Sex Roles

Article	Citations
Feminist Beliefs, Not Gender Equality Primes, Shape Self-Reported Partner Preferences	77
Author Correction: “I Think Most of Society Hates Us”: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Interviews with Incels	61
Mind the Gap: Gender, Racial, and Educational Differences in American Gender Attitudes from 1977 to 2018	38
Associations Between Women’s and Men’s Conformity to Gender Norms and Bystander Intervention to Disrupt Sexual Assault	37
The Gendered Resource Dilution: Sibling Structure, Parental Non-Monetary Investment, and Child Housework Labor in China	34
Orgasm Frequency Predicts Desire and Expectation for Orgasm: Assessing the Orgasm Gap within Mixed-Sex Couples	32
“There’s No Sewing Classes, There’s No Bedazzling Seminars”: The Impact of Masculinity on Social Connectedness and Mental Health for Men Living in Inner-Regional Australia	30
Unmarried Black Women’s Sexual Socialization: The Role of Dating, Motherhood, and Intimate Partner Violence Across Media Types	28
“Even Here”: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Gender Bias Incidents at a Selective Liberal Arts College	27
“Sport Belongs to Everyone… But Not During Pregnancy”: Views of Finnish Sport Stakeholders on Pregnancy in Sport	26
Benevolent Sexism in the Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP): A Case Study of Texas House Bill 2	25
Tech-Savvy Men and Caring Women: Middle School Students’ Gender Stereotypes Predict Interest in Tech-Education	24
Who is Responsible for Remembering? Everyday Prospective Memory Demands in Parenthood	23
Effectiveness of Interventions for Transgender Prejudice Reduction: A Meta-Analysis	22
Motor Skill Learning in Iranian Girls: Effects of a Relatively Long Induction of Gender Stereotypes	18
Development and Validation of the Ambivalent Homoprejudice Toward Lesbian Women at Work Scale	17
Gender, Self-Stereotyping, and Life Goals Predict Career Interest in Germany, Nigeria, and Turkey	17
“It Wasn’t Meant for Gays”: Lesbian Women’s and Gay Men’s Reactions to the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory	16
Correction to: Children’s Evaluations of Gender Non-Conforming Peers	16
Sociocultural Messages about Gender Dysphoria (Dis)Align with the Lived Experiences of Trans and Nonbinary Individuals: A Qualitative Study	15
The Precarity of Progress: Implications of a Shifting Gendered Division of Labor for Relationships and Well-Being as a Function of Country-Level Gender Equality	15
Cloaked in Kindness: Bystander Responses to Witnessed Benevolent and Hostile Sexism	13
Gender Confirmation Work, Rest, and Symbolic Boundaries in (Trans)Gender Support Groups	13
“A Fire in my Belly:” Conceptualizing U.S. Women’s Experiences of “Mom Rage”	13
Men’s Help-Seeking Willingness and Disclosure of Depression: Experimental Evidence for the Role of Pluralistic Ignorance	13

Diverse Gender Identity Development: A Qualitative Synthesis and Development of a New Contemporary Framework	12
Achieving Equality or Persisting Inequality: Effects of Framing of Equality on Attitudes Toward Women and Gender Equality Through Identity Threat and Cognitive Unfreezing	12
Perceptions of Trans Dating and Romantic Partners: The Role of Gender and Transphobia	12
Masculinity and Condom Use: Using a Rejection Sensitivity Framework to Understand Women’s Condom Negotiation in Mixed-Gender Sexual Encounters	12
An Adapted Sociocultural Model of Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating Among Midlife Men	12
Masculinity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Mixed Gender Canadian Youth	12
Gendered Division of Digital Labor in Parenting: A Qualitative Study in Urban China	11
Like Parent, like Child: General and Specific Associations Between Parents’ and Children’s Binary Gender Identity in a Gender Egalitarian Context	11
Transgender Knowledge Mediates U.S. Political Differences in Prejudice and Support for Trans-inclusive Policies	11
