Ironmaking & Steelmaking

Article	Citations
Coke reactivity index: application of robust machine learning algorithms for prediction capabilities	134
Understanding casting behaviour of low carbon high manganese steel through detailed characterization of mould powder and mould top slag	110
Optimization of VD/VOD multi-stage serial steam ejectors based on CFD	87
Mechanism of surface rust defects on tinplate strip steel during storage and transportation	54
Hydraulic and numerical simulation of flow field characteristics in induction heating continuous casting tundish	45
Effect of cooling conditions on the size evolution of typical inclusions in the Al-Ti deoxidised steel	19
Precipitate behaviour of large-sized Nb(C, N) in micro-alloyed steel	19
Effect of P2O5 on the viscous flow and crystallisation behaviour of slag in the double slag converter steelmaking process	18
Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model	18
Effect of recycling ladle furnace slag as flux on steel desulphurization during secondary steel making	16
Investigating kissing point location and solidification front in twin roll casting of steel through finite-element-based thermo-fluid models	15
Mathematical modelling of sinter quality and analysis of variables in a sinter plant	15
A comparative study on environmentally friendly ironmaking process through air to oxygen	15
Reutilisation of spent SCR catalyst powder in the direct reduction process	15
A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel	14
Study on oxygen blowing optimisation of reducing (FeO) content in slag in EAF steelmaking process with high ratio of hot metal to scrap	13
Composition optimization and high-temperature characteristics of fluorine-free CaO-SiO 2 -FeO-B 2 O 3	13
Slim-YOLOv8: A fast and accurate algorithm for surface defect detection of steel strips	13
Analysing the HIsmelt process for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite	13
Recognition of sticker breakout in mould thermograph based on template matching	12
A preliminary exploration on improving the solidification quality of electroslag ingot based on laboratory scale experiment	11
Influence of unburned pulverized coal on the viscosity of blast furnace slag	11
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of ferrite structure on the mechanical characteristics of pearlite	11
Effect of depressions on the three-dimensional propagation of longitudinal surface crack in continuous casting strands of hypo-peritectic steel	11
Sustainability study of carbothermic reduction of mill scale briquettes as alternative burden to induction furnace-based steel melting	10

Influence of different central nozzle diameters and powder injection rates on carbon powder mixed injection with shrouding supersonic oxygen jet (CMISSO) lance	10
Kinetic analysis on reduction process of copper slag with and without CaO	10
Research on shear-thinning and surface properties of CaO–SiO2–CaF2–Al2O3-based mould flux	10
Role of vanadium content in hydrogen diffusion behavior in X80 pipeline steel	10
Two-dimensional spectroscopic analysis of sulphur group and pyrite transformations in coal coking	10
Consolidation and reduction behaviour of pellets with sea sand vanadium titanomagnetite: a microscopic interpretation of macroscopic properties	10
Vanadium extraction from vanadinite and high carbon v-bearing stone coal by coupling reduction smelting and oxalic acid hydrothermal leaching	10
Reduction characteristics of cold-agglomerated pellets in blast furnace conditions	10
Analysis of the cracking causes of battery steel shell	10
Study on the effect of Al 2 O 3 on the crystallization behaviour of MnO–SiO 2 –MgO inclusions i	10
Mathematical model of molten iron and slag flow in the hearth	10
Evaluation of longitudinal cracks in thin slab using coupled fluid flow and thermo-mechanical numerical modelling approach	10
Plate mill metallurgical quality improvement and process control using off-line simulation and digitalization	9
Effect of crystallisation state on deformation behaviour of different-size inclusions during hot rolling process	9
Study on the vision transformer numerical regression based prediction model of the outlet induction heating set temperature for a hot-dip galvanised steel strip	9
Statement of Retraction: The effect of laminar cooling heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field of steel plate	9
Dynamic recrystallisation and constitutive equation in hot deformed AISI H10 tool steel	9
Operational application of numerical modelling for evaluation of hearth condition over a blast furnace campaign: Whyalla No. 2 Blast Furnace 4th campaign	9
Editorial	9
Cleansing the molten steel due to the dispersed in situ phase induced by the composite sphere explosion reaction II. Inclusion removal	9
Simulation study of irrigation system in the cross-pipe primary cooler of coke oven gas purification	9
Investigation of the effects of lubrication type, blankholder force and force holding time on the spring-back behaviour for hat-shaped MART steels	9
Process modelling for the production of hydrogen-based direct reduced iron in shaft furnaces using different ore grades	9
Solid carbonaceous materials transformation during pulverised coal and natural gas co-injection	9
Numerical simulation of flow field in continuous casting slab mould under EMS conditions assisted with high-temperature quantitative velocity measurement	9
