Sex Roles

Article	Citations
Mind the Gap: Gender, Racial, and Educational Differences in American Gender Attitudes from 1977 to 2018	70
Associations Between Women’s and Men’s Conformity to Gender Norms and Bystander Intervention to Disrupt Sexual Assault	57
Author Correction: “I Think Most of Society Hates Us”: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Interviews with Incels	53
Who is Responsible for Remembering? Everyday Prospective Memory Demands in Parenthood	46
The Gendered Resource Dilution: Sibling Structure, Parental Non-Monetary Investment, and Child Housework Labor in China	44
Unmarried Black Women’s Sexual Socialization: The Role of Dating, Motherhood, and Intimate Partner Violence Across Media Types	42
“Even Here”: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Gender Bias Incidents at a Selective Liberal Arts College	32
It’s Not Fine Online: Assessing the Emotional Consequences of Online Sexual Objectification and its Effect on Behaviour	31
Feminist Beliefs, Not Gender Equality Primes, Shape Self-Reported Partner Preferences	30
Orgasm Frequency Predicts Desire and Expectation for Orgasm: Assessing the Orgasm Gap within Mixed-Sex Couples	30
“Sport Belongs to Everyone… But Not During Pregnancy”: Views of Finnish Sport Stakeholders on Pregnancy in Sport	27
Tech-Savvy Men and Caring Women: Middle School Students’ Gender Stereotypes Predict Interest in Tech-Education	21
Correction to: Children’s Evaluations of Gender Non-Conforming Peers	19
“There’s No Sewing Classes, There’s No Bedazzling Seminars”: The Impact of Masculinity on Social Connectedness and Mental Health for Men Living in Inner-Regional Australia	19
The Precarity of Progress: Implications of a Shifting Gendered Division of Labor for Relationships and Well-Being as a Function of Country-Level Gender Equality	19
Development and Validation of the Ambivalent Homoprejudice Toward Lesbian Women at Work Scale	19
Gender, Self-Stereotyping, and Life Goals Predict Career Interest in Germany, Nigeria, and Turkey	18
Effectiveness of Interventions for Transgender Prejudice Reduction: A Meta-Analysis	17
Sociocultural Messages about Gender Dysphoria (Dis)Align with the Lived Experiences of Trans and Nonbinary Individuals: A Qualitative Study	16
Motor Skill Learning in Iranian Girls: Effects of a Relatively Long Induction of Gender Stereotypes	16
Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Transnormativity in the Association Between Gender Dysphoria and Psychological Distress	15
Achieving Equality or Persisting Inequality: Effects of Framing of Equality on Attitudes Toward Women and Gender Equality Through Identity Threat and Cognitive Unfreezing	15
“It Wasn’t Meant for Gays”: Lesbian Women’s and Gay Men’s Reactions to the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory	15
Masculinity and Condom Use: Using a Rejection Sensitivity Framework to Understand Women’s Condom Negotiation in Mixed-Gender Sexual Encounters	15
Perceptions of Trans Dating and Romantic Partners: The Role of Gender and Transphobia	15

Cloaked in Kindness: Bystander Responses to Witnessed Benevolent and Hostile Sexism	14
“A Fire in my Belly:” Conceptualizing U.S. Women’s Experiences of “Mom Rage”	14
An Adapted Sociocultural Model of Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating Among Midlife Men	14
Transgender Knowledge Mediates U.S. Political Differences in Prejudice and Support for Trans-inclusive Policies	13
Masculinity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Mixed Gender Canadian Youth	13
Correction to: An Adapted Sociocultural Model of Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating among Midlife Men	13
Gendered Division of Digital Labor in Parenting: A Qualitative Study in Urban China	13
Diverse Gender Identity Development: A Qualitative Synthesis and Development of a New Contemporary Framework	13
Collective Action on Behalf of Women: Testing the Conceptual Distinction Between Traditional Collective Action and Small Acts in College Women	13
Vagina, Pussy, Vulva, Vag: Women's Names for Their Genitals are Differentially Associated with Sexual and Health Outcomes	13
Gender Confirmation Work, Rest, and Symbolic Boundaries in (Trans)Gender Support Groups	13
Men’s Help-Seeking Willingness and Disclosure of Depression: Experimental Evidence for the Role of Pluralistic Ignorance	13
The Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. Computer Science Faculty’s Turnover Intentions: The Role of Gender	12
The Gendered Influence of Cross-Gender Friends on the Development of Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitudes	12
