Sex Roles

Article	Citations
Mind the Gap: Gender, Racial, and Educational Differences in American Gender Attitudes from 1977 to 2018	79
“Protect Our Women…From the Immigrants!?”: The Association Between Sexism, Xenophobia, and the Perception of Sexual Street Harassment From In-Group Versus Out-Group Men	69
“There’s No Sewing Classes, There’s No Bedazzling Seminars”: The Impact of Masculinity on Social Connectedness and Mental Health for Men Living in Inner-Regional Australia	57
Tech-Savvy Men and Caring Women: Middle School Students’ Gender Stereotypes Predict Interest in Tech-Education	47
“Sport Belongs to Everyone… But Not During Pregnancy”: Views of Finnish Sport Stakeholders on Pregnancy in Sport	38
The Gendered Resource Dilution: Sibling Structure, Parental Non-Monetary Investment, and Child Housework Labor in China	36
Unmarried Black Women’s Sexual Socialization: The Role of Dating, Motherhood, and Intimate Partner Violence Across Media Types	33
It’s Not Fine Online: Assessing the Emotional Consequences of Online Sexual Objectification and its Effect on Behaviour	32
“Even Here”: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Gender Bias Incidents at a Selective Liberal Arts College	26
Associations Between Women’s and Men’s Conformity to Gender Norms and Bystander Intervention to Disrupt Sexual Assault	24
Feminist Beliefs, Not Gender Equality Primes, Shape Self-Reported Partner Preferences	23
Development and Validation of the Ambivalent Homoprejudice Toward Lesbian Women at Work Scale	21
Gender, Self-Stereotyping, and Life Goals Predict Career Interest in Germany, Nigeria, and Turkey	20
Correction to: Children’s Evaluations of Gender Non-Conforming Peers	20
Motor Skill Learning in Iranian Girls: Effects of a Relatively Long Induction of Gender Stereotypes	20
Effectiveness of Interventions for Transgender Prejudice Reduction: A Meta-Analysis	20
Sociocultural Messages about Gender Dysphoria (Dis)Align with the Lived Experiences of Trans and Nonbinary Individuals: A Qualitative Study	20
The Precarity of Progress: Implications of a Shifting Gendered Division of Labor for Relationships and Well-Being as a Function of Country-Level Gender Equality	20
“It Wasn’t Meant for Gays”: Lesbian Women’s and Gay Men’s Reactions to the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory	19
Perceptions of Trans Dating and Romantic Partners: The Role of Gender and Transphobia	18
Vagina, Pussy, Vulva, Vag: Women's Names for Their Genitals are Differentially Associated with Sexual and Health Outcomes	17
Men’s Help-Seeking Willingness and Disclosure of Depression: Experimental Evidence for the Role of Pluralistic Ignorance	17
Transgender Knowledge Mediates U.S. Political Differences in Prejudice and Support for Trans-inclusive Policies	16
Achieving Equality or Persisting Inequality: Effects of Framing of Equality on Attitudes Toward Women and Gender Equality Through Identity Threat and Cognitive Unfreezing	16
Masculinity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Mixed Gender Canadian Youth	16

Gender Confirmation Work, Rest, and Symbolic Boundaries in (Trans)Gender Support Groups	15
Diverse Gender Identity Development: A Qualitative Synthesis and Development of a New Contemporary Framework	15
An Adapted Sociocultural Model of Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating Among Midlife Men	15
Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Transnormativity in the Association Between Gender Dysphoria and Psychological Distress	15
Masculinity and Condom Use: Using a Rejection Sensitivity Framework to Understand Women’s Condom Negotiation in Mixed-Gender Sexual Encounters	15
“A Fire in my Belly:” Conceptualizing U.S. Women’s Experiences of “Mom Rage”	14
Using Gender-Inclusive Restrooms Promotes Positive Attitudes Toward Trans and Non-Binary People: Explanations from Gender Salience and Intergroup Contact	14
Gender Essentialist Beliefs Among Women Engineers in College: Variation by Race and Social Class and Implications for Inequality	14
