Climate Dynamics

Article	Citations
Enhancing spatiotemporal paleoclimate reconstructions of hydroclimate across the Mediterranean over the last millennium	95
Correction to: Dynamical controls on the diurnal cycle of temperature in complex topography	83
Interdecadal tropical Pacific–Atlantic interaction simulated in CMIP6 models	59
Numerical assessment of climatological trends for annual and seasonal wave characteristics during recent 41 years	59
Influence of ENSO, Southern Annular Mode, and IOD on the interdecadal change of the East Africa ‘short rains’	57
Correction to: Trends, variability and predictive skill of the ocean heat content in North Atlantic: an analysis with the EC-Earth3 model	55
More intense and less elevation-dependent hydrological intensity from 2000 to 2015 in the high mountains	54
Predictability of the anomaly pattern of summer extreme high temperature days over northern China	54
Shifts from surface density compensation to projected warming, freshening and stronger stratification in the subpolar North Atlantic	54
The effect of initialisation on 20 year multi-decadal climate predictions	52
Correction: Changes in extreme integrated water vapor transport on the U.S. west coast in NA-CORDEX, and relationship to mountain and inland precipitation	49
The warm Arctic-cold north american pattern in CanESM5 large ensemble simulations: Eurasian influence and uncertainty due to internal variability	48
Iberian hydroclimate variability and the Azores High during the last 1200 years: evidence from proxy records and climate model simulations	48
Mesoscale processes regulating the upper layer dynamics of Andaman waters during winter monsoon	48
Interplay of anthropogenic and natural drivers of observed coupled sea surface temperature - Arctic sea ice variability	44
The role of the land surface for surface climate: results from a stepwise land–atmosphere coupling experiment	44
Modulation of coupled Ural–Okhotsk circulation field on winter extreme cold events over East Asia	41
Upper ocean salinity and temperature changes and their contributions to the stratification in the tropical Pacific under global warming	41
Influences of central Pacific warming on synoptic-scale wave intensity over the northwest Pacific	40
How to choose credible ensemble members for the sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction of precipitation?	38
Evaluating the performance and detection efficiency of Weather Research Forecasting model with lightning parameterization schemes for identifying lightning hotspots over Northeast region in India	36
Biases and improvements of the ENSO-East Asian winter monsoon teleconnection in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models	35
Extreme precipitation analysis in Central Asia based on the two-step kappa approach under global change	33
Why is the temperature response larger for radiative forcing imposed in high latitudes than for forcing imposed in low latitudes?	33
Processes and mechanisms of the initial formation of the Siberian High during the autumn-to-winter transition	33