Experimental study on co-disposal of multisource metallurgical dusts	8
Effect of municipal sludge addition on the sinter process and sinter quality	8
Influence of preheating lump ore on blast furnace smelting energy saving and consumption reduction	8
Effect of MgO on solidification crystallisation behaviour of high SiO2 content MnO–SiO2–Al2O3-based inclusions in Si–Mn-killed steel	8
Optimisation of an oxygen supply prediction model based on the K-nearest neighbours (KNN) algorithm using the Pearson correlation coefficient	8
Long-time strain aging responses of commercial dual-phase steels at room temperature	8
Effect of TiO 2 on melting and crystallisation properties of CaF 2 (50%)-CaO-Al 2 O	8
Study on heat storage characteristics and carbon optimisation in the sintering process	8
Research on slag layer identification in soft blowing of ladle based on image processing technology and numerical simulation	8
Process parameter optimization for spring back in steel grade sheet materials under V-bending using FEM and ANN approach	8
Effect of CaF2 and CaO/Al2O3 ratio on evaporation and melting characteristics of low-fluoride CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2 slag	7
Hot metal quality improvement in TATA steel: A decade long journey	7
DT-MNLR: a novel hybrid machine learning framework for precise coke strength and reactivity prediction	7
Dynamic prediction of flue gas information driven by converter mouth flame spectral information	7
Reverse aging of pearlitic carbon steel wire rod	7
The effect of TiN precipitated particles on the austenite grain and hardenability of 20CrMnTi gear steel	7
Influence of various counter-bodies on the sliding friction and wear response of M50 steel	7
Formation and control of longitudinal cracks in hypoperitectic steel slabs	7
Investigation on hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of superaustenitic stainless steel S31254 during elevated temperature compression testing	7
Effect of ladle slag composition on the cleanliness of Al-Ti deoxidized interstitial-free steel	7
Correction	7
Regional steel price index predictions for the southwest Chinese market through machine learning	7
A critical review of the role of Mould current in the remelting processes	7
Numerical simulation on coking process of coke oven with external flue gas recirculation	7
Sticker breakout recognition based on temperature characteristics and stacking multi-classifier model	7

Mechanistic study on the utilisation and mineral formation of incineration fly ash in sintering	7
High-temperature oxidation behavior and subsurface phase transformation of high-Mn high-Al steel	7
Thermodynamic modelling of steelmaking slag to reduce refractory consumption during CONARC ® process	7
Optimisation of influencing factors for iron recovery rate in melting reduction ironmaking using response surface methodology	7
Structural optimisation of three-strand asymmetric tundish for super large round bloom continuous casting	6
Prediction model for hot rolling force in electrical steel involving phase transformation using SSA-LSTM network and mathematical model	6
Influence mechanism of different reactive Iron Carbon Agglomerates on softening–melting–dropping properties of BF mixed burdens	6
Research and development of a pilot continuous annealing and MgO coating line for grain-oriented silicon steel	6
Process optimisation of alternating final electromagnetic stirring in the continuous casting of large-size round blooms	6
Evolution mechanism of Ca-containing inclusions in 20Mn23AlV high-manganese non-magnetic steel during the refining process	6
Strip tracking control using novel insights into the differential rolling process	6
Research on hot deformation behaviour of as-cast W12Cr4V5Co5 steel	6
Effect of water vapour on the interface reaction between carbon brick and molten iron in blast furnace hearth	6
Effect of nitrogen-containing alloy and N 2 injection on nitrogen absorption and cleanliness of molten steel in RH vacuum	6
Response analysis of a continuously-cast billet under the impact vibration of the solidification end	6
Prediction of Ms temperature based on alloying composition parameter assisted by machine learning	6
Flow field characteristics of high-pressure and wide-coverage water spray during secondary cooling of continuous casting	6
Numerical simulation of the hydrogen direct reduction of hematite pellets based on three-step random pore model	6
Silicon in hot metal from a blast furnace, the role of FeO	6
Interaction between alternating current arcs and Titanium slag pools and its effect on flow and heat transfer	6
Vacuum degassing impact on non-metallic inclusions during clean steelmaking	6
Study on asymmetry and temperature difference between different strands in 7-outlets tundish	6
Edge drop prediction of hot-rolled silicon steel based on a mechanism and data model	6
Studies on characterization of properties of low-grade hematite iron ores and their fired pellets	6
Scrap dissolution effect in BOF converter process	6
Reverse aging of steel wire rods: The influence of microstructure	6
Directionally solidified structure of peritectic steel	6
A second decomposition-based CNN-LSTM model for predicting sintered ore alkalinity	6
