Weed Technology

Article	Citations
The first weed management textbook in the United States (part 2)	39
Intercropping sweet corn with summer savory to increase weed suppression and yield	35
Evaluating soil solarization and mustard seed meal as preplant treatments for weed control in annual hill plasticulture strawberry production	25
Phenological patterns and the impact of seed burial depth and scarification on the emergence and growth of redweed (Melochia corchorifolia)	20
Harvest loss in corn and implication for volunteerism	18
Nozzle type and spray volume effects on site-specific herbicide application in turfgrass using a remotely piloted aerial application system	17
Simulated herbicide spray retention of commonly managed invasive emergent aquatic macrophytes	14
Control of acetolactate synthase–resistant Palmer amaranth in dry edible bean	13
Glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) control with preemergence and postemergence herbicide programs	13
Evaluation of sulfentrazone and S-metolachlor in brassica vegetables	13
Effects of different application methods of spent coffee grounds on weed growth	13
Rapid necrosis: Implications of environmental conditions and plant growth stage on 2,4-D resistance and effect of other auxinic herbicides in Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)	12
Field performance of a red clover germplasm selected for increased tolerance to 2,4-D	12
Tolerance of southern highbush blueberry to 2,4-D choline postemergence-directed	12
POST control of Italian ryegrass in hazelnut orchards	11
Impact of soil-residual herbicides on industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) phytotoxicity and biomass yield in west Texas	11
HPPD inhibitor-susceptible soybean growth, yield, and economic return following isoxaflutole and mesotrione applied postemergence	10
Narrow-windrow burning to control seeds of Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in wheat and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in soybean	9
Influence of soil water content on growth and panicle production of fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum)	8
Evaluation of panicle removal methods and crop topping applications as supplemental tools for wild oat (Avena fatua) management	8
Sensitivity of nonresistant winter wheat to quizalofop-P-ethyl in central Oklahoma and Kansas	8
Effect of glufosinate rate and addition of ammonium sulfate on annual weed control in glyphosate/glufosinate/2,4-D–resistant soybean	7
Sensitivity to sublethal rates of dicamba for selected mid-Atlantic vegetable crops	7
Investigation of inquiries on weed control efficacy of XtendiMax® herbicide with VaporGrip® technology	7
Safety and efficacy of linuron with or without an adjuvant or S-metolachlor for POST control of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in sweetpotato	7

Investigating low-dose herbicide programs for goosegrass (Eleusine indica) and smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) control on creeping bentgrass greens	7
Tall fescue interseeding and postemergence herbicides for false-green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) control in turfgrass	7
Influence of time of day on dicamba and glyphosate efficacy	7
Implications of planting date on Benghal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis L.) and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) management in peanut	7
Synergistic interactions of 2,4-D, dichlorprop-p, dicamba, and halauxifen/fluroxypyr for controlling multiple herbicide-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia L.)	7
Evaluations of alternative herbicides to glyphosate for wilding pine control during forestry site preparation in the southeastern United States	7
Smooth scouringrush (Equisetum laevigatum) control with glyphosate in eastern Washington	7
Row spacing and layered residual herbicides influence weed control and profitability in herbicide-resistant soybean	6
Effect of differential levels of simulated overhead irrigation on residual herbicides applied to wheat straw–covered soil for barnyardgrass control	6
Performance of unoccupied aerial application systems for aquatic weed management: Two novel case studies	6
Early-planted soybean weed management as affected by herbicide application rate and timing	6
Evaluation of goosegrass response to combinations of topramezone and chlorothalonil	6
Quantifying changes in the environmental impact of in-crop herbicide use in Saskatchewan, Canada	6
Surveying stakeholder’s perception of glufosinate and use in North Carolina	6
Tomato and bell pepper tolerance to preemergence herbicides applied posttransplant in plasticulture production	6
Identification, mapping, and chemical control of fleabane resistant to glyphosate, chlorimuron, paraquat, and 2,4-D	6
Cereal rye cover crop termination management for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) suppression in soybean	5
Multiple herbicide resistance in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) accessions from Wisconsin	5
Annual bluegrass cross resistance to prodiamine and pronamide in the southern United States	5
Multiple resistance of silky windgrass to acetolactate synthase- and acetyl-CoA synthase–inhibiting herbicides	5
Soil steaming to disinfect barnyardgrass-infested soil masses	5
Plant growth regulators differentially suppress goosegrass and smooth crabgrass in creeping bentgrass turf	5
