecular dynamics simulation	8
Correction	7
Effect of heat treatment process on precipitation of V microalloyed steel	7
Mathematical modelling of novel combined stirring method during the final stage of ladle refining	7
Combined impacts of thickness and bending angle on springback of 1000DP steel sheets	7
Phase transition mechanism of high-silica fluxed pellets during consolidation	7
Effect of recycling ladle furnace slag as flux on steel desulphurization during secondary steel making	7
Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel	7
Numerical simulation of solidification structures in continuous casting of a thin slab at high casting speed	7
Properties of both Chinese silica brick and silica raw material	7
Understanding casting behaviour of low carbon high manganese steel through detailed characterization of mould powder and mould top slag	7
Effect of coke reactivity on softening-melting and dripping behaviors of sinter	7
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of heating on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot rolled high strength bainitic steel rail	7
Recent advances in inclusions and central segregation control technology in tyre cord steel and saw wire steel	7
Experimental determination of the shell thickness within the primary cooling zone in the continuous casting process	7
Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the nucleation mechanism and mechanical properties of MC5 roller steel	6
Directionally solidified structure of peritectic steel	6
Effects of fine blanking process on cutting surfaces of high-strength DP600 and DP800 sheets	6
Effect of degree of burden mixing on the permeability of ferrous burden layers in the cohesive zone	6
Numerical study on a new swirling flow pocket brick for tundish upper nozzle during continuous casting of steel	6
Development of a boron-containing reduced activation Ferritic-Martensitic (B-RAFM) steel	6
Intelligent evaluation and operation recommendation system of sintering process based on analytic hierarchy process–entropy weight method–technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solu	6
Effect of magnetic alternate stirring on solidification structure of the round billet	6
Physical and chemical properties of CaF2−CaO−Al2O3−MgO slag for electroslag remelting of Mg-containing GH3128 superalloy	6
SD-YOLO: A lightweight steel surface defect detection model with dynamic parameterisation for adaptive feature modulation	6
Viscosity and structure of CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based mold fluxes with various CaO/Al2O3 mass ratios	6
Refining at the impact and emulsion zones of basic oxygen steel making process – a fundamental study	6
Study on hydrogen smelting reduction behaviour in synthetic molten HIsarna slag	6
Liquid phase fluidity study of iron ore fines based on improved CondInst	6
Optimising the feeding system for improving pellet distribution levels in gas-based shaft furnace based on the improved analytic hierarchy process	6
Effect of Cs2O-containing refining slag on the purity of ultra-clean steel for ultra-fine saw wire	6
Numerical simulation analysis of the rolling process based on the particle swarm hybrid algorithm	6
Optimization of VD/VOD multi-stage serial steam ejectors based on CFD	6
Reaction mechanism of CO/CO2 with low-carbon aluminium-killed molten steel during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process	6
Effect of P2O5 on the viscous flow and crystallisation behaviour of slag in the double slag converter steelmaking process	6
Prediction model of permeability index for blast furnace based on WD-NL-transformer	6

An unresolved CFD-DEM method for studying migration and clogging of fine particles through a packed bed	5
Spheroidizing annealing of thermomechanically hot-rolled steel rods: influence of the prior microstructure on the mechanical characteristic and phase transformations	5
Designing mould fluxes to prevent longitudinal cracking for peritectic steel slab casting	5
Effect of CaO/Al2O3 ratio on desulphurization and non-metallic inclusions in low-density steel	5
Morphology and crystallography of microstructures in Mg-deoxidized offshore engineering steels after simulated welding thermal cycles	5
The strength prediction model of iron ore sinter based on an artificial neural network	5
The precise control of end flare with residual stresses of UHSS thin-walled component in roll forming process	5
Effect of CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaF2 slags on deep deoxidation and desulphurisation of low-Ni 201 stainless steel by simultaneous consideration of multiple slag–steel reactions	5
Effect of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO(–CaF2) refining slag system on inclusions in silicon–manganese deoxidized spring steel	5
Use of mask R-CNN for detection and control of slag scraper wear	5
Steel world editorial 50.05	5
Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel	5
Review of hydrogen-rich ironmaking technology in blast furnace	5
Modelling of continuous casting processes parameters on the shrinkage cavity formation in bearing steel blooms	5
Effect of cooling conditions on the size evolution of typical inclusions in the Al-Ti deoxidised steel	5
A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel	5
Effect of arc parameters on metal transfer in consumable electrode melting during the VAR process by numerical investigation	5
Effects of Al–La alloy ratios on the modification behaviours of the TiN and sulphide inclusions in 20CrMnTi steel under composite deoxidations	5
