Transition Metal Chemistry

Papers
(The median citation count of Transition Metal Chemistry is 0. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-04-01 to 2025-04-01.)
ArticleCitations
Mechanistic insights into the redox reactions of chromium complexes containing picolinates as ligands, interaction with biomolecules52
Synthesis, optical properties, and enhanced photocatalytic degradation of (Mg, Cu) co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under ultraviolet light irradiation38
Slowing the reactivity of dicyclometalated Pd(II) complexes through the 2,6-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)pyridine (C^N^C) non-leaving ligands: kinetic and computational study33
Study of efficiency of organic activator application to process difficult-to-beneficiate polymetallic ridder ores21
Two nickel(II) carboxyphosphonates with different supramolecular structures: synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties14
Fabrication of two-dimensional Zn/Cd-based metal-organic frameworks and their heterostructures as efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of industrial dyes12
The anticancer impacts of N, S donor pyrazole based ligand and its Co(III) and Cu(II) complexes on breast cancer cells11
Synthesis, crystal structure, and characterization of two new end-to-end 1D pseudohalide bridged manganese(III) complexes9
A new coordination polymer of Cd(II) with 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol ligand: synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, photoluminescence and DFT calculation8
Palladium(II) complexes of (t-butyl salicylidene) diphenyl disulfide diamine: synthesis, structure, spectral characterization and catalytic properties8
Recent advances in metal-mediated oxidations with mCPBA7
Synthesis and crystal structures of four three-dimensional hybrid materials based on polyoxovanadate bridging macrocyclic copper/nickel complexes6
Sandwich heterometallic coordination polymers consisting of copper-cluster pillars and layered networks of {Ln6} wheels: synthesis, structures, spectroscopic properties and Judd–Ofelt analysis6
Two nickel(II) complexes exhibiting "fused" 9-MC-3 and 12-MC-4 metallacrowns5
Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to benzaldehydes catalyzed by dioxomolybdenum Schiff base complex: synthesis, spectral characterization, crystal structure, theoretical and computational studies5
Allen J. Bard, Larry. R. Faulkner, Henry S. White: Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, 3rd edition, Wiley5
Metal-directed thiophene-carboxylate-based nickel(II) complexes as multifunctional electrochemical and fluorescent sensors for detecting different analytes5
A sky-blue luminescent silver(I) complex with a one-dimensional zipper-like structure constructed with 2-diphenylphosphinopyridine and thiocyanate5
Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of SNS cobalt(II) tridentate complexes5
Multistep synthesis, reactivity and X-ray structure of the anisole-terminated iron(II) polyhalogenoclathrochelates and their monoribbed-functionalized macrobicyclic derivatives5
A linear tetranuclear Ni(II) acyl hydrazone Schiff base complex: preparation, crystal structure and catalytic application5
Photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency and reusability of potassium polyacrylate hydrogel loaded Ag@ZnO nanocomposite4
Theoretical study of Cr–Cr bonding in [Cp*2Cr2(CO)2(µ-PMe2)2], [Cp*2Cr2(CO)4(µ-H) (µ-PMe2)], and [Cp*3Cr3(CO)3(μ-S) (μ-PMe2)] complexes by QTAIM theory4
A facile synthesis of spherical Cu-Ag architectures and their excellent catalytic performance4
Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel alkynyl (phosphine) digold(I) complexes4
Thickness-dependent photocatalytic performance and wettability of barium-doped ZnO thin films synthesized via SILAR technique4
Impact of cobalt doping on the structural, optical, and electronic characteristics of xCo:NiO crystal lattice3
Synthesis, crystal structures, luminescence and magnetic property of two complexes based on 5-nitroisophthalic acid3
Preparation of nickel catalysts bearing Schiff base macrocycles and their performance in ethylene oligomerization3
Facile synthesis of paramagnetic Co(II)-hexaborate(2-)-based semi-organic complexes: a combined investigation on X-ray crystal structure, Hirshfeld surfaces analysis, optical and magnetic properties3
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and photophysical properties of new p-anisolylthiol-functionalized platinum(II) bis(alkenylarylalkynyl) complexes3
Two new square-planar Cu(II) complexes derived from a heterocyclic pyrazolone ligand: synthesis, in vitro anticancer activity, DFT and Hirshfeld analysis3
Norbornene polymerization and copolymerization with ethylene by titanium complexes bearing pyridinium imide ligand3
Book review3
Kinetic-mechanistic studies of ruthenium macrocyclic complexes formation as potential donors and scavengers of nitric oxide and correlated species3
A new [SiMo12O40]4−-based metal organic framework: synthesis, structure, photo-/electro-catalytic and absorption properties3
Synthesis, structure, adsorption and electrochemical properties of the new two-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer based on bifunctional ligand3
