Medical Hypotheses

Article	Citations
COVIDiagnosis-Net: Deep Bayes-SqueezeNet based diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from X-ray images	552
SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression	263
Detection of tumors on brain MRI images using the hybrid convolutional neural network architecture	209
Airborne route and bad use of ventilation systems as non-negligible factors in SARS-CoV-2 transmission	202
Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays as a rapid diagnostic for COVID-19	200
Burnout syndrome in Romanian medical residents in time of the COVID-19 pandemic	167
Into the looking glass: Post-viral syndrome post COVID-19	160
Brain tumor classification using modified local binary patterns (LBP) feature extraction methods	149
Is copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients?	148
Early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease using machine learning algorithms	145
COVID-19 and chronic fatigue syndrome: Is the worst yet to come?	140
Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19)	136
Potential role of zinc supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19	125
Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today's battle against COVID-19?	122
The effects of allium sativum on immunity within the scope of COVID-19 infection	93
N-Acetylcysteine: A potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2	92
Is hesperidin essential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 Infection?	88
“Exercise with facemask; Are we handling a devil's sword?” – A physiological hypothesis	87
Periodontal pockets: A potential reservoir for SARS-CoV-2?	86
COVID-19: Does the infectious inoculum dose-response relationship contribute to understanding heterogeneity in disease severity and transmission dynamics?	79
Alveolar epithelial cell type II as main target of SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 development via NF-Kb pathway deregulation: A physio-pathological theory	79
The powerful immune system against powerful COVID-19: A hypothesis	79
A hybrid image enhancement based brain MRI images classification technique	78
The triggering of post-COVID-19 autoimmunity phenomena could be associated with both transient immunosuppression and an inappropriate form of immune reconstitution in susceptible individuals	76
COVID-19 & Periodontitis: The cytokine connection	74

Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19	73
Novel therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury: Targeting a potential IL-1β/neutrophil extracellular traps feedback loop	67
Can pioglitazone be potentially useful therapeutically in treating patients with COVID-19?	67
Is periodontal disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness?	64
Innate immunity in COVID-19 patients mediated by NKG2A receptors, and potential treatment using Monalizumab, Cholroquine, and antiviral agents	61
COVID-19: NAD+ deficiency may predispose the aged, obese and type2 diabetics to mortality through its effect on SIRT1 activity	61
The possible beneficial adjuvant effect of influenza vaccine to minimize the severity of COVID-19	60
Apparent difference in fatalities between Central Europe and East Asia due to SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19: Four hypotheses for possible explanation	59
COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran, Iran	57
COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): A spark that sets the forest alight?	57
Ethanol metabolism: The good, the bad, and the ugly	57
Pirfenidone: A novel hypothetical treatment for COVID-19	57
Development of integrated microfluidic platform coupled with Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for diagnosis of COVID-19	56
Respiratory conditions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Important considerations regarding novel treatment strategies to reduce mortality	55
Blood clots in COVID-19 patients: Simplifying the curious mystery	54
SARS-CoV-2 cell entry receptor ACE2 mediated endothelial dysfunction leads to vascular thrombosis in COVID-19 patients	54
Are graphene and graphene-derived products capable of preventing COVID-19 infection?	53
From Warburg effect to Reverse Warburg effect; the new horizons of anti-cancer therapy	52
Genetic predisposition models to COVID-19 infection	52
COVID-19 inflammation results in urine cytokine elevation and causes COVID-19 associated cystitis (CAC)	50
Plausible mechanisms of Niclosamide as an antiviral agent against COVID-19	49
Texture based localization of a brain tumor from MR-images by using a machine learning approach	49
Endothelial dysfunction in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Gender and age influences	48
Relevance of SARS-CoV-2 related factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions in gastrointestinal tissue with pathogenesis of digestive symptoms, diabetes-associated mortality, and disease recurrence in COVID-	48
Does infection of 2019 novel coronavirus cause acute and/or chronic sialadenitis?	47