Reutilisation of spent SCR catalyst powder in the direct reduction process	5
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model	5
Modulation of δ-ferrite formation and austenite stability in Al-added medium-Mn steels and its role in the structure–property relationships	5
Hydrogen affection on softening and melting behaviours of high alumina sinter in gas-injection blast furnace	5
Prediction model of BOF end-point phosphorus content and sulfur content based on LWOA-TSVR	5
Basic research on the coherent jet with hydrogen as the surrounding gas	5
Shifting strategy optimization of the thermal work roll in hot strip rolling based on three particle swarms and differential evolution algorithm	5
Energy balance and deoxidation status of electric arc furnace tapping processes	5
Effect of coke reactivity on reduction behaviours and non-isothermal kinetics of sinter at 1173–1373 K	5
Effect of nitrogen content and magnesium-cerium treatment on inclusions in interstitial free steel	5
Formation mechanism of large-sized CaO-SiO2-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO composite inclusions in super 304H stainless steel rods	5
Effect of impellers on particle mixing behaviour in KR desulphurization process	4
Mathematical modelling of the liquid/liquid mass transfer behaviour in gas stirred ladles	4
A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle	4
Analysing the HIsmelt process for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite	4
Effect of boron and cerium additions on microstructures and mechanical properties in simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Al-killed high-strength steel	4
CFD modelling of steel desulfurisation in a gas-stirred ladle	4
Recognition of sticker breakout in mould thermograph based on template matching	4
Production of low phosphorous steel from low silicon high phosphorous hot metal in BOF	4
Thermo-mechanical behaviour analysis of slab corner during special steel continuous casting	4
Slopping index for LD converters based on sound and image data fusion by fuzzy Kalman filter	4
Microsegregation and solidification characteristics of an advanced high strength steel – part II: experimental validation	4
Study on the effect of Al 2 O 3 on the crystallization behaviour of MnO–SiO 2 –MgO inclusions i	4
Effect of the inclusion features on mechanical properties of steel	4
Acoustic emission monitoring to optimize the end-of-cast in blast furnaces	4
Correction	4
A visual slag peeling detection method in blast furnace	4
Control of macrosegregation at the steel gradient transition by submerged entry nozzle and mold electromagnetic stirring	4
Effect of initial aluminium-oxygen concentration product on alumina-based inclusions in high carbon Al-killed steels during the ladle refining process	4
Microstructure and flow behaviour of a quenching and partitioning steel at elevated temperatures	4
Evolution behaviour and modification mechanism of inclusions in NM500 wear-resistant steel with calcium treatment	4
Effect of Zr addition on toughness in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-titanium low-alloy steels	4
Research on deformation resistance of strip steel and rolling force prediction during cold rolling based on the hot rolling parameters	4
Study on the influence of unsteady casting on the flow characteristics and behavior of liquid steel in tundish	4
Composition optimization and high-temperature characteristics of fluorine-free CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-B 2 O 3	4
Hot deformation behaviour of microstructural evolution in 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel during high-temperature straining	4
Thermo-mechanical analysis of the flange in a Billet continuous casting machine based on limited temperature measurements	4
Characteristics of flight trajectory and heat transfer of liquid steelmaking slag droplet during air quenching granulation process	4
Dual effect of MgO on softing–melting performance of high gangue sinter: changes of slag viscosity and phase composition	4
A theoretical approach to evaluate the effect of hydrocarbon and CO2 injection on blast furnace raceway: step towards reduction of CO2 emission	4
Establishment and test of ‘dynamic relative area’ models for hot-metal dephosphorization and rephosphorization	4
Development of high impact toughness offshore engineering steel by yttrium-based rare earth addition	4
Research and application of the sintering whole process intelligent manufacturing system	4
Detailed deformation behaviour analysis of DP steels at warm forming temperatures via warm tensile tests	4
Thermodynamic analysis of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) formation inside the HIsarna off-gas system	4
Efficient utilisation of waste steel slag in slag-making process of all-scrap electric arc furnaces	3
Effect of rare earth element on H13 microscopic structure and mechanical properties	3
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on the viscosity of blast furnace slag	3
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of ferrite structure on the mechanical characteristics of pearlite	3
Predicting viscosity for steelmaking slag: A stacking regression approach	3
Effect of current intensity on molten pool and solidification in vacuum arc remelting process of Ti60 alloy	3
Construction of intelligent coal blending system based on BP neural network and genetic algorithm	3
Molecular dynamics analysis of the microstructural behavior of fluoride ions in CaO–SiO2-based and CaO–Al2O3-based slag systems	3