Rice tolerance to acetochlor with a fenclorim seed treatment	5
Response of Palmer amaranth accessions in South Carolina to selected herbicides	5
Spray water quality and herbicide performance: a review	5
Integrated management of cheat (Bromus secalinus L.) and downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) in Oklahoma grain-only winter wheat	5
Efficacy of dicamba and dicamba/tembotrione with and without ammonium sulfate for broadleaf weed control	4
Assessment of nonchemical weed management of windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) nursery	4
Tolerance of four dry bean market classes to flufenacet, acetochlor, and S-metolachlor applied preplant incorporated	4
Enlist™ corn tolerance to preemergence and postemergence applications of synthetic auxin and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides	4
Timeline of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) invasion and eradication in Minnesota	4
Evaluating the vegetative and reproductive response of hemp (Cannabis sativa) to simulated off-target events of 2,4-D and dicamba	4
Glyphosate-resistant downy brome (Bromus tectorum) control using alternative herbicides applied postemergence	4
Grapevine, stone fruit, and tree nut crop response to simulated tetflupyrolimet drift	4
The impact of electrocution treatments on weed control and weed seed viability in soybean	4
Growth and fecundity of Palmer amaranth escaping glufosinate in cotton with and without grass competition	4
Amicarbazone and other Group 5 herbicide behavior in soil under field and laboratory conditions	4
Contributions of shading, soybean (Glycine max) row width, and planting green on horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management compared with soil-applied residual herbicides	4
Molecular basis of resistance to bensulfuron-methyl and cross-resistance patterns to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in Ludwigia prostrata	4
Cultivar response and weed control in peanut with trifludimoxazin	4
Evaluation of weed control efficacy and crop safety of the PPO-inhibiting herbicide tiafenacil in California orchard cropping systems	4
Resistance profile of glufosinate-resistant Palmer amaranth accessions and herbicide options	3
Characterization of imazamox-resistant shattercane (Sorghum bicolor L.) populations from Kansas	3
Cotton cultivar response to glufosinate plus S-metolachlor applied postemergence using two nozzle types	3
Smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus) control in bahiagrass is improved with applications of herbicide and fertilizer	3
Effect of planting time and row spacing on growth and seed production of junglerice (Echinochloa colona) and feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata) in sorghum	3
Baseline sensitivity of Echinochloa glabrescens to florpyrauxifen-benzyl on a regional scale: A case study of Jiangsu Province, China	3
Interference and critical periods for mixed natural weeds control in direct-seeded cotton in the lower Yangtze River Valley	3
Multiple-herbicide-resistant waterhemp control in glyphosate/glufosinate/2,4-D-resistant soybean with one- and two-pass weed control programs	3
Critical period for Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. spp. multiflorum) control in winter wheat in North Carolina	3

Salvage treatments for barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) control in rice following simulated failed herbicide application	3
WET volume 37 issue 5 Cover and Front matter	3
Tolerance of peppermint to tiafenacil applied postharvest	3
Influence of integrated agronomic and weed management practices on soybean canopy development and yield	3
WET volume 36 issue 1 Cover and Front matter	3
Simulated dormant peppermint (Mentha × piperita) response to mesotrione: a greenhouse study	3
Biologically effective dose of pyraflufen-ethyl/2,4-D, applied preplant alone or mixed with metribuzin on glyphosate-resistant horseweed in soybean	3
WET volume 36 issue 6 Cover and Front matter	3
Small-seeded false flax (Camelina microcarpa) management in Oklahoma winter wheat	3
Quizalofop-resistant rice response to quizalofop when exposed to low rates of glyphosate and imazethapyr	3
Very long chain fatty acid–inhibiting herbicides: Current uses, site of action, herbicide-resistant weeds, and future	3
Influence of cover cropping and conservation tillage on weeds during the critical period for weed control in soybean	3
Assessment of dicamba and 2,4-D residues in Palmer amaranth and soybean	3
Cereal rye response to eight commonly used wheat herbicides	3
Potential spring canola yield losses due to weeds in Canada and the United States	3
Rice response to sublethal concentrations of paraquat, glyphosate, saflufenacil, and sodium chlorate at multiple late-season application timings as influenced by exposure	3
Herbicide options to manage novel turf-type bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)	3
Influence of herbicides on germination and quality of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) seed	3
Growth and yield response of peanut to simulated drift of glufosinate at vegetative and reproductive growth stages	3
Evaluation of herbicide programs for the control of knotroot foxtail [Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen] in bermudagrass pasture	3
Perspectives on the economics of herbicide usage in corn and soybean production in the United States	3
Spray interval, application order, and plant height influences control of dicamba-resistant Palmer amaranth	2
