Ironmaking & Steelmaking

Article	Citations
Effect of recycling ladle furnace slag as flux on steel desulphurization during secondary steel making	156
Effect of P 2 O 5 on the viscous flow and crystallisation behaviour of slag in the double slag con	142
A comparative study on environmentally friendly ironmaking process through air to oxygen	95
Reutilisation of spent SCR catalyst powder in the direct reduction process	69
Investigating kissing point location and solidification front in twin roll casting of steel through finite-element-based thermo-fluid models	64
Refining behaviour of vacuum oxygen decarburisation process	23
Mathematical modelling of sinter quality and analysis of variables in a sinter plant	23
Mechanism of surface rust defects on tinplate strip steel during storage and transportation	22
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model	21
Precipitate behaviour of large-sized Nb(C, N) in micro-alloyed steel	21
Effect of cooling conditions on the size evolution of typical inclusions in the Al-Ti deoxidised steel	20
Optimization of VD/VOD multi-stage serial steam ejectors based on CFD	16
Hydraulic and numerical simulation of flow field characteristics in induction heating continuous casting tundish	16
Composition optimization and high-temperature characteristics of fluorine-free CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-B 2	15
A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel	15
Understanding casting behaviour of low carbon high manganese steel through detailed characterization of mould powder and mould top slag	15
Two-dimensional spectroscopic analysis of sulphur group and pyrite transformations in coal coking	15
Coke reactivity index: application of robust machine learning algorithms for prediction capabilities	15
Effect of depressions on the three-dimensional propagation of longitudinal surface crack in continuous casting strands of hypo-peritectic steel	14
Slim-YOLOv8: A fast and accurate algorithm for surface defect detection of steel strips	14
Research on shrinkage defects of an 18-ton steel ingot with a large height-to-diameter ratio prepared under vacuum conditions	13
Analysis of the cracking causes of battery steel shell	13
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on the viscosity of blast furnace slag	12
Reduction characteristics of cold-agglomerated pellets in blast furnace conditions	12
Role of vanadium content in hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel	12

Molecular dynamics study on the effect of ferrite structure on the mechanical characteristics of pearlite	12
Study on the effect of Al 2 O 3 on the crystallization behaviour of MnO–SiO	12
Sustainability study of carbothermic reduction of mill scale briquettes as alternative burden to induction furnace-based steel melting	12
Melting and sintering characteristics of carbon-free mold fluxes	11
Analysing the HIsmelt process for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite	11
Research on shear-thinning and surface properties of CaO–SiO 2 –CaF 2 –Al	11
Investigation of the effects of lubrication type, blankholder force and force holding time on the spring-back behaviour for hat-shaped MART steels	11
A preliminary exploration on improving the solidification quality of electroslag ingot based on laboratory scale experiment	11
Mathematical model of molten iron and slag flow in the hearth	11
Recognition of sticker breakout in mould thermograph based on template matching	11
Consolidation and reduction behaviour of pellets with sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite: a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic properties	11
Plate mill metallurgical quality improvement and process control using off-line simulation and digitalization	10
The mechanism and kinetics of zinc ferrite formation in steelmaking processes—A review	10
Vanadium extraction from vanadinite and high carbon v-bearing stone coal by coupling reduction smelting and oxalic acid hydrothermal leaching	10
Effect of crystallisation state on deformation behaviour of different-size inclusions during hot rolling process	10
Numerical simulation of flow field in continuous casting slab mould under EMS conditions assisted with high-temperature quantitative velocity measurement	10
Effect of Al 2 O 3 on the dissolution behaviour of lime in CaO–SiO 2	10
Kinetic analysis on reduction process of copper slag with and without CaO	10
Simulation study of irrigation system in the cross-pipe primary cooler of coke oven gas purification	10
Evaluation of longitudinal cracks in thin slab using coupled fluid flow and thermo-mechanical numerical modelling approach	10
Process modelling for the production of hydrogen-based direct reduced iron in shaft furnaces using different ore grades	10
Study on the vision transformer numerical regression based prediction model of the outlet induction heating set temperature for a hot-dip galvanised steel strip	9
Experimental study on co-disposal of multisource metallurgical dusts	9
Solid carbonaceous materials transformation during pulverised coal and natural gas co-injection	9
