OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Viral Immunology is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-06-01 to 2026-06-01.)

Article	Citations
The Impact of Vaccination on the Likelihood of COVID-19 Infection	23
Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin E Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Early Diagnosis of Dengue	22
Investigating the Immunogenic Properties of a Mutagenized NS3/4A-Based HCV Genotype 3a DNA Vaccine	20
Epidemiologic Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.1.3 Variant and the Protection Provided By Inactivated Vaccination	15
Does COVID-19 Vaccination with BNT162b2 Influence HIV-Related Immunological and Virological Markers? Data from 235 Persons Living with HIV at Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy: Immune Response After Sec	15
Interleukin-4 Promotes Human Metapneumovirus Replication Through the JAK/STAT6 Pathway	14
Effect of Disease-Modifying Therapies on COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Comprehensive Review	14
Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Toll-Like Receptors	14
Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Autoimmune Diseases: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis	14
Interleukin-36gamma Mediates the In Vitro Activation of CD8 ⁺ T Cells from Patients Living with Chroni	12
Plasma Levels of Secreted Cytokines in Virologically Controlled HIV-Infected Aging Adult Individuals on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy	12
Immunogenicity of a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine for Rift Valley Fever Virus with a Two-Segmented Genome	11
Maintenance of Long-Term Effective Humoral Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 with Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccines: A Retrospective Study	10
Letter to the Editor: Should Viruses Exist? A Brief Reflection on the (Re)evolution of the Virus–Life Relationship	9
Hybrid Immunity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2	9
Memory T Cells Subpopulations in a Cohort of COVID-19 Vaccinated or Recovered Subjects	9
Prevalence of SEN Virus-D and SEN Virus-H Among Hemodialysis Patients in Diyala Province	9
Peripheral Circulating Exosomal-miRNAs Potentially Mediate the Sensitivity to Interferon Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients	9
Immunoinformatics-Based Identification of the Conserved Immunogenic Peptides Targeting of Zika Virus Precursor Membrane Protein	9
Measles and Rubella Seroprevalence Among Children and Adolescents of Córdoba, Argentina: A Cross-Section Study in the Context of the Elimination Program	8
Virus-Induced Programmed Cell Death: To Die, or Not to Die?	8
Cross-Neutralization of Vanguard C4 Vaccine Against Australian Isolates of Canine Parvovirus Variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c	7
Evaluation of an F Protein-Based Recombinant Protein for Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus	7
Clinical Characteristics and Immune Status of Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome	7
Persistence of RNA Viruses in the Respiratory Tract: An Overview	7

Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024	7
Differential Expression Patterns of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and Other Tryptophan and Arginine Catabolic Pathway Genes in Dengue Correlate with Clinical Severity-Pilot Study Results	6
No Evidence of Anti-Influenza Nucleoprotein Antibodies in Retail Milk from Across Canada (April–July 2024)	6
Effective Treatment of COVID-19 Infection with Repurposed Drugs: Case Reports	6
Expression of Concern: “Variations in the S and P Regions of the Hepatitis B Virus Genome Under Immunosuppression In Vitro and In	6
The Potential of mRNA Vaccines to Fight Against Viruses	6
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Perspectives	6
Dengue Virus Increases the Expression of TREM-1 and CD10 on Human Neutrophils	5
Cytokine Profile in Patients with Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19	5
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2023	5
Knowledge on Human Papillomavirus Infections, Cancer Biology, Immune Interactions, Vaccination Coverage and Common Treatments: A Comprehensive Review	5
Comparison of Immunogenicity Between a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine and an Inactivated Vaccine for Cache Valley Virus	5
A Series of Articles About T Cells and Vaccines	5
Serological Markers and EBV DNA of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in a Health Examination Cohort from Chongqing, China	5
Characterization of Pre-Existing Neutralizing Antibody to Human Adenovirus Types 5 and 49 and Simian Type 23 in Chinese Population	4
Advances in the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Methods, and Vaccine Development of Dengue Fever: A Comprehensive Review	4
Correction to: A Seroprevalence Study on Residents in a Senior Care Facility with Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection, by Kim, et al. Viral Immunology 2023;36(3):203–	4
Elevation of Myeloperoxidase Correlates with Disease Severity in Patients with Hantaan Virus Infection	4
Asymptomatic COVID-19 Reinfection in a Pediatric Patient with Heterotaxy Syndrome	4
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery	4
Altered TLR7 Expression-Mediated Immune Modulation Is Supportive of Persistent Replication and Intrauterine Transmission of HBV	4
Enhanced Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression Induced by Severe Influenza A Virus Infection Impairs Host's Antiviral Response	4
Expression Pattern of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Key Differential Transcription Factors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Di	4
Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors Modulate Adaptive Immune Responses in Head and Neck Cancer	4
The Role of Lymphocyte Subsets, PD-1, and FAS (CD95) in COVID-19 Cancer Patients	4
Response to Daungsupawong/Wiwanitkit LTE	4
The Nuclear Pore Complex 62 Suppression Inhibits Coxsackievirus B Replication and Inflammatory Response	4