The Contribution of Gender Equality to the Coexistence of Progressive Abortion and Sexual Orientation Laws	12
Like Parent, like Child: General and Specific Associations Between Parents’ and Children’s Binary Gender Identity in a Gender Egalitarian Context	12
Traditionally and Narrowly Defined: Gender Portrayals in Television Programming Targeting Babies and Toddlers	12
Using Gender-Inclusive Restrooms Promotes Positive Attitudes Toward Trans and Non-Binary People: Explanations from Gender Salience and Intergroup Contact	11
Career Identities and Gender-STEM Stereotypes: When and Why Implicit Gender-STEM Associations Emerge and How They Affect Women’s College Major Choice	11
Riot Like a Girl? Gender-Stereotypical Associations Boost Support for Feminist Online Campaigns	11
Identifying Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Patterns and Co-occurrence of Post-Breakup Stalking Among South Korean Men	11
Gender Essentialist Beliefs Among Women Engineers in College: Variation by Race and Social Class and Implications for Inequality	11
Cisgender Women Underestimate Support for the Inclusion of Transgender Women in the Group ‘Women’: An Investigation of Norm Misperceptions	11
Comparison, Competition, and Consumption: The 3Cs of Contemporary Motherhood in the Context of Children’s Education	11
Assault Typologies of College Rape Victims: A Mixed Methods Investigation	11
Correction to: Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships	10
Male Victimhood Ideology Among Korean Men: Is It Economic Hardship or Perceived Status Decline?	10
Explaining Societal Shifts in Victim Blaming and Perpetrator Culpability for Sexual Violence: Evidence From the #MeToo Era	10
Identifying Pathways to the Incel Community and Where to Intervene: A Qualitative Study with Former Incels	10
It Takes Two to Tango: Links Between Traditional Beliefs About both Men’s and Women’s Gender Roles and Comfort Initiating Sex and Comfort Refusing Sex	10
Too Tired to Lean In? Sleep Quality Impacts Women’s Daily Intentions to Pursue Workplace Status	10
“A Recipe for Disaster?”: Female-Breadwinner Relationships Threaten Heterosexual Scripts	10
Caring or Competent? Apparent Prioritization of Childcare Over Work Affects Evaluations and Stereotyping of Fathers	10
Navigating Abortion Stigma: Abortion Identity Centrality, Stigma Management Strategies, and Psychological Outcomes	9
Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes Towards Women Drivers	9
The Unbearable Weight of Gender Inequalities: Development and Validation of the Social Treatment and Experiences of Women (STEW) Scale	9
Unmasking Street Harassment in Spain: Prevalence, Psychological Impact, and the Role of Sexism in Women’s Experiences	9
Changes in Sexual, Romantic, and Gender Identities Across the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study	9
Perceptions of Parental Responses to Gender Stereotype Violations in Children	9
Spatial Skills and Self-Perceived Masculinity: Considering College Major STEM-ness, Directionality, and Gender	9
“When It Fits Wrong, I’m So Self-Conscious I Want to Die!”: Women’s Experiences Wearing Plus-Size Exercise Clothing	9
Fiber Arts Require Spatial Skills: How a Stereotypically Feminine Practice Can Help Us Understand Spatial Skills and Improve Spatial Learning	9
My Body, My Choice? Examining the Distinct Profiles Underlying Attitudes Toward Abortion and COVID-19 Mandates	9
Women’s Engagement in Political Discussion on Twitter: The Role of Gender Salience, Resources, and Race/Ethnicity	8
Testing an Integrated Biopsychosocial Model of Adolescent Girls’ Body Shame: Considering the Role of Pubertal Development	8
Punishing Women for Miscarriage: The role of Political Orientation and Hostile Sexism	8
Do Virtual Environments Close the Gender Gap in Participation in Question-and-Answer Sessions at Academic Conferences? In Search of Moderation by Conference Format	8
People Overestimate Backlash Against Helpers Who Violate Gender Stereotypes: Experimental Examination of a Prosociality Paradox	8
Instrumentality Gives Girls the Edge: Gender-Differential Relations Between Instrumentality, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Esteem	8
Beyond the Barbell: Women in Strength-Based Sports and the Reshaping of Gender Norms	8

Flourishing in a Binary World: The Creation of Transgender Alternative Narratives	8
Revealing Gender Double Standards in the Parenthood Norm Depends on Question Order	8
Mean Girls in Disguise? Associations Between Vulnerable Narcissism and Perpetration of Bullying Among Women	8