Why does SARS-CoV-2 survive longer on plastic than on paper?	47
Hypothesis for the management and treatment of the COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes	47
May IL-17 have a role in COVID-19 infection?	46
Cross-immunity between respiratory coronaviruses may limit COVID-19 fatalities	45
Can moderate intensity aerobic exercise be an effective and valuable therapy in preventing and controlling the pandemic of COVID-19?	45
Three novel prevention, diagnostic, and treatment options for COVID-19 urgently necessitating controlled randomized trials	45
Spironolactone may provide protection from SARS-CoV-2: Targeting androgens, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)	44
Inflammation: A bridge between diabetes and COVID-19, and possible management with sitagliptin	44
The old but new: Can unfractioned heparin and low molecular weight heparins inhibit proteolytic activation and cellular internalization of SARS-CoV2 by inhibition of host cell proteases?	43
Vitamin D: A simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?	43
Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19	43
Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: A literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic	42
Hypothesis: Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19	42
COVID-19 as a viral functional ACE2 deficiency disorder with ACE2 related multi-organ disease	42
As a potential treatment of COVID-19: Montelukast	41
The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions	41
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 protects against COVID-19: A hypothesis	41
COVID-19: Endogenous Retinoic Acid Theory and Retinoic Acid Depletion Syndrome	40
COVID-19 and picotechnology: Potential opportunities	40
IL-17A and TNF-α as potential biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality in patients with obesity and COVID-19	39
Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection	39
Could autism spectrum disorders be a risk factor for COVID-19?	38
Homocysteine as a potential predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with COVID-19	38
Ursodeoxycholic acid as a candidate therapeutic to alleviate and/or prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm	38
Role of graphene in biosensor and protective textile against viruses	37

Downregulation of microRNA-146a in diabetes, obesity and hypertension may contribute to severe COVID-19	37
Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression	36
Could nutritional and functional status serve as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in the elderly?	36
More that ACE2? NRP1 may play a central role in the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 and its association with enhanced survival	35
Hyperglycemia and the novel Covid-19 infection: Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms	35
The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease	35
COVID-19 patients may become predisposed to pulmonary arterial hypertension	35
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID-19: Two problems, one solution?	35
A new approach for COVID-19 treatment by micro-RNA	35
Cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions in COVID-19 patients: Current findings and possible mechanisms	35
The association between obesity and poor outcome after COVID-19 indicates a potential therapeutic role for montelukast	34
Oxytocin may have a therapeutical potential against cardiovascular disease. Possible pharmaceutical and behavioral approaches	34
Pulmonary surfactant itself must be a strong defender against SARS-CoV-2	33
Should aspirin be used for prophylaxis of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy?	33
COVID-19’s toll on the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus – Is vitamin B12 deficiency an accomplice?	33
Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in targeting coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A hypothesis	33
Pulmonary delivery of nanostructured lipid carriers for effective repurposing of salinomycin as an antiviral agent	32
Rethinking interleukin-6 blockade for treatment of COVID-19	32
Dapsone and doxycycline could be potential treatment modalities for COVID-19	31
Tackling the COVID-19 “cytokine storm” with microRNA mimics directly targeting the 3’UTR of pro-inflammatory mRNAs	31
A new image steganography method with optimum pixel similarity for data hiding in medical images	31
What about the original antigenic sin of the humans versus SARS-CoV-2?	30
Natural RNA dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors: Molecular docking studies of some biologically active alkaloids of Argemone mexicana	30
May COVID-19 outbreaks lead to a worsening of skin chronic inflammatory conditions?	30
Routine childhood immunization may protect against COVID-19	30
COVID-19: beta-thalassemia subjects immunised?	29
Washing hands and the face may reduce COVID-19 infection	29
Can bilirubin nanomedicine become a hope for the management of COVID-19?	29
