Sex Roles

Article	Citations
Teen Girls’ Experiences Negotiating the Ubiquitous Dick Pic: Sexual Double Standards and the Normalization of Image Based Sexual Harassment	37
“I Think Most of Society Hates Us”: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Interviews with Incels	34
“I can't push off my own Mental Health”: Chilly STEM Climates, Mental Health, and STEM Persistence among Black, Latina, and White Graduate Women	31
Why Can’t You Just Pick One? The Stigmatization of Non-binary/Genderqueer People by Cis and Trans Men and Women: An Empirical Test of Norm-Centered Stigma Theory	27
Selfie Editing and Consideration of Cosmetic Surgery Among Young Chinese Women: The Role of Self-Objectification and Facial Dissatisfaction	25
In Their Own Words: The Meaning of the Strong Black Woman Schema among Black U.S. College Women	24
“Talk about Bodies”: Recommendations for Using Transgender-Inclusive Language in Sex Education Curricula	23
Gendered Racism and Mental Health among Young Adult U.S. Black Women: The Moderating Roles of Gendered Racial Identity Centrality and Identity Shifting	23
Body Image Comparisons on Social Networking Sites and Chinese Female College Students’ Restrained Eating: The Roles of Body Shame, Body Appreciation, and Body Mass Index	22
What Predicts Attitudes toward Transgender and Nonbinary People? An Exploration of Gender, Authoritarianism, Social Dominance, and Gender Ideology	21
Reducing Transgender Stigma via an E-contact Intervention	20
Male, National, and Religious Collective Narcissism Predict Sexism	19
No Room of her Own: Married Couples’ Negotiation of Workspace at Home During COVID-19	19
Teaching College in the Time of COVID-19: Gender and Race Differences in Faculty Emotional Labor	19
Media-Induced Sexual Harassment: The Routes from Sexually Objectifying Media to Sexual Harassment	18
Sexism and the Effectiveness of Femvertising in China: A Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective	18
More than the Sum of Its Parts: Intersections of Sexual Orientation and Race as They Influence Perceptions of Group Similarity and Stereotype Content	17
Evidence for a Comprehensive Sexuality Education Intervention that Enhances Chinese Adolescents’ Sexual Knowledge and Gender Awareness and Empowers Young Women	17
“We’re Continually Comparing Ourselves to Something”: Navigating Body Image, Media, and Social Media Ideals at the Nexus of Appearance, Health, and Wellness	17
Measurement of Feminist Identity and Attitudes Over the Past Half Century: A Critical Review and Call for Further Research	17
Sexy, Thin, and White: The Intersection of Sexualization, Body Type, and Race on Stereotypes about Women	15
Variation in Masculinities and Fathering Behaviors: A Cross-National Comparison of the United States and Canada	15
School Connectedness and STEM Orientation in Adolescent Girls: The Role of Perceived Gender Discrimination and Implicit Gender-Science Stereotypes	15
Harder Won and Easier Lost? Testing the Double Standard in Gender Rules in 62 Countries	15
Felt Pressure to Conform to Cultural Gender Roles: Correlates and Consequences	14

Food for Boys and Food for Girls: Do Preschool Children Hold Gender Stereotypes about Food?	14
Sexual Consent: How Relationships, Gender, and Sexual Self-Disclosure Affect Signaling and Interpreting Cues for Sexual Consent in a Hypothetical Heterosexual Sexual Situation	13
Anti-Sexual Assault Activism and Positive Psychological Functioning among Survivors	13
Resource Transmission is not Reciprocal: A Dyadic Analysis of Family Support, Work-Life Balance, and Life Satisfaction in Dual-Earner Parents with Adolescent Children	13
Gendered Division of Digital Labor in Parenting: A Qualitative Study in Urban China	13
Does Sex Really Sell? Paradoxical Effects of Sexualization in Advertising on Product Attractiveness and Purchase Intentions	13
Affirmative Action Policies in Academic Job Advertisements: Do They Facilitate or Hinder Gender Discrimination in Hiring Processes for Professorships?	13