Correction to: An Adapted Sociocultural Model of Body Image Concerns and Disordered Eating among Midlife Men	11
Comparison, Competition, and Consumption: The 3Cs of Contemporary Motherhood in the Context of Children’s Education	10
Identifying Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Patterns and Co-occurrence of Post-Breakup Stalking Among South Korean Men	10
Assault Typologies of College Rape Victims: A Mixed Methods Investigation	10
The Contribution of Gender Equality to the Coexistence of Progressive Abortion and Sexual Orientation Laws	10
Collective Action on Behalf of Women: Testing the Conceptual Distinction Between Traditional Collective Action and Small Acts in College Women	10
The Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. Computer Science Faculty’s Turnover Intentions: The Role of Gender	10
Traditionally and Narrowly Defined: Gender Portrayals in Television Programming Targeting Babies and Toddlers	10
Gender Differences in the Work and Home Spheres for Teachers, and Longitudinal Associations with Depressive Symptoms in a Swedish Cohort	10
Career Identities and Gender-STEM Stereotypes: When and Why Implicit Gender-STEM Associations Emerge and How They Affect Women’s College Major Choice	10
The Gendered Influence of Cross-Gender Friends on the Development of Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitudes	9
Male Victimhood Ideology Among Korean Men: Is It Economic Hardship or Perceived Status Decline?	9
“A Recipe for Disaster?”: Female-Breadwinner Relationships Threaten Heterosexual Scripts	9
Strong Hero or Violent Playboy? Portrayals of Masculinity in Children’s Animated Movies	9
Explaining Societal Shifts in Victim Blaming and Perpetrator Culpability for Sexual Violence: Evidence From the #MeToo Era	9
Identifying Pathways to the Incel Community and Where to Intervene: A Qualitative Study with Former Incels	9
Riot Like a Girl? Gender-Stereotypical Associations Boost Support for Feminist Online Campaigns	9
It Takes Two to Tango: Links Between Traditional Beliefs About both Men’s and Women’s Gender Roles and Comfort Initiating Sex and Comfort Refusing Sex	9
In Their Footsteps or Shadow? Gender Differences in Choosing a STEM Major as a Function of Sibling Configuration and Older Sibling’s Gender and Math Ability	9
My Body, My Choice? Examining the Distinct Profiles Underlying Attitudes Toward Abortion and COVID-19 Mandates	8
Beyond the Barbell: Women in Strength-Based Sports and the Reshaping of Gender Norms	8
Changes in Sexual, Romantic, and Gender Identities Across the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study	8
Fiber Arts Require Spatial Skills: How a Stereotypically Feminine Practice Can Help Us Understand Spatial Skills and Improve Spatial Learning	8
“When It Fits Wrong, I’m So Self-Conscious I Want to Die!”: Women’s Experiences Wearing Plus-Size Exercise Clothing	8
Caring or Competent? Apparent Prioritization of Childcare Over Work Affects Evaluations and Stereotyping of Fathers	8
Correction to: Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships	8
The “Princess Syndrome”: An Examination of Gender Harassment on a Male-Majority University Campus	8
Too Tired to Lean In? Sleep Quality Impacts Women’s Daily Intentions to Pursue Workplace Status	8
The Sexual Objectification Experiences of Non-Binary People: Embodied Impacts and Acts of Resistance	7
Unmasking Street Harassment in Spain: Prevalence, Psychological Impact, and the Role of Sexism in Women’s Experiences	7
Workplace Experiences of Muslim Women in STEM in Canada: An Intersectional Qualitative Analysis	7
Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes Towards Women Drivers	7
Navigating Abortion Stigma: Abortion Identity Centrality, Stigma Management Strategies, and Psychological Outcomes	7
Nonverbal Gendered Cues as Accurate Signals of Sexual Orientation	7
