Biology of Sport

Article	Citations
A comparison of running and contact loads in U18 and U20 international rugby union competition	416
A comparison in knee flexor and extensor strength following ACL reconstruction in international, male soccer players receiving patellar tendon or hamstrings grafts	61
Relative age effect across the talent identification process of youth female soccer players in the United States: Influence of birth year, position, biological maturation, and skill level	47
Caffeine supplementation improves physical performance without affecting fatigue level: a double-blind crossover study	44
Does the Paleo diet affect an athlete’s health and sport performance?	43
A comprehensive assessment of caffeine’s effects on components of countermovement jump performance	41
Laboratory-based determinants of simulated time trial performance in cyclists	38
Analysis of mental and physical fatigue over the course of a professional English Premier League season in outfield players	36
Different pitch configurations constrain the external and internal loads of young professional soccer players during transition games	36
Relationships between training dose and record power outputs in professional road cyclists: insights and threats to validity	35
A novel multifactorial hamstring screening protocol: association with hamstring muscle injuries in professional football (soccer) – a prospective cohort study	35
Movement patterns and player load: insights from professional padel	33
Ten-minute warm-up in hot climate best assists thermal comfort, muscular power output, and fatigue, during soccer-specific repeated-sprint ability	30
Application of acute pre-exercise partial-body cryotherapy promotes jump performance, salivary-amylase and athlete readiness	30
Association between polymorphism rs6295 of HTR1A serotonin receptor gene and personality traits among athletes of combat sport	30
Return to performance: machine learning insights into how absence time following muscle injuries affects match running performance in LaLiga soccer players	29
Comparison of the external load of professional goalkeepers in different weekly training sessions	29
Effects of daily use of intermittent pneumatic compression in competitive handball players: A randomized controlled trial	29
Are EFI data valuable? Evidence from the 2022 FIFA World Cup group stage	29
Core training and performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis	27
Blood flow restriction as a post-exercise recovery strategy: A systematic review of the current status of the literature	25
Weekly external load distribution in football teams of different competitive levels	24
The effect of two sessions of combined jump and sprint training per week on fitness parameters in soccer players. A randomized controlled trial	23
Small-sided games in amateur players: rule modification with mini-goals to induce lower external load responses	23
Effects of a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programme on submaximal exercise in Tunisian patients with long-COVID19: A randomized clinical trial	23

International matches elicit stable mechanical workload in high-level female ice hockey	22
Load distribution across weekly microcycles according to match schedule in a team competing in the Australian national A-League Women’s soccer competition	21
Impact of defensive team variables on goals conceded in the first division of the Spanish soccer league: a 10-year study	21
Different time course recovery of muscle oedema within the quadriceps femoris and functional performance after single- vs multi-joint exercises	20
Are fluctuations in physical performance affected by contextual factors in women’s handball matches? An analysis using five-minute fixed phases	20
Comparison of the worst-case scenarios between training and competition weeks for each playing position in an elite football season	19
Association of the IL1A and IL6 polymorphisms with posttraining changes in body mass, composition, and biochemical parameters in Caucasian women	19
Influence of contextual factors on most demanding scenarios in under-19 professional soccer players	19
Intra-unit reliability and movement variability of submission grappling external load as measured by torso mounted accelerometery	19
Effects of melatonin ingestion on physical performance and biochemical responses following exhaustive running exercise in soccer players	18
Optimal velocity loss threshold for inducing post activation potentiation in track and field athletes	18
Kinetics of skin temperature in lower limbs of professional soccer athletes	18
Reference values for collective tactical behaviours based on positional data in professional football matches: a systematic review	18
An ecological investigation of average and peak external load intensities of basketball skills and game-based training drills	18
The associations between physical-test performance and match performance in women’s rugby sevens players	18
Warm-up optimization in amateur male soccer players: A comparison of small-sided games and traditional warm-up routines on physical fitness qualities	18
Reliability, interrelationships, and minimal detectable changes in strength and power metrics among well-trained rugby sevens players	17