An Intersectional Approach to the Glass Ceiling: Gender, Race and Share of Middle and Senior Management in U.S. Workplaces	13
Interpersonal Sexual Objectification, Fear of Rape, and U.S. College Women’s Depression	13
Perceived Humanization by Intimate Partners during Pregnancy Is Associated with fewer Depressive Symptoms, Less Body Dissatisfaction, and Greater Sexual Satisfaction through Reduced Self-Objectificati	12
Allies Against Sexism: The Impact of Men’s Egalitarian Versus Paternalistic Confrontation on Women’s Empowerment and Well-Being	12
Orgasm Frequency Predicts Desire and Expectation for Orgasm: Assessing the Orgasm Gap within Mixed-Sex Couples	12
Dressing up with Disney and Make-Believe with Marvel: The Impact of Gendered Costumes on Gender Typing, Prosocial Behavior, and Perseverance during Early Childhood	12
Joking for Gender Equality: Subversive Humor Against Sexism Motivates Collective Action in Men and Women with Weaker Feminist Identity	12
The Biological Clock: Age, Risk, and the Biopolitics of Reproductive Time	12
Masculinity Matters for Meat Consumption: An Examination of Self-Rated Gender Typicality, Meat Consumption, and Veg*nism in Australian Men and Women	12
The Curvy Ideal Silhouette Scale: Measuring Cultural Differences in the Body Shape Ideals of Young U.S. Women	12
She Needs to See it to be it: The Importance of Same-Gender Athletic Role Models	12
How We See Us: An Examination of Factors Shaping the Appraisal of Stereotypical Media Images of Black Women among Black Adolescent Girls	12
Moving Beyond Access: Predictors of Maternity and Paternity Leave Duration in the United States	11
Mothers’ Domestic Responsibilities and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Moderating Role of Gender Essentialist Beliefs About Parenthood	11
Socialisation Influences on Gender Ideologies of Immigrant and Native Youth in Germany, England, Sweden and the Netherlands	11
When Gender Matters in Scientific Communication: The Role of Generic Language	10
Changes in Female Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Students: A 20-Year Perspective	10
Men’s Discomfort and Anticipated Sexual Misclassification Due to Counter-Stereotypical Behaviors: the Interplay between Traditional Masculinity Norms and Perceived Men’s Femininization	10
Confusing Stalking for Romance: Examining the Labeling and Acceptability of Men’s (Cyber)Stalking of Women	10
The Sexual Objectification and Alcohol Use Link: The Mediating Roles of Self-Objectification, Enjoyment of Sexualization, Body Shame, and Drinking Motives	10
Making Men of Steel: Superhero Exposure and the Development of Hegemonic Masculinity in Children	9
Is a Reasonable Woman Different from a Reasonable Person? Gender Differences in Perceived Sexual Harassment	9
Predicting Adolescents’ Self-Objectification from Sexualized Video Game and Instagram Use: A Longitudinal Study	9
“A Dad Can Get the Money and the Mom Stays at Home”: Patriarchal Gender Role Attitudes, Intimate Partner Violence, Historical Oppression, and Resilience Among Indigenous Peoples	9
To Venture or Not to Venture? Gender Stereotyping and Women’s Entrepreneurial Aspirations	9
Evaluation of Women in Economics: Evidence of Gender Bias Following Behavioral Role Violations	8
Blame of Rape Victims and Perpetrators in China: The Role of Gender, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Situational Factors	8
Postnatal Depression: The Role of “Good Mother” Ideals and Maternal Shame in a Community Sample of Mothers in Australia	8
Gendered Mental Labor: A Systematic Literature Review on the Cognitive Dimension of Unpaid Work Within the Household and Childcare	8
Confronting Sexism: Promoting Confrontation Acceptance and Reducing Stereotyping through Stereotype Framing	8
Contextual Effects on the Gendered Division of Housework: A Cross-Country and Cross-Time Analysis	8
Strong Hero or Violent Playboy? Portrayals of Masculinity in Children’s Animated Movies	8
Gender Differences in Anti-Gay Prejudice: Evidence for Stability and Change	8
Making Merit Work at the Entrance to the Engineering Workforce: Examining Women’s Experiences and Variations by Race/Ethnicity	8