Identifying Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Patterns and Co-occurrence of Post-Breakup Stalking Among South Korean Men	14
Cloaked in Kindness: Bystander Responses to Witnessed Benevolent and Hostile Sexism	14
The Gendered Influence of Cross-Gender Friends on the Development of Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitudes	14
Comparison, Competition, and Consumption: The 3Cs of Contemporary Motherhood in the Context of Children’s Education	13
Correction to: An Adapted Sociocultural Model of Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating among Midlife Men	13
The Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. Computer Science Faculty’s Turnover Intentions: The Role of Gender	13
Assault Typologies of College Rape Victims: A Mixed Methods Investigation	13
Like Parent, like Child: General and Specific Associations Between Parents’ and Children’s Binary Gender Identity in a Gender Egalitarian Context	13
Career Identities and Gender-STEM Stereotypes: When and Why Implicit Gender-STEM Associations Emerge and How They Affect Women’s College Major Choice	13
Riot Like a Girl? Gender-Stereotypical Associations Boost Support for Feminist Online Campaigns	12
“A Recipe for Disaster?”: Female-Breadwinner Relationships Threaten Heterosexual Scripts	12
It Takes Two to Tango: Links Between Traditional Beliefs About both Men’s and Women’s Gender Roles and Comfort Initiating Sex and Comfort Refusing Sex	12
Male Victimhood Ideology Among Korean Men: Is It Economic Hardship or Perceived Status Decline?	12
Cisgender Women Underestimate Support for the Inclusion of Transgender Women in the Group ‘Women’: An Investigation of Norm Misperceptions	12
Explaining Societal Shifts in Victim Blaming and Perpetrator Culpability for Sexual Violence: Evidence From the #MeToo Era	12
Spatial Skills and Self-Perceived Masculinity: Considering College Major STEM-ness, Directionality, and Gender	11
The Unbearable Weight of Gender Inequalities: Development and Validation of the Social Treatment and Experiences of Women (STEW) Scale	11
Navigating Abortion Stigma: Abortion Identity Centrality, Stigma Management Strategies, and Psychological Outcomes	11
Identifying Pathways to the Incel Community and Where to Intervene: A Qualitative Study with Former Incels	11
Changes in Sexual, Romantic, and Gender Identities Across the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study	11
Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes Towards Women Drivers	11
Do Virtual Environments Close the Gender Gap in Participation in Question-and-Answer Sessions at Academic Conferences? In Search of Moderation by Conference Format	11
Caring or Competent? Apparent Prioritization of Childcare Over Work Affects Evaluations and Stereotyping of Fathers	11
My Body, My Choice? Examining the Distinct Profiles Underlying Attitudes Toward Abortion and COVID-19 Mandates	11
The Sexual Objectification Experiences of Non-Binary People: Embodied Impacts and Acts of Resistance	11
Unmasking Street Harassment in Spain: Prevalence, Psychological Impact, and the Role of Sexism in Women’s Experiences	10
Fiber Arts Require Spatial Skills: How a Stereotypically Feminine Practice Can Help Us Understand Spatial Skills and Improve Spatial Learning	10
Too Tired to Lean In? Sleep Quality Impacts Women’s Daily Intentions to Pursue Workplace Status	10
Beyond the Barbell: Women in Strength-Based Sports and the Reshaping of Gender Norms	10
Evolving Masculinity Norms Shape Men’s Willingness to Intervene in Workplace Sexual Harassment	10
Correction to: Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships	10
People Overestimate Backlash Against Helpers Who Violate Gender Stereotypes: Experimental Examination of a Prosociality Paradox	10
Perceptions of Parental Responses to Gender Stereotype Violations in Children	10
“When It Fits Wrong, I’m So Self-Conscious I Want to Die!”: Women’s Experiences Wearing Plus-Size Exercise Clothing	10