Assessment of the photocatalytic activity of scheelite CaWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposites via rhodamine B degradation under visible light3
Highly selective ethanol detection on sheet-like ZnO sensor synthesized by microemulsion3
Design of a new unsymmetrical bis (imino) pyridine Schiff-base co-complex with an ionic liquid group as a recyclable green catalyst to prepare chromenes derivatives from benzylic alcohol3
Construction of poly-iodine aromatic carboxylate Mn/Co frameworks and iodine adsorption behavior2
Fabrication and impact on photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped ZnO/SnO2 nanostructures with for enhancing the electrochemical performance2
The mechanical, thermodynamic and electronic characters of TiFe at extreme pressures: first-principles calculation2
Probing the interaction of Ti clusters with isopropanol for ether production: an experimental and computational study2
Synthesis and ethylene oligomerization behavior of trinuclear nickel complex with phosphorus dendrimer2
η3-allyl-Pd(II) complexes of 2-, 3- and 4-pyridylmethyl-coumarin esters2
Syntheses, crystal structures and fluorescence properties of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes based on 2-phenoxyaniline Schiff base2
Exploring the therapeutic potential of copper and cobalt complexes as anticancer agents: a comprehensive review2
The effect of alkyl substituents in the β-side on the conformation, molecular structure, and copper-oxygen bond strength of bis(β-diketonato)copper(II) complexes by DFT results and experimental vibrat2
ADT-Type [FeFe]-hydrogenase biomimics featuring monodentate phosphines: formation, structures, and electrocatalysis2
Synthesis, crystal structure, and photocatalytic property of heterometallic calcium‒titanium oxo cluster with high aqueous stability2
Influence of bulky groups in single-component conductors based on neutral radical gold bis(dithiolene) complexes2
Inhibition of cell proliferation of iridium(III) polypyridyl complexes on osteosarcoma U2OS cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway2
Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and characterization of a new 1-D dicyanamide-bridged, polymeric Mn(III) complex2
A new MOF with high water stability and selective CO2 adsorption2
C3-symmetric tripalladium(II) complex for catalysis via geometrical coincident interaction with C3-symmetric substrate2
Nickel(II) complexes with mono(imino)pyrrole ligands: preparation, structure, DFT calculation and catalytic behavior2
Synthesis, crystal structure, theoretical investigation and catalytic activity study of mononuclear nickel(II) complex2
Ultra-fast microwave irradiation: a superior method of fabricating ZnO quantum wires1
Template-free synthesis of porous TiO2/CdS for enhanced photocatalytic degradation from ilmenite1
Syntheses and crystal structures of new mononuclear and binuclear ruthenium complexes supported by salicylaldimine ligands1
Synthesis and characterization of zinc(II) phthalocyanine containing 17-membered macrocyclic moiety as new extractant for the removal of Ag(I) from aqueous solution1
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic transfer hydrogenation properties of Ru(II) complexes1
Magnetic extract of iron ore-derived goethite microparticles as a promising heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for brilliant green dye discolorization1
Chiral ferrocenylimine alcohols and corresponding reduced ferrocenyl secondary amine alcohols: synthesis, X-crystal structures and characterization1
An investigation into luminescent phenoxo-bridged heterobimetallic copper(II)–calcium(II)/strontium(II)-based bis(salamo)-like complexes1
Mechanochemical synthesis of 3-EtO-salen and 3-EtO-salophen Co(II) and Fe(III) metal complexes from precursors in a single step without isolating the ligand1
Structural investigation, theoretical DFT, Hirshfeld surface analysis and catalytic behaviour towards 3,5-DTBC oxidation of two cobalt(ii) complexes with semicarbazone Schiff base ligands1
New organotin(IV) complexes derived from 1-adamantanethiol: synthesis, crystal structure, DFT calculation, and in vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxicity1
Mineralogical characterization of Indonesian rare earth elements from secondary resource (zircon tailings)1
Synthesis, structural characterization and anticancer properties of p-cymene Ru(II) complexes with 2-(N-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridines1
Metals, microbes, and minerals: the biogeochemical side of life, vol. 21 of metal ions in life sciences (Guest Editors: Peter M. H. Kroneck and Martha E. Sosa Torres. Series Editors: Astrid Sigel, Eva1
N-doped TiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of colorless and colored organic pollutants under visible light irradiation1
Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity studies of Ni(II) complexes derived from 2-(benzyloxy)benzoylhydrazone and different aldehydes1
Fabrication of a new nickel iron-titanate perovskite composite with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity1
Half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes containing 4-substituted aniline derivatives: structural characterizations and catalytic properties in transfer hydrogenation of ketones1