Influence of auto-tempering on mechanical properties and microstructure of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel by discontinuous cooling process	6
Heat transfer behaviour of funnel mould copper plates with high casting speed during different water supply processes	6
An unresolved CFD-DEM method for studying migration and clogging of fine particles through a packed bed	5
Comparative analysis of absorbents in the chemical absorption method for CO 2 capture in converter gas	5
Soft sensor model for endpoint carbon content and temperature in BOF steelmaking based on just-in-time learning with multilayer structure preservation and sparse information enhancement	5
Machine learning-based process parameter optimisation and strip plate shape improvement in steel production	5
Spheroidizing annealing of thermomechanically hot-rolled steel rods: influence of the prior microstructure on the mechanical characteristic and phase transformations	5
Analysis of true and false sticker breakouts’ characteristics based on mould thermal image	5
Effects of sulphur content and cooling rate on the precipitation characteristics of MnS in high-sulphur peritectic steel	5
Thermo-mechanical behaviour analysis of slab corner during special steel continuous casting	5
A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle	5
A size-dependent closure criterion for slab corner defects during vertical rolling process based on mathematical method	5
Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel	5
Deep ensemble decision network for predicting quality of converter steelmaking with small variance	5
Iron temperature regulation method based on process optimisation and fuzzy control	5
Experimental study on parameters optimisation of adding vanadium-titanium magnetite to iron ore pellet	5
A visual slag peeling detection method in blast furnace	5
The effects of laser-assisted heat treatment on warm formability of dual-phase materials	5
Development of molten steel end-point temperature prediction model in electric arc furnace steelmaking process using data mining methods	5
Effect of CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –MgO(–CaF	5
Effect of arc parameters on metal transfer in consumable electrode melting during the VAR process by numerical investigation	5
Prediction model of BOF end-point phosphorus content and sulfur content based on LWOA-TSVR	5
Hydrogen process metallurgy: From ways of managing iron-bearing waste to hydrogen technology for steel smelting	5
The calibration of the MMC damage model under various hardening models and yielding criterions for DP800 steel	5
Evaluation of motion behaviour of inclusions at the moulten steel–slag interface based on a modified model	5
Control of macrosegregation at the steel gradient transition by submerged entry nozzle and mold electromagnetic stirring	5
Modelling the influence of scrap size on charge-to-melt time and metallic loss in EAFs	4
Component optimization of sintering raw material based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and response surface method	4
Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties	4
Crystallisation behaviour and enhanced separation of RE-phase in RE-bearing blast furnace slag	4
Effect of intercritical heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low alloy structural steels with residual element tin	4
Statistical analysis and prediction of Al 2 O 3 –SiC–C based blast furnace trough refractory wear	4
Study on the effect of Al-La composite deoxidation on the modification behaviors of TiN and sulfide inclusions in 20CrMnTi gear steel	4
Effect of high hot blast temperature on low-carbon ironmaking in large blast furnaces	4
Investigation on the control of rare earth content and surface quality of ingot during electroslag remelting process	4
Heat balance study in a walking hearth reheat furnace	4
Effect of Al 2 O 3 on viscosity and structure of CaO–SiO 2 –FeO t	4
Optimisation study of roll profile for controlling high-order wave defects in an ultra-wide rolling mill	4
Efficiency of co-injection of pulverised coal and natural gas in blast furnace production conditions with variable fuel and raw material	4
Investigating the sensitivity of dual-phase steel microstructure to continuous annealing line parameters	4
Effect of process parameters on characteristic distribution of droplets generated by internal mixing air-mist nozzle	4
Comprehensive prediction and grade evaluation of sinter chemical composition by maximise sintering process information	4
Molecular dynamics analysis of the microstructural behavior of fluoride ions in CaO–SiO2-based and CaO–Al2O3-based slag systems	4
Interface reaction between carbon composite brick and blast furnace slag	4
Utilization of micro-fines in sinter making and its implications on bed permeability and sinter quality	4
Thermal deformation model and grain refinement mechanism in δ-ferrite-based lightweight steel	4
The effect of N addition on the micro-structure and corrosion resistance of modified 6Mo super austenitic stainless steels during isothermal aging treatment	4
Application and assessment of aluminium deoxidation equilibria in liquid steel using various formalisms based on some statistical thermodynamic models	4
A thermodynamic model of the titanium distribution behaviour between slag and molten steel during LF refining process: description and application	4