N-acetyl-cysteine may prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome	29
Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2	29
The possible immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in coronavirus disease patients	29
Ketogenic diet as a potential intervention for lipedema	29
Pro resolving inflammatory effects of the lipid mediators of omega 3 fatty acids and its implication in SARS COVID-19	29
Will an obesity pandemic replace the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic?	29
Parkinson disease classification using one against all based data sampling with the acoustic features from the speech signals	29
Multifaceted targeting of cationic liposomes via co-delivery of anti-IL-17 siRNA and corticosteroid for topical treatment of psoriasis	29
Diacerein: A potential multi-target therapeutic drug for COVID-19	28
Premises among SARS-CoV-2, dysbiosis and diarrhea: Walking through the ACE2/mTOR/autophagy route	28
Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection more severe in obese men? The gut lymphatics – Lung axis hypothesis	28
Discrimination of β-thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia through extreme learning machine and regularized extreme learning machine based decision support system	28
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) cytoprotective pathway: A potential treatment strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine storm syndrome	27
Scientific hypothesis and rational pharmacological for the use of sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac damage caused by COVID-19	27
Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: Does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection?	27
Distinguishing between typical Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2	27
Possible mechanisms responsible for acute coronary events in COVID-19	27
RAGE receptor: May be a potential inflammatory mediator for SARS-COV-2 infection?	26
Life-threatening course in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Is there a link to methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and hyperhomocysteinemia?	26
Topical delivery of Tacrolimus using liposome containing gel: An emerging and synergistic approach in management of psoriasis	26
Inhaled hydroxychloroquine to improve efficacy and reduce harm in the treatment of COVID-19	26
Potential of electric stimulation for the management of COVID-19	26
A possible application of hinokitiol as a natural zinc ionophore and anti-infective agent for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and viral infections	25
Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: An ACE in the hole?	25
Could the decrease in the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production and NO bioavailability be the crucial cause of COVID-19 related deaths?	25
Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: On PPAR with emerging pharmacotherapy	25
Phosphatidylglycerol and surfactant: A potential treatment for COVID-19?	25
Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of lymphopenia and a therapeutic target in COVID-19 disease	25
Can preprocedural mouthrinses reduce SARS-CoV-2 load in dental aerosols?	25
The potential use of ABO blood group system for risk stratification of COVID-19	24
Laryngopharyngeal reflux: The microbiota theory	24
Statins and PCSK9 inhibitors: What is their role in coronavirus disease 2019?	24
Purposing Saikosaponins for the treatment of COVID-19	24
Mechanisms of insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and the action of the ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder. Focus on the PI3K/AKT/HIF1-a pathway	24
Is anosmia the price to pay in an immune-induced scorched-earth policy against COVID-19?	24
Periodontal disease and targeted prevention using aMMP-8 point-of-care oral fluid analytics in the COVID-19 era	24
Targeting adenosinergic pathway and adenosine A2A receptor signaling for the treatment of COVID-19: A hypothesis	24
COVID 19 mortality: Probable role of microbiome to explain disparity	24
Does COVID 19 generate a milieu for propagation of mucormycosis?	23
Hypotheses about sub-optimal hydration in the weeks before coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a risk factor for dying from COVID-19	23
Is there a role for insulin-like growth factor inhibition in the treatment of COVID-19-related adult respiratory distress syndrome?	23
Genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 may explain variable severity of COVID-19	23
The hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 affects male reproductive ability by regulating autophagy	23
Flavones and flavonols may have clinical potential as CK2 inhibitors in cancer therapy	23
Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and proteases in COVID-19 patients: A potential role of cellular FURIN in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2	23
Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk for cancer	23