Synthesis, crystal structure and antimicrobial activities of two silver(I) complexes based on bis(pyrazole) and carboxylic acid co-ligands1
Fabrication of hollow metallic copper particles using a standard electrode potential difference1
Zn (II) octahedral complex with new ketimine ligand: design, synthesis and single-crystal studies1
Synthesis, supramolecular insight, Hirshfeld surface analyses and optical properties of Fe(II) and Cu(II) complexes of flexible imidazole tethered 1,8-naphthalimide1
Highly selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of nitrite in drinking water by acetic acid-capped hierarchical flower-like NiO nanosheets structure1
Synthesis of nickel-doped titanium-oxo clusters with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity1
Optimizing adsorption efficiency: synthesis and characterization of zinc-doped strontium titanate for highly effective removal of malachite green dye1
Deciphering the impact of pressure on the electronic, mechanical, and structural properties of PrMnO3 through density functional theory analysis1
Template-directed assembly of two cadmium diphosphonates with or without the luminescent sensing ability for Hg2+1
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of novel monometallic and bimetallic Mn(II) complexes with thiocarboxamide and phenanthroline ligands1
Palladium(II) halide complexes of N,N,S-tridentate Schiff bases: synthesis, structural studies in solution and solid state, and analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces1
A family of 1D coordination polymers based on Ln–Cu 15-metallacrown-5 units with two topological sorting: syntheses, structures, and single-chain magnet behaviour1
Meet the new Editor-in-Chief1
Copper (II) complexes with (E)-N′(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzilidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide, their bactericidal and fungicidal activity1
Characterization and kinetics of low-TENORM zirconium oxychloride production from zircon sand1
Antiferromagnetically coupled iso-structural CrIII, MnIII and FeIII complexes of a tetradentate Schiff base ligand derived from o-phenylenediamine1
Silver and ruthenium complexes with anthracene functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: catalytic and cytotoxicity properties1
N-doped NiS2 nanosheets array on carbon fiber as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst1
Physiochemical interaction of surfactants with metal complexes and its biological relevance: a comprehensive overview1
Manganese(II)-based coordination polymer as a bi-responsive luminescent sensor for highly selective detection of picric acid and CrO42− ion0
Synthesis, characterization, photophysical, and photochemical properties of novel phthalocyanines containing thymoxy groups as bioactive units0
Stereospecific formation of vanadium mandelato complexes with [Fe(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ as a counter ion0
Dirhenium(III,III) trithiocarbamato complexes: experimental and theoretical investigation0
Synthesis, characterization and antileishmanial activity of copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes with diamine ligands0
Ruthenium (II) β-diketimine as hydroamination catalyst, crystal structure and DFT computations0
Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, and biological activity of manganese (II) complexes based on 2-acetylpyrazine thiosemicarbazones0
Pyrazole-based trinuclear and mononuclear complexes: synthesis, characterization, DNA interactions and cytotoxicity studies0
New fluorescent Schiff bases linked azo chromophore: synthesis, complex formation with Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions, characterization, X-ray, SEM and optical properties0
Synthesis, crystal structures, magnetism and fluorescence of manganese(II) and copper(II) complexes based on 2,5-diketopiperazine-N,N′-diacetic acid ligands0
Structural, magnetic, and electronic structure of the nanostructured (CoMn)50Ni50 powders used in dye discoloration via a heterogeneous Fenton-like process0
Preparation and electrochemical sensing performances toward bromate and Cr(VI) of two γ-octamolybdate-based complexes decorated by in situ transformation ligand0
Two polymolybdate-based hybrid compounds constructed from monodentate imidazolated naphthalene ligand with capacitive performance0
Low-crystallinity FeP nanosheets as efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution0
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO by Cobalt(II) Pyridinyl-1,3,5-Triazine-Diamine complexes0
Bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with carbazole/triphenylamine donor fragment for oxygen sensing0
A novel Cd(II) compound of flucytosine: synthesis, structure, and optical properties0
Construction of Fe3O4@SiO2-ABA-Amide/BTH-Cu(II) nanocomposite as a reusable magnetic catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes and nitriles to amines0
Four bimetallic ammonium formate frameworks: structures, magnetism and dielectricity0
Copper(II) complex of N,N´-bis-(benzimidazol-2-yl-methyl)-hexane-1,6-dicarboxamide ligand: synthesis, structure and catalytic oxidation of amines in ionic liquid0
Luminescent heteroleptic copper(I) complexes with polydentate benzotriazolyl-based ligands0