The Sexual Objectification Experiences of Non-Binary People: Embodied Impacts and Acts of Resistance	8
Do Images Speak Louder Than Words? Effects of Body Positive and Fitspiration Quotes and Images on State Body Image in Women and Men	7
Workplace Experiences of Muslim Women in STEM in Canada: An Intersectional Qualitative Analysis	7
Bisexual Women’s Meaning Making of Same-Sex Performativity: Orientation Towards a Heteropatriarchal Context	7
Alcohol Use and Hostility Toward Women: Individual and Perceived Peer Attitudes Shape College Men's Consent Behavior	7
Recognizing Gender Harassment in the Workplace: A Qualitative Analysis	7
The Sex-Based Harassment Inventory: A Gender Status Threat Measure of Sex-Based Harassment Intentions	7
Picturing Sexual Agency: A Visual Content Analysis of Adults’ Sexual Stereotypes of Young Women	7
Same Place, Different Worlds: An Emergent Fit Analysis of the Experiences of Iranian Trans Women and Trans Men	7
Is Online Disinhibition Related to Cyberdating Abuse Perpetration through Moral Disengagement? The Moderating Role of Gender, Sexism, and Cybervictimization	7
Nonverbal Gendered Cues as Accurate Signals of Sexual Orientation	7
Accounting for First-Time Motherhood at Advanced Maternal Age: Risk, Temporality, and the Preservation of Stratified Reproduction	7
Is Marriage Associated With Decreases or Increases in Sexism?	7
Testing the Internal Consent Scale for Measurement Invariance Across Women and Men	7
Understanding Occupational Gender Segregation Through Students’ Program Choices and Career Interests	6
“It Literally Makes Me Feel Harder to Kill”: A Qualitative Study of the Perceived Benefits of Recreational Martial Arts Practice Among Women Sexual Assault Survivors	6
Macho or Nerd: Perceptions of Masculinity, Social Environment, and Science Capital Utilization Among Adolescent STEM Students	6
Feminism, Femininity, and Negative Embodiment: A Contemporary Meta-Analytic Test	6
Sexist Attitudes, Relationship Conflict and Satisfaction in Heterosexual Couples, and Men’s and Women’s Wellbeing	6
Devaluation of Women’s Sexual Pleasure: Role of Relationship Context and Endorsement of the Madonna-Whore Dichotomy	6
Blame of Rape Victims and Perpetrators in China: The Role of Gender, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Situational Factors	6
A Qualitative Analysis of the Fertility Experience and Gender Identity in Young Women Following Hysterectomy for Benign Disease	6
Correction to: Strategic Masculine Disinvestment: Understanding Contemporary Transformations of Masculinity and Their Psychosocial Implications	6
Like Father, Like Son: Empirical Insights into the Intergenerational Continuity of Masculinity Ideology	6
Unmasking Gender Dynamics in Grandparenting: Caregiving Gender-Role Attitudes and Children’s Social Adjustment Across Grandparent–Grandchild Gender Dyads	6
Effects of Gender-Fair Language on the Cognitive Representation of Women in Stereotypically Masculine Occupations and Occupational Self-Efficacy Among Primary School Girls and Boys	6
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow: Investigating Adolescent Body Hair Attitudes, Satisfaction, and Removal Practices	6
Gender Categorization and Stereotypes Beyond the Binary	6
Humorous Responses to Gender Injustice: The Contrasting Effects of Efficacy and Emotions on Women’s Collective Action Intentions	6
Women Experience More Intimate Partner Violence than Men over the Life Course: Evidence for Gender Asymmetry at all Ages in a National Sample	5
Standing Up to Sexism: Does Challenging Sexist Comments Have Transformational Benefits in How Women Value Themselves and Other Women?	5
Media Portrayals of Trans and Gender Diverse People: A Comparative Analysis of News Headlines Across Europe	5
Fleshing Out the Ways Masculinity Threat and Traditional Masculinity Ideology Relate to Meat-Eating and Environmental Attitudes in Australian Men	5
Acknowledging that Men are Moral and Harmed by Gender Stereotypes Increases Men’s Willingness to Engage in Collective Action on Behalf of Women	5
Prevalence and Motivations for Technology-facilitated Gender- and Sexuality-based Violence Among Adults: A Mixed-methods Study	5
Gender Stereotypes and Peer Selection in STEM Domains Among Children and Adolescents	5
Brilliance Beliefs, Not Mindsets, Explain Inverse Gender Gaps in Psychology and Philosophy	5
Sexual Harassment and Assault in Public Spaces: Individual Vulnerability and Contextual Risk Factors	5
Depictions of Gender Across Eight Decades of Disney Animated Film: The Role of Film Producer, Director, and Writer Gender	5
Women’s Well-Being Post-Partum: The Role of Self-Objectification and Self-Compassion	5