Mothering Ideology: A Qualitative Exploration of Mothers’ Perceptions of Navigating Motherhood Pressures and Partner Relationships	7
Effects of Minority Stress on Group Identification and Collective Action among Sexual Minorities: A Longitudinal Test of the Rejection-Identification Model	7
Mothers’ Gender Beliefs Matter for Adolescents’ Academic Achievement and Engagement: An Examination of Ethnically Diverse U.S. Mothers and Adolescents	7
Is Self-Employment a Good Option? Gender, Parents and the Work-Family Interface	7
Gender Differences in Remembering about Things to Do Depend on Partnership Status	7
Women’s Use of and Access to Illicit Cannabis: An Investigation of Gendered Norms among College Students in Canada	7
Assessing the Rising Emphasis on Muscularity for Women: Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Female Muscularity Scale	7
Depictions of Gender Across Eight Decades of Disney Animated Film: The Role of Film Producer, Director, and Writer Gender	6
Gender Stereotypes and Peer Selection in STEM Domains Among Children and Adolescents	6

Embodied, Situated, and Co-Constructed: Young Sexual Minority Men’s Experiences of Intersectional Identity and Minority Stress	6
The Relational Burden of Objectification: Exploring How Past Experiences of Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Are Related to Relationship Competencies	6
The Gendered Brain: Implications of Exposure to Neuroscience Research for Gender Essentialist Beliefs	6
Outperforming iBodies: A Conceptual Framework Integrating Body Performance Self-Tracking Technologies with Body Image and Eating Concerns	6
Impulsivity, Binegativity, Drinking to Cope, and Alcohol-related Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Model Among Bisexual Women	6
Who is Responsible for Remembering? Everyday Prospective Memory Demands in Parenthood	6
Gendered Racial Stereotypes and Coaching Intercollegiate Athletic Teams: The Representation of Black and Asian Women Coaches on U.S. Women’s and Men’s Teams	6
Educating Teenage Boys About Consent: The Law and Affirmative Consent in Boys’ Socio-Sexual Cultures and Subjectivities	6
Dedicated to Nation but Against Women? National Narcissism Predicts Support for Anti-Abortion Laws in Poland	6
Make it Safe at Night or Teach Women to Fight? Sexism Predicts Views on Men’s and Women’s Responsibility to Reduce Men’s Violence Toward Women	6
How Female Disclosure Recipients React to Women Survivors: The Impact of Rape Acknowledgment and Rejection of Rape Myths	5
Gender and Emotions at Work: Organizational Rank Has Greater Emotional Benefits for Men than Women	5
The G-NORM Scale: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Gender Norms Scale	5
The Contribution of Gender Equality to the Coexistence of Progressive Abortion and Sexual Orientation Laws	5
Predictors of Transgender Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis	5
Does Thor ask Iron Man for Help? Examining Help-Seeking Behaviors in Marvel Superheroes	5
Conditional Parochial Vicarious Ostracism: Gender Collective Narcissism Predicts Distress at the Exclusion of the Gender Ingroup in Women and Men	5
Girls Try, Boys Aim High: Exposing Difference in Implied Ability, Activity, and Agency of Girls Versus Boys in Language on McDonald’s Happy Meal Boxes	5
The Drawback of Sexual Empowerment: Perceiving Women as Emancipated but Still as Sexual Objects	5
Feminist Active Commitment and Sexual Harassment Perception among Chinese Women: The Moderating Roles of Targets’ Gender Stereotypicality and Type of Harassment	5
Gay and Straight Men Prefer Masculine-Presenting Gay Men for a High-Status Role: Evidence From an Ecologically Valid Experiment	5
Testing the GRIP: An Empirical Examination of the Gender Roles Inhibiting Prosociality Model	5
Ego-Centred and Partner/Activity-Focused Sexual Satisfaction: The Role of Self-Esteem and Sexual Assertiveness in Cisgender Heterosexual Women	5
Predictors of Sexual Consent Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Cisgender and Nonbinary Young Adults	5