Contributions by USDA to weed science before 1900	2
Comparison of a diflufenican-containing premixture to current commercial standards for residual Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) control	2
Evaluation of spring herbicide programs during a three-year sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) cropping cycle	2
Glyphosate-resistant and susceptible downy brome (Bromus tectorum) management with soil-applied residual herbicides	2
Deertongue (Dichanthelium clandestinum L.) control in golf course naturalized areas	2
Smooth scouringrush (Equisetum laevigatum) control with glyphosate is affected by surfactant choice and application time	2
Harvest weed seed control in soybean with an impact mill	2
Postemergence-directed applications of pendimethalin for control of early-season weeds in chile pepper	2
Tomato tolerance and purple nutsedge control with sulfuryl fluoride mixes	2
Evaluation of row width and nozzle selection on spray coverage and weed control in flooded rice	2
Rice cultivar tolerance to florpyrauxifen-benzyl spray-applied vs. coated on urea	2
Harmonized site preparation and postplant herbaceous weed control for establishment of southern pine plantations on coastal bedded sites	2
Seedbank management through an integration of harvest-time and postharvest tactics for Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in wheat	2
Evaluation of sequential applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl and florpyrauxifen-benzyl in acetyl CoA carboxylase-resistant rice – ERRATUM	2
Resistance in smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis) to an acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide in rice: first case in India	2
Soybean yield loss from delayed postemergence herbicide application based on weed height, days after emergence, accumulated crop heat units, and soybean growth stage	2
Multiple resistance to imazethapyr, atrazine, and glyphosate in a recently introduced Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) accession in Wisconsin	2
Large-scale evaluation of 2,4-D choline off-target movement and injury in 2,4-D-susceptible soybean	2
Axant™ Flex cotton response to topramezone applied early- or mid-postemergence	2
Response of goosegrass, smooth crabgrass, and newly sprigged hybrid bermudagrass to postemergence herbicides	2
Reduced irrigation impact on soil-applied herbicide dissipation and rotational crop response	2
Weed control and crop safety with premixed tolpyralate and bromoxynil in cereals	2
Effect of core cultivation, fertility, and plant growth regulators on recovery of voided creeping bentgrass greens canopies following annual bluegrass control via methiozolin	2
Evaluation of Western Ethiopian Sorghum Landraces for Resistance to Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth	2
Knotroot Foxtail [Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen]: “A sly fox”	2
Sweetpotato response to reduced rates of dicamba	2
Transfer of resistance alleles from herbicide-resistant to susceptible grass weeds via pollen-mediated gene flow	2
Reduced adsorption of dicamba spray droplets on leaves as droplet size increases	2
Utility of isoxaflutole-based herbicide programs in HPPD-tolerant cotton production systems	2
Khakiweed (Alternanthera pungens) control with contact and residual herbicides	2
Rice response to sublethal rates of paraquat, metribuzin, fomesafen, and cloransulam-methyl at different application timings	2
Does exposure to PPO-inhibiting herbicides alter the male-to-female sex ratio of Palmer amaranth?	2
Response of stevia to reduced-risk synthetic and nonsynthetic herbicides applied post-transplant	2
Biologically effective dose of diflufenican applied preemergence for the control of multiple herbicide–resistant waterhemp in corn	2
Ethofumesate-resistant annual bluegrass (Poa annua) in grass seed production systems	2
Impact of reduced rates of tiafenacil at vegetative growth stages on rice growth and yield	2
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control affected by weed size and herbicide spray solution with nozzle type pairings	2
Response of soybean, cotton, and tobacco to volatility of 2,4-D and dicamba formulations in humidome	2
Interaction of glyphosate with auxin herbicides for control of Benghal dayflower (Commelina Benghalensis) at advanced growth stages	2
Impact of auxin herbicides on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) groundcover	2
Sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby] “Getting sleepy?”	2
Herbicide diagnostics reveal multiple patterns of synthetic auxin resistance in kochia (Bassia scoparia)	2
Interaction of quizalofop-p-ethyl with 2,4-D choline and/or glufosinate for control of volunteer corn in corn resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionates	2
Effect of herbicides on pollinator foraging behavior and flower morphology in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)–infested turfgrass	1
Tolerance of muscadine grape to 2,4-D choline postemergence-directed	1
Effects of cereal rye seeding rate on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) emergence and soybean growth and yield	1
Enhancing winter rye termination by mixing glyphosate with other herbicides using water or UAN as the carrier	1
Control of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with sequential applications of dimethenamid-Pin dry edible bean	1
