Early Human Development

Article	Citations
Direct evidence of fetal responses to noxious stimulations: A systematic review of physiological and behavioral reactions	67
Incidence, subtypes and severity of cerebral palsy in infants born extremely preterm in Switzerland: A retrospective study comparing two time periods	42
Investigating behaviour from early- to mid-childhood and its association with academic outcomes in a cohort of children born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia	38
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Effect of muscle mass on neuropsychomotor development in newborns: A comparative analysis between preterm and full-term infants	32
The predictive value of maternal inflammation markers for neonatal early-onset sepsis	30
Early red blood cell transfusion and the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants	30
Maternal depressed mood and serotonergic antidepressant treatment during pregnancy differentially shape the continuity between fetal–newborn neurobehaviour	27
Infant massage and brain maturation measured using EEG: A randomised controlled trial	26
The evidence for neonatal arginine supplementation — A narrative review	24
Universal maternal testing for group B streptococcus in late pregnancy: process outcomes and alongside qualitative study for the GBS3 trial	23
Early-life thyroid hormones and neurodevelopmental assessment in one-year old children: DSAN-12m birth cohort study	20
Modeling gross motor developmental curves of extremely and very preterm infants using the AIMS home-video method	19
The effectiveness of pulmonary hypertension screening in infants born preterm	19
Direct breastfeeding: Predictive factors and possible effects on neurodevelopment in very preterm infants	18
Trend over 25 years of risk factors of mother's own milk provision to very low birth weight infants at discharge	18
Early feeding behaviours of extremely preterm infants predict neurodevelopmental outcomes	18
Hidden heroes in breast milk: The dual roles of phospholipids and sphingolipids in infant immunity and brain development	17
2D:4D biomarker reliability and validity in a within-subject pregnancy-childhood-adolescence cohort	17
Maternal and neonatal outcomes for kidney transplant recipients	17
Lending a helping hand to preterm infants: Randomized controlled trial of the impact of ‘sticky mittens’ on exploratory behavior and later development	17
The influence of physical, psychological and sociocultural factors on cognitive performance: A nationwide cross-sectional analysis in 10–12-year-old Danish children	16
Strengthening the invisible backbone: Prioritizing parental mental health in preterm care	16
Contributions of the light environment and co-sleeping to sleep consolidation into nighttime in early infants: A pilot study	16
Intracranial hemorrhages in infants of diabetic mothers: A national cohort study	15

Neonatal bioethics, AI, and genomics	15
The critical role of technologies in neonatal care	15
Outcomes in extremely preterm neonates after the introduction of early low-dose hydrocortisone treatment: A retrospective case-control study	15
Association of second and fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk	14
The U.S.A. eligible retinopathy of prematurity screening population 2003-2022: WONDER-ROP Study	14
Implementation of nutritional care bundle is associated with improved growth in preterm infants born before 32 gestational weeks	14
Evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal renal microvascular flow characteristics of three-dimensional MV-flow imaging	14
Infant motor behaviour and functional and cognitive outcome at school-age: A follow-up study in very high-risk children	14
Maternal experience of fetal movements from a child with AMC: MECA survey	13
Placenta histology related to flow and oxygenation in fetal congenital heart disease	13
Breastfeeding patterns in one-year-old children was not affected by a breastfeeding support intervention	13
Predictive factors of surgery in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: Insights from a monocentric cohort study	12
Scoring of brain magnetic resonance imaging and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease	12
Reference curves of first-trimester novel measurements of the fetal urinary tract using three-dimensional ultrasound and Virtual Reality	12
Heart rate variability in school-age children born moderate-to-late preterm	12
Pressure and tidal volume delivery in extremely preterm infants at birth using different t-piece resuscitation devices	12
Effects of early intervention on the mental wellbeing and caregiving practices of preterm infant caregivers	12
Effectiveness of multisensory stimulation and priming (MuSSAP) upper limb training in 3–8 months old infants with unilateral brain lesion – a retrospective clinical cohort study	11
Prolonged oligohydramnios and the adverse composite outcome of death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 3 years of age in infants born at 22–29 gestational weeks	11
Exploring the burden of preterm infant care in Africa: A comprehensive review of current research	11
Ontogeny for a lifetime – Structure meets function	11
Investigating the validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to detect gross motor delays in a community sample of toddlers: A cross-sectional study	11
The predictive ability of the Lacey Assessment of Preterm Infants (LAPI), Cranial Ultrasound (cUS) and General Movements Assessment (GMA) for Cerebral Palsy (CP): A prospective, clinical, single cente	10