“I Can’t Operate, that Boy Is my Son!”: Gender Schemas and a Classic Riddle	5
The Gender Similarities Hypothesis: Insights From A Multilevel Analysis of High-Stakes Examination Results in Mathematics	5
Are Gender Differences in Vocational Interests Universal?: Moderating Effects of Cultural Dimensions	4
Mother Like Mothers and Work Like Fathers: U.S. Heterosexual College Students’ Assumptions About Who Should Meet Childcare and Housework Demands	4
Self-Defense as an Effective and Neglected Form of Sexual Assault Prevention: A Commentary and Overdue Correction to the Literature	4
Scripted Reality: How Observers Make Sense of a Non-consensual Sexual Encounter	4
Benefit-Finding Improves Well-Being among Women Who Have Experienced Gender Discrimination	4
Bullying in Five European Countries: Evidence for Bringing Gendered Phenomena Under the Umbrella of ‘Sexual Bullying’ in Research and Practice	4
Like Father, Like Son: Empirical Insights into the Intergenerational Continuity of Masculinity Ideology	4
Sexual Orientation as Gendered to the Everyday Perceiver	4
Gender Differences in the Intergenerational Transmission Process of Educational Aspirations in Late Childhood	4
Understanding Perceptions of Radical and Liberal Feminists: The Nuanced Roles of Warmth and Competence	4
Parents’ Math Gender Stereotypes and Their Correlates: An Examination of the Similarities and Differences Over the Past 25 Years	4
Women’s Income-generating Activity and Experiences of Economic Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh	4
Gendered Impact of Caregiving Responsibilities on Tenure Track Faculty Parents’ Professional Lives	4
Tech-Savvy Men and Caring Women: Middle School Students’ Gender Stereotypes Predict Interest in Tech-Education	4
Gender Inequality Lowers Educational Aspiration for Adolescent Boys and Girls: A Multi-Level and Longitudinal Study in China	4
It Takes Two to Tango: Links Between Traditional Beliefs About both Men’s and Women’s Gender Roles and Comfort Initiating Sex and Comfort Refusing Sex	4
Spatial Skills and Self-Perceived Masculinity: Considering College Major STEM-ness, Directionality, and Gender	3
Media Frames of Voluntary Childlessness in the United States from 1989 to 2018	3
Appearance Satisfaction Among Adolescent Girls in Australia, China, India, and Iran: The Role of Perceived Actual-Ideal Discrepancies in Facial and Bodily Attributes	3
Sexual Violence and Psychological Distress: The Roles of Coping Self-Efficacy, Self-Blame, Shame, Activism, and Feminism	3
Do Scales Measuring Sexist Attitudes have Equivalent Meaning for Sexual Minorities and Majorities?	3
“There’s No Sewing Classes, There’s No Bedazzling Seminars”: The Impact of Masculinity on Social Connectedness and Mental Health for Men Living in Inner-Regional Australia	3
Online Victimization, Womanism, and Body Esteem among Young Black Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach	3
In Their Footsteps or Shadow? Gender Differences in Choosing a STEM Major as a Function of Sibling Configuration and Older Sibling’s Gender and Math Ability	3
Nuanced Longitudinal Effects of Domains of Perceived Gender Similarity on Adolescent Peer Victimization	3
Traditionally and Narrowly Defined: Gender Portrayals in Television Programming Targeting Babies and Toddlers	3
Doing and Redoing Emphasized Femininity: How Women Use Emotion Work to Manage Competing Expectations in College Hookup Culture	3
Are Feminists Empowered Activists or Entitled Whiners? A Thematic Analysis of U.S. Adolescents’ Definitions of “Feminist” in a Diverse, Mixed-Gender Sample	3
Where to Belong: Being a Sexual and Ethnic Minority Group Member in Norway	3
Cultural Beliefs About Manhood Predict Anti-LGBTQ+ Attitudes and Policies	3
The Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. Computer Science Faculty’s Turnover Intentions: The Role of Gender	3
Gender Differences in the Work and Home Spheres for Teachers, and Longitudinal Associations with Depressive Symptoms in a Swedish Cohort	3