Astrid Sigel, Eva Freisinger, Roland K. O. Sigel (Eds): Metals ions in bio-imaging techniques, vol. 22 of Metal ions in life sciences0
Multifunctional Ag/CuO nanocomposites: synthesis, antimycobacterial efficacy, and cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells0
Versatility of various tungsten oxide nanostructures towards fostering electrochromic state of the art: a review0
Electric arc vacuumless synthesis of IV–V group transition metal carbides0
Effect of precursors on structural, optical and surface properties of ZnO thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis method: efficient removal of Cu (II) from wastewater0
Ultrasound-assisted biosynthesis of gelatin-gold nanocomposite: investigation of its antioxidant activity and its performance as anti-endometrial cancer in vitro0
A 2D pillared-bilayer iron-based metal–organic framework: syntheses, crystal structure, UV-light photocatalytic and heterogeneous Fenton-like catalytic activities0
1,4-Divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium complexes terminated with deprotonated 2-mercaptopyridine or 2- or 8-mercaptoquinoline co-ligands0
Optimized adsorption of Acid Green 25 (AG-25) dye using zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles: a Response Surface Methodology approach0
Mononuclear copper(II) complexes of the macrolide antibiotics tylosin and tilmicosin0
Efficient degradation of metronidazole in wastewater by FeOx/GAC catalytic ozonation0
Transition metal (Mn-, Ni-, Co- and Cu-) doped ZnS nano-flowers for morphological, structural, optical, elemental and antibacterial studies0
Diarylazooxime complex of cobalt(III): synthesis, structure, ligand redox, DFT calculations and spectral characteristics0
Stabilized catalyst comprising nickel and supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid: synthesis, characterization and aqueous-phase Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling0
Synthesis, crystal structures and CT-DNA/BSA binding of Cd(II) and Mn(II) complexes with 5-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid as a ligand0
Three Keggin-based complexes modified by an asymmetric ligand: structures, electrochemical, photocatalytic and fluorescence sensing properties0
Characterization of silver-coated copper particles synthesized by mechanical activation and electroless plating0
The syntheses, characterization, thermal properties of asymmetrical La β-diketonate and their application as ALD precursor for La2O3 films0
A three-dimensional Pb-centered coordination framework: crystal structure and electrochemiluminescent property0
N3/4-pyridinyl Schiff base copper(II) benzoate complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and ring-opening polymerization studies0
Study of effect of high annealing temperature on the photocatalytic activity of ZnO thin films prepared by dip-coating method0
Nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes with 4,5-dichloro-isothiazole-3-carboxylic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline: synthesis, crystal structures and cytotoxicity0
Facile recovery of terephthalic acid from PET bottles via acid hydrolysis with nitric acid and applications in synthesis of cobalt MOFs0
Synthesis, characterization and crystallographic determination of symmetrical Schiff bases and their Zn(II) metal complexes0
Inorganic–organic hybrids assembled by flexible multidentate linker: design, structure and luminescence0
Synthesis, crystal structure, and PTPs inhibition activity of a {N, S}-coordinated paddle wheel platinum(II) complex0
NNN pincer palladium(II) complexes with N-(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-picolinamide ligands: synthesis, characterization, and application to heck coupling reaction0
Quantitative assessment of the nature and strength of Au‒dithiolate bond in gold(III) bis(1,2-dithiolate) homoleptic complexes0
Self-assembled heterometallic Cu(II)–Na(I) coordination polymer with salen-type Schiff base ligand: structural analysis, antimicrobial, DFT and molecular docking study0
Stereoselective homo- and co-polymerization of lactides and ε-caprolactone catalysed by highly active racemic zinc(II) pyridyl complexes0
Comprehensive study on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using undoped and Mg-doped cobalt spinel ferrite nanoparticles with emphasis on Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O40
Recovery of copper from deposit of Kola Tembein, Tigray, Ethiopia0
Ponceau S dye decolorization during the Fe(II)/UV/Chlorine and Cu(II)/UV/Chlorine processes: experimental and theoretical study0
Synthesis and structural elucidation of 1,2-naphthoquinone derivatives, Schiff base complexes and ternary complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline: comparative studies of their antimicrobial, anti-inflammato0
Synthesis, characterization of CdII-based complexes for efficient detection of copper(II) ions and antibiotics0
Optimized green synthesis of biocompatible Ag nanostructures using Artemisia Indica leaf extract: a promising avenue for biomedical applications0
Kinetic insights on the oxidation of acetaminophen and caffeine by a Mn(IV)3 complex0
Co-electrodeposition of Ni-La coating on Ni foam for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction0
