Biology of Sport

Article	Citations
A comparison of running and contact loads in U18 and U20 international rugby union competition	592
Does the Paleo diet affect an athlete’s health and sport performance?	89
Analysis of mental and physical fatigue over the course of a professional English Premier League season in outfield players	67
How do muscle injuries relate to return-to-performance metrics in male elite football players?	57
The effectiveness of differential learning in small-sided soccer games for skill development in U20 amateur male players	53
A comparison in knee flexor and extensor strength following ACL reconstruction in international, male soccer players receiving patellar tendon or hamstrings grafts	51
Relationships between training dose and record power outputs in professional road cyclists: insights and threats to validity	51
Data-driven classification of playing styles and match outcome prediction in UEFA Champions League teams	51
Laboratory-based determinants of simulated time trial performance in cyclists	50
Different pitch configurations constrain the external and internal loads of young professional soccer players during transition games	43
Relative age effect across the talent identification process of youth female soccer players in the United States: Influence of birth year, position, biological maturation, and skill level	41
Effects of daily use of intermittent pneumatic compression in competitive handball players: A randomized controlled trial	40
Core training and performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis	36
A new conceptual framework for managing hamstring injury risk in soccer – implementing a data-informed approach: a narrative review	33
Return to performance: machine learning insights into how absence time following muscle injuries affects match running performance in LaLiga soccer players	33
Are EFI data valuable? Evidence from the 2022 FIFA World Cup group stage	31
Movement patterns and player load: insights from professional padel	31
Comparison of the external load of professional goalkeepers in different weekly training sessions	29
Intra-unit reliability and movement variability of submission grappling external load as measured by torso mounted accelerometery	26
Association between polymorphism rs6295 of HTR1A serotonin receptor gene and personality traits among athletes of combat sport	26
Interaction effects between possession status and percentage: insights from modeling match-running performance across possession status in male soccer	24
Weekly external load distribution in football teams of different competitive levels	24
The impact of caffeine-mediated gut microbiota regulation on the athletic performance of football players	22
Load distribution across weekly microcycles according to match schedule in a team competing in the Australian national A-League Women’s soccer competition	22
A professional assessment of training plans for muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength developed by generative artificial intelligence	21

The effect of two sessions of combined jump and sprint training per week on fitness parameters in soccer players. A randomized controlled trial	21
Impact of defensive team variables on goals conceded in the first division of the Spanish soccer league: a 10-year study	21
Influence of contextual factors on most demanding scenarios in under-19 professional soccer players	20
Different time course recovery of muscle oedema within the quadriceps femoris and functional performance after single- vs multi-joint exercises	19
The influence of functional kinematic asymmetry on maximum speed performance in repeated sprints	19
Effects of a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programme on submaximal exercise in Tunisian patients with long-COVID19: A randomized clinical trial	19
Blood flow restriction as a post-exercise recovery strategy: A systematic review of the current status of the literature	19
Kinetics of skin temperature in lower limbs of professional soccer athletes	19
Are fluctuations in physical performance affected by contextual factors in women’s handball matches? An analysis using five-minute fixed phases	19
Comparison of the worst-case scenarios between training and competition weeks for each playing position in an elite football season	19
Association of the IL1A and IL6 polymorphisms with posttraining changes in body mass, composition, and biochemical parameters in Caucasian women	19
More details, less variability? A crossover design study on the impact of information granularity on ChatGPT’s training program stability	18
An ecological investigation of average and peak external load intensities of basketball skills and game-based training drills	17
Match demands and physical qualities of female athletes in Australian football, rugby union, rugby sevens, and rugby league: a scoping review	17
Reliability, interrelationships, and minimal detectable changes in strength and power metrics among well-trained rugby sevens players	17
Warm-up optimization in amateur male soccer players: A comparison of small-sided games and traditional warm-up routines on physical fitness qualities	17
Optimal velocity loss threshold for inducing post activation potentiation in track and field athletes	17
The associations between physical-test performance and match performance in women’s rugby sevens players	17
Late-stage rehabilitation effects do not differ between quadriceps and hamstring tendon autograft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a multicentre propensity score-matched case-control	16
‘Setting the Benchmark’ Part 4: Contextualising the Match Demands of Teams at the FIFA Women’s World Cup Australia and New Zealand 2023	16
Comparison of the effects of different foam rolling durations on knee extensors function	16
Exploring the potential synergistic pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine on exercise performance: a placebo-balanced study	16
More injury stoppage time in women compared to men in elite level football tournaments: Retrospective comparison of match injuries in 2018 FIFA Men’s World Cup and 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup	16