Weed control in corn with tolpyralate and atrazine plus grass herbicides	1
Transplant broccoli and collard response to the residual activity of glyphosate applied preplant	1
Target-site cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors in johnsongrass originating from Greek cornfields	1
Feral rye (Secale cereale L.) control in quizalofop-resistant winter wheat in Oregon	1
2,4-D and dicamba removal from the surface of plastic mulch using overhead irrigation: analytical analysis and cucurbit bioassay crop response	1
Sensitivity of two corn hybrids to tolpyralate plus reactive oxygen species–generating herbicides	1
Target-site mechanism confers resistance pattern of ACCase inhibitors in bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca ssp. fascicularis) from California	1
Improving cole crop safety and weed control response with chloroacetamide and oxyfluorfen herbicide combinations	1
Influence of fluazifop timing and rate on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control in ACCase-resistant grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)	1
Revisiting dose-response: concepts of hormesis, toxicological thresholds and data analysis	1

Hazelnut tolerance to basal-directed applications of clopyralid and quinclorac	1
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) control and rice injury with labeled herbicides following exposure to sublethal concentrations of paraquat	1
Response of dicamba-resistant Palmer amaranth and cotton to malathion applied in conjunction with dicamba	1
Effect of in-row spacing on weed suppression and yield of ‘Covington’ and ‘Monaco’ sweetpotato	1
Evaluation of crop-topping strategies to reduce common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) seed production in potato production systems	1
Use of low tunnels to describe effects of herbicide, adjuvant, and target surface on dicamba volatility	1
Strategies to improve the control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) with glufosinate applied preplant to soybean	1
Multiple herbicide-resistant waterhemp control with Group 15 herbicides	1
Enhancement of tolpyralate efficacy with adjuvants	1
A sustainable approach for weed and insect management in sweetpotato: breeding for weed and insect tolerant/resistant clones	1
Performance of a diflufenican-containing premixture in dicamba-resistant soybean systems	1
Synthetic auxin herbicides do not injure intermediate wheatgrass or affect grain yield	1
Influence of recovery treatments on dicamba-injured soybean	1
Influence of growth stage and dicamba rate on eggplant, cucumber, and snap bean tolerance and yield response	1
Response of quizalofop-resistant rice to sequential quizalofop applications under differential environmental conditions	1
Zoysiagrass and weed response to herbicides during post-dormancy transition	1
Evaluation of amino acid–inhibiting herbicide mixtures for hair fescue (Festuca filiformis) management in lowbush blueberry	1
Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems – ERRATUM	1
Characterization of carinata tolerance to select herbicides using field dose-response studies	1
Early season weed management options in water-seeded rice production	1
Control of multiple-herbicide-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) with acetochlor-based herbicide mixtures in corn	1
Control of dicamba/glufosinate/glyphosate-resistant volunteer soybean in corn with preemergence and postemergence herbicides	1
Injury potential of herbicide combinations on XtendFlex® cotton	1
WET volume 35 issue 3 Cover and Front matter	1
Effect of simulated 2,4-D and dicamba drift on strawberry plant and fruit development	1
Snap bean tolerance to preemergence applications of dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, lactofen, metribuzin, saflufenacil, and sulfentrazone	1
Effect of spray droplet spectra on control of Poa annua with pronamide	1
Integrating cover crops and herbicides for weed control in soybean	1
WET volume 35 issue 5 Cover and Front matter	1
Integrated management of living mulches for weed control: A review	1
Discrimination of weeds from sugarcane in Louisiana using hyperspectral leaf reflectance data and pigment analysis	1
Grain sorghum response to simulated fomesafen and terbacil carryover from watermelon in Georgia	1
Sulfentrazone crop safety and efficacy in cabbage and broccoli	1
Imaging analysis method to quantify leaf deformation in response to sub-lethal rates of dicamba	1
Extending the critical period for weed control model to better include weed succession using common sunflower as a mimic weed in high-yielding cotton	1
Weed communities after decades of mineral fertilization and tillage treatments in a corn–soybean rotation	1
Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) accessions in the Mid-Atlantic region resistant to ALS-, PPO-, and EPSPS-inhibiting herbicides	1
Effect of simulated synthetic auxin herbicide sprayer contamination in sweetpotato propagation beds	1
An integrated approach to delaying herbicide resistance in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) by quantifying selection for resistance in a 2,4-D-based cotton production system	1
Use of a capsule suspension formulation of S-metolachlor in fenclorim-treated rice	1
Optimizing chloroacetamide application timing in dicamba-resistant cotton production systems for control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)	1
Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) control in fallow	1