Testing an Integrated Biopsychosocial Model of Adolescent Girls’ Body Shame: Considering the Role of Pubertal Development	9
Punishing Women for Miscarriage: The role of Political Orientation and Hostile Sexism	9
Flourishing in a Binary World: The Creation of Transgender Alternative Narratives	9
The Sex-Based Harassment Inventory: A Gender Status Threat Measure of Sex-Based Harassment Intentions	9
Mean Girls in Disguise? Associations Between Vulnerable Narcissism and Perpetration of Bullying Among Women	9
Accounting for First-Time Motherhood at Advanced Maternal Age: Risk, Temporality, and the Preservation of Stratified Reproduction	9
Do Images Speak Louder Than Words? Effects of Body Positive and Fitspiration Quotes and Images on State Body Image in Women and Men	9
Is Online Disinhibition Related to Cyberdating Abuse Perpetration through Moral Disengagement? The Moderating Role of Gender, Sexism, and Cybervictimization	9

Recognizing Gender Harassment in the Workplace: A Qualitative Analysis	9
Workplace Experiences of Muslim Women in STEM in Canada: An Intersectional Qualitative Analysis	9
Nonverbal Gendered Cues as Accurate Signals of Sexual Orientation	9
Same Place, Different Worlds: An Emergent Fit Analysis of the Experiences of Iranian Trans Women and Trans Men	8
Built to Exclude: How Masculinity Contest Culture Undermines Women’s Fit, Engagement, and Retention	8
Alcohol Use and Hostility Toward Women: Individual and Perceived Peer Attitudes Shape College Men's Consent Behavior	8
Testing the Internal Consent Scale for Measurement Invariance Across Women and Men	8
Women’s Engagement in Political Discussion on Twitter: The Role of Gender Salience, Resources, and Race/Ethnicity	8
Like Father, Like Son: Empirical Insights into the Intergenerational Continuity of Masculinity Ideology	7
Blame of Rape Victims and Perpetrators in China: The Role of Gender, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Situational Factors	7
Understanding Occupational Gender Segregation Through Students’ Program Choices and Career Interests	7
“It Literally Makes Me Feel Harder to Kill”: A Qualitative Study of the Perceived Benefits of Recreational Martial Arts Practice Among Women Sexual Assault Survivors	7
Unmasking Gender Dynamics in Grandparenting: Caregiving Gender-Role Attitudes and Children’s Social Adjustment Across Grandparent–Grandchild Gender Dyads	7
Bisexual Women’s Meaning Making of Same-Sex Performativity: Orientation Towards a Heteropatriarchal Context	7
Macho or Nerd: Perceptions of Masculinity, Social Environment, and Science Capital Utilization Among Adolescent STEM Students	7
Gender Categorization and Stereotypes Beyond the Binary	7
Is Marriage Associated With Decreases or Increases in Sexism?	7
Picturing Sexual Agency: A Visual Content Analysis of Adults’ Sexual Stereotypes of Young Women	7
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow: Investigating Adolescent Body Hair Attitudes, Satisfaction, and Removal Practices	7
Effects of Gender-Fair Language on the Cognitive Representation of Women in Stereotypically Masculine Occupations and Occupational Self-Efficacy Among Primary School Girls and Boys	7
Feminism, Femininity, and Negative Embodiment: A Contemporary Meta-Analytic Test	7
Devaluation of Women’s Sexual Pleasure: Role of Relationship Context and Endorsement of the Madonna-Whore Dichotomy	7
A Critical Review of Measures of Gender Equitable Attitudes: Recommendations for Conceptualization and Future Assessment	6
Non-Binary Lives in Europe: Identity, Subjective Well-Being, and Democratic Satisfaction in a Changing Social Landscape	6
Dangerous Motivations: Understanding How Marginalization Relates to Benevolent Sexism Through Threat Perceptions	6
Effects of Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Racial Private Regard on Cognitive Inhibition in Black Women	6
Effects of Minority Stress on Group Identification and Collective Action among Sexual Minorities: A Longitudinal Test of the Rejection-Identification Model	6