People Overestimate Backlash Against Helpers Who Violate Gender Stereotypes: Experimental Examination of a Prosociality Paradox	7
Spatial Skills and Self-Perceived Masculinity: Considering College Major STEM-ness, Directionality, and Gender	7
Perceptions of Parental Responses to Gender Stereotype Violations in Children	7
The Unbearable Weight of Gender Inequalities: Development and Validation of the Social Treatment and Experiences of Women (STEW) Scale	7
Do Images Speak Louder Than Words? Effects of Body Positive and Fitspiration Quotes and Images on State Body Image in Women and Men	7
The Sex-Based Harassment Inventory: A Gender Status Threat Measure of Sex-Based Harassment Intentions	7
Do Virtual Environments Close the Gender Gap in Participation in Question-and-Answer Sessions at Academic Conferences? In Search of Moderation by Conference Format	7

Instrumentality Gives Girls the Edge: Gender-Differential Relations Between Instrumentality, Achievement Motivation, and Self-Esteem	6
Testing an Integrated Biopsychosocial Model of Adolescent Girls’ Body Shame: Considering the Role of Pubertal Development	6
Is Online Disinhibition Related to Cyberdating Abuse Perpetration through Moral Disengagement? The Moderating Role of Gender, Sexism, and Cybervictimization	6
Women’s Engagement in Political Discussion on Twitter: The Role of Gender Salience, Resources, and Race/Ethnicity	6
Revealing Gender Double Standards in the Parenthood Norm Depends on Question Order	6
Punishing Women for Miscarriage: The role of Political Orientation and Hostile Sexism	6
Mean Girls in Disguise? Associations Between Vulnerable Narcissism and Perpetration of Bullying Among Women	6
Accounting for First-Time Motherhood at Advanced Maternal Age: Risk, Temporality, and the Preservation of Stratified Reproduction	6
Flourishing in a Binary World: The Creation of Transgender Alternative Narratives	6
Macho or Nerd: Perceptions of Masculinity, Social Environment, and Science Capital Utilization Among Adolescent STEM Students	5
Feminism, Femininity, and Negative Embodiment: A Contemporary Meta-Analytic Test	5
Effects of Gender-Fair Language on the Cognitive Representation of Women in Stereotypically Masculine Occupations and Occupational Self-Efficacy Among Primary School Girls and Boys	5
Bisexual Women’s Meaning Making of Same-Sex Performativity: Orientation Towards a Heteropatriarchal Context	5
Blame of Rape Victims and Perpetrators in China: The Role of Gender, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Situational Factors	5
Correction to: Strategic Masculine Disinvestment: Understanding Contemporary Transformations of Masculinity and Their Psychosocial Implications	5
Cultural Beliefs About Manhood Predict Anti-LGBTQ+ Attitudes and Policies	5
A Qualitative Analysis of the Fertility Experience and Gender Identity in Young Women Following Hysterectomy for Benign Disease	5
A Critical Review of Measures of Gender Equitable Attitudes: Recommendations for Conceptualization and Future Assessment	5
Doing and Redoing Emphasized Femininity: How Women Use Emotion Work to Manage Competing Expectations in College Hookup Culture	5
Gender Categorization and Stereotypes Beyond the Binary	5
Like Father, Like Son: Empirical Insights into the Intergenerational Continuity of Masculinity Ideology	5
“It Literally Makes Me Feel Harder to Kill”: A Qualitative Study of the Perceived Benefits of Recreational Martial Arts Practice Among Women Sexual Assault Survivors	5
Is Marriage Associated With Decreases or Increases in Sexism?	5
Devaluation of Women’s Sexual Pleasure: Role of Relationship Context and Endorsement of the Madonna-Whore Dichotomy	5
Humorous Responses to Gender Injustice: The Contrasting Effects of Efficacy and Emotions on Women’s Collective Action Intentions	5
Media Portrayals of Trans and Gender Diverse People: A Comparative Analysis of News Headlines Across Europe	5
Dangerous Motivations: Understanding How Marginalization Relates to Benevolent Sexism Through Threat Perceptions	5