COVID-19: A methyl-group assault?	23
Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2	23
Synergy between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α-synuclein, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease	22
Elevating the level of hypoxia inducible factor may be a new potential target for the treatment of depression	22
Combination therapy of curcumin and fecal microbiota transplant: Potential treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome	22
Dendritic cell vaccine immunotherapy; the beginning of the end of cancer and COVID-19. A hypothesis	22

Vitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI	22
Does COVID-19 cause permanent damage to olfactory and gustatory function?	22
Mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinone: A potential treatment for COVID-19	22
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) secretome: A possible therapeutic strategy for intensive-care COVID-19 patients	22
Sodium chromo-glycate and palmitoylethanolamide: A possible strategy to treat mast cell-induced lung inflammation in COVID-19	22
Estrogen shields women from COVID-19 complications by reducing ER stress	22
Are night shift workers at an increased risk for COVID-19?	21
Role of testosterone in COVID-19 patients – A double-edged sword?	21
How does stellate ganglion block alleviate immunologically-linked disorders?	21
Mesenchymal stem cells-bridge catalyst between innate and adaptive immunity in COVID 19	21
Non-invasive cancer detection using volatile biomarkers: Is urine superior to breath?	21
A new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of symptomatic adult Chiari malformation Type I	20
SARS-CoV-2 and miRNA-like inhibition power	20
Harnessing adenosine A2A receptors as a strategy for suppressing the lung inflammation and thrombotic complications of COVID-19: Potential of pentoxifylline and dipyridamole	20
Low levels of salivary lactoferrin may affect oral dysbiosis and contribute to Alzheimer’s disease: A hypothesis	20
COVID-19: Loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity?	20
What would Sérgio Ferreira say to your physician in this war against COVID-19: How about kallikrein/kinin system?	20
Decorin as a possible strategy for the amelioration of COVID-19	20
Dapsone, colchicine and olanzapine as treatment adjuncts to prevent COVID-19 associated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)	20
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria	20
Surfactant-based prophylaxis and therapy against COVID-19: A possibility	20
Etoposide-based therapy for severe forms of COVID-19	20
Neuroinflammation as a possible link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pain	20
Does serotonin deficiency lead to anosmia, ageusia, dysfunctional chemesthesis and increased severity of illness in COVID-19?	19
SARS – CoV-2: Reasons of epidemiology of severe ill disease cases and therapeutic approach using trivalent vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria and Bordetella pertussis)	19
Can beta-adrenergic blockers be used in the treatment of COVID-19?	19
The AI-discovered aetiology of COVID-19 and rationale of the irinotecan+ etoposide combination therapy for critically ill COVID-19 patients	19
Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19	19
Roll of stenosis severity, artery radius and blood fluid behavior on the flow velocity in the arteries: Application in biomedical engineering	19
Dietary assessment can be based on pattern recognition rather than recall	19
Methylene blue may have a role in the treatment of COVID-19	19
“Fossa navicularis” and “septum glandis”: A “flow-control chamber” for the male urethra?	19
Methylene blue in covid-19	19
An exemplar pyramid feature extraction based humerus fracture classification method	19
Is it possible to use Proton Pump Inhibitors in COVID-19 treatment and prophylaxis?	19
Supportive therapy during COVID-19: The proposed mechanism of short-chain fatty acids to prevent cytokine storm and multi-organ failure	18
Can COVID-19 induce glioma tumorogenesis through binding cell receptors?	18
Oral sex: A new, and possibly the most dangerous, route of toxoplasmosis transmission	18
Nebulized Lidocaine in COVID-19, An Hypothesis	18
Doxycycline or minocycline may be a viable treatment option against SARS-CoV-2	18
COVID-19 and autism	18
Can hyperbaric oxygen safely serve as an anti-inflammatory treatment for COVID-19?	18
A potential role for cyclophosphamide in the mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients with SARS-CoV-2	18
Role of inositol to improve surfactant functions and reduce IL-6 levels: A potential adjuvant strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia?	18
RETRACTED: Facemasks in the COVID-19 era: A health hypothesis	18
Could diet and exercise reduce risk of COVID-19 syndemic?	17
Is macrophages heterogeneity important in determining COVID-19 lethality?	17
A data-driven hypothesis on the epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS coronaviral infection: Potential implications for the SARS-CoV-2 modus operandi	17