Penalized for Challenging Traditional Gender Roles: Why Heterosexual Relationships in Which Women Wear the Pants May Be More Precarious	3
Hegemonic Masculinity and Mental Health Among Older White Men in the U.S.: The Role of Health and Wealth Decline	3
The Negative Effects of Positive Gender Stereotypes: Evidence from a Collectivistic Cultural Context	2
The “Princess Syndrome”: An Examination of Gender Harassment on a Male-Majority University Campus	2
Consequences of a Zero-Sum Perspective of Gender Status: Predicting Later Discrimination against Men and Women in Collaborative and Leadership Roles	2
Numbers for Boys and Words for Girls? Academic Gender Stereotypes among Chinese Parents	2
Women Experience More Intimate Partner Violence than Men over the Life Course: Evidence for Gender Asymmetry at all Ages in a National Sample	2
Examining Care and Opposition in the Narratives of U.S. Local Women of Color Activists	2
Gender Discrepancies in Perceptions of the Bodies of Female Fashion Models	2
Self-Objectification and Alcohol Use in Young Adult College Women	2
Young Adult Women’s Aspirations for Education and Career in Qatar: Active Resistance to Gendered Power	2
Reconceptualizing the Gendered Division of Housework: Number of Shared Tasks and Partners’ Relationship Quality	2
“Why Can’t Boys Be #LikeAGirl?”: Sticky Essentialism and Ambivalent (De)gendering in Fathers’ Online Accounts of Children’s Gender and Sexuality	2
Gender Performativity and Postfeminist Parenting in Children’s Television Shows	2
The Gender Gap in Environmental Concern: Support for an Ecofeminist Perspective and the Role of Gender Egalitarian Attitudes	2
Traditional Masculinity Ideology and Feminist Attitudes: The Role of Identity Foreclosure	2
A Religious Paradox: Can Priming Ideas of God Reduce Rape Victim Blame?	2
Sex Object vs. Athlete: Boys’ and Men’s Responses Toward Sexualized Male Athletes	2
The Influence of Perceiver and Target Race in Hostile and Benevolent Sexist Attitudes	2
Feminine Gender Role Discrepancy Strain and Women’s Self-Esteem in Daily and Weekly Life: A Person x Context Perspective	2
Immoral, Incompetent, and Lacking Warmth: How Stereotypes of Teenage Fathers Compare to Those of Other Parents	2
Teachers’ Gender-Role Attitudes and Gendered Classroom Practices	2

Like Parent, like Child: General and Specific Associations Between Parents’ and Children’s Binary Gender Identity in a Gender Egalitarian Context	2
Women’s Endorsement of Heteronormative Dating Scripts is Predicted by Sexism, Feminist Identity, A Preference for Dominant Men, and A Preference Against Short-Term Relationships	2
These Boots Weren’t Made for Walking: Gendered Discrepancies in Wearing Painful, Restricting, or Distracting Clothing	2
Merit Sticks to Men: Gender Pay Gaps and (In)equality at UK Russell Group Universities	2
Benevolent Sexism in the Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP): A Case Study of Texas House Bill 2	2
“It’s Getting Difficult to Be a Straight White Man”: Bundled Masculinity Grievances on Reddit	2
Parental Corporal Punishment and Girls’ Self-Esteem: The Moderating Effects of Girls’ Agency and Communion in China	2
Changes in Mothering Ideology After Childbirth and Maternal Mental Health in French Women	2
Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Establishing Consent Among Chinese Men: The Detrimental Role of Token Resistance Beliefs and Binge Drinking	2
Caring or Competent? Apparent Prioritization of Childcare Over Work Affects Evaluations and Stereotyping of Fathers	2
Positive Contact with Feminist Women as a Predictor of Feminist Solidarity, Gender Privilege Awareness, and Public and Domestic Support for Gender Equality in Straight Men	2
Competition or Community? The Backstage Experience of Men in Bodybuilding Competitions	2
Welcome to a Pink and Blue World! An Analysis of Gender-Typed Content in Birth Announcement Cards From 1940–2019 in the Netherlands	2
Self-Objectification During the Perinatal Period: The Role of Body Surveillance in Maternal and Infant Wellbeing	2
Growing Up Too “Fast”: Black Girls’ Sexual Development	2