Do Scales Measuring Sexist Attitudes have Equivalent Meaning for Sexual Minorities and Majorities?	5
Alcohol Use and Hostility Toward Women: Individual and Perceived Peer Attitudes Shape College Men's Consent Behavior	5
Picturing Sexual Agency: A Visual Content Analysis of Adults’ Sexual Stereotypes of Young Women	5
Same Place, Different Worlds: An Emergent Fit Analysis of the Experiences of Iranian Trans Women and Trans Men	5
Testing the Internal Consent Scale for Measurement Invariance Across Women and Men	5
Acknowledging that Men are Moral and Harmed by Gender Stereotypes Increases Men’s Willingness to Engage in Collective Action on Behalf of Women	5
Sexist Attitudes, Relationship Conflict and Satisfaction in Heterosexual Couples, and Men’s and Women’s Wellbeing	5
Outperformance-Related Discomfort: Another Factor in Women’s Under-Representation in STEM?	5
Fleshing Out the Ways Masculinity Threat and Traditional Masculinity Ideology Relate to Meat-Eating and Environmental Attitudes in Australian Men	5
Thank You for Sharing: Body-Positive and Humour Parody Images Increase Women’s Body Satisfaction and Predict Collective Action Intentions Via Gratitude	4
Gender Stereotypes and Peer Selection in STEM Domains Among Children and Adolescents	4
Context Matters: Differential Gendering of Physics in Arabic-speaking, Hebrew-speaking, and Single-Sex State Schools in Israel	4
Women’s Well-Being Post-Partum: The Role of Self-Objectification and Self-Compassion	4
Some Gender Stereotypes Persist in Filipino TV Ads: A Content Analytic Investigation of TV Advertising in 2010 and 2020	4
Recent Increases in Vegetarianism may be Limited to Women: A 15-Year Study of Young Adults at an American University	4
Strategic Masculine Disinvestment: Understanding Contemporary Transformations of Masculinity and Their Psychosocial Implications	4
Sex Wars and TERF Wars: The Divisiveness of Who is Included in Feminism	4
Gay and Straight Men Prefer Masculine-Presenting Gay Men for a High-Status Role: Evidence From an Ecologically Valid Experiment	4
Brilliance Beliefs, Not Mindsets, Explain Inverse Gender Gaps in Psychology and Philosophy	4
Women’s Humility and Men’s Lack of Hubris: Gender Biases in Self-Estimated Spatial Intelligence	4
When Gender Matters in Scientific Communication: The Role of Generic Language	4
Women Experience More Intimate Partner Violence than Men over the Life Course: Evidence for Gender Asymmetry at all Ages in a National Sample	4
Prevalence and Motivations for Technology-facilitated Gender- and Sexuality-based Violence Among Adults: A Mixed-methods Study	4
Shifting Standards of Sexuality: An Intersectional Account of Men’s Objectification of Black and White Women	4
Masculinity Matters for Meat Consumption: An Examination of Self-Rated Gender Typicality, Meat Consumption, and Veg*nism in Australian Men and Women	4
Understanding Perceptions of Radical and Liberal Feminists: The Nuanced Roles of Warmth and Competence	4
An Intersectional Analysis of Women's Experiences of Inclusion in the United States Army	4
Predictors of Transgender Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis	4
Sexual Harassment and Assault in Public Spaces: Individual Vulnerability and Contextual Risk Factors	4
“I can't push off my own Mental Health”: Chilly STEM Climates, Mental Health, and STEM Persistence among Black, Latina, and White Graduate Women	4
Evaluation of Women in Economics: Evidence of Gender Bias Following Behavioral Role Violations	4
Standing Up to Sexism: Does Challenging Sexist Comments Have Transformational Benefits in How Women Value Themselves and Other Women?	4
Appearance Satisfaction Among Adolescent Girls in Australia, China, India, and Iran: The Role of Perceived Actual-Ideal Discrepancies in Facial and Bodily Attributes	4
“A Woman, With No Evidence, Can Send Any Man to Jail Whenever She Wants”: Men’s Rights Activists’ Digital Narratives of a Culture of False Rape Allegations	4