Understanding factors associated with emotional closeness in parents with a preterm infant in the neonatal intensive care unit	10
Visual sensory determinants of EEG activity in neonates receiving intensive care	10
Determinants of handgrip strength at age 2 years in children born moderate and late preterm and associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes	10
Agreement between Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE) and Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) in neurodevelopmental assessment of preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation at term c	10
Value of caregivers report at six months of age in predicting cerebral palsy - A prospective cohort study	10
Attachment and mother-infant interactions in dyads with infants born full-term, moderate-to-late preterm, and very-to-extreme preterm	10
Impact of comprehensive quality improvement program on outcomes in very-low-birth-weight infants: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Japan	10
Perinatal factors associated with sensory processing difficulties in infancy: Findings from the Etude Longitudinale Francaise depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) French national birth cohort	9
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Mild small-for-gestational-age as a non-negligible risk factor for short stature	9
Mortality after 36 weeks postmenstrual age of extremely preterm infants in neonatal care: The impact of growth impairment and bronchopulmonary dysplasia	9
Editorial Board	9
Language skills development in children with congenital Zika virus syndrome	9
The effect of maternal fatigue on the risk of fetal growth retardation	9
Neurodevelopment in infants with antenatal or early neonatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2	8
Small-for-gestational-age and eating problems in infants aged 2.5 years: a nationwide population-based study in Japan	8
Insights into neurosonographic indicators for prenatal diagnosis of fetal neurological anomalies and cortical development: A systematic review of the literature	8
Standardising the elusive diagnosis of NEC in the premature infant - A practical score	8
Understanding Covid-19: Digit ratios and duration of oxygen therapy in hospitalized Covid-19 patients	8
The effect of maternal blood glucose control on infant body composition at birth	8
Identifying cognitive vulnerability in school-aged children born preterm: The role of neonatal and early-life factors	8
Vitamin D supplementation and gross motor development: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial	8
Neurodevelopmental effects of opioids in preterm infants – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies	8
Public health measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: Mothers' perceptions of emotional and physical closeness with their preterm infant before, during, and after the NICU stay	8
Relationships between preterm medical factors and feeding behaviors at term-equivalent age	8
New evidence supporting female protective effect in patients with congenital anomalies and neurodevelopmental disorders	8
Associations between fetal movement and maternal-fetal attachment in late pregnancy	7

Understanding developmental progress in young children: Exploring demographic and dietary influences through a cross-sectional study	7
Editorial Board	7
Current epidemiology and factors contributing to postnatal growth restriction in very preterm infants in China	7
Developmental progression of bottle-feeding in the first year of life	7
Genetic features of alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins in Japanese infants	7
Executive function and preterm birth: A longitudinal study	7
Early pain findings in infants with brachial plexus birth injury: Relationship with function and comorbidities, and cut-off point for fractures	7
Editorial Board	7
UK screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity Updated 2022 Guidelines	7
Commercial infant products influence body position and muscle use	7
Effects of 4 weeks of play in standing and walking on gross motor ability and segmental trunk control in preterm infants using a playpen: A randomized control trial	7
Effect of sequential swallow training programme on feeding transition and suck-swallow-breath coordination in preterm infants	7
Two-year motor outcomes associated with the dose of NICU based physical therapy: The Noppi RCT	7
Similar early intervention referral rates following in-person administration of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 4th Edition versus Telehealth Administration of the Developmental A	7
Prediction of motor outcome in preterm infants with punctate white matter lesions using term equivalent age MRI	7
Active versus restrictive ligation strategy for patent ductus arteriosus – A retrospective two-center study of extremely preterm infants born between 22 + 0 and 25 + 6 weeks of gestational age	7
Effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on executive function in children with preterm birth: A randomized crossover study	7
Multi-organ dysfunction in infants with acidosis at birth in the absence of moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	6
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Motor dysfunction in preschool children exposed to zika virus during pregnancy and normocephalic at birth: Developmental Coordination Disorder and Minimal Neurological Dysfunction	6
The role of internalising trajectories in adult wealth and social relationships following very preterm birth/very low birth weight	6
