OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Viral Immunology is 3. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-08-01 to 2025-08-01.)

Article	Citations
Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Autoimmune Diseases: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis	37
Does COVID-19 Vaccination with BNT162b2 Influence HIV-Related Immunological and Virological Markers? Data from 235 Persons Living with HIV at Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy: Immune Response After Sec	30
Investigating the Immunogenic Properties of a Mutagenized NS3/4A-Based HCV Genotype 3a DNA Vaccine	18
Characteristics of Circulatory γδ T cells in Patients with Symptomatic Chronic Hepatitis B Infection	18
Evaluation of an Immunoglobulin E Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Early Diagnosis of Dengue	14
Effect of Disease-Modifying Therapies on COVID-19 Vaccination Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Comprehensive Review	14
Epidemiologic Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.1.3 Variant and the Protection Provided By Inactivated Vaccination	12
The Impact of Vaccination on the Likelihood of COVID-19 Infection	11
Elevated Plasma Fractalkine Level Is Associated with the Severity of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Humans	11
Interleukin-4 Promotes Human Metapneumovirus Replication Through the JAK/STAT6 Pathway	11
Hybrid Immunity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2	10
Maintenance of Long-Term Effective Humoral Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 with Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccines: A Retrospective Study	10
Immunogenicity of a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine for Rift Valley Fever Virus with a Two-Segmented Genome	10
Plasma Levels of Secreted Cytokines in Virologically Controlled HIV-Infected Aging Adult Individuals on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy	9
Scavenger Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections	8
Interleukin-33 Reinvigorates Antiviral Function of Viral-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection	8
Letter to the Editor: Should Viruses Exist? A Brief Reflection on the (Re)evolution of the Virus–Life Relationship	8
Anatomical Distribution of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells During HIV Infection	8
Memory T Cells Subpopulations in a Cohort of COVID-19 Vaccinated or Recovered Subjects	8
Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Toll-Like Receptors	8
Interleukin-36gamma Mediates the In Vitro Activation of CD8⁺ T Cells from Patients Living with Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection	8
Peripheral Circulating Exosomal-miRNAs Potentially Mediate the Sensitivity to Interferon Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Patients	7
Measles and Rubella Seroprevalence Among Children and Adolescents of Córdoba, Argentina: A Cross-Section Study in the Context of the Elimination Program	7
A New Year, and a New Variant to Deal With	7
Evaluation of CVC1302 for Improved Efficacy of FMD-Inactivated Vaccine in Oxidative Stressed Mice Generated with PCV2 Infection	7

Truncated Diphtheria Toxin DT390 Enhances the Humoral Immunogenicity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Capsid Antigen in Mice	7
Immunoinformatics-Based Identification of the Conserved Immunogenic Peptides Targeting of Zika Virus Precursor Membrane Protein	7
Clinical Significance of BTLA and HVEM Expression on Circulating CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection	7
Liver Damage and Exposure to Toxic Concentrations of Endogenous Retinoids in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Disease: Hypothesis	7
Exploring SARS-CoV-2 Spikes Glycoproteins for Designing Potential Antiviral Targets	7
Correlation of COVID-19 Severity and Immunoglobulin Presence Against Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins in SARS-CoV-2	7
Virus-Induced Programmed Cell Death: To Die, or Not to Die?	7
Modular Approaches to Understand the Immunobiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Latency	7
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2024	6
Persistence of RNA Viruses in the Respiratory Tract: An Overview	6
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2023	6
A Series of Articles About T Cells and Vaccines	6
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Perspectives	6
Clinical Characteristics and Immune Status of Patients with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome	6
No Evidence of Anti-Influenza Nucleoprotein Antibodies in Retail Milk from Across Canada (April–July 2024)	6
Comparison of Immunogenicity Between a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine and an Inactivated Vaccine for Cache Valley Virus	6
Correction to: The Role of the SARS-CoV-2 S-Protein Glycosylation in the Interaction of SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 and Immunological Responses by Ramírez Hernández et al. Viral Immunol. 2021;34(3):165–173	6
Evaluation of an F Protein-Based Recombinant Protein for Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus	6
Cross-Neutralization of Vanguard C4 Vaccine Against Australian Isolates of Canine Parvovirus Variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c	6
Knowledge on Human Papillomavirus Infections, Cancer Biology, Immune Interactions, Vaccination Coverage and Common Treatments: A Comprehensive Review	6
Vaccination Hesitancy and Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Is It Time to Reconsider?	6
The Potential of mRNA Vaccines to Fight Against Viruses	5
The CCR5 and CXCR3 Pathways in Hepatitis C Virus Liver Transplanted Recipients Treated by a Direct Antiviral Agent Regimen: Informative Kinetics Profiles	5
Cytokine Profile in Patients with Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19	5
Differential Reactivation of Cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr Virus in Patients with B Cell Lymphoma	5
Differential Expression Patterns of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 and Other Tryptophan and Arginine Catabolic Pathway Genes in Dengue Correlate with Clinical Severity-Pilot Study Results	5
Dengue Virus Increases the Expression of TREM-1 and CD10 on Human Neutrophils	5
Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Antigen and Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Both Contribute to the Innate Immune Response During Persistent Hepatitis B Virus Infection	5
Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticle-Mediated Vaccine Delivery of Encapsulated Surface Antigen Protein of Hepatitis B Virus Elicits Effective Immune Response	5
Effective Treatment of COVID-19 Infection with Repurposed Drugs: Case Reports	5
Call for Papers: Viral Immunology	5
Altered TLR7 Expression-Mediated Immune Modulation Is Supportive of Persistent Replication and Intrauterine Transmission of HBV	5
Letter to the Editor: Can Viral RNAs Become Attached to the Cell Surface? Potential Consequences of a Hypothetical and Novel Way	5
Correction to: A Seroprevalence Study on Residents in a Senior Care Facility with Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection, by Kim, et al. Viral Immunology 2023;36(3):203–208; doi: 10.1089/vi	4
The Role of Lymphocyte Subsets, PD-1, and FAS (CD95) in COVID-19 Cancer Patients	4
IGH Complementarity Determining Region-3-Cytomegalovirus Protein Chemical Complementarity Linked to Better Overall Survival Probabilities for Glioblastoma	4
Investigation of Fas (APO-1)-Related Apoptosis in Piglets Intradermally or Intramuscularly Vaccinated with a Commercial PRRSV MLV	4
Expression Pattern of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines and Key Differential Transcription Factors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Di	4
Correlation Between TWEAK Serum Level and HTLV-1 Proviral Load in HAM/TSP	4
Let Us Not Forget the Cells	4
Hepatitis C Virus Alters Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism Through Interaction with Scavenger Receptors	4
A Stable mRNA-Based Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designs Against Infectious Heartland Virus by Integrated Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches	4
Characterization of Pre-Existing Neutralizing Antibody to Human Adenovirus Types 5 and 49 and Simian Type 23 in Chinese Population	4
Interleukin-18 Plays a Positive Feedback Activity to Natural Killer-Like B Cells in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure	4
Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery	4
The Age-Dependent Role of Th22, Tc22, and Tc17 Cells in the Severity of Pneumonia in COVID-19 Immunopathogenesis	4
Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors Modulate Adaptive Immune Responses in Head and Neck Cancer	4
Advances in the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Methods, and Vaccine Development of Dengue Fever: A Comprehensive Review	4
Enhanced Programmed Cell Death Protein 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression Induced by Severe Influenza A Virus Infection Impairs Host's Antiviral Response	4
Investigation of the Seroprevalence of Antimeasles Immunoglobulin G Antibody in Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences	3