Effects of Minority Stress on Group Identification and Collective Action among Sexual Minorities: A Longitudinal Test of the Rejection-Identification Model	4
Depictions of Gender Across Eight Decades of Disney Animated Film: The Role of Film Producer, Director, and Writer Gender	4
Young Men’s Perspectives on Menstruation in New York City: A Qualitative Assessment	4
Engagement in Pro-Choice Protests: The Role of Gender, Feminism, Gender Collective Self-Esteem, and Reactance Against Abortion Bans	4
Maternal Employment Shapes Daughters’ Employment Stability in Egypt: Evidence for the Intergenerational Transmission of Labor Force Attachment	4
Benevolent and Hostile Sexism in Endorsement of Heterosexist Marriage Traditions Among Adolescents and Adults	4
Gender Bias in the Perception of Others’ Fatigue: Women Report More Fatigue Than Men But Have Their Fatigue Underestimated by Others	3
Correction to: Engagement in Pro-Choice Protests: The Role of Gender, Feminism, Gender Collective Self-Esteem, and Reactance Against Abortion Bans	3
Gender Differences in Anti-Gay Prejudice: Evidence for Stability and Change	3
Welcome to a Pink and Blue World! An Analysis of Gender-Typed Content in Birth Announcement Cards From 1940–2019 in the Netherlands	3
Mother’s Instinct? Biological Essentialism and Parents’ Involvement in Work and Childcare	3
“I Think Most of Society Hates Us”: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Interviews with Incels	3
Exposure to Feminist Humor and the Proclivity to Collective Action for Gender Equality: The Role of Message Format and Feminist Identification	3
Socialization of Gender Public Regard: Family Conversations, Practices and Routines	3
Gender Inequality Lowers Educational Aspiration for Adolescent Boys and Girls: A Multi-Level and Longitudinal Study in China	3
It’s on Victims: A Critical Discourse Analysis of U.S. College Sexual Assault Risk Reduction Strategies	3
The Role of Honor Concerns in Disclosing (vs. Hiding) COVID-19 Diagnosis: Insights from Türkiye	3
Nuanced Longitudinal Effects of Domains of Perceived Gender Similarity on Adolescent Peer Victimization	3
Gendered Failures and Achievements in Women’s Experiences of Men’s Orgasms	3

Conditional Parochial Vicarious Ostracism: Gender Collective Narcissism Predicts Distress at the Exclusion of the Gender Ingroup in Women and Men	3
Are Gender Differences in Vocational Interests Universal?: Moderating Effects of Cultural Dimensions	3
Gendered Impact of Caregiving Responsibilities on Tenure Track Faculty Parents’ Professional Lives	3
Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Establishing Consent Among Chinese Men: The Detrimental Role of Token Resistance Beliefs and Binge Drinking	3
Married Mixed-gender Couples’ Midlife Employment and Later Life Well-being and Housework	3
Dropout Intentions of Soldiers in Mixed-Gender Combat Units: A Longitudinal Examination of the Integration Process	3
Numbers for Boys and Words for Girls? Academic Gender Stereotypes among Chinese Parents	3
Correction to: The Gender Similarities Hypothesis: Insights From A Multilevel Analysis of High‑Stakes Examination Results in Mathematics	3
Think Manager-Think Male Re-Examined: Race as a Moderator	3
Students’ Perceptions of Guilt, Responsibility, and Just Punishment When Accounts of Campus Sexual Assault Conflict	3
Narratives of Children’s Gender Socialization from Fathers Who Take Parental Leave in South Korea	3
Protecting a Positive View of the Self: Female Gamers’ Strategic Self-Attribution of Stereotypes	3
Systemic Powers, Institutionalized Thinking and Situated Knowledge: A Qualitative Exploration on the Meanings of ‘Menstruation’ and ‘Menstrual Health’ in Spain	3
Ethical Sexual Regret in Men: A Discourse Analysis	3
Making Men of Steel: Superhero Exposure and the Development of Hegemonic Masculinity in Children	3