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, DFT-D2 analysis and BSA binding studies of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes with a novel Benzothiazole-based ligand0
Study of Fe2+ removal from laterite nickel-ore leaching pregnant solutions: optimization and kinetics0
A polydentate ligand based on 2,2’-dipyridylamine unit linked benzo-15-crown-5; alkali and transition metal complexes; photoresponsive ligand; antimicrobial evaluation against pathogenic microorganism0
Advances in value-added aromatics by oxidation of lignin with transition metal complexes0
Photocatalytic properties of a binuclear Cd-complex to different types of harmful organic pollutants0
Chemistry of vinylidene complexes—XXVII—new µ-vinylidene MnPt complexes with platinum-coordinated 1-adamantyl isocyanide ligand: spectroscopic, structural and electrochemical study0
Synthesis, structural characterization, and cytotoxicity of nickel(II) complexes with 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid and oligopyridines0
Three metal organic frameworks constructed with 2,2′:6′2′′-terpyridine-4′-carboxylic acid: syntheses, structures and selective dye adsorption0
First molecular complexes of Cr(III) with 2,6-diacetylpyridine-bis(thiosemicarbazone): synthesis and crystal structures0
Selectivity through an asymmetric pathway in the degradation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) using mixed-ligand cobalt(II) complexes: experimental and theoretical insights0
New binuclear Cu (II) complex: synthesis, structural elucidation, cytotoxic and DNA-binding evaluation0
Design and fabrication of novel coordination polymers containing Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) for electrochemical detection of both ascorbic acid and Cr(VI)0
Novel CuO–SiO2 nanocomposites: synthesis, kinetics, recyclability, high stability and photocatalytic efficiency for Rose Bengal dye removal0
Anion-templated assembly of Co(II)-complexes based on the semirigid carboxylic acid ligand: synthesis, structure and magnetic property0
Color-change behavior of a bis(benzimidazole)-coordinated nickel-dichlorido complex induced by the adsorption of pyridine or ammonia vapor0
Four metal–organic architectures from a triphenyl-tricarboxylic acid: synthesis, crystal structures, and catalytic features0
Synthesis, crystal structures, and luminescence sensing properties of two cobalt(II) complexes containing bis(thiabendazole) moieties0
In vitro and in silico studies of a di-copper cyclam complex for anticancer application: functionalization, cytotoxicity, ADMET profile and molecular docking as a VEGFR1 inhibitor0
Hierarchically assembled palladium catalysts: preparation of heterogeneous biocatalysts via a facial route for the Heck coupling reaction0
Thiobenzamide-based ruthenium complexes: chemical reactivity and promising biological investigations against Leukemia cancer cells0
Preparation, characterization and electrochemical properties of ruthenium carbonyl octaethylporphyrins with axial quinoline and quinine ligands0
Influence of thermal treatment on the kinetics of manganese leaching from laterite ore0
Microwave-synthesized γ-WO3 nanorods exhibiting high current density and diffusion characteristics0
6-Membered cyclopalladated complex of 1-N-ferrocenylmethylindazole and its catalytic activity in cross-coupling Suzuki reactions0
An overview of bismuth tungstate-based catalysts in various organic transformations0
Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane nickel polychloridophenylthiolate complexes: synthesis and characterization0
Azadithiolate-bridged [FeFe]-hydrogenase mimics with bridgehead N-derivation: structural and electrochemical investigations0
A novel approach to study ascorbic acid oxidation using hexavalent chromium species—theoretical and practical perspectives of the use of potentiometric titration technique0
Asymmetrically tetra-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives: synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties0
Three metal organic frameworks based on mixed ligands: synthesis, crystal structures and luminescent sensing of nitro explosives0
Vanadium complexes: potential candidates for therapeutic applications0
Synthetic and ESI mass spectrometric investigations of Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru and Rh complexes of a polyether-functionalised thiourea ligand0
Substituted Fe(II)-terpyridyl complexes for DNA binding studies0
Pd catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 immobilized with ionic liquids: an efficient and recyclable system for C‒C bond formation0
Reduction of an asymmetric Pt(IV) prodrug fac-[Pt(dach)Cl3(OC(=O)CH3)] by biological thiol compounds: kinetic and mechanistic characterizations0
Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structures in copper(II) nitrobenzoates with N-methylnicotinamide: synthesis, supramolecular structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectral and DFT study0
Synthesis, characterization and studies of iridium (III) complexes inducing cell death via apoptosis and ferroptosis0
A high-performance nitrogen-rich ZIF8-derived $$\textrm{Fe}-\textrm{Co}-\textrm{NC}$$ electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction0
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