Effects of Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Racial Private Regard on Cognitive Inhibition in Black Women	5
“A Woman, With No Evidence, Can Send Any Man to Jail Whenever She Wants”: Men’s Rights Activists’ Digital Narratives of a Culture of False Rape Allegations	5
Effects of Minority Stress on Group Identification and Collective Action among Sexual Minorities: A Longitudinal Test of the Rejection-Identification Model	5
Appearance Satisfaction Among Adolescent Girls in Australia, China, India, and Iran: The Role of Perceived Actual-Ideal Discrepancies in Facial and Bodily Attributes	5
Doing and Redoing Emphasized Femininity: How Women Use Emotion Work to Manage Competing Expectations in College Hookup Culture	5
Dangerous Motivations: Understanding How Marginalization Relates to Benevolent Sexism Through Threat Perceptions	5
Outperformance-Related Discomfort: Another Factor in Women’s Under-Representation in STEM?	5
Evaluation of Women in Economics: Evidence of Gender Bias Following Behavioral Role Violations	5
Attitudes of U.S. Adults Towards Coercive Control as a Function of Victim and Perpetrator Gender and Respondent Sexual Orientation	5
Recent Increases in Vegetarianism may be Limited to Women: A 15-Year Study of Young Adults at an American University	5
Shifting Standards of Sexuality: An Intersectional Account of Men’s Objectification of Black and White Women	5
Context Matters: Differential Gendering of Physics in Arabic-speaking, Hebrew-speaking, and Single-Sex State Schools in Israel	5
Thank You for Sharing: Body-Positive and Humour Parody Images Increase Women’s Body Satisfaction and Predict Collective Action Intentions Via Gratitude	5
Cultural Beliefs About Manhood Predict Anti-LGBTQ+ Attitudes and Policies	5
Gendered Social Media Content Among Adolescent Boys and Girls: Findings From a Data Donation Linkage Study on Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat	5
Non-Binary Lives in Europe: Identity, Subjective Well-Being, and Democratic Satisfaction in a Changing Social Landscape	5
A Critical Review of Measures of Gender Equitable Attitudes: Recommendations for Conceptualization and Future Assessment	5
Women’s Humility and Men’s Lack of Hubris: Gender Biases in Self-Estimated Spatial Intelligence	5
Some Gender Stereotypes Persist in Filipino TV Ads: A Content Analytic Investigation of TV Advertising in 2010 and 2020	5
Maternal Employment Shapes Daughters’ Employment Stability in Egypt: Evidence for the Intergenerational Transmission of Labor Force Attachment	5
“I can't push off my own Mental Health”: Chilly STEM Climates, Mental Health, and STEM Persistence among Black, Latina, and White Graduate Women	5
Masculinity Matters for Meat Consumption: An Examination of Self-Rated Gender Typicality, Meat Consumption, and Veg*nism in Australian Men and Women	5
Ideological Beliefs and Internalized Beauty Ideals as Predictors of Aesthetic Labor Among Chinese Feminists	4
How Maternal Gatekeeping Relates to Parenting Stress: A Serial Mediation Model via Self‑Efficacy and Life Satisfaction	4
Beliefs About the Origins and Achievement of Gender Equality: A Qualitative Inquiry Among Adolescents Attending Elite Single-Sex Schools	4
Engagement in Pro-Choice Protests: The Role of Gender, Feminism, Gender Collective Self-Esteem, and Reactance Against Abortion Bans	4
Benevolent and Hostile Sexism in Endorsement of Heterosexist Marriage Traditions Among Adolescents and Adults	4
Mother’s Instinct? Biological Essentialism and Parents’ Involvement in Work and Childcare	4
Making Men of Steel: Superhero Exposure and the Development of Hegemonic Masculinity in Children	4
Correction to: Engagement in Pro-Choice Protests: The Role of Gender, Feminism, Gender Collective Self-Esteem, and Reactance Against Abortion Bans	4
Gendered Failures and Achievements in Women’s Experiences of Men’s Orgasms	4
Are Gender Differences in Vocational Interests Universal?: Moderating Effects of Cultural Dimensions	4
Strategic Masculine Disinvestment: Understanding Contemporary Transformations of Masculinity and Their Psychosocial Implications	4
Dashed Expectations and Unmet Desires of Belgian and German First-Time Fathers Regarding Their Engagement in Breadwinning and Childcare	4
Sex Wars and TERF Wars: The Divisiveness of Who is Included in Feminism	4
Gendered Impact of Caregiving Responsibilities on Tenure Track Faculty Parents’ Professional Lives	4
Young Men’s Perspectives on Menstruation in New York City: A Qualitative Assessment	4

Ethical Sexual Regret in Men: A Discourse Analysis	4