Being parents of extremely preterm children, from a long-term perspective: A qualitative study of parents' experiences	6
The 2D:4D ratios in the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	6
Editorial Board	6
Accuracy and repeatability of fetal facial measurements in 3D ultrasound: A longitudinal study	6
Metabolic bone disease in premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition: Incidence, clinical, laboratory and nutritional profile	6
Variability of neonatal premedication practices for endotracheal intubation and LISA in the UK (NeoPRINT survey)	6
Exposure-safety relationship for acyclovir in the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus disease	6
Editorial Board	6
Longitudinal examination of early motor ability and motor developmental change to predict two-year cognitive outcomes in preterm infants	6
The long-term influence of perinatal factors on macular morphology and vessel density in preterm children	6
Anthropometric measurements of infants in a risk-based patent ductus arteriosus treatment program	6
Challenges in clinical identification of right ventricular dysfunction in preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn	6
Cardiac and cerebral hemodynamics with umbilical cord milking compared with early cord clamping: A randomized cluster crossover trial	6
High school graduation among adolescents born preterm: A Canadian population-based cohort study	6
An alternative fortification strategy to optimize growth in preterm infants during a period of human milk fortifier shortage	6
Tolerance of hydrocortisone prophylaxis administration in extreme preterm neonates: Experience of a single UK level III neonatal unit	6
Fetal heart rate variability in relation to maternal physical activity and metabolic health	6
Heart function by M-mode and tissue Doppler in the early neonatal period in neonates with fetal growth restriction	6
Association between maternal androgen levels and early fetal sex differentiation: Anogenital distance and genital tubercle length in the first trimester	6
Motor Optimality Scores are significantly lower in a population of high-risk infants than in infants born moderate-late preterm	5
Corrigendum to “Heart function by M-mode and tissue Doppler in the early neonatal period in neonates with fetal growth restriction”, [Early Hum. Dev. 183 (2023) 105809]	5
Examining early intervention referral patterns in neonatal intensive care unit follow up clinics using telemedicine during COVID-19	5
How do parents and early intervention professionals utilize educational resources about infant development and play?	5
Early postnatal transitional circulation in fetal growth restricted neonates	5
Longer duration of gestation in term singletons is associated with better infant neurodevelopment	5
Comprehensive assessment of placental inflammation: Novel approach in predicting retinopathy of prematurity	5
Lung to thorax transverse area ratio as a predictor of neurodevelopmental outcomes in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia	5
Neurodevelopmental profile in children born to mothers affected by systemic sclerosis	5
Reflections about being born extremely preterm in children and adolescents: A qualitative descriptive study	5
Simulation-based team training and changes in Apgar scores during neonatal transition: A multi-site controlled follow-up study	5
Critical diseases in neonates after discharge home from birth hospital: A retrospective study from a tertiary hospital in Japan	5
Editorial Board	5
An investigation of sensory processing skills in toddlers with joint hypermobility	5
The impact of early intervention on early spontaneous movements of infants: a systematic review	5
Primary respiratory support of extremely preterm neonates in the Netherlands: a national survey	5
Editorial Board	5
The effect of heart rate on systolic and diastolic time intervals and cardiac function in stable and sick preterm infants	5
The three-dimensional course of cranial development of very preterm infants during the first year of life	5
Neurodevelopment in the transition to school in children subjected to hypothermia due to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: A prospective study	5
Exploring the validity of the ASQ-SE for socio-emotional competency screening of a low-risk Asian cohort at 2 years of age	5
Longitudinal growth trajectories and predictive risk factors for short stature in extremely preterm infants up to six years of age	5
Effect of maternal depression and anxiety scores on the development of three-month-old babies through the assessment of general movements	5
Editorial Board	5
Egg donation and gestational surrogacy: Pregnancy is riskier with an unrelated embryo	5
Heart rate variability is associated with self-regulation and stress neurobehavior in preterm infants	5
The long-term developmental outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus at different parities	5
Maternal prenatal social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic predicts infant birth weight	5
The relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome and the 2D:4D digit ratio: A systematic review	5
Detecting month and year of birth effects on reproduction and marriage patterns in two long-term data sets	5
Five-year outcomes after cooling for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and predictive value of aEEG	4
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Predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: A comprehensive evaluation of neonatal and maternal risk factors	4