Profile of Cytokines and T Cell Subsets Transcription Factors in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Viral Encephalitis	3
Response to Daungsupawong/Wiwanitkit LTE	3
TLR3\TLR7 as Differentially Expressed Markers Among Viral, Nonviral, and Autoimmune Diseases in Egyptian Patients	3
New Avenues to Explore in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Both TRIM25 and TRIM56 Positively Correlate with VEGF, GAS6, and sAXL in COVID-19 Patients	3
Unveiling Immunological and Hematological Markers in COVID-19: Insights from a Clinical Study	3
The Effects of Severe Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infections on the Anti/Proapoptotic Molecules: A 6-Month Cohort Study	3
The FOXP3-924 A/G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism May Be Associated with Predictive Factors for Human T Lymphotropic Virus 1 Associated Myelopathy	3
Expression Pattern of Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase and Serum Level of 25-Hydroxycholesterol and Relevant Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Varying Disease Severity of COVID-19	3
Immunity and Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Epstein–Barr Virus	3
Detection of the Serum Cytokines Predicts COVID-19 Pathogenesis in Egyptian Patients	3
Re: “The Association of Programmed Death 1 Gene Polymorphisms of PD1.3 G/A and PD1.5 C/T with Risk of COVID-19 in an Iranian Population: A Case–Control Study” by Rayati Damavandi et al.	3
Arexvy: A Comprehensive Review of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine for Revolutionary Protection	3
Asymptomatic COVID-19 Reinfection in a Pediatric Patient with Heterotaxy Syndrome	3
The Nuclear Pore Complex 62 Suppression Inhibits Coxsackievirus B Replication and Inflammatory Response	3
Dr. Anthony Fauci Reflects on His 54-Year Career at NIH	3
Interaction Between Genetic Susceptibility and COVID-19 Pathogenesis in Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Disorders: The Role of Immune Responses	3
Robust Multiepitope Vaccine from Glycoproteins Against Human Metapneumovirus Genotypes A2a, A2b, and A2c by Utilizing Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches	3
Lack of Effects of the Genetic Polymorphisms of Interleukin-10 in Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19	3
Association of Interleukin-6 (rs1800795) and Interleukin-10 (rs1800896) Genetic Polymorphisms with the Outcome of COVID-19 Infection: A Single Center Study	3
Chemical Complementarity of Tumor Resident, Adaptive Immune Receptor CDR3s and Previously Defined Hepatitis C Virus Epitopes Correlates with Improved Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	3
Impact of Different Cofactors on Naturally Acquired Human Papillomavirus Antibody Levels Among Unvaccinated Pregnant Women	3
Induction of Immune Responses by Recombinant PH-1 Domain of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus Glycoprotein B in Chickens	3
Cross-Reactive Profile Against Two Conserved Coronavirus Antigens in Sera from SARS-CoV-2 Hybrid and Vaccinated Immune Donors	3
Elevation of Myeloperoxidase Correlates with Disease Severity in Patients with Hantaan Virus Infection	3
Red Blood Cell Malfunction in COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets	3
An Overview About the Role of Adaptive Immunity in Keeping SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections at Bay	3
BK Virus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Genotypic Variations and Clinical Outcomes in Tehran, Iran (2018–2019)	3
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Human Pegivirus Coinfected Individuals Display Functional Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells and Follicular T Cells Irrespective of PD-1 Expression	3