Optimisation of an oxygen supply prediction model based on the K-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm using the Pearson correlation coefficient	9
Prediction of transverse thickness difference in medium- and high-carbon steels based on transformer and optimisation of rolling schedules	9
Process parameter optimization for spring back in steel grade sheet materials under V-bending using FEM and ANN approach	9
Statement of Retraction: The effect of laminar cooling heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field of steel plate	9
Editorial	9
Research on slag layer identification in soft blowing of ladle based on image processing technology and numerical simulation	9
Effect of TiO 2 on melting and crystallisation properties of CaF 2 (50%)-CaO-Al	9
Long-time strain aging responses of commercial dual-phase steels at room temperature	9
Cleansing the molten steel due to the dispersed in situ phase induced by the composite sphere explosion reaction II. Inclusion removal	8
Effect of MgO on solidification crystallisation behaviour of high SiO 2 content MnO–SiO 2 –Al	8
Effect of ladle slag composition on the cleanliness of Al-Ti deoxidized interstitial-free steel	8
Effect of municipal sludge addition on the sinter process and sinter quality	8
Regional steel price index predictions for the southwest Chinese market through machine learning	8
Numerical simulation on coking process of coke oven with external flue gas recirculation	8
Study on heat storage characteristics and carbon optimisation in the sintering process	8
High-temperature oxidation behavior and subsurface phase transformation of high-Mn high-Al steel	8
Influence of preheating lump ore on blast furnace smelting energy saving and consumption reduction	8
Correction	7
A critical review of the role of Mould current in the remelting processes	7
Mechanistic study on the utilisation and mineral formation of incineration fly ash in sintering	7
Intelligent roll contour optimisation method based on SVR surrogate model and big data	7
Influence mechanism of different reactive Iron Carbon Agglomerates on softening–melting–dropping properties of BF mixed burdens	7
Scrap dissolution effect in BOF converter process	7
Effect of CaF 2 and CaO/Al 2 O 3 ratio on evapo	7
Thermodynamic modelling of steelmaking slag to reduce refractory consumption during CONARC ® process	7
Optimisation of influencing factors for iron recovery rate in melting reduction ironmaking using response surface methodology	7

DT-MNLR: a novel hybrid machine learning framework for precise coke strength and reactivity prediction	7
Optimisation of final electromagnetic stirring installation position in 800 mm round bloom based on liquid core radius ratio and feeding ability	7
Predictive method for caking property of blended weakly caking or non-caking coal based on coal petrography and structural detection	7
Study on asymmetry and temperature difference between different strands in 7-outlets tundish	7
Formation and control of longitudinal cracks in hypoperitectic steel slabs	7
Dynamic prediction of flue gas information driven by converter mouth flame spectral information	7
Reverse aging of pearlitic carbon steel wire rod	7
Influence of various counter-bodies on the sliding friction and wear response of M50 steel	7
A second decomposition-based CNN-LSTM model for predicting sintered ore alkalinity	7
Effect of grain-size distribution on elevated temperature tensile behaviour of a Cr–Mn–N austenitic stainless steel	7
Prediction of Ms temperature based on alloying composition parameter assisted by machine learning	7
Process optimisation of alternating final electromagnetic stirring in the continuous casting of large-size round blooms	6
Edge drop prediction of hot-rolled silicon steel based on a mechanism and data model	6
Effect of water vapour on the interface reaction between carbon brick and molten iron in blast furnace hearth	6
Response analysis of a continuously-cast billet under the impact vibration of the solidification end	6
Prediction model for hot rolling force in electrical steel involving phase transformation using SSA-LSTM network and mathematical model	6
Sticker breakout recognition based on temperature characteristics and stacking multi-classifier model	6
Strip tracking control using novel insights into the differential rolling process	6
Vacuum degassing impact on non-metallic inclusions during clean steelmaking	6
Studies on characterization of properties of low-grade hematite iron ores and their fired pellets	6
Effect of nitrogen-containing alloy and N 2 injection on nitrogen absorption and cleanliness of molten steel in RH vacuum	6
Flow field characteristics of high-pressure and wide-coverage water spray during secondary cooling of continuous casting	6
Temperature-dependent permeability of sinter and pellets under hydrogen-rich conditions for lumpy zone in the blast furnace	6
Investigation on hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of superaustenitic stainless steel S31254 during elevated temperature compression testing	6
Evolution mechanism of Ca-containing inclusions in 20Mn23AlV high-manganese non-magnetic steel during the refining process	6
Hot metal quality improvement in TATA steel: A decade long journey	6