Effect of 2,4-D formulation on volatility under field conditions	1
Preemergence and postemergence weed control in sweet corn on organic soils	1
WET volume 37 issue 2 Cover and Front matter	1
Field bindweed control with quinclorac in highbush blueberry	1
Simulated controlled-release mesotrione for turfgrass tolerance and weed control	1
Development and validation of Avena integrated management (AIM): a bioeconomic decision support tool for wild oat management in Australian grain production systems	1
Echinochloa in mid-southern U.S. and California rice: What is known and what are the knowledge gaps?	1
Broadleaf weed control and white clover response to florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D and common pasture herbicides	0
Snap bean response to pyroxasulfone in a diversity panel	0
Herbicide effects on dormant and postdormant hybrid bermudagrass putting green turf	0
Oxyfluorfen use in combination with clomazone or quinclorac	0
Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) control with sequential applications of glyphosate and clethodim to dicamba	0
Weed control using preemergence herbicides in cucumber and summer squash cultivars	0
WET volume 36 issue 4 Cover and Front matter	0
Mesotrione: a new preemergence herbicide option for wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) control in wheat	0
Italian Ryegrass Control Using a Capsule Suspension Formulation of S-metolachlor in Fenclorim-treated wheat	0
Applications of topramezone and SpeedZone®for POST goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in hybrid bermudagrass	0
Baseline survey reveals glyphosate and dicamba resistance in broadleaf weeds before sugar beet trait introduction	0
Herbicide options for sterile oats (Avena ludoviciana) control in winter-planted sorghum	0
Utilizing cover crops for weed suppression within buffer areas of 2,4-D-resistant soybean	0
Emergence pattern and periodicity of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) populations from southcentral Great Plains	0
Evaluation of chemical control and seasonal application options for smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus)	0
WET volume 36 issue 2 Cover and Front matter	0
Effective dose of atrazine required to complement tolpyralate for annual weed control in corn	0
WET volume 37 issue 1 Cover and Front matter	0
Water-seeded rice response to pendimethalin applied at different rates and timings	0
Regional response of zoysiagrass turf to glufosinate and glyphosate applied during postdormancy transition based on accumulated heat units	0
Hazelnut growth and weed control in response to selected preemergence herbicides	0
Optimizing pyroxasulfone-coated fertilizer in cotton	0
Influence of carrier water pH and hardness on imazapic efficacy for sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.) control in peanut	0
Potassium carbonate effects on spray mixture pressure changes and final pH	0
Evaluation of electrical and mechanical Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) management in cucumber, peanut, and sweetpotato	0
Population dynamics of naturally occurring weed flora in response to crop rotation and HPPD-inhibiting herbicide-based treatments	0
‘Atlantic’ and ‘Dakota Pearl’ chipping potato responses to glyphosate and dicamba simulated drift	0
Impact of integrated weed management practices on cotton economics and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) populations	0
Growth and fecundity of Palmer amaranth escaping glufosinate in soybean with and without grass competition	0
Benzobicyclon for weedy rice control in quizalofop- and imidazolinone-resistant rice systems	0
Comparing alternative nonselective herbicides in Oregon and New Mexico	0
Plasticulture banana pepper response to clomazone applied pretransplanting	0
Control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with tiafenacil mixes in corn	0
Peach tree response to low dosages of dicamba as repeated application or with various spray nozzles	0
Utilizing germinability thresholds for optimizing stale seedbed applications to control red rice (Oryza spp.) in California rice cropping systems	0
Stakeholders perspective of the economic cost of managing the invasive Navua sedge in tropical Queensland, Australia	0
Evaluating shifts in species distribution following herbicide and fertilizer applications for smutgrass (Sporobolus indicus) control in bahiagrass	0
Ornamental Plant Safety and Weed Control with Indaziflam	0
Performance of different herbicides on pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus) in rice	0
The addition of very low rates of protoporphyrinogen oxidase–inhibiting herbicides to glufosinate does not improve control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Erigeron canadensis)	0
Herbicide safener increases weed-management tools for control of annual grasses in wheat – ERRATUM	0
Glyphosate-resistant horseweed control in glyphosate/glufosinate/2,4-D-resistant soybean with one- and two-pass herbicide programs	0
Comparing herbicide application methods with See & Spray™ technology in soybean	0
Economic impact of glyphosate-resistant weeds on major field crops grown in Ontario	0
Extension event attendance increases adoption of weed management practices by sports field managers	0
Pro197 and Trp574 substitutions in the acetolactate synthase of corn marigold (Glebionis segetum) and their impact on competitive ability against barley	0