OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Artificial Intelligence and Law is 9. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-08-01 to 2026-08-01.)

Article	Citations
Integrating legal event and context information for Chinese similar case analysis	96
Using GPT-4o as a factor extractor for Brazilian consumer law judgments*	55
Bridging the divide: technical research and application on legal judgment prediction	49
LLM-as-a-judge is bad, based on AI attempting the exam qualifying for the member of the Polish National Board of Appeal	47
Attentive deep neural networks for legal document retrieval	47
Joining metadata and textual features to advise administrative courts decisions: a cascading classifier approach	41
Effectiveness in retrieving legal precedents: exploring text summarization and cutting-edge language models toward a cost-efficient approach	38
Building from scratch: a multi-agent framework with human-in-the-loop for multilingual legal terminology mapping	37
System for the anonymization of Romanian jurisprudence	31
Graph contrastive learning networks with augmentation for legal judgment prediction	31
Policing based on automatic facial recognition	30
Understanding unnecessary stops and police use of force in NYPD Stop, Question, and Frisk with machine learning techniques	29
MARRO: multi-headed attention for rhetorical role labeling in legal documents	28
Analogical lightweight ontology of EU criminal procedural rights in judicial cooperation	27
Document-level legal relation extraction based on domain feature and dual self-distillation	25
Topic classification of case law using a large language model and a new taxonomy for UK law: AI insights into summary judgment	24
A formalization of the Protagoras court paradox in a temporal logic of epistemic and normative reasons	24
The black box problem revisited. Real and imaginary challenges for automated legal decision making	20
Investigating legal question generation using large language models	20
Overcoming sentencing inconsistency - a proposal for algorithmic guidelines and juridical misalignment index	20
Towards a simple mathematical model for the legal concept of balancing of interests	18
The trade-off between robustness and reliability in chinese legal large language models: an empirical study	17
Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: the first decade	16
Combining prompt-based language models and weak supervision for labeling named entity recognition on legal documents	15
Correction: Using attention methods to predict judicial outcomes	15

Exploring explainable AI in the tax domain	15
Judicial knowledge-enhanced magnitude-aware reasoning for numerical legal judgment prediction	15
Self-training improves few-shot learning in legal artificial intelligence tasks	15
A support system for the detection of abusive clauses in B2C contracts	15
Tracking the evolution of case law with main path analysis	15
Automated legal reasoning with discretion to act using s(LAW)	13
Automatic extraction and collection of legal principles from CJEU decisions on Fiscal State Aid	13
Agents preserving privacy on intelligent transportation systems according to EU law	12
Comprehensive research on semantic understanding, applicability, and impact analysis of legal provisions based on deep learning and natural language processing	12
Challenges and Opportunities for Visual Analytics in Jurisprudence	12
A sentence is known by the company it keeps: Improving Legal Document Summarization Using Deep Clustering	12
Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: the second decade	11
A large scale benchmark for session-based recommendations on the legal domain	11
Identifying open-texture in regulations using LLMs	11
Content-aware instruction for zero-shot Chinese criminal legal case retrieval: a large language model-based framework	11
From unstructured text to structured reasoning: a hybrid knowledge graph for Indonesian sentencing analysis	11
The digital transformation of jurisprudence: an evaluation of ChatGPT-4’s applicability to solve cases in business law	11
Catala: Moving towards the future of legal expert systems	10
Enhancing legal judgment summarization with integrated semantic and structural information	10
LegItBART: a summarization model for Italian legal documents	10
Correction to: Code is law: how COMPAS affects the way the judiciary handles the risk of recidivism	10
Reasoning with inconsistent precedents	10
Legal text classification in Korean sexual offense cases: from traditional machine learning to large language models with XAI insights	10
Introduction to the special issue on applications and evaluation of large language models in the legal domain	10
Re-evaluating GPT-4’s bar exam performance	9
R2GQA: retriever-reader-generator question answering system to support students understanding legal regulations in higher education	9
Cost–benefit analysis of deploying shallow, deep learning and generative models for legal text classification	9
Correction: thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: the second decade	9
Legal sentence boundary detection using hybrid deep learning and statistical models	9