Study on coke properties in deadman of blast furnace	3
Effect of process parameters on the static recrystallisation and precipitation behaviours of V–Ti–N microalloyed steel	3
Effects of sulphur content and cooling rate on the precipitation characteristics of MnS in high-sulphur peritectic steel	3
Research on strip surface defect detection based on improved YOLOv5 algorithm	3
Microstructure and mechanical properties of multiaxially forged Fe–30Mn–9Al–0.8C and Fe–20Mn–10Al–1C low-density steels	3
Impact of bottom-blowing parameters on melt pool homogenization in a 120-ton converter based on carbon-oxygen reaction	3
Partial differential equation modelling of the solid–liquid phase process in iron sintering and interface control with backstepping method	3
Online mechanical property prediction and automatic product release for hot rolled steel strip products using artificial neural network models	3
Thermodynamic modelling of liquid steel tapping process to predict carryover slag amount	3

Thermodynamic investigation of biomass-steam gasification in converter vaporisation flue for synthesis gas production	3
Numerical simulation of industrial scale RH degasser under different operational parameters	3
Thermodynamic model and mechanism of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 bearing steel	3
Effect of depressions on the three-dimensional propagation of longitudinal surface crack in continuous casting strands of hypo-peritectic steel	3
Improving compositional homogeneity of CF53 steel products by modifying their solidification structure and F-EMS intensity	3
Numerical investigation on effect of electromagnetic stirring on macrosegregation in continuously cast round bloom via three-phase solidification model	3
Investigation on the deformation mechanism of alkali metal on inclusions in cord steel containing different aluminium content	3
Slim-YOLOv8: A fast and accurate algorithm for surface defect detection of steel strips	3
Application of crystallization additivity principle in continuous casting mould flux	3
Exploring pyrolysis and reduction behaviour of high-sulphur petroleum coke for disposal of Zn-containing dust	3
Measurement of initial crystallization temperature of mold flux based on alternate current conductivity method	3
Reduction characteristics of cold-agglomerated pellets in blast furnace conditions	3
Two-dimensional spectroscopic analysis of sulphur group and pyrite transformations in coal coking	3
Statement of Retraction	3
Solidification structure and hardenability optimization of 20CrMnTiH gear steel considering dendrite sedimentation	3
Improvement of carbon segregation in billet by final-EMS, based on segmented continuous casting model	3
Study on the effect of Al-La composite deoxidation on the modification behaviors of TiN and sulfide inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel	3
Intervention mechanism of carbide precipitation during tempering and its impact on residual stress and mechanical properties of wear-resistant steels	3
Viscosity and electrical conductivity of CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Ce2O3electroslag remelting slag	3
Blast furnace hearth erosion modelling based on the dataset approach	3
Effect of lanthanum on inclusions and solidification structure of alloy 800H	3
Digital twin-based methodology for schedule execution in hot strip rolling	3
Wettability of molten CaO-Al2O3-MgO slag on some refractory materials at 1773K	3
Analysis of true and false sticker breakouts’ characteristics based on mould thermal image	3
Evaluation of motion behaviour of inclusions at the moulten steel–slag interface based on a modified model	3
Survey on the electric arc furnace and ladle furnace electric system	2
The calibration of the MMC damage model under various hardening models and yielding criterions for DP800 steel	2
Catalytic effect and kinetic mechanism of alkali metal carbonates on the reduction reaction of biochar with iron oxide	2
Effect of zircon addition on the sintering of chromite-based ladle filler sands	2
Influence of the heat treatment on the quantitative features of the fracture surfaces and the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel sheets	2
Effect of slag basicity and reduction time on carbothermal reduction behaviour of P-bearing steelmaking slag	2
Numerical analysis of uneven coating near steel strip edges in continuous hot-dip galvanizing	2
Effect of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires	2
Fluid flow, solidification and solute transport in billet continuous casting with different stirrer positions	2
Optimization of roller teeth based on the analysis of the crushing mechanism of sintered ore	2
Desulphurisation behaviour of blast furnace slag with high Al2O3 content at 1823 K	2
Burden matrix control based on gas flow characteristics of blast furnace	2
Preparation of coke from biomass char modified by vapour deposition of tar generated during pyrolysis of woody biomass	2
Analysis of macrosegregation during slab continuous casting using 3D-longitudinal 2D hybrid model	2
Effect of impurities on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon steel	2
Study on the control of macro/semi-macro segregation in unevenly solidified slabs through optimizing soft reduction process	2
Attenuation of sound signals in foams for the basic oxygen furnace using physical modelling techniques	2
Effect of direct alloying of manganese ore–cored wires on the composition and quality of molten steel	2
Comments on oxide inclusion formation/removal in the ESR process	2