Training periodization for a world-class 400 meters individual medley swimmer	17
Validity of a low-cost friction encoder for measuring velocity, force and power in flywheel exercise devices	17
‘Setting the Benchmark’ Part 4: Contextualising the Match Demands of Teams at the FIFA Women’s World Cup Australia and New Zealand 2023	16
Acute effects of beetroot juice vs. creatine supplementation on maximal strength, autonomic regulation, and muscle oxygenation during incremental resistance exercise	16
More injury stoppage time in women compared to men in elite level football tournaments: Retrospective comparison of match injuries in 2018 FIFA Men’s World Cup and 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup	16
Late-stage rehabilitation effects do not differ between quadriceps and hamstring tendon autograft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a multicentre propensity score-matched case-control	16
Guidelines for performing systematic reviews in sports science	16
Hamstring muscle fibre typology is not associated with hamstring strain injury history or performance in amateur male soccer players: a retrospective magnetic resonance spectroscopy study	15
Physical qualities and body composition predictors of running performance in national level women’s official soccer matches	15
Comparison of the effects of different foam rolling durations on knee extensors function	15
Impact of movement tempo on bar velocity and time under tension in resistance exercises with different external loads	15
Application of arbitrary and individualized load quantification strategies over the weekly microcycle in professional soccer players	14
Match running performance is influenced by possession and team formation in an English Premier League team	14
The effect of α-lactalbumin consumption on sleep quality and quantity in female rugby union athletes: a field-based study	14
An overview and prediction of 100 mm performance over 40 years during the Athletics World Championships	14
Monitoring physical match performance relative to peak locomotor demands: implications for training professional soccer players	14
Disentangling the dynamic interplay between muscle damage and energetics in male boxers during a short training block	14
Multivariate analysis of teams’ physical performances in official football matches in LaLiga 2023–24	14
Applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in “anaerobic” diagnostics – SmO 2 kinetics reflect PCr dephosphorylation and correlate with maximal lactate accumulation and maximal pedalling rate	14
The effect of physical exercise during competitions and in simulated conditions on hormonal-neurophysiological relationships in kickboxers	14
Perception and application of flywheel training by professional soccer practitioners	13
Do all matches require the same effort? Influence of contextual factors on physical demands during official female handball competitions	13
Female football players’ key physical qualities: playing-position specific comparison between national-team selected and non-selected players	13
Running demands and activity profile of men’s rugby sevens: a tournament scenario	13
Fatigue score as a promising complementing training monitoring tool: a pilot study in elite rugby sevens players	13
Effects of linear versus curvilinear sprint training on multidirectional speed in young soccer players: a randomized parallel-group trial	13
Do small-sided games prepare players for the worst-case scenarios of match play in elite young soccer players?	13
Internal and external load during 8 v 8, 5 v 5 and 3 v 3 in Chinese elite youth male football players	13
Physiological responses after two different Crossfit workouts	13
The influence of menstrual cycle phase on neuromuscular performance and subjective perception of effort in elite football players	13
Establishing reference values for tensiomyography-derived parameters in soccer players: insights from a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression	12
Contextualized acceleration and deceleration profiles of elite soccer players during English Premier League match-play. The effect of possession, positional demands and opponent ranking	12
Effectiveness of the Functional Movement Screen for assessment of injury risk occurrence in football players	12

Sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation: Is combining both better than either alone? A systematic review and meta-analysis	12
Mind, body, and shuttle: multidimensional benchmarks for talent identification in male youth badminton	12
Effect of alterations in whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) exposure on post-match recovery markers in elite Premier League soccer players	12
Effects of squatting with elastic bands or conventional resistance - training equipment at different effort levels in post-exercise intraocular pressure of healthy men	12
A comparison of morning priming exercise using traditional-set and cluster-set configurations on afternoon explosive performance	12
The effects of training type and area size variations on the physiological and session rating of perceived exertion responses during male judo matches	12
