OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Viral Immunology is 3. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-04-01 to 2025-04-01.)

Article	Citations
Epidemiologic Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.1.3 Variant and the Protection Provided By Inactivated Vaccination	116
CD32 Expression by CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T Lymphocytes Is Increased in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection	38
Comparison of Achievements in the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Five Provinces to Establish Herd Immunity in Indonesia in the Perspective of the New Public Service	36
Association of the Interleukin 1B-31*C Proinflammatory Allele with the Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Report	34
Cellular Immune Responses Against γ-Inactivated Antigen in the Recovered Cases of Kyasanur Forest Disease	29
Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors Modulate Adaptive Immune Responses in Head and Neck Cancer	29
Call for Papers: Viral Immunology	27
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Development: An Overview	18
Structural Analysis and Epitope Prediction of S2 Domain of SARS-CoV-2, Conservation Analysis Among Major Variants	16
Nanoadjuvants Produced by Advanced Nanochelating Technology in the Inactivated-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Vaccine Formulation: Preliminary Results on Cytokines and IgG Responses	16
Call for Special Issue Papers: Virus-Induced Programmed Cell Death	13
Enhanced Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression Induced by Severe Influenza A Virus Infection Impairs Host's Antiviral Response	13
Call for Special Issue Papers: Virus-Induced Programmed Cell Death	12
Inflammatory Consequences and Immune Modulation	12
Prevalence and Influence of the −174 G/C Polymorphism in the Interleukin-6 Gene in Arboviruses Infections	11
Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin E Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Early Diagnosis of Dengue	11
Modulation of Memory B Cell Phenotypes and Toll-Like Receptor-7 in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection During Direct-Acting Antiviral Interferon-Free Therapy: Correlation with Interleukin-7	11
Epidemiology of Porcine Pseudorabies from 2010 to 2018 in Tianjin, China	10
Toll-Like Receptors 7/8: A Paradigm for the Manipulation of Immunologic Reactions for Immunotherapy	10
Enhanced Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Elicited by Salmonella Flagellin-Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Vaccine	8
Increased Peripheral Interleukin-35 Suppresses CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T-Cell Activity in Patients Living with Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection	8
Letter to the Editor: The Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Are Becoming Milder with Limited Symptomatic Effects	8
Expression Pattern of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Key Differential Transcription Factors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Di	7
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-Specific B Cell Memory Responses in Infected and Vaccinated Individuals	7
Characteristics of Circulatory γδ T cells in Patients with Symptomatic Chronic Hepatitis B Infection	7

The Genetic Variant TNFA (rs361525) Is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Developing Dengue Symptoms	7
Re: “Postinfectious Immunity After COVID-19 and Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2” by Krsak et al.	7
Cells Stimulated with More Than One Toll-Like Receptor–Ligand in the Presence of a MyD88 Inhibitor Augmented Interferon-β via MyD88-Independent Signaling Pathway	6
Characterization of Pre-Existing Neutralizing Antibody to Human Adenovirus Types 5 and 49 and Simian Type 23 in Chinese Population	6
Formulation of Recombinant H1N1 Hemagglutinin in MF59 and Alum Adjuvants: A Comparison of the Vaccines Potency and Efficacy in BALB/C Mice	6
Interleukin-18 Plays a Positive Feedback Activity to Natural Killer-Like B Cells in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure	6
Is There a Rationale for Using Bacillus Calmette–Guerin Vaccine in Coronavirus Infection?	6
Investigating the Immunogenic Properties of a Mutagenized NS3/4A-Based HCV Genotype 3a DNA Vaccine	6
Relationship Between Human FCγRIIA rs1801274 G Allele and Risk of Death Among Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants	6
Adjuvant Effects ofPseudomonas aeruginosaFlagellin on the Immunological Patterns of the HIV-1 Vaccine Candidate: Vaccine Formulations Versus Different Routes of Immunization	6
Inhibition of Autophagy Does Not Affect Innate Cytokine Production in Human Lung Epithelial Cells During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection	6
TLR9 in the Human Papilloma Virus Infections: Friend or Foe?	6
The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the Spleen and T Lymphocytes	6
Does COVID-19 Vaccination with BNT162b2 Influence HIV-Related Immunological and Virological Markers? Data from 235 Persons Living with HIV at Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy: Immune Response After Sec	6
Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the MBL2 and TLR3 Genes Influence Disease Severity in Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 Virus-Infected Patients from Maharashtra, India	6
Unleash the mRNA	6
Dual Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily 14 in Antiviral Immunity	6
Virus Protein-Specific Immune Responses in Selective Depletion of Lymphocyte Populations Using Monoclonal Antibodies in Bolivian Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensisv)	6
Assessment of Proinflammatory Cytokines Among Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection	6
Elevated Plasma Fractalkine Level Is Associated with the Severity of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Humans	5
Effect of Disease-Modifying Therapies on COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Comprehensive Review	5
Dengue Virus and Platelets: From the Biology to the Clinic	5
Diagnostic Value of Natural Killer Cells, CD56+ CD16+ Natural Killer Cells, NLRP3, and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Severe/Critical COVID-19: A Prospective Longitudinal Study According to the Sever	5
Immunity in the Presence of Chronic or Repeated Infection	5
Hepatitis B Virus Infection Promotes M2 Polarization of Macrophages by Upregulating the Expression of B7x In Vivo and In Vitro	5
Advances in the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Methods, and Vaccine Development of Dengue Fever: A Comprehensive Review	5
The Impact of Vaccination on the Likelihood of COVID-19 Infection	5
Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Autoimmune Diseases: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis	5
Interleukin-4 Promotes Human Metapneumovirus Replication Through the JAK/STAT6 Pathway	5
COVID-19 Infection: Data Gaps for Diagnostic Laboratory Preparedness and Tasks on Hand	5
Bioinformation Analysis of Differential Expression Proteins in Different Processes of COVID-19	5
Comments on Thrombosis After Vaccination: The Leader Sequence of the Spike Protein Might Be Responsible for Thrombosis and Antibody-Mediated Thrombocytopenia	5
IGH Complementarity Determining Region-3-Cytomegalovirus Protein Chemical Complementarity Linked to Better Overall Survival Probabilities for Glioblastoma	5
Occurrence and Associated Risk Factors of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infections in Greece	5
Correlation Between TWEAK Serum Level and HTLV-1 Proviral Load in HAM/TSP	5
The Age-Dependent Role of Th22, Tc22, and Tc17 Cells in the Severity of Pneumonia in COVID-19 Immunopathogenesis	5
Hybrid Immunity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2	5
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Cell Apoptotic Pathways in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A Systematic Review	5
The Role of Type I Interferon Signaling in Regulating Cytokine Production and Cell Survival in Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages	4
Let Us Not Forget the Cells	4
Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein-3 Rs12252-G Variant Increases COVID-19 Mortality Potential in Egyptian Population	4
D614G SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Infectivity and Binding of Spike Protein to the ACE2 Receptor Inversely Correlates with Serum SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG Levels	4
Quantitative Antibody Levels Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children	4
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2021	4
Correction to: A Seroprevalence Study on Residents in a Senior Care Facility with Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection, by Kim, et al. Viral Immunology 2023;36(3):203–208; doi: 10.1089/vi	4
Anatomical Distribution of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells During HIV Infection	4
Maintenance of Long-Term Effective Humoral Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 with Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccines: A Retrospective Study	4
An Interview with an Icon: Dr. Anthony Fauci	4
Levamisole Therapy in COVID-19	4
Plasma Levels of Secreted Cytokines in Virologically Controlled HIV-Infected Aging Adult Individuals on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy	4