Experimental study on parameters optimisation of adding vanadium-titanium magnetite to iron ore pellet	2
A new method for evaluating the melting performance of the slag	2
Effect of CO–CO2 and H2–H2O on the reduction degree of fluxed pellets: reduction mechanism within hydrogen-rich blast furnace	2
Continuous cooling transformation behaviour of 30CrMo steel simulated by CSP process	2
Forecasts of thermal coal prices through Gaussian process regressions	2
Analysis of flow and heat transfer characteristics of blast furnace heating gas	2
Indices to monitor the root cause of circumferential imbalance in blast furnace	2
Dephosphorisation behaviour of BOF crude steel using CaO-based flux	2
Effect of retained austenite on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled medium-manganese Q&P steel	2
Continuous measurement of ferrous sinter size distributions using an optical sensor system	2
A preliminary exploration on improving the solidification quality of electroslag ingot based on laboratory scale experiment	2
One-step quenching and partitioning treatment of directly hot rolled low carbon steel	2
The simulation of mould metallurgical behaviour under electromagnetic stirring for vertical large bloom	2
Influence of different central nozzle diameters and powder injection rates on carbon powder mixed injection with shrouding supersonic oxygen jet (CMISSO) lance	2
Optimization of high alumina slag practice in blast furnace ironmaking: an industrial approach. Part 2: Data-driven aspects	2
A comprehensive study to increase sinter productivity using vertical permeability bars	2
Prediction and optimisation of solidification structure growth and transformation behaviour in microalloy chamfered continuous casting slab	2
The effect of N addition on the micro-structure and corrosion resistance of modified 6Mo super austenitic stainless steels during isothermal aging treatment	2
Simulation and application of post-combustion oxygen lance in a top-blown converter	2
Interaction of various factors in controlled cooling process and its influence on stress and strain of steel plate	2
The effects of laser-assisted heat treatment on warm formability of dual-phase materials	2
A novel method for online bulk density measurement in stamped charging machine using force sensors	2
Stacking ensemble learning fused with whale optimisation algorithm based method for crown prediction of hot-rolled strip	2
The behaviour of Cu in copper removal from carbon saturated molten iron by FeS-based decopperization agents	2
Prediction of nitrogen behaviour in the AOD process by a time-dependent thermodynamic model	2
A thermodynamic model of the titanium distribution behaviour between slag and molten steel during LF refining process: description and application	2
Kinetic model of dephosphorization in the new double slag converter steelmaking process	2
Investigate the oxidation induration mechanism of manganese-bearing magnetite concentrate pellets	2
Consolidation and reduction behaviour of pellets with sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite: a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic properties	2
Investigation of the effects of lubrication type, blankholder force and force holding time on the spring-back behaviour for hat-shaped MART steels	2
Role of vanadium content in hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel	2
Effect of partitioning temperature on the microstructure and evolution of medium manganese steel	2
Revealing the morphology evolution and distribution of manganese sulphide in the 38MnS6 steel during continuous casting	2
Impact of cerium on microstructure of rust and corrosion resistance of Cu-Cr-Ni-V micro-alloyed steels in NaHSO3 acid accelerated test	1
Calculation of production balances and costs in ladle furnace refining process with addition of scrap steel	1
Analysis of properties and microstructure of ASTM 5% Ni steel used for cryogenic pressure vessel	1
Carryover slag weight prediction under converter tapping process by applying attention-shifting infrared thermal mapping technique	1
Research on TiN inclusion modification in 20CrMnTi gear steel by rare earth Ce during Si-Ca-Ba-Ce composite deoxidation	1
Erosion mechanism of harmful elements K and Zn on carbon brick in a 4000 m3 industrial blast furnace hearth	1
Cosegregation of metal and nonmetal atoms in FeCrAl alloys under ultrafast cooling state	1
Mechanics of surface deformations in rigid bodies	1
Simulation study of irrigation system in the cross-pipe primary cooler of coke oven gas purification	1
Prediction of slab surface longitudinal crack based on resampling and the Bayesian optimisation of LightGBM	1
Coupled CFD-FEM modeling of fluid–thermal–structural interaction in a single-strand tundish	1
Real-time detection of coke particles in blast furnace operations using machine learning: Case of a steel plant in India	1
Reduction behaviour of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD)-bituminous coal composite pellet in tube furnace	1
Nb–Ti composite precipitation behaviour and its effect on the growth of austenite grains in peritectic steel	1
Detoxification and synergistic recovery of Cr and V from stainless steel slag and stone coal by self-smelting reduction	1
Kinetic analysis on reduction process of copper slag with and without CaO	1
Quality prediction and process parameter importance analysis of cord steel during continuous casting	1
A multi-task learning prediction model for the endpoint of converter steelmaking based on genetic algorithm optimised	1