Longitudinal cohort study on subsequent injury risk in professional football players in the Qatar Stars League: a probabilistic approach using basic learning	16
Validity of a low-cost friction encoder for measuring velocity, force and power in flywheel exercise devices	16
Disentangling the dynamic interplay between muscle damage and energetics in male boxers during a short training block	15
Physical qualities and body composition predictors of running performance in national level women’s official soccer matches	15
Acute effects of beetroot juice vs. creatine supplementation on maximal strength, autonomic regulation, and muscle oxygenation during incremental resistance exercise	15
The role of artificial intelligence in sports training: opportunities, challenges and future applications for competitive swimming	15
Reaching higher, landing harder: classifying individualized jump intensity zones and ground impact forces in professional male and female volleyball matches	15
The effect of α-lactalbumin consumption on sleep quality and quantity in female rugby union athletes: a field-based study	14
Multivariate analysis of teams’ physical performances in official football matches in LaLiga 2023–24	14
Effects of eccentric- and concentric-based plyometric programmes on strength, speed and tensiomyography parameters of female athletes	14
An overview and prediction of 100 mm performance over 40 years during the Athletics World Championships	14
A novel combination of genomic loci in ITGB2, COL5A1 and VEGFA associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture susceptibility: insights from Australian, Polish, Swedish, and South African cohort	14
Hamstring muscle fibre typology is not associated with hamstring strain injury history or performance in amateur male soccer players: a retrospective magnetic resonance spectroscopy study	14
Reciprocal relationships between sleep quality, mental health and the quality of life in elite athletes: A pilot study	14
Do small-sided games prepare players for the worst-case scenarios of match play in elite young soccer players?	13
Match running performance is influenced by possession and team formation in an English Premier League team	13
The effect of physical exercise during competitions and in simulated conditions on hormonal-neurophysiological relationships in kickboxers	13
Return of match running performance following muscle strain injuries of varying severity in professional football	13
Applications of near-infrared spectroscopy in “anaerobic” diagnostics – SmO 2 kinetics reflect PCr dephosphorylation and correlate with maximal lactate accumulation and maximal pedalling rate	13
Enhancing physical performance with ischemic preconditioning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of moderators and performance outcomes	13
Application of arbitrary and individualized load quantification strategies over the weekly microcycle in professional soccer players	13
Monitoring physical match performance relative to peak locomotor demands: implications for training professional soccer players	13
A comparison of morning priming exercise using traditional-set and cluster-set configurations on afternoon explosive performance	12
Fitness and fatness in children and adolescents: investigating their role in the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health	12
Fatigue score as a promising complementing training monitoring tool: a pilot study in elite rugby sevens players	12
Knee isokinetic strength benchmarks in athletes across sports categories and performance levels	12
Effects of linear versus curvilinear sprint training on multidirectional speed in young soccer players: a randomized parallel-group trial	12

Female football players’ key physical qualities: playing-position specific comparison between national-team selected and non-selected players	12
The influence of menstrual cycle phase on neuromuscular performance and subjective perception of effort in elite football players	12
Injury incidence, burden and associated risk factors in walking football players	12
Twenty-four weeks of combined exercise training prevents metabolic syndrome progression in adult women: evidence from a randomized controlled trial	12
Contextualized acceleration and deceleration profiles of elite soccer players during English Premier League match-play. The effect of possession, positional demands and opponent ranking	12
The effects of training type and area size variations on the physiological and session rating of perceived exertion responses during male judo matches	11
Hamstring muscle architecture and myotonometer measurements in elite professional football players with a prior strained hamstring	11
Top-class women’s soccer performance: peak demands and distribution of the match activities relative to maximal intensities during official matches	11
Effectiveness of short vs. long-distance sprint training on sprinting and agility performance in young soccer players	11
Contextualised high-intensity running profiles of elite football players with reference to general and specialised tactical roles	11
Genetic prediction of lower limb isometric strength changes after 12 weeks of resistance training	11
Assessing the contributions of technical error and biological variability to error of measurement in reliability studies	11
Establishing reference values for tensiomyography-derived parameters in soccer players: insights from a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression	11
Reproducibility and quality of hypertrophy-related training plans generated by GPT-4 and Google Gemini as evaluated by coaching experts	11
Effects of 24 weeks of collagen supplementation in active adults: Impact on body composition, neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory fitness	11
Do all matches require the same effort? Influence of contextual factors on physical demands during official female handball competitions	11
Physical activity shifts gut microbiota structure in aged subjects with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome	10
Effects of movement velocity in squat training with and without blood flow restriction	10