Who Are ‘They’? Gender-Neutral Pronoun Adoption by Non-Binary People and Other Gender Groups	3
Mr. Active and Little Miss Passive? The Transmission and Existence of Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Books	3
Traditional Masculinity Ideology and Feminist Attitudes: The Role of Identity Foreclosure	3
Kinkeeping Across Families: The Central Role of Mothers and Stepmothers in the Facilitation of Adult Intergenerational Ties	3
Gender and National Collective Narcissism: Gender Asymmetries and Obstacles to Gender Equality	2
Gendered Mental Labor: A Systematic Literature Review on the Cognitive Dimension of Unpaid Work Within the Household and Childcare	2
“They Want a Porn Star that Has Never Watched Porn”: Double Binds and Standards in Young Women’s Talk about Heterosex	2
Culture’s Clashing Identities: Gendered Differences in Anticipated Role Conflict for Students in Graduate Degree Programs	2
The Gender Gap in Environmental Concern: Support for an Ecofeminist Perspective and the Role of Gender Egalitarian Attitudes	2
Positive and Future-Focused vs. I-Focused: A Comparative Examination of Effective Conflict Resolution Scripts to Minimize Gender Backlash in Engineering Settings	2
Sexual Aggression among Women and Men in an Iranian Sample: Prevalence and Correlates	2
No Room of her Own: Married Couples’ Negotiation of Workspace at Home During COVID-19	2
Hegemonic Masculinity and Mental Health Among Older White Men in the U.S.: The Role of Health and Wealth Decline	2
Correction to: Implicit and Explicit Sexist Attitudes towards Women Drivers	2
Self-Defense as an Effective and Neglected Form of Sexual Assault Prevention: A Commentary and Overdue Correction to the Literature	2
Understanding Perceptions of Gender Non-Binary People: Consensual and Unique Stereotypes and Prejudice	2
Are Feminists Empowered Activists or Entitled Whiners? A Thematic Analysis of U.S. Adolescents’ Definitions of “Feminist” in a Diverse, Mixed-Gender Sample	2
It Depends! Contextual Variability in Feminist Identity Disclosure Among Binary and Nonbinary Individuals	2
Body Shame in 7–12-Year-Old Girls and Boys: The Role of Parental Attention to Children’s Appearance	2
Stereotypes About Who is Affected by Eating Disorders Disadvantage Risk Perception for Black Girls and Women	2
Do I Say or Let it Go? Emotions Predict How People Respond to Receiving Sexual Objectification at Work	2
Mothers’ Domestic Responsibilities and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Moderating Role of Gender Essentialist Beliefs About Parenthood	2
Harder Won and Easier Lost? Testing the Double Standard in Gender Rules in 62 Countries	2
Raising Resilient Black Women: A Study of Superwoman Mothering and Strength as a Form of Gendered Racial Socialization in Black Mother-Daughter Relationships	2
Sisters in Arms: Lowering Rape Myth Acceptance in a Hypermasculine Environment	2
Sexual Assault of a Rohingya Woman: Anti-Rohingya Statements Embolden Those High in Sexism to Report Anti-Victim and Pro-Perpetrator Reactions	2
Am I man Enough?: A Qualitative Study of African American Heterosexual Men’s Attitudes Toward Marriage	2
PTSD and Complex PTSD Symptoms among Israeli Women Veterans: Role of Conformity to Masculine Norms and Coping Strategies	2
Instagram Use and Endorsement of a Voluptuous Body Ideal: A Serial Mediation Model	2
Comparisons of Health-Related Quality of Life among Users of Different Types of Menstrual Products: A Study of Taiwanese University Students	2
Adolescents’ Advanced STEM Course Intentions: Predictors and Reasoning	2
Emphasizing the Communal Demands of a Leader Role Makes Job Interviews Less Stressful for Women But Not More Successful	2
The Stigma of Alcohol Use Among Young Women in a Mediterranean Drinking Culture: A Qualitative Study	2
Correction to: In Their Footsteps or Shadow? Gender Differences in Choosing a STEM Major as a Function of Sibling Configuration and Older Sibling’s Gender and Math Ability	2