Some Gender Stereotypes Persist in Filipino TV Ads: A Content Analytic Investigation of TV Advertising in 2010 and 2020	6
Are White Men Missing Out?: Differences in Friendship Closeness by Gender and Ethnoracial Identity	6
Acknowledging that Men are Moral and Harmed by Gender Stereotypes Increases Men’s Willingness to Engage in Collective Action on Behalf of Women	6
Correction to: Strategic Masculine Disinvestment: Understanding Contemporary Transformations of Masculinity and Their Psychosocial Implications	6
Fleshing Out the Ways Masculinity Threat and Traditional Masculinity Ideology Relate to Meat-Eating and Environmental Attitudes in Australian Men	6
Cultural Beliefs About Manhood Predict Anti-LGBTQ+ Attitudes and Policies	6
Media Portrayals of Trans and Gender Diverse People: A Comparative Analysis of News Headlines Across Europe	6
Not All Math Activities Are Equal in Terms of Gender Stereotypes	6
A Qualitative Analysis of the Fertility Experience and Gender Identity in Young Women Following Hysterectomy for Benign Disease	6
Humorous Responses to Gender Injustice: The Contrasting Effects of Efficacy and Emotions on Women’s Collective Action Intentions	6
Sexist Attitudes, Relationship Conflict and Satisfaction in Heterosexual Couples, and Men’s and Women’s Wellbeing	6
Appearance Satisfaction Among Adolescent Girls in Australia, China, India, and Iran: The Role of Perceived Actual-Ideal Discrepancies in Facial and Bodily Attributes	6
Outperformance-Related Discomfort: Another Factor in Women’s Under-Representation in STEM?	6
Thank You for Sharing: Body-Positive and Humour Parody Images Increase Women’s Body Satisfaction and Predict Collective Action Intentions Via Gratitude	6
Gendered Social Media Content Among Adolescent Boys and Girls: Findings From a Data Donation Linkage Study on Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat	6
Beliefs About the Origins and Achievement of Gender Equality: A Qualitative Inquiry Among Adolescents Attending Elite Single-Sex Schools	5
Making Men of Steel: Superhero Exposure and the Development of Hegemonic Masculinity in Children	5
Predictors of Transgender Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis	5
How Maternal Gatekeeping Relates to Parenting Stress: A Serial Mediation Model via Self‑Efficacy and Life Satisfaction	5
Attitudes of U.S. Adults Towards Coercive Control as a Function of Victim and Perpetrator Gender and Respondent Sexual Orientation	5
Benevolent and Hostile Sexism in Endorsement of Heterosexist Marriage Traditions Among Adolescents and Adults	5
Standing Up to Sexism: Does Challenging Sexist Comments Have Transformational Benefits in How Women Value Themselves and Other Women?	5
Context Matters: Differential Gendering of Physics in Arabic-speaking, Hebrew-speaking, and Single-Sex State Schools in Israel	5
Shifting Standards of Sexuality: An Intersectional Account of Men’s Objectification of Black and White Women	5
The Power of Peers: Children’s Gender-Based Peer Interactions and Cognitions Contribute to Changes in Felt Gender Similarity Over Time	5
Recent Increases in Vegetarianism may be Limited to Women: A 15-Year Study of Young Adults at an American University	5
Gendered Impact of Caregiving Responsibilities on Tenure Track Faculty Parents’ Professional Lives	5
Protecting a Positive View of the Self: Female Gamers’ Strategic Self-Attribution of Stereotypes	5
Prenatal Expectations and Postpartum Reality: How Gender Egalitarianism in Infant Care Division Shapes Parenting Stress and Relationship Functioning	5
Sex Wars and TERF Wars: The Divisiveness of Who is Included in Feminism	5
Maternal Employment Shapes Daughters’ Employment Stability in Egypt: Evidence for the Intergenerational Transmission of Labor Force Attachment	5
Women Experience More Intimate Partner Violence than Men over the Life Course: Evidence for Gender Asymmetry at all Ages in a National Sample	5
Prevalence and Motivations for Technology-facilitated Gender- and Sexuality-based Violence Among Adults: A Mixed-methods Study	5