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Worldwide prevalence and disability from preterm-associated developmental intellectual disability during childhood and adolescence	4
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Exploring the association between haematological markers of iron and general movements in 4-month-old infants exposed to anaemia in-utero	4
Change over time in internal cerebral vein pulsation in premature infants at risk of intraventricular hemorrhage	4
Hybrid developmental follow-up for preterm infants in Brazil: A feasibility study	4

Editorial Board	4
Effectiveness of an oral-motor intervention for premature infants: Feeding and maternal self-efficacy	4
Inter-rater reliability and agreement of the General Movement Assessment and Motor Optimality Score-Revised in a large population-based sample	4
Sleep and emotional functioning in premature children: A systematic literature review	4
Pubertal growth spurt does not occur in some normally growing Polish girls, suggesting an evolutionary origin of adolescent growth polymorphism	4
Longitudinal assessments of motor performance and musculoskeletal abnormalities in preschool children with esophageal atresia	4
Editorial Board	4
Effects of skin-to-skin contact in supported diagonal flexion positioning on movement quality in very preterm infants at term age	4
Relationship between fidgety movement and frequency of movement toward midline: An observational study	4
Neurocognitive outcomes in moderately preterm born adolescents	4
Antenatal corticosteroid exposure and neonatal outcomes in term infants	4
Clinical value of cortical bursting in preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage	4
Editorial Board	4
Outcomes from an enhanced developmental screening programme in Singapore	4
Clinical validation of an abridged AIMS: Streamlining motor screening in the first-year infant	4
Hokkaido birth cohort study in Japan on the growth trajectory of children born with low birth weight until 7 years of age	4
Crying behavior and emotional-behavioral outcomes in high-risk very preterm infants: A prospective cohort study	4
Refining the therapeutic understanding of prenatal singing: Reflections from an art therapy perspective	4
Prolonged COVID-19 related effects on early language development: A longitudinal study	4
A realist review of digitally delivered child development assessment and screening tools: Psychometrics and considerations for future use	4
Insecure attachment and internalizing behavior problems in growth discordant identical twins	4
Evaluation of neurovascular coupling during neuroprotective therapies: A single site HEAL ancillary study	4
Association between the digit ratio (2D:4D), handgrip strength, wrist ratio, and body fat distribution in women with different carpal tunnel syndrome severity	4
Long-term follow-up of self-reported mental health and health-related quality of life in adults born extremely preterm	4
Predictive validity of the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) to identify 4–5 year-old children at risk of developmental delay in a low-risk sample	4
Feasibility of a Dutch post-discharge parenting intervention (TOP program) for moderate preterm born infants	4
Corrigendum to “2D: 4D digit ratio, bilateral asymmetry, and insulin resistance in women with obesity” [Early Hum. Dev. 217 (2026) 106518]	4
Prevalence and patterns of executive function, adaptive function, and behavioral outcomes in preschool and school age children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia	4
Humanity's evolved nest and its relation to cardiac vagal regulation in the first years of life	4
Placental inflammatory response and association with the severity of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	4
Over-reaching with causality language in neurodevelopmental infant research: A methodological literature review	4
The Best Start Trial: A randomised controlled trial of ultra-early parent-administered physiotherapy for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy or motor delay	4
Multi-organ involvement in preterm neonatal encephalopathy	4
The motor optimality of infants who have had Meningitis in the first months of life: A retrospective study	4
The effect of prenatal maternal distress on offspring brain development: A systematic review	3
Functional measures on PEDI are associated with BSID-3 scales at 2 years, following neonatal surgery	3
Group trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy for parents of premature infants compared to individual therapy intervention	3
The role of prenatal testosterone-estrogen balance in the development of Os trigonum: A comparative matched-pair analysis	3
Feeding dysfunction in NICU patients with cramped synchronized movements	3
Corrigendum to “Universal maternal testing for group B streptococcus in late pregnancy: process outcomes and alongside qualitative study for the GBS3 trial” [Early Hum. Dev. 213 (2026) Page 1–5/P10644	3
Association between intermittent hypoxemia and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely premature infants: A single-center experience	3
Characteristics and special challenges of neonatal emergency transports	3
Screen time: Implications for early childhood cognitive development	3
Associations of birth size with BMI trajectories and fluctuation across adolescence and adulthood: A longitudinal study of two Finnish twin cohorts	3
Editorial Board	3
Aerobic and anaerobic competence in preterm born children at the age of 10–14 years	3
Factors influencing on gross motor skills in infants: Implications for walking development	3