Differential Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr Virus in Patients with B Cell Lymphoma	4
IGH Complementarity Determining Region-3-Cytomegalovirus Protein Chemical Complementarity Linked to Better Overall Survival Probabilities for Glioblastoma	4
Correlation Between TWEAK Serum Level and HTLV-1 Proviral Load in HAM/TSP	4
Immunogenic Response Assessment of Hepatitis Delta Virus Antigen from Pakistani Isolate in Rabbits Using a Prokaryotic Expression System	4
Single-Cell and Mendelian Randomization Analyses Identify Key Genes Common to COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis	4
Cross-Reactive Profile Against Two Conserved Coronavirus Antigens in Sera from SARS-CoV-2 Hybrid and Vaccinated Immune Donors	4
Production and Evaluation of Anti-Sera Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Using a Syrian Hamster Model	4
Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Antigen and Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Both Contribute to the Innate Immune Response During Persistent Hepatitis B Virus Infection	4
A Stable mRNA-Based Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designs Against Infectious Heartland Virus by Integrated Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches	4
Impact of Different Cofactors on Naturally Acquired Human Papillomavirus Antibody Levels Among Unvaccinated Pregnant Women	3
BK Virus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Genotypic Variations and Clinical Outcomes in Tehran, Iran (2018–2019)	3
Robust Multiepitope Vaccine from Glycoproteins Against Human Metapneumovirus Genotypes A2a, A2b, and A2c by Utilizing Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches	3
Investigation of the Seroprevalence of Antimeasles Immunoglobulin G Antibody in Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences	3
Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Viral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Understanding Their Involvement in Viral Hepatitis and Their Potential as Biomarkers for Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma Det	3
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Human Pegivirus Coinfected Individuals Display Functional Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells and Follicular T Cells Irrespective of PD-1 Expression	3
Association of Interleukin-6 (rs1800795) and Interleukin-10 (rs1800896) Genetic Polymorphisms with the Outcome of COVID-19 Infection: A Single Center Study	3
The Immunomodulatory Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Virus-Related Cancers	3
Arexvy: A Comprehensive Review of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine for Revolutionary Protection	3
Detection of the Serum Cytokines Predicts COVID-19 Pathogenesis in Egyptian Patients	3
The Effects of Severe Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections on the Anti/Proapoptotic Molecules: A 6-Month Cohort Study	3
Profile of Cytokines and T Cell Subsets Transcription Factors in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Viral Encephalitis	3
Dr. Anthony Fauci Reflects on His 54-Year Career at NIH	3
Red Blood Cell Malfunction in COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets	3

Immunity and Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Epstein–Barr Virus	3
Chemical Complementarity of Tumor Resident, Adaptive Immune Receptor CDR3s and Previously Defined Hepatitis C Virus Epitopes Correlates with Improved Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	3
Expression Pattern of Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase and Serum Level of 25-Hydroxycholesterol and Relevant Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Varying Disease Severity of COVID-19	3
Re: “The Association of Programmed Death 1 Gene Polymorphisms of PD1.3 G/A and PD1.5 C/T with Risk of COVID-19 in an Iranian Population: A Case–Control Study” by Rayati Damavandi <	3
Unveiling Immunological and Hematological Markers in COVID-19: Insights from a Clinical Study	3
New Avenues to Explore in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Both TRIM25 and TRIM56 Positively Correlate with VEGF, GAS6, and sAXL in COVID-19 Patients	3
Development of a Recombinant Protein-Based Immunoassay for Detection of Antibodies Against Karolinska Institute and Washington University Polyomaviruses	3
The FOXP3-924 A/G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism May Be Associated with Predictive Factors for Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 Associated Myelopathy	3
Expression and Clinical Significance of Peripheral Blood IL-17A, IL-22, Tim-3, and gal-9 in Children with Infectious Mononucleosis	2
Role of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Brain Cells	2
Re: “SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Lessons from Viral Infections” by Meidaninikjeh et al	2
The Association of Programmed Death 1 Gene Polymorphisms of PD1.3 G/A and PD1.5 C/T with Risk of COVID-19 in an Iranian Population: A Case–Control Study	2
A New Antibody Binding Test for Potency Assessment of the Human Rabies Vaccine	2
A Photodermatologic Perspective on Shingles: A Narrative Review Exploring the Skin Microbiome as a Variable in the Effect of UV Radiation on VZV Reactivation	2
Viral Titer of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the Nasal Cavity in Different Sites in Children and Adults	2
Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Detection of Feline Coronavirus Infections	2
Interaction Between Genetic Susceptibility and COVID-19 Pathogenesis in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders: The Role of Immune Responses	2
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-Specific B Cell Memory Responses in Infected and Vaccinated Individuals	2
Development and Evaluation of a Baculovirus-Expressed VP1-Based Immunoassay for BK Polyomavirus Serology and Preliminary Seroepidemiological Applications	2
Memory T Cells Subpopulations, COVID-19 Vaccinated and Recovered Subjects: Correspondence	2
Comparison of Adverse Events and Antibody Responses Among Different COVID-19 Vaccination Schedules	2