How Familism and Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Shape Attitudes Toward Legal Abortion Among Latinx and non-Latinx Adults in the United States	4
Nuanced Longitudinal Effects of Domains of Perceived Gender Similarity on Adolescent Peer Victimization	4
Coaching Support in Gender-Sensitive Training: A Study on the Coping Mechanisms of Female Athletes’ Menstrual Cycles	4
Prenatal Expectations and Postpartum Reality: How Gender Egalitarianism in Infant Care Division Shapes Parenting Stress and Relationship Functioning	4
An Intersectional Analysis of Women's Experiences of Inclusion in the United States Army	4
Gay and Straight Men Prefer Masculine-Presenting Gay Men for a High-Status Role: Evidence From an Ecologically Valid Experiment	4
Predictors of Transgender Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis	4
Protecting a Positive View of the Self: Female Gamers’ Strategic Self-Attribution of Stereotypes	4
Students’ Perceptions of Guilt, Responsibility, and Just Punishment When Accounts of Campus Sexual Assault Conflict	4
Conditional Parochial Vicarious Ostracism: Gender Collective Narcissism Predicts Distress at the Exclusion of the Gender Ingroup in Women and Men	4
Systemic Powers, Institutionalized Thinking and Situated Knowledge: A Qualitative Exploration on the Meanings of ‘Menstruation’ and ‘Menstrual Health’ in Spain	4
Correction to: Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes towards Women Drivers	3
Gender Inequality Lowers Educational Aspiration for Adolescent Boys and Girls: A Multi-Level and Longitudinal Study in China	3
Sexual Assault of a Rohingya Woman: Anti-Rohingya Statements Embolden Those High in Sexism to Report Anti-Victim and Pro-Perpetrator Reactions	3
Traditional Masculinity Ideology and Feminist Attitudes: The Role of Identity Foreclosure	3
Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Establishing Consent Among Chinese Men: The Detrimental Role of Token Resistance Beliefs and Binge Drinking	3
Narratives of Children’s Gender Socialization from Fathers Who Take Parental Leave in South Korea	3
The Role of Honor Concerns in Disclosing (vs. Hiding) COVID-19 Diagnosis: Insights from Türkiye	3
Who Are ‘They’? Gender-Neutral Pronoun Adoption by Non-Binary People and Other Gender Groups	3
Harder Won and Easier Lost? Testing the Double Standard in Gender Rules in 62 Countries	3
Are Feminists Empowered Activists or Entitled Whiners? A Thematic Analysis of U.S. Adolescents’ Definitions of “Feminist” in a Diverse, Mixed-Gender Sample	3
Gendered Mental Labor: A Systematic Literature Review on the Cognitive Dimension of Unpaid Work Within the Household and Childcare	3
Mr. Active and Little Miss Passive? The Transmission and Existence of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Books	3
Gender Bias in the Perception of Others’ Fatigue: Women Report More Fatigue Than Men But Have Their Fatigue Underestimated by Others	3
Kinkeeping Across Families: The Central Role of Mothers and Stepmothers in the Facilitation of Adult Intergenerational Ties	3
Married Mixed-gender Couples’ Midlife Employment and Later Life Well-being and Housework	3
Think Manager-Think Male Re-Examined: Race as a Moderator	3
Dropout Intentions of Soldiers in Mixed-Gender Combat Units: A Longitudinal Examination of the Integration Process	3
Children’s Accessible Gender Stereotypes About What Girls and Boys Approach, Avoid, and How They Are Similar and Different	3
Am I man Enough?: A Qualitative Study of African American Heterosexual Men’s Attitudes Toward Marriage	3
Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships	3
Emphasizing the Communal Demands of a Leader Role Makes Job Interviews Less Stressful for Women But Not More Successful	3
Socialization of Gender Public Regard: Family Conversations, Practices and Routines	3
It’s on Victims: A Critical Discourse Analysis of U.S. College Sexual Assault Risk Reduction Strategies	3
Exposure to Feminist Humor and the Proclivity to Collective Action for Gender Equality: The Role of Message Format and Feminist Identification	3
Beyond Yes and No: Discursive Constructions of Grey Area and Sexual Boundaries in Women’s Lives in Slovakia	3
Cover Up That “Baby Bump”: Displaying the Pregnant Body Undermines Women’s Perceived Humanness	3
Numbers for Boys and Words for Girls? Academic Gender Stereotypes among Chinese Parents	3
Self-Defense as an Effective and Neglected Form of Sexual Assault Prevention: A Commentary and Overdue Correction to the Literature	3
The Stigma of Alcohol Use Among Young Women in a Mediterranean Drinking Culture: A Qualitative Study	3