Early language delay among infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy after therapeutic hypothermia: A prospective cohort study	3
Validity of the DF-MOT to detect motor developmental delays in preterm children: A comparative study with the Bayley-III	3
Association between the General Movement Optimality Score and clinical features in newborns during hospitalization: A cross-sectional study	3
Longitudinal outcomes of a parent-administered sensorimotor intervention in preterm infants at 4 and 18 months	3
Prenatal and postnatal outcomes in fetuses with ventriculomegaly: Prognostic factors insights from a single-center study	3
Reproducibility of the EL-Khuffash PDA severity score and PDA diameter measurements in extremely preterm infants	3
The predictive validity of HINE, Bayley, general movements and MOS-R in infancy	3
Test of infant motor performance: Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability in Persian infants	3
Adrenal congestion in perinatal hypoxia: Sonographic assessment and relationship with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	3
Neopterin as a marker of congenital cytomegalovirus infection	3
Association between environmental factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and functioning of infants with biological risk in the first year of life: Cross-sectional exploratory study	3
Is neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio an accurate predictor of neonatal sepsis in premature infants?	3
Eye tracking based assessment of lexical processing and early lexical development in very preterm children	3
Digit ratio (2D:4D) and neonatal head circumference: Evidence for oestrogenization in human brain evolution?	3
A systematic review on maternal and perinatal factors influencing breast development	3
Impact of low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage on neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants at two years of age	3
Educational value of YouTube videos on exercise during pregnancy: A cross-sectional analysis	3
‘Baby Liberation’ – Developing and implementing an individualised, developmentally-supportive care bundle to critically unwell infants in an Australian Paediatric Intensive Care Unit	3
Clinical factors associated with abnormal general movements of preterm newborns during hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit	3
Interaction effect of gestational age on the association between sleep and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood: A longitudinal study from birth to 24 months	3
Postnatal growth trajectories and extrauterine growth restriction in very low birth weight infants managed without routine parenteral nutrition in a resource-limited south African neonatal unit	3
The effect of music played to new birth mothers on postpartum blues: A randomized controlled trial	3
The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on functional skills, muscle strength, and trunk control in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial	3
Timing of initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy born at a high-volume urban safety net hospital	3
Does base excess predict kidney injury in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?	3
Neonatal outcomes and related risk factors of 30 cases with aplastic anemia in pregnancy: A retrospective study	3
Retrospective study of left and right ventricular strain mechanics among neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy	3
Impact of chorionicity and histological chorioamnionitis on neurodevelopment and mortality in extremely preterm twins	3
Best practice guidelines: Feeding-related cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants	3
The androgen receptor gene and criminal offending: Evidence derived from international data	3
Optimizing haemoglobin measurements in VLBW newborns: Insights from a comparative retrospective study	3
Developmental trajectories of visual orienting functions in children born very or extremely preterm	3
Wireless monitoring directly after birth in term neonates: A feasibility study	3
Assessment of an umbilical venous catheter dwell-time of 8–14 days versus 1–7 days in very low birth weight infacts (UVC – You Will See): a pilot single-center, randomized controlled trial	3
Use of the Motor Optimality Score-Revised (MOS-R) to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with congenital anomalies	3
Transcutaneous bilirubin measured on protected skin during phototherapy in term and preterm neonates	3
A longitudinal study of breastmilk feeding duration, EEG power and early academic skills	3
Neonatal pain, thalamic development and sensory processing behaviour in children born very preterm	2
Developmental cascades of behavior problems and cognitive ability from toddlerhood to middle childhood: A 9-year longitudinal study	2
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Application of desirability of outcome ranking to the milking in non-vigorous infants trial	2
New strategies for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)	2
The associations between 2D:4D ratio and behavior problems among Chinese preschool children: A cross-sectional study	2
Predictive model of neurodevelopmental outcome in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	2
Association between immediate oxygenation response and survival in preterm infants receiving rescue inhaled nitric oxide therapy for hypoxemia from pulmonary hypertension: A systematic review and meta	2
Cord blood-derived cell therapies for preterm brain injury	2
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