Dysregulation of T Cell Differentiation and the IL17A(+)Foxp3(+)Treg Subset in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatitis Flare	2
Clinical Characteristics of Influenza Pneumonia in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma Receiving Immunotherapy	2
The Genetic Variant TNFA (rs361525) Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Developing Dengue Symptoms	2
A Multiplex Fluorescence of Loop Primer Upon Self-Dequenching Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Detection of Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Parvovirus B19 in Clinical Transplant Sampl	2
Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibodies and Binding Antibodies to Domains of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in COVID-19 Survivors	2
Hepatitis B Virus Infection Promotes M2 Polarization of Macrophages by Upregulating the Expression of B7x In Vivo and In Vitro	2
Effects of Steroidal Compounds on Viruses	2
Analysis of Serum Anti-HBs Levels and HBsAg/HBeAg Markers in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study	2
Correction to: Impact of Different Cofactors on Naturally Acquired Human Papillomavirus Antibody Levels Among Unvaccinated Pregnant Women, by Kirjavainen, et al. Viral Immun	2
Evaluating the Immunological Properties of Recombinant Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Using a Multitiered In Vivo and In Vitro	2
Human Cytomegalovirus UL24 and UL43 Cooperate to Modulate the Expression of Immunoregulatory UL16 Binding Protein 1	2
D614G SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Infectivity and Binding of Spike Protein to the ACE2 Receptor Inversely Correlates with Serum SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG Levels	2
Virus Protein-Specific Immune Responses in Selective Depletion of Lymphocyte Populations Using Monoclonal Antibodies in Bolivian Squirrel Monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis boliviens	2
TLR9 in the Human Papilloma Virus Infections: Friend or Foe?	2
Metagenomic Applications in the Early Detection of Human Viral Threats	2
Safety and Efficacy of the Modified Vaccinia Ankara–Bavaria Nordic Vaccine Against Mpox in the Real World: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	2
Possible Routes for Zika Virus Vertical Transmission in Human Placenta: A Comprehensive Review	2
Immunity Debt, a Gap in Learning, or Immune Dysfunction?	1
Toll-Like Receptors 7/8: A Paradigm for the Manipulation of Immunologic Reactions for Immunotherapy	1
NK Cells Were Activated and Involved in the Physiopathology of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome	1
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cell Responses Are Maintained After Recovery from Natural Infection and Postvaccination	1
An Interview with an Icon: Dr. Anthony Fauci	1
Rubella Humoral Immunity Among the Saudi Population of Madinah in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia	1
Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol in the Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Formulation: Induction of the Th1 Pattern in Aged Mice	1
Balancing Immunity and Disease: The Dual Role of Nuclear Factor-κB in Cellular Transformation and Viral Pathogenesis	1
Genetic Polymorphism in Toll-Like Receptor 3 and Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients: Correlation with Liver Cirrhosis	1
Therapeutic Intervention of an Intranasally Administered Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike Protein Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Mice	1
Quantitative Antibody Levels Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children	1
The Growing Threat of Tick-Borne Viruses: Global Trends, Clinical Outcomes, and Diagnostic Strategies	1
Characterization of Two Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the Glycan Loop of the Zika Virus Envelope Protein	1
Research Progress on the Weak Immune Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes	1
Zika Virus Vaccine: The Current State of Affairs and Challenges Posed by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Reaction	1
The Role of Long Noncoding RNA Negative Regulator of Interferon Response in the Regulation of Hantaan Virus Infection	1
Immunity in the Presence of Chronic or Repeated Infection	1
An Overview of the Types of Adjuvants Used in the Vaccination Industry And Their Mechanisms of Action	1
Association of IFN-γ and IFN-γ Receptor-1 Genes Polymorphisms with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Chronicity and Severity in Pakistani Patients	1
The Value of “00” One	1
Clinical Significance of Evaluation of Monocytic Receptors in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection	1
Cellular Immune Responses Against γ-Inactivated Antigen in the Recovered Cases of Kyasanur Forest Disease	1
Lower C3 and C4 Complement Serum Levels Are Associated with More Severe Forms of COVID-19 Disease	1
Role of Differences in Respiratory Syncytial Virus F and G Glycoproteins on Susceptibility to Inactivation by Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and Human Beta-Defensins	1
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Induces NF-κB-Dependent Senescence to Mediate Persistent Inflammation and Injury	1
Evaluation of Adjuvant Effect of Cytosine-Guanosine-Oligodeoxynucleotide in Meat-Type Chickens Coadministered In Ovo with Herpesvirus of Turkey Vaccine	1
Diagnostic Value of Natural Killer Cells, CD56+ CD16+ Natural Killer Cells, NLRP3 , and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Severe/Critical COVID-19: A Prospective	1
Surrogate Biomarkers of Disease Progression in Human Pegivirus Seropositive Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals	1
Epstein Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Is a Cure Possible?	1
Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2022 Award Recipient for Viral Immunology	1
Effects of AIM2 and IFI16 on Infectious Diseases and Inflammation	1
Assessment of Proinflammatory Cytokines Among Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection	1
Antibody Development Strategies for SFTSV: From Hybridoma to Emerging Technologies	1