Hamstring muscle architecture and myotonometer measurements in elite professional football players with a prior strained hamstring	12
Effectiveness of short vs. long-distance sprint training on sprinting and agility performance in young soccer players	12
Knee isokinetic strength benchmarks in athletes across sports categories and performance levels	12
Fitness and fatness in children and adolescents: investigating their role in the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health	12
Contextualised high-intensity running profiles of elite football players with reference to general and specialised tactical roles	12
Effects of 24 weeks of collagen supplementation in active adults: Impact on body composition, neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory fitness	12
Reproducibility and quality of hypertrophy-related training plans generated by GPT-4 and Google Gemini as evaluated by coaching experts	12
Genetic profile of sports climbing athletes from three different ethnicities	11
Physical fitness in professional padel: performance differences according to players’ gender and playing side position	11
Physiological, technical, and time-motion responses according to small-sided game formats and pitch size variations in adolescent male soccer players: effects of biological maturity status	11
Physical activity shifts gut microbiota structure in aged subjects with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome	11
Genetic prediction of lower limb isometric strength changes after 12 weeks of resistance training	11
Recreational soccer and basketball improve anthropometric, body composition and health-related outcomes in overweight and obese young adults: A randomized multi-arm study	11
Relationships between training load and wellbeing measures across a full season: a study of Turkish national youth wrestlers	11
Top-class women’s soccer performance: peak demands and distribution of the match activities relative to maximal intensities during official matches	11
Exercise intensity and reliability during recreational team handball training for 50–77-year-old unexperienced women	11
Utilisation of performance markers to establish the effectiveness of cold-water immersion as a recovery modality in elite football.	11
Effects of re-warm-up protocols on the physical performance of soccer players: A systematic review with meta-analysis	10
Effects of different ischemic pressures on bar velocity during the bench press exercise: A randomized crossover trial	10
The mediating effect of force and velocity changes on power output enhancement in bench press throw after submaximal isometric conditioning activity in trained males	10
FIFA World Cup 2022: What can we learn from the inspiring Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games held in COVID-19 times?	10
A novel application of entropy analysis for assessing changes in movement variability during cumulative tackles in young elite rugby league players	10
Exploring sex differences in blood-based biomarkers following exhaustive exercise using bioinformatics analysis	10
The relationship between internal and external loads as a tool to monitor physical fitness status of team sport athletes: a systematic review	10
Practices of strength and conditioning coaches in professional sports: a systematic review	10
Effects of free play or artificial rules on young soccer players’ individual tactical behaviour: a one-by-one analysis	10
Effects of post-tetanic potentiation induced by whole-body electrostimulation and post-activation potentiation on maximum isometric strength	9
Effects of low-volume court-based sprint interval training on aerobic capacity and sport-specific endurance performance in competitive tennis players	9
Influence of game and quarter results on external peak demands during games in under-18 years, male basketball players	9
Creatine and creatinine quantification in olympic athletes: dried blood spot analysis pilot study	9
Different sizes of position games and official matches in youth professional soccer player	9
Effect of different eccentric tempos on hypertrophy and strength of the lower limbs	9
Association of the GALNTL6 polymorphism with muscle strength in Japanese athletes	9
Biological maturity but not relative age biases exist in female international youth soccer players relative to the general population	9
Relationships between weekly changes in salivary hormonal responses and load measures during the pre-season phase in professional male basketball players	9
Possession or position games: What is the key in soccer?	9
Comparison of running and accelerometry variables based on match outcome, match location and quality of opponent in elite professional soccer players. A five-season study	9
Crucial workload variables in female-male elite Brazilian Beach Handball: An exploratory factor analysis	9
Effects of mental fatigue on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance in different small-sided soccer games	9
Validity and reproducibility of match-derived ratios of selected external and internal load parameters in soccer players: A simple way to monitor physical fitness?	8