Sexual Harassment and Assault in Public Spaces: Individual Vulnerability and Contextual Risk Factors	5
Evaluation of Women in Economics: Evidence of Gender Bias Following Behavioral Role Violations	5
An Intersectional Analysis of Women's Experiences of Inclusion in the United States Army	5
Coaching Support in Gender-Sensitive Training: A Study on the Coping Mechanisms of Female Athletes’ Menstrual Cycles	5
Young Men’s Perspectives on Menstruation in New York City: A Qualitative Assessment	5
Strategic Masculine Disinvestment: Understanding Contemporary Transformations of Masculinity and Their Psychosocial Implications	5
Dashed Expectations and Unmet Desires of Belgian and German First-Time Fathers Regarding Their Engagement in Breadwinning and Childcare	5
Engagement in Pro-Choice Protests: The Role of Gender, Feminism, Gender Collective Self-Esteem, and Reactance Against Abortion Bans	5
Women’s Humility and Men’s Lack of Hubris: Gender Biases in Self-Estimated Spatial Intelligence	5
Brilliance Beliefs, Not Mindsets, Explain Inverse Gender Gaps in Psychology and Philosophy	5
Women’s Well-Being Post-Partum: The Role of Self-Objectification and Self-Compassion	5
Gender Stereotypes and Peer Selection in STEM Domains Among Children and Adolescents	5
Masculinity Matters for Meat Consumption: An Examination of Self-Rated Gender Typicality, Meat Consumption, and Veg*nism in Australian Men and Women	5
“A Woman, With No Evidence, Can Send Any Man to Jail Whenever She Wants”: Men’s Rights Activists’ Digital Narratives of a Culture of False Rape Allegations	5
Gay and Straight Men Prefer Masculine-Presenting Gay Men for a High-Status Role: Evidence From an Ecologically Valid Experiment	5
Mother’s Instinct? Biological Essentialism and Parents’ Involvement in Work and Childcare	5
Kinkeeping Across Families: The Central Role of Mothers and Stepmothers in the Facilitation of Adult Intergenerational Ties	4
Beyond Yes and No: Discursive Constructions of Grey Area and Sexual Boundaries in Women’s Lives in Slovakia	4
Exposure to Feminist Humor and the Proclivity to Collective Action for Gender Equality: The Role of Message Format and Feminist Identification	4
Conditional Parochial Vicarious Ostracism: Gender Collective Narcissism Predicts Distress at the Exclusion of the Gender Ingroup in Women and Men	4

Are Gender Differences in Vocational Interests Universal?: Moderating Effects of Cultural Dimensions	4
Ethical Sexual Regret in Men: A Discourse Analysis	4
Narratives of Children’s Gender Socialization from Fathers Who Take Parental Leave in South Korea	4
Correction to: Engagement in Pro-Choice Protests: The Role of Gender, Feminism, Gender Collective Self-Esteem, and Reactance Against Abortion Bans	4
Rethinking Sexual Consent Myths: Development and Validation of the Sexual Consent Myths Scale (Sex-M)	4
Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Establishing Consent Among Chinese Men: The Detrimental Role of Token Resistance Beliefs and Binge Drinking	4
Ideological Beliefs and Internalized Beauty Ideals as Predictors of Aesthetic Labor Among Chinese Feminists	4
The Role of Power, Social Dominance Orientation, and Masculinity in Shaping Endorsement of Prescriptive Beauty Norms	4
How Familism and Hostile and Benevolent Sexism Shape Attitudes Toward Legal Abortion Among Latinx and non-Latinx Adults in the United States	4
The Role of Honor Concerns in Disclosing (vs. Hiding) COVID-19 Diagnosis: Insights from Türkiye	4
Think Manager-Think Male Re-Examined: Race as a Moderator	4
Gendered Failures and Achievements in Women’s Experiences of Men’s Orgasms	4
Students’ Perceptions of Guilt, Responsibility, and Just Punishment When Accounts of Campus Sexual Assault Conflict	4
Nuanced Longitudinal Effects of Domains of Perceived Gender Similarity on Adolescent Peer Victimization	4
Systemic Powers, Institutionalized Thinking and Situated Knowledge: A Qualitative Exploration on the Meanings of ‘Menstruation’ and ‘Menstrual Health’ in Spain	4
Married Mixed-gender Couples’ Midlife Employment and Later Life Well-being and Housework	4