Assessment of S-Specific IgG and IgM Positive Rates in Healthy Hospital Staff Members Vaccinated with the Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine	4
Zika Virus Vaccine: The Current State of Affairs and Challenges Posed by Antibody-Dependent Enhancement Reaction	4
Scavenger Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections	4
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory B Cell Responses Are Maintained After Recovery from Natural Infection and Postvaccination	3
Interleukin-33 Reinvigorates Antiviral Function of Viral-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection	3
Hepatitis C Virus Alters Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism Through Interaction with Scavenger Receptors	3
Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses Through Human Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages	3
SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Lessons from Viral Infections	3
Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Host Cell Entry Factors in Immune System Components of Healthy Individuals and Its Relevance for COVID-19 Immunopathology	3
Interleukin-36gamma Mediates the In Vitro Activation of CD8⁺ T Cells from Patients Living with Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection	3
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Binding Capability to Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus	3
How to Understand Herd Immunity in the Context of COVID-19	3
Genetic Association of Interleukin-6 Polymorphism (rs1800796) with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Chinese Han Population	3
Research Progress on the Weak Immune Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes	3
Differential Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in Recovered and Deceased Iranian COVID-19 Patients	3
Letter to the Editor: Toll-Like Receptor Antagonists as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Against Cytokine Storm in COVID-19-Infected Patients	3
Letter to the Editor: CD14⁺HLA-DR⁺ Cells in Patients May Be a Biomarker Reflecting the Progression of COVID-19	3
Letter to the Editor: Proposal for Th1-Induction Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis: A Possibility for the Use of the Varicella Zoster Virus Vaccine	3
Evaluation of Adjuvant Effect of Cytosine-Guanosine-Oligodeoxynucleotide in Meat-Type Chickens Coadministered In Ovo with Herpesvirus of Turkey Vaccine	3
Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Toll-Like Receptors	3
Immunogenicity of a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine for Rift Valley Fever Virus with a Two-Segmented Genome	3
Letter to the Editor: Issues on COVID-19 Pathogenesis	3
Transcriptomic Analysis of Interferon Response in Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligand-Treated and Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Neurons and Astrocytes	3
Expression and Clinical Significance of Peripheral Blood IL-17A, IL-22, Tim-3, and gal-9 in Children with Infectious Mononucleosis	3
Peripheral Circulating Exosomal-miRNAs Potentially Mediate the Sensitivity to Interferon Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients	3
Letter to the Editor: Should Viruses Exist? A Brief Reflection on the (Re)evolution of the Virus–Life Relationship	3