Structural optimisation of three-strand asymmetric tundish for super large round bloom continuous casting	6
Reverse aging of steel wire rods: The influence of microstructure	6
Thermo-mechanical behaviour analysis of slab corner during special steel continuous casting	5
Effect of Cu on the texture evolution and mechanical properties of interstitial-free steels	5
Statistical analysis and prediction of Al 2 O 3 –SiC–C based blast furnace trough refractory wear	5
Comprehensive prediction and grade evaluation of sinter chemical composition by maximise sintering process information	5
Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel	5
Comparative analysis of absorbents in the chemical absorption method for CO 2 capture in converter gas	5
Deep ensemble decision network for predicting quality of converter steelmaking with small variance	5
Directionally solidified structure of peritectic steel	5
Prediction model of BOF end-point phosphorus content and sulfur content based on LWOA-TSVR	5
A visual slag peeling detection method in blast furnace	5
Effect of process parameters on characteristic distribution of droplets generated by internal mixing air-mist nozzle	5
Control of macrosegregation at the steel gradient transition by submerged entry nozzle and mold electromagnetic stirring	5
Wettability of molten CaO-Al 2 O 3 -MgO slag on some refractory materials at 1773K	5
Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel	5
Hydrogen process metallurgy: From ways of managing iron-bearing waste to hydrogen technology for steel smelting	5
Development of molten steel end-point temperature prediction model in electric arc furnace steelmaking process using data mining methods	5
Iron temperature regulation method based on process optimisation and fuzzy control	5
Numerical simulation of the hydrogen direct reduction of hematite pellets based on three-step random pore model	5
A size-dependent closure criterion for slab corner defects during vertical rolling process based on mathematical method	5
A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle	5
Investigation on multiphase flow behaviour and formation of slag eyes in a five-strand billet continuous casting tundish	5
The calibration of the MMC damage model under various hardening models and yielding criterions for DP800 steel	5
Study on the effect of Al-La composite deoxidation on the modification behaviors of TiN and sulfide inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel	5
Machine learning-based process parameter optimisation and strip plate shape improvement in steel production	5
Soft sensor model for endpoint carbon content and temperature in BOF steelmaking based on just-in-time learning with multilayer structure preservation and sparse information enhancement	5
Effect of arc parameters on metal transfer in consumable electrode melting during the VAR process by numerical investigation	5
Interaction between alternating current arcs and Titanium slag pools and its effect on flow and heat transfer	5
Effect of CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –MgO(–CaF	5
An unresolved CFD-DEM method for studying migration and clogging of fine particles through a packed bed	5
Component optimization of sintering raw material based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and response surface method	4
Optimisation study of roll profile for controlling high-order wave defects in an ultra-wide rolling mill	4
Modelling the influence of scrap size on charge-to-melt time and metallic loss in EAFs	4
Application of the Fuller–Thompson equation in sinter blend design to increase sinter productivity	4
Effect of high hot blast temperature on low-carbon ironmaking in large blast furnaces	4
Crystallisation behaviour and enhanced separation of RE-phase in RE-bearing blast furnace slag	4
Effect of boron and cerium additions on microstructures and mechanical properties in simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Al-killed high-strength steel	4
Molecular dynamics analysis of the microstructural behavior of fluoride ions in CaO–SiO 2 -based and CaO–Al 2	4
Heat balance study in a walking hearth reheat furnace	4
Analysis of true and false sticker breakouts’ characteristics based on mould thermal image	4
Efficiency of co-injection of pulverised coal and natural gas in blast furnace production conditions with variable fuel and raw material	4
Thermal deformation model and grain refinement mechanism in δ-ferrite-based lightweight steel	4
Calculation of production balances and costs in ladle furnace refining process with addition of scrap steel	4
Interface reaction between carbon composite brick and blast furnace slag	4
Effect of intercritical heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low alloy structural steels with residual element tin	4
Investigating the sensitivity of dual-phase steel microstructure to continuous annealing line parameters	4
Microstructure and mechanical properties of multiaxially forged Fe–30Mn–9Al–0.8C and Fe–20Mn–10Al–1C low-density steels	4
Effects of sulphur content and cooling rate on the precipitation characteristics of MnS in high-sulphur peritectic steel	4