Application of the Fuller–Thompson equation in sinter blend design to increase sinter productivity	4
Wettability of molten CaO-Al 2 O 3 -MgO slag on some refractory materials at 1773K	4
Microstructure and mechanical properties of multiaxially forged Fe–30Mn–9Al–0.8C and Fe–20Mn–10Al–1C low-density steels	4

Effect of boron and cerium additions on microstructures and mechanical properties in simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Al-killed high-strength steel	4
Calculation of production balances and costs in ladle furnace refining process with addition of scrap steel	4
Effect of La content on sulfur-containing inclusions, microstructure evolution and pitting corrosion resistance of sulfur-containing peritectic steel	4
Temperature prediction model for ladle furnace based on mathematical mechanisms and the GA–BP algorithm	3
Microstructure analysis and mineral phase transformation of coke in blast furnace	3
Evaluation of the minimum distance of the hole position in the V-die bending process	3
Interval prediction and control of front-end bending in hot rolling	3
Effect of isothermal cooling on solidification behaviour of peritectic steel under in situ observation	3
Research on accurate prediction of composition in VD refining based on mathematical modelling	3
Effect of strip profile of hot-rolled silicon steel on transverse thickness difference of cold-rolled strip	3
Prediction of the ribbon length to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining powder containing CaF2 using inclined plane test and advanced mathematical model	3
Validated kinetic modelling of ladle furnace process for predicting inclusions in API steel grade	3
Physical simulation of macroinstability behaviour of liquid level in oxygen coal combustion melting and separation furnace	3
SteelSim 2025 Special Issue	3
Effect of Zr on austenite grains growth behaviour of high strength Ti microalloyed low carbon steel	3
Formation mechanism of inspection defects in hundred-ton class 55NiCrMoV7 die steel forging	3
Effect of acidity coefficient on crystallization behaviour of modified blast furnace slag	3
Prediction interval estimation of sinter drum index based on light gradient boosting machine and kernel density estimation	3
Factors influencing reactivity of quicklime from zero-emission electrified calcination processes	3
Evolution mechanism of inclusions during refining and continuous casting process of 321H stainless steel	3
Failure analysis of drop-dregs defect in the bulging and breaking connecting rod of 36MnVS4 non-quenched and tempered steel	3
Numerical study on the effects of strands consistency on metallurgical transport behaviours of low-carbon steel in tundish–submerged entry nozzle–mould systems	3
Analysis and optimisation on the energy consumption of electric arc furnace steelmaking	3
Laser ranging-based deformation monitoring of coke oven buckstays	3
Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in high Mn–high Al steel during heat treatment	3
Numerical study on the influence of pellet proportion on burden distribution in blast furnace	3
Effect of hot rolling reduction process on macro-inclusion in high silicon steel plates: A numerical study	3
In-situ study of microstructures and sulphides and machinability of Bi-bearing free-cutting steels	3
Phase field simulation on the synergistic variation of solidification structure morphology and segregation for continuous casting process of high carbon steel billets	3
Serpentinised olivine used in tundish refractory working layer: A source of blowhole defect in steel billets	3
Metallurgical insight of premature failure of a Blast Furnace copper stave	3
Evaluation of the sulphide capacity of Na 2 O-containing silicate slags using a structural model	3
Research on the influence of mould water channel parameters on surface longitudinal crack of Φ 400 mm P91 continuous casting round bloom	3
Coke dry quenching and implications on coke quality and blast furnace performance	3
Grain boundary segregation of B and microstructure evolution in a hot-drawn Fe–B alloy	3
Electrochemical study on equilibrium mechanisms of the Al–O with different Al contents in liquid iron	3
Ironmaking process under artificial intelligence technology: A review	3
Study on the synergistic effect of electromagnetic stirring and mechanical reduction on the improvement of the internal homogeneity of high-carbon steel billet	3
Study on the reaction mechanism of multi-source metallurgical dust for zinc extraction and iron enrichment	3
Presetting control of bending force in cold-strip rolling process based on the SSA-BP prediction model	3
Numerical investigation of incremental forming process of AISI 304 stainless steel	3
Ionic analysis of the effect of temperature on dephosphorization capacity of silicate slags	3
Role of self-disintegrating effect produced by decomposition of limestone core on accelerating dissolution of lime in CaO–SiO 2 –FeO x	3
Statement of Retraction	3
Casting parameters and propagation behaviour of sticker breakout for the conventional slab	3
Evolution behaviour of interfacial structure between quicklime and converter slag: slag-forming route based on FetO component	3
An effective control method for silicon content in hot metal: Model predictive control (MPC) based on CNN–LSTM–Attention algorithm	3
Intelligent prediction for the temperature of molten steel after RH treatment	3