Relationships between training load and wellbeing measures across a full season: a study of Turkish national youth wrestlers	10
Repeated sprint training induces prolonged residual fatigue compared to other high-intensity interval training modalities in middle-distance runners	10
Effects of low-volume court-based sprint interval training on aerobic capacity and sport-specific endurance performance in competitive tennis players	10
The mediating effect of force and velocity changes on power output enhancement in bench press throw after submaximal isometric conditioning activity in trained males	10
Sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation: Is combining both better than either alone? A systematic review and meta-analysis	10
Recreational soccer and basketball improve anthropometric, body composition and health-related outcomes in overweight and obese young adults: A randomized multi-arm study	10
A novel application of entropy analysis for assessing changes in movement variability during cumulative tackles in young elite rugby league players	10
Sex dimorphism in serum lipid dynamics after acute exhaustive exercise	10
Different sizes of position games and official matches in youth professional soccer player	10
Effects of different ischemic pressures on bar velocity during the bench press exercise: A randomized crossover trial	10
Key performance indicators of offensive transitions in elite women’s football: a machine learning and explainability approach	10
Does curvilinear sprint training with different radii improve multidirectional speed and sprint mechanics in youth soccer players?	10
Physiological, technical, and time-motion responses according to small-sided game formats and pitch size variations in adolescent male soccer players: effects of biological maturity status	10
Physical fitness in professional padel: performance differences according to players’ gender and playing side position	10
Effects of re-warm-up protocols on the physical performance of soccer players: A systematic review with meta-analysis	10
Association of the GALNTL6 polymorphism with muscle strength in Japanese athletes	10
Exercise intensity and reliability during recreational team handball training for 50–77-year-old unexperienced women	10
Influence of game and quarter results on external peak demands during games in under-18 years, male basketball players	9
Possession or position games: What is the key in soccer?	9
Exploring sex differences in blood-based biomarkers following exhaustive exercise using bioinformatics analysis	9
Can OpenCap deliver valid and reliable kinematic data for motion analysis? A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis	9
Relationships between weekly changes in salivary hormonal responses and load measures during the pre-season phase in professional male basketball players	9
Are decorin gene variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture susceptibility?	9
Comparison of running and accelerometry variables based on match outcome, match location and quality of opponent in elite professional soccer players. A five-season study	9
Influence of contextualized physical performance metrics on offensive and defensive outcomes in professional football players	9
Biological maturity but not relative age biases exist in female international youth soccer players relative to the general population	8
Rethinking knee injury prevention strategies: joint-by-joint training approach paradigm versus traditional focused knee strengthening	8
Current approaches to measuring high-intensity locomotor actions in adult male professional soccer. A scoping review	8
Force vs. impulse: assessing the applicability of dynamic strength indices in individualized training recommendations	8
Resistance priming strategies in professional Spanish soccer: A survey study into the practices and perceptions of strength and conditioning coaches	8
Validity and reproducibility of match-derived ratios of selected external and internal load parameters in soccer players: A simple way to monitor physical fitness?	8
Crucial workload variables in female-male elite Brazilian Beach Handball: An exploratory factor analysis	8
The relationships between distances covered above generic and relative speed thresholds by male soccer players in English Premier League matches across two competitive seasons. The effects of position	8
Training characteristics of male and female World Tour professional road cyclists before the competitive phase	8
Effects of free play or artificial rules on young soccer players’ individual tactical behaviour: a one-by-one analysis	8
The effect of combining HIIT and dry-land training on strength, technique, and 100-m butterfly swimming performance in age-group swimmers: a randomized controlled trial	8
Associations of physical activity domains and delayed biological aging: assessing heterogeneity and interaction of effects	8
Establishing reference values for the match running performances of thirteen specific positional roles at UEFA Euro 2024	8
Peak match sprinting speed during soccer matches: analysing the pre- and post-peak speed dynamics	7
Testing distance characteristics and reference values for ice-hockey straight sprint speed and acceleration. A systematic review and meta-analyses.	7
Normative cardiorespiratory values in Italian first-division male soccer players: effects of age, playing position and season phase	7
Effective playing time affects physical match performance in soccer: An analysis according to playing position	7
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism rs6265 and elite athlete status in four independent populations	7
The acute leukocyte and cytokine response of older adults to resistance exercise in normobaric hypoxia	7
Monitoring training load in youth soccer players: effects of a six-week preparatory training program and the associations between external and internal loads	7
Ages at peak height velocity in male soccer players 11–16 years: relationships with skeletal age and comparisons among longitudinal studies	7
Effect of plyometric training based on the integral reactive strength index of national-level jumpers and sprinters. A randomized crossover trial	7
Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part I: epidemiological analysis	7
Pupil dynamics reveal preparatory processes in the generation of pro-saccades and anti-saccades in open skill sports athletes	7
Why do parents sign their children up for soccer in the United States?	6
Unlocking dynamics of goal-scoring: the showdown between direct and indirect transition goals across football leagues	6
Weekday-specific associations of movement behaviors with body composition in preschool children: A compositional data analysis	6
Acute effects of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on angle-specific change of direction ability, flexibility and reactive strength in male basketball players	6
Do players in Spanish professional soccer leagues maintain match running performance until the end of the match? A 5-minute interval analysis by match participation	6
Analysing substitutions in recent World Cups and European Championships in male and female elite football – influence of new substitution rules	6
Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part II: Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors	6
Effects of changing the head coach on soccer team’s performance: A systematic review	6
Is muscle stiffness a determinant for range of motion in the leg muscles?	6
Eccentric overload differences between loads and training variables on flywheel training	6
Multi-phase, multi-ethnic GWAS uncovers putative loci in predisposition to elite sprint and power performance, health and disease	6
Body size, maturation and motor performance in young soccer players: relationship to technical actions in small-sided games	6
Possession in motion: a five-season analysis of running in-possession and out-of-possession with match outcomes in the English Premier League	6

The effect of virtual and augmented reality training on soccer players: a systematic review of cognitive-motor performance	6
Recreational 3 × 3 basketball elicits higher heart rate, enjoyment, and physical activity intensities but lower blood lactate and perceived exertion compared to HIIT in active young adults	6
Effect of goalkeepers’ offensive participation on team performance in the women Spanish La Liga: a multinomial logistic regression analysis	6
Comparison of acute and prolonged effects of short-term foam rolling and vibration foam rolling on the properties of knee extensors	6
Global disease burden attributed to low physical activity in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study	6
High fat diet improves metabolic flexibility during progressive exercise to exhaustion (VO 2 max testing) and during 5km running time trials	6
Seasonal changes and variability of physical match demands in a highly trained female soccer team	6
Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers	6
Mpox in sports: A comprehensive framework for anticipatory planning and risk mitigation in football based on lessons from COVID-19	6
Growth, maturity status and performance of youth soccer players by playing status as adults	6
Aging reimagined: Bridging clinical modulation and scientific breakthroughs	6
Large-scale sporting events during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar with an analysis of patterns of COVID-19 metrics	6
One hour of internal precooling with cold water/menthol enhances cycling performance in a heat/wet stress environment: A pilot study	6
The positional demands of explosive actions in elite soccer: Comparison of English Premier League and French Ligue 1	6
The influence of contextual factors on the physical demands of soccer match-play	6
Effects of plyometric training performed on different surfaces and with different types of footwear on the neuromuscular performance of team-sport athletes: A systematic review	6
Effects of a 6-week horizontal speed deceleration training on measures of physical fitness in youth tennis players	5
Reference levels of mean and peak anaerobic power for male and female long-track speed skaters	5
Fractures in professional footballers: 7-years data from 106 team seasons in the Middle East	5
Technical-tactical performance of Spanish female basketball players in first division (2013–2022): effects of match outcome, location, and playing position	5
The load-velocity relationship in the jump squat exercise	5
A matter of time or timing: longitudinal analysis of sensitive periods for linear running speed performance and development in elite youth soccer	5
The relationship between the 1200 m shuttle test and 40 m sprint test performance and distances covered in English Premier League matches: A retrospective two season study	5
Unveiling the gap: technical-tactical performance differences between main and qualifying draws in professional padel	5
Do small samples bias the correlation between strength and jump performance? Multivariate insights into age and sex amidst strength saturation: an analysis of 1,544 participants from different sports	5
Acceleration-speed profiles in LaLiga: the influence of initial running speed and differences between positional roles in elite football players	5
Association between internal training load and muscle injuries in Brazilian professional soccer players	5
Effects of pitch size on soccer players’ physiological, physical, technical, and tactical responses during small-sided games: a meta-analytical comparison	5
„Brain doping” substances: prohibited or not in sports?	5
Management of proximal rectus femoris injuries – do we know what we’re doing?: A systematic review	5
Characterizing microcycles’ workload when combining two days structure within single training sessions during congested fixtures in an elite male soccer team	5
Typical weekly physical periodization in French academy soccer teams: a survey	5
Neuromechanical effects and predictive profiling of sprint priming strategies in elite youth sprinters	5
Hamstring muscle injury is preceded by a short period of higher running demands in professional football players	5
Relationships between physical fitness and match running demands during a futsal congested-weeks training camp	5
Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack supplementation on eccentric leg press exercise-induced muscle damage in rugby players	4
Training with an elastic bench press device provides comparable adaptations to conventional resistance training in trained men	4
Current practices in physical fitness assessment and monitoring among coaches of individual and team sports: a survey in Portugal, Spain, and Romania	4
Inter-limb asymmetry across multiple soccer tasks varies with maturity status in young players: a cross-sectional study	4
Physical and technical performance in and after the worst-case scenario in matches of the Chinese Super League of soccer	4
Core body temperature responses during competitive sporting events: a narrative review	4
Contextual factors affect match sprinting demands and effective playing time in Spanish professional football	4
Association of leisure-time aerobic physical activity time with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension: a study based on NHANES database	4
Genetic markers and predictive model for individual differences in countermovement jump enhancement after resistance training	4
Within-game performance decrements in relation to peak fat oxidation, Fatmax and peak oxygen uptake in elite male footballers	4
Interchangeability of external player load variables from different athlete tracking systems in English Premier League soccer players	4
Analysis of goal scoring patterns in the UEFA Women’s EURO 2022	4
Analysis of sleep quality and quantity during a half-season in world-class handball players	4
Can physical exercise modify intestinal integrity and gut microbiota composition? A systematic review of in vivo studies	4
N-Lactoyl amino acids as metabolic biomarkers differentiating low and high exercise response	4
Relationship between aerobic performance and match running performance in elite soccer players including playing position and contextual factors	4
‘Setting the Benchmark’ Part 2: Contextualising the Physical Demands of Teams in the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022	4
Deceleration specific isometric exercises acutely enhance change of direction performance in male youth academy soccer players	4
Effects of velocity loss with blood flow restriction in full squat on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy	4
Effect of team quality on offensive playing style and ball possessions development during the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup	4
Match running performance is similar in lower and higher competitive standards of Spanish professional soccer accounting for effective playing time	4
Maximum strength and power as determinants of on-ice sprint performance in elite U16 to adult ice hockey players	4
Investigation of the involvement of platelet-activating factor in the control of hypertension by aerobic training. A randomized controlled trial	4
Limb-belt resisted sprint training improves physical fitness and ball-throw velocity in pubertal handball players	3
Effects of light- vs. heavy-load squat training on velocity, strength, power, and total mechanical work in recreationally trained men and women	3
Effects of 6 weeks in-season flywheel squat resistance training on strength, vertical jump, change of direction and sprint performance in professional female soccer players	3
A post-exercise infrared sauna session improves recovery of neuromuscular performance and muscle soreness after resistance exercise training	3
Factors determining sports results in elite national volleyball teams between 2004 and 2016	3
Nutrition as a missing piece in the development of youth male soccer players: a scoping review and future directions	3
Quercetin supplementation promotes recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	3
Is moderate-intensity interval training more tolerable than high-intensity interval training in adults with obesity?	3
Acute effects of different external compression with blood flow restriction on force-velocity profile during squat and bench press exercises	3
Effect of tissue flossing on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage: A randomized controlled trial	3
Cyclists do not need to incorporate off-bike resistance training to increase strength, muscle-tendon structure, and pedaling performance: Exploring a high-intensity on-bike method	3
How different training sessions affect the sleep of professional soccer players	3
Ischemic preconditioning combined with inter-set palm cooling enhances performance in strength-trained men during high-intensity resistance training: A randomized crossover trial	3
Acute effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on sprint and change of direction performance: A systematic review and metaanalysis	3
Estimated annual increments in stature and weight among soccer players 11–18 years	3
Arbitrary absolute vs. individualized running speed thresholds in team sports: A scoping review with evidence gap map	3
Analyzing soccer match sprint distances: A comparison of GPS-based absolute and relative thresholds	3
Physiological and performance parameters associated with critical power decline in hypoxia among highly-trained endurance athletes	3
Correction: Acute effects of beetroot juice vs. creatine supplementation on maximal strength, autonomic regulation, and muscle oxygenation during incremental resistance exercise	3
Dose-response and time-lagged effect of daily training load on athlete well-being during an international rugby series	3
Does beta-alanine supplementation enhance adaptations to resistance training? A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study	3
Physiological responses of small-sided vs. regular games in youth volleyball players	3
Heavier loads in flywheel exercise induce greater post-activation performance enhancement in countermovement jumps compared to heavy Smith machine squats in males	3
Tell me how much your opponent team runs and I will tell you how much you should run: A predictive model applied to Spanish high-level football	3
Impact of evening blue light exposure timing on sleep, motor, and cognitive performance in young athletes with intermediate chronotype	3