The effect of BPA exposure on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes – The impact of muscle contraction	17
Immunopharmacological management of COVID-19: Potential therapeutic role of valproic acid	17
Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in managing influenza virus infection: A hypothesis	17
A unifying theory for the pathoetiologic mechanism of tardive dyskinesia	17
Is the gingival sulcus a potential niche for SARS-Corona virus-2?	17
Could COVID-19 anosmia and olfactory dysfunction trigger an increased risk of future dementia in patients with ApoE4?	17
Does hyperglycemia downregulate glucose transporters in the brain?	17
Is it fair to hope that patients with Type 1 Diabetes (autoimmune) may be spared by the infection of Covid-19?	16
Alpha-lipoic acid may protect patients with diabetes against COVID-19 infection	16
The importance of cell-mediated immunity in COVID-19 – An opinion	16
COVID-19 infection can cause chemotherapy resistance development in patients with breast cancer and tamoxifen may cause susceptibility to COVID-19 infection	16
Disease course, stress, attachment, and mentalization in patients with inflammatory bowel disease	16
Ribosomal proteins as a possible tool for blocking SARS-COV 2 virus replication for a potential prospective treatment	16
High dose folic acid is a potential treatment for pulmonary hypertension, including when associated with COVID-19 pneumonia	16
Activated macrophages are the main inflammatory cell in COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia infiltrates. Is it possible to show their metabolic activity and thus the grade of inflammatory burden with 18F-	16
Is the presence of lung injury in COVID-19 an independent risk factor for secondary lung cancer?	16
The use of ibuprofen to treat fever in COVID-19: A possible indirect association with worse outcome?	16
NCAM protein and SARS-COV-2 surface proteins: In-silico hypothetical evidence for the immunopathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome	16
Fecal microbiota transplantation for COVID-19; a potential emerging treatment strategy	16
Autism Spectrum Disorder patients may be susceptible to COVID-19 disease due to deficiency in melatonin	15
Periodontal pocket and COVID-19: Could there be a possible link?	15
EMMPRIN/BASIGIN as a biological modulator of oral cancer and COVID-19 interaction: Novel propositions	15
Critical oxygenation: Can muscle oxygenation inform us about critical power?	15
Early multidrug treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and reduced mortality among nursing home (or outpatient/ambulatory) residents	15
2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Crucıalıty of Furın and relevance wıth cancer	15
The plausible mechanisms of tramadol for treatment of COVID-19	15
Falls in older adults: The new pandemic in the post COVID-19 era?	15
New aspect of allergic contact dermatitis, an inflammatory skin disorder mediated by mast cells: Can IL-38 help?	15
Copper and anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression	15
Combination therapy of vanillic acid and oxaliplatin co-loaded in polysaccharide based functionalized polymeric micelles could offer effective treatment for colon cancer: A hypothesis	15
Demethyleneberberine: A possible treatment for Huntington’s disease	15
WHO statement – “Older people are at highest risk from COVID-19”: Should the hypothesis be corroborated or rejected?	15
Associations between migraine, celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity and activity of diamine oxidase	15
Kawasaki-like disease in children with COVID-19: A hypothesis	15
Has the chief complaint of patients with COVID-19 disease changed over time?	15
Urinary troponin concentration as a marker of cardiac damage in pregnancies complicated with preeclampsia	15
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene polymorphism as determinant of differences in Covid-19-related disease severity	15
Repurposing prolactin as a promising immunomodulator for the treatment of COVID-19: Are common Antiemetics the wonder drug to fight coronavirus?	15
A new pharmacological approach based on remdesivir aerosolized administration on SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary inflammation: A possible and rational therapeutic application	15
COVID-19: Electrophysiological mechanisms underlying sudden cardiac death during exercise with facemasks	14
Could SARS-CoV-2 blocking of ACE2 in endothelial cells result in upregulation of CX3CL1, promoting thrombosis in COVID-19 patients?	14
Fenofibrate increases the amount of sulfatide which seems beneficial against Covid-19	14
COVID-19, quarantine, and atopic dermatitis	14
Oxytocin as a potential defence against Covid-19?	14
N-acetycysteine: A potential therapeutic agent in COVID-19 infection	14
SARS-CoV 2; Possible alternative virus receptors and pathophysiological determinants	14
SARS-CoV-2-mediated encephalitis: Role of AT2R receptors in the blood-brain barrier	14