Effective playing time affects physical match performance in soccer: An analysis according to playing position	8
Ages at peak height velocity in male soccer players 11–16 years: relationships with skeletal age and comparisons among longitudinal studies	8
Establishing reference values for the match running performances of thirteen specific positional roles at UEFA Euro 2024	8
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism rs6265 and elite athlete status in four independent populations	8
Effect of goalkeepers’ offensive participation on team performance in the women Spanish La Liga: a multinomial logistic regression analysis	8
The effect of combining HIIT and dry-land training on strength, technique, and 100-m butterfly swimming performance in age-group swimmers: a randomized controlled trial	8
The relationships between distances covered above generic and relative speed thresholds by male soccer players in English Premier League matches across two competitive seasons. The effects of position	8
Inflammatory cytokines and metabolic responses to high-intensity intermittent training: effect of the exercise intensity	8
Body composition adaptations to lower-body plyometric training: a systematic review and meta-analysis	8
Peak match sprinting speed during soccer matches: analysing the pre- and post-peak speed dynamics	8
Relationship between aerobic fitness and metabolic power metrics in elite male soccer players	8
Testing distance characteristics and reference values for ice-hockey straight sprint speed and acceleration. A systematic review and meta-analyses.	8
Do conditioning focused various-sided training games prepare elite youth male soccer players for the demands of competition?	8
Rethinking knee injury prevention strategies: joint-by-joint training approach paradigm versus traditional focused knee strengthening	8
The acute leukocyte and cytokine response of older adults to resistance exercise in normobaric hypoxia	8
Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part I: epidemiological analysis	8
Accumulative weekly load in a professional football team: with special reference to match playing time and game position	8
Mpox in sports: A comprehensive framework for anticipatory planning and risk mitigation in football based on lessons from COVID-19	8
Recovery following the extra-time period of soccer: practitioner perspectives and applied practices	7
Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part II: Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors	7
Monitoring training load in youth soccer players: effects of a six-week preparatory training program and the associations between external and internal loads	7
Eccentric overload differences between loads and training variables on flywheel training	7
Unlocking dynamics of goal-scoring: the showdown between direct and indirect transition goals across football leagues	7
Effects of plyometric training performed on different surfaces and with different types of footwear on the neuromuscular performance of team-sport athletes: A systematic review	7
Effects of playing 1 vs 3 matches in a one-week period on physical performance in young soccer players	7
One hour of internal precooling with cold water/menthol enhances cycling performance in a heat/wet stress environment: A pilot study	7
Normative cardiorespiratory values in Italian first-division male soccer players: effects of age, playing position and season phase	7
The positional demands of explosive actions in elite soccer: Comparison of English Premier League and French Ligue 1	7
Acute effects of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on angle-specific change of direction ability, flexibility and reactive strength in male basketball players	7
Multi-phase, multi-ethnic GWAS uncovers putative loci in predisposition to elite sprint and power performance, health and disease	7
Comparison of acute and prolonged effects of short-term foam rolling and vibration foam rolling on the properties of knee extensors	7
Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player’s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials	7
Analysing substitutions in recent World Cups and European Championships in male and female elite football – influence of new substitution rules	7
Recreational 3 × 3 basketball elicits higher heart rate, enjoyment, and physical activity intensities but lower blood lactate and perceived exertion compared to HIIT in active young adults	7

Large-scale sporting events during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar with an analysis of patterns of COVID-19 metrics	7
Effects of changing the head coach on soccer team’s performance: A systematic review	7
Training elite youth soccer players: area per player in small-sided games to replicate the match demands	7
Players’ performance during worst-case scenarios in professional soccer matches: a systematic review	7
Body size, maturation and motor performance in young soccer players: relationship to technical actions in small-sided games	7
Variability of internal and external loads and technical/tactical outcomes during small-sided soccer games: a systematic review	6
Unveiling the gap: technical-tactical performance differences between main and qualifying draws in professional padel	6