Sexual Aggression among Women and Men in an Iranian Sample: Prevalence and Correlates	3
Am I man Enough?: A Qualitative Study of African American Heterosexual Men’s Attitudes Toward Marriage	3
Correction to: Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes towards Women Drivers	3
Traditional Masculinity Ideology and Feminist Attitudes: The Role of Identity Foreclosure	3
Socialization of Gender Public Regard: Family Conversations, Practices and Routines	3
Stereotypes About Who is Affected by Eating Disorders Disadvantage Risk Perception for Black Girls and Women	3
Dropout Intentions of Soldiers in Mixed-Gender Combat Units: A Longitudinal Examination of the Integration Process	3
Sisters in Arms: Lowering Rape Myth Acceptance in a Hypermasculine Environment	3
Hegemonic Masculinity and Mental Health Among Older White Men in the U.S.: The Role of Health and Wealth Decline	3
Undoing Gendered Identities? Centrality and Meanings of Parental and Work Identities in Semi-Traditional, Equal-Sharing and Role-Reversed Couples	3
It Depends! Contextual Variability in Feminist Identity Disclosure Among Binary and Nonbinary Individuals	3
The Gender Gap in Environmental Concern: Support for an Ecofeminist Perspective and the Role of Gender Egalitarian Attitudes	3
Understanding Perceptions of Gender Non-Binary People: Consensual and Unique Stereotypes and Prejudice	3
Gendered Mental Labor: A Systematic Literature Review on the Cognitive Dimension of Unpaid Work Within the Household and Childcare	3
The Stigma of Alcohol Use Among Young Women in a Mediterranean Drinking Culture: A Qualitative Study	3
Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships	3
Numbers for Boys and Words for Girls? Academic Gender Stereotypes among Chinese Parents	3
Sexual Assault of a Rohingya Woman: Anti-Rohingya Statements Embolden Those High in Sexism to Report Anti-Victim and Pro-Perpetrator Reactions	3
Adolescents’ Advanced STEM Course Intentions: Predictors and Reasoning	3
Harder Won and Easier Lost? Testing the Double Standard in Gender Rules in 62 Countries	3
Body Shame in 7–12-Year-Old Girls and Boys: The Role of Parental Attention to Children’s Appearance	3
Mr. Active and Little Miss Passive? The Transmission and Existence of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Books	3
Growing Up Too “Fast”: Black Girls’ Sexual Development	3
Gender and National Collective Narcissism: Gender Asymmetries and Obstacles to Gender Equality	3
Do I Say or Let it Go? Emotions Predict How People Respond to Receiving Sexual Objectification at Work	3
PTSD and Complex PTSD Symptoms among Israeli Women Veterans: Role of Conformity to Masculine Norms and Coping Strategies	3
Emphasizing the Communal Demands of a Leader Role Makes Job Interviews Less Stressful for Women But Not More Successful	3
Children’s Accessible Gender Stereotypes About What Girls and Boys Approach, Avoid, and How They Are Similar and Different	3
Who Are ‘They’? Gender-Neutral Pronoun Adoption by Non-Binary People and Other Gender Groups	3
Cover Up That “Baby Bump”: Displaying the Pregnant Body Undermines Women’s Perceived Humanness	3
It’s on Victims: A Critical Discourse Analysis of U.S. College Sexual Assault Risk Reduction Strategies	3
Comparisons of Health-Related Quality of Life among Users of Different Types of Menstrual Products: A Study of Taiwanese University Students	3
Gender Bias in the Perception of Others’ Fatigue: Women Report More Fatigue Than Men But Have Their Fatigue Underestimated by Others	3
Mothers’ Domestic Responsibilities and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Moderating Role of Gender Essentialist Beliefs About Parenthood	3
Not All of Me Is Welcome Here: The Experiences of Trans and Gender Expansive Employees of Color in the U.S.	3
“They Want a Porn Star that Has Never Watched Porn”: Double Binds and Standards in Young Women’s Talk about Heterosex	3
“Their Great Shame is Poverty”: Women Portrayed as Among the “Undeserving Poor” are Seen as Deserving Sexual Assault	3