Evaluation of motion behaviour of inclusions at the moulten steel–slag interface based on a modified model	4
Utilization of micro-fines in sinter making and its implications on bed permeability and sinter quality	4
Investigation on the control of rare earth content and surface quality of ingot during electroslag remelting process	4
Effect of polarisation on surface longitudinal cracks of hypo-peritectic steel in non-sinusoidal oscillation	4
Numerical study on coherent jet characteristics with bunch-type nozzle structure at various shrouding gas parameters	4

Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties	4
The effect of N addition on the micro-structure and corrosion resistance of modified 6Mo super austenitic stainless steels during isothermal aging treatment	4
Application and assessment of aluminium deoxidation equilibria in liquid steel using various formalisms based on some statistical thermodynamic models	4
Experimental study on parameters optimisation of adding vanadium-titanium magnetite to iron ore pellet	4
The effects of laser-assisted heat treatment on warm formability of dual-phase materials	4
Effect of La content on sulfur-containing inclusions, microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance of sulfur-containing peritectic steel	4
Optimisation of the quartic CVC roll contour for an 1800 mm hot rolling mill	3
Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in high Mn–high Al steel during heat treatment	3
Microstructure analysis and mineral phase transformation of coke in blast furnace	3
Prediction interval estimation of sinter drum index based on light gradient boosting machine and kernel density estimation	3
Effect of hot rolling reduction process on macro-inclusion in high silicon steel plates: A numerical study	3
Interval prediction and control of front-end bending in hot rolling	3
Prediction of the ribbon length to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining powder containing CaF 2 using inclined plane test and advanced mathemati	3
Grain boundary segregation of B and microstructure evolution in a hot-drawn Fe–B alloy	3
Ionic analysis of the effect of temperature on dephosphorization capacity of silicate slags	3
Study on the synergistic effect of electromagnetic stirring and mechanical reduction on the improvement of the internal homogeneity of high-carbon steel billet	3
Analysis and optimisation on the energy consumption of electric arc furnace steelmaking	3
Effect of Al 2 O 3 on viscosity and structure of CaO–SiO 2	3
Failure analysis of drop-dregs defect in the bulging and breaking connecting rod of 36MnVS4 non-quenched and tempered steel	3
Sintered ore basicity prediction research based on regularised self-organising GRU	3
Structural causal relationship and residual adversarial transfer network in small sample data	3
Casting parameters and propagation behaviour of sticker breakout for the conventional slab	3
Validated kinetic modelling of ladle furnace process for predicting inclusions in API steel grade	3
Laser ranging-based deformation monitoring of coke oven buckstays	3
Influence of initial swirling flow position on flow field in continuous casting round billet mould	3
Research on accurate prediction of composition in VD refining based on mathematical modelling	3
An effective control method for silicon content in hot metal: Model predictive control (MPC) based on CNN–LSTM–Attention algorithm	3
Statement of Retraction	3
Effect of isothermal cooling on solidification behaviour of peritectic steel under in situ observation	3
Role of self-disintegrating effect produced by decomposition of limestone core on accelerating dissolution of lime in CaO–SiO 2 –FeO	3
Effect of strip profile of hot-rolled silicon steel on transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip	3
Presetting control of bending force in cold-strip rolling process based on the SSA-BP prediction model	3
Evaluation of the minimum distance of the hole position in the V-die bending process	3
Electrochemical study on equilibrium mechanisms of the Al–O with different Al contents in liquid iron	3
Development of novel compound binders incorporated in cold-bonded briquettes for carbon neutral and economical blast furnace iron production	3
Numerical investigation of incremental forming process of AISI 304 stainless steel	3
Temperature prediction model for ladle furnace based on mathematical mechanisms and the GA–BP algorithm	3
Evaluation of the sulphide capacity of Na 2 O-containing silicate slags using a structural model	3
SteelSim 2025 Special Issue	3
Research on the influence of mould water channel parameters on surface longitudinal crack of Φ 400 mm P91 continuous casting round bloom	3
Coke dry quenching and implications on coke quality and blast furnace performance	3
Factors influencing reactivity of quicklime from zero-emission electrified calcination processes	3
In-situ study of microstructures and sulphides and machinability of Bi-bearing free-cutting steels	3
Evolution mechanism of inclusions during refining and continuous casting process of 321H stainless steel	3
Effect of submerged entry port structure on fluid flow, solidification and inclusions motion in Ф800 mm large section round billets continuous casting	3