Characterizing microcycles’ workload when combining two days structure within single training sessions during congested fixtures in an elite male soccer team	6
Global disease burden attributed to low physical activity in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study	6
Fractures in professional footballers: 7-years data from 106 team seasons in the Middle East	6
Management of proximal rectus femoris injuries – do we know what we’re doing?: A systematic review	6
Acceleration-speed profiles in LaLiga: the influence of initial running speed and differences between positional roles in elite football players	6
Effects of pitch size on soccer players’ physiological, physical, technical, and tactical responses during small-sided games: a meta-analytical comparison	6
Hamstring muscle injury is preceded by a short period of higher running demands in professional football players	6
The effects of varying inertial loadings on power variables in the flywheel romanian deadlift exercise	6
Is muscle stiffness a determinant for range of motion in the leg muscles?	6
High fat diet improves metabolic flexibility during progressive exercise to exhaustion (VO 2 max testing) and during 5km running time trials	6
The load-velocity relationship in the jump squat exercise	6
Effects of intensified training and tapering periods using different exercise modalities on judo-specific physical test performances	6
„Brain doping” substances: prohibited or not in sports?	6
Contextualised peak periods of play in English Premier League matches	6
Transfer of strength training to running mechanics, energetics, and efficiency	6
Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers	6
Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review	6
Association between internal training load and muscle injuries in Brazilian professional soccer players	6
Comparison of training and match load between metabolic and running speed metrics of professional Spanish soccer players by playing position	5
Current practices in physical fitness assessment and monitoring among coaches of individual and team sports: a survey in Portugal, Spain, and Romania	5
Analysis of sleep quality and quantity during a half-season in world-class handball players	5
Reliability, criterion-concurrent validity, and construct-discriminant validity of a head-marking version of the taekwondo anaerobic intermittent kick test	5
Analysis of goal scoring patterns in the UEFA Women’s EURO 2022	5
The relationship between the 1200 m shuttle test and 40 m sprint test performance and distances covered in English Premier League matches: A retrospective two season study	5
Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack supplementation on eccentric leg press exercise-induced muscle damage in rugby players	5
Investigation of the involvement of platelet-activating factor in the control of hypertension by aerobic training. A randomized controlled trial	5
The mean and peak physical demands during transitional play and high pressure activities in elite football	5
The ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism is associated with athletic status and muscle strength in a Japanese population	5
Effect of team quality on offensive playing style and ball possessions development during the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup	5
Effects of unilateral vs. bilateral resistance training interventions on measures of strength, jump, linear and change of direction speed: a systematic review and meta-analysis	5
Core body temperature responses during competitive sporting events: a narrative review	5
‘Setting the Benchmark’ Part 2: Contextualising the Physical Demands of Teams in the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022	5
Resisted sprint training with partner towing improves explosive force and sprint performance in young soccer players- a pilot study	5
The isometric horizontal push test correlates with jumping and sprinting performance among athletes and recreationally active controls	5
Relationships between physical fitness and match running demands during a futsal congested-weeks training camp	5
Do small samples bias the correlation between strength and jump performance? Multivariate insights into age and sex amidst strength saturation: an analysis of 1,544 participants from different sports	5
Match running performance is similar in lower and higher competitive standards of Spanish professional soccer accounting for effective playing time	5
N-Lactoyl amino acids as metabolic biomarkers differentiating low and high exercise response	5
Association of leisure-time aerobic physical activity time with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension: a study based on NHANES database	5
Does a linear position transducer placed on a stick and belt provide sufficient validity and reliability of countermovement jump performance outcomes?	5
Reliability and validity of a modified Illinois change-of-direction test with ball dribbling speed in young soccer players	5
Test-retest reliability of isometric mid-thigh pull maximum strength assessment: a systematic review	5
Reference levels of mean and peak anaerobic power for male and female long-track speed skaters	5
Typical weekly physical periodization in French academy soccer teams: a survey	5
Genetic markers and predictive model for individual differences in countermovement jump enhancement after resistance training	5
Physical and technical performance in and after the worst-case scenario in matches of the Chinese Super League of soccer	5
Estimated annual increments in stature and weight among soccer players 11–18 years	5
Can physical exercise modify intestinal integrity and gut microbiota composition? A systematic review of in vivo studies	5
Acute effects of different external compression with blood flow restriction on force-velocity profile during squat and bench press exercises	4
Biological maturity vs. relative age: Independent impact on physical performance in male and female youth handball players	4
Effects of 6 weeks in-season flywheel squat resistance training on strength, vertical jump, change of direction and sprint performance in professional female soccer players	4
Validation of session ratings of perceived exertion for quantifying training load in karate kata sessions	4
Analyzing soccer match sprint distances: A comparison of GPS-based absolute and relative thresholds	4
A post-exercise infrared sauna session improves recovery of neuromuscular performance and muscle soreness after resistance exercise training	4
Maximum strength and power as determinants of on-ice sprint performance in elite U16 to adult ice hockey players	4
Heavier loads in flywheel exercise induce greater post-activation performance enhancement in countermovement jumps compared to heavy Smith machine squats in males	4
Tell me how much your opponent team runs and I will tell you how much you should run: A predictive model applied to Spanish high-level football	4
Comparison of NIRS exercise intensity thresholds with maximal lactate steady state, critical power and rowing performance	4
Effect of a high-intensity short-duration cycling elevation training mask on VO2max and anaerobic power. A randomized controlled trial	4
Impact of evening blue light exposure timing on sleep, motor, and cognitive performance in young athletes with intermediate chronotype	4
The effects of different ischemic conditioning on strength training recovery	4
Level of anxiety and results of psychomotor tests in young soccer players of different performance levels	4
An eight-weeks resistance training programme with elastic band increases some performance-related parameters in pubertal male volleyball players	4
How different training sessions affect the sleep of professional soccer players	4
Is moderate-intensity interval training more tolerable than high-intensity interval training in adults with obesity?	4
Higher evening metabolic responses contribute to diurnal variation of self-paced cycling performance	4
Arbitrary absolute vs. individualized running speed thresholds in team sports: A scoping review with evidence gap map	4
Acute effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on sprint and change of direction performance: A systematic review and metaanalysis	4
Dose-response and time-lagged effect of daily training load on athlete well-being during an international rugby series	4
Association analysis of the dopaminergic receptor 2 gene Tag1B rs1079597 and personality traits among a cohort of professional athletes	4
A comparison of activity demands between trial matches and in-season matches across multiple teams and seasons in semi-professional, male rugby league players	4
Artificial intelligence in sport: Exploring the potential of using ChatGPT in resistance training prescription	4
Effect of tissue flossing on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage: A randomized controlled trial	4
Ramadan intermittent fasting induced poorer training practices during the COVID-19 lockdown: A global cross-sectional study with 5529 athletes from 110 countries	4
Limb-belt resisted sprint training improves physical fitness and ball-throw velocity in pubertal handball players	4
Does beta-alanine supplementation enhance adaptations to resistance training? A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study	4
Cyclists do not need to incorporate off-bike resistance training to increase strength, muscle-tendon structure, and pedaling performance: Exploring a high-intensity on-bike method	4
Factors determining sports results in elite national volleyball teams between 2004 and 2016	4
The association of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism with sports specificity in Japanese elite athletes	4
Physiological responses of small-sided vs. regular games in youth volleyball players	4
Effects of light- vs. heavy-load squat training on velocity, strength, power, and total mechanical work in recreationally trained men and women	4
Quercetin supplementation promotes recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	4
Erratum to: Effects of plyometric-based structured game active breaks on fundamental movement skills, muscular fitness, self-perception, and actual behaviour in primary school students	4
Position specific physical demands in different phases of competitive matches in national level women’s football	4