Asymmetric effect of ENSO on the maritime continent precipitation in decaying summers	32
Synergistic effect of El Niño and the North Pacific Oscillation on wintertime precipitation over Southeastern China and the East China Sea Kuroshio area	32
Potential role of Southern Annular Mode and Atlantic Ocean on West African summer monsoon rainfall	32
Contribution of large-scale atmospheric circulation and anthropogenic aerosols to recent summer warming over western Europe	32
Low-level circulation over Central Equatorial Africa as simulated from CMIP5 to CMIP6 models	32
ENSO-Former: spatiotemporal fusion network based on multivariate and dual-branch transformer for ENSO prediction	32
Influence of PDO and ENSO with Indian summer monsoon rainfall and its changing relationship before and after 1976 climate shift	31
Assessing CMIP6 uncertainties at global warming levels	30
Representing low temperature events and uncovering their dynamics in China between 1979 and 2018 amid climate change	30
Distinctive changes of Asian–African summer monsoon in interglacial epochs and global warming scenario	30
Role of the Bay of Bengal warming in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall trend	30
Feedback of tropical cyclones on El Niño diversity. Part I: Phenomenon	30
Comparative analysis of east Asian summer monsoon northern boundary indices: variability, climate anomalies and driving mechanisms	30
Moisture sources for the genesis of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using the lagrangian FLEXPART model	30
A statistical review on the optimal fingerprinting approach in climate change studies	30
Convection-permitting modeling strategies for simulating extreme rainfall events over Southeastern South America	29
Northern Pacific extratropical cyclone variability and its linkage with Arctic sea ice changes	29
A global climatology of tropical easterly waves	29
Exploring evolutionary patterns in the teleconnections between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and Indian Ocean dipole over decades	29
Remote effects of Tibetan Plateau spring land temperature on global subseasonal to seasonal precipitation prediction and comparison with effects of sea surface temperature: the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I expe	29
Factors determining the subseasonal prediction skill of summer extreme rainfall over southern China	28
Widespread monsoon extreme rainfall events over central Indian region: influence of dynamics and thermodynamics	28
Enhancing satellite sea level anomaly data assimilation in a coupled general circulation model with a hybrid mean dynamical topography	27
Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth	27
Simulation and projection of the sudden stratospheric warming events in different scenarios by CESM2-WACCM	27
Understanding CMIP6 biases in the representation of the Greater Horn of Africa long and short rains	27
Improving land surface feedbacks to the atmosphere in convection-permitting climate simulations for Europe	26
Regional climate model emulator based on deep learning: concept and first evaluation of a novel hybrid downscaling approach	26
Wintertime relationship between Antarctic sea ice and mid-high latitude atmosphere from an eddy activity perspective	26
Simulation of streamflow for extreme events using hydro-meteorological approach in the semi-arid river basin of India	26
Evolution of the subtropical surface wind in the north-east Atlantic under climate change	26
Taylor expansion of the correlation metric for an individual forecast evaluation and its application to East Asian sub-seasonal forecasts	24
Thermodynamic characteristics of extreme heat waves over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin	24
Future projections of summer precipitation-driving mechanisms over the South American Altiplano	24
Assessment of the changing role of lower tropospheric temperature advection under arctic amplification using a large ensemble climate simulation dataset	24
Delayed impact of El Niño on the spring surface air temperature over India	24
Evolution of warm season intense rainfall in Yaan against a cold-anomaly background	24
Physical processes of summer extreme rainfall interannual variability in Eastern China—part II: evaluation of CMIP6 models	24
Relative roles of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice melt on Indian summer monsoon	24
On the simulations of latent heat flux over the Indian Ocean in CMIP6 models	23
Impact of highest maximum sustained wind speed and its duration on storm surges and hydrodynamics along Krishna–Godavari coast	23
Correction to: Classification of extreme heatwave events in the Northern Hemisphere through a new method	23
Correction to: Tree-ring cellulose δ18O records similar large-scale climate influences as precipitation δ18O in the Northwest Territories of Canada	23
Parameterized orographic gravity wave drag and dynamical effects in CMIP6 models	22
Correction to: Oceanic drivers and empirical prediction of interannual rainfall variability in late summer over Northeast China	22
Characteristics and a mechanism of dust weather in Northern China	22
Multi-timescale modulation of North Pacific Victoria mode on Central Asian vortices causing heavy snowfall	22
Do CMIP6 models capture the observed anomalous asymmetric Hadley circulation during historical El Niño decaying stage	22
Multi-time scale control of Southern Ocean diapycnal mixing over Atlantic tracer budgets	22
Interannual variability in potential impacts of upper ocean salinity on sea surface cooling induced by tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific	22

Predictability of spatial distribution of pre-summer extreme precipitation days over southern China revealed by the physical-based empirical model	21
Mesoscale convective systems over the Amazon basin in a changing climate under global warming	21
Projected wind changes in the Caribbean Sea based on CMIP6 models	21
Physical connection between the tropical Indian Ocean tripole and western Tibetan Plateau surface air temperature during boreal summer	21
Distinct magnitude asymmetries of daily extreme anomalies in gross primary productivity between forests and non-forests	21
Mid-Holocene West African monsoon rainfall enhanced in EC-Earth simulation with dynamic vegetation feedback	21
How the central-western equatorial Pacific easterly wind in early 2022 affects the third-year La Niña occurrence	21
North Atlantic overturning and water mass transformation in CMIP6 models	20
Changes in compound drought-heat events over Brazil’s Pantanal wetland: an assessment using remote sensing data and multiple drought indicators	20
Role of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in modulating subseasonal to seasonal variability of Indian Summer Monsoon	20
El Niño signals revealed by AMSU-A brightness temperature observations	20
Interdecadal change in the effect of Tibetan Plateau snow cover on spring precipitation over Eastern China around the early 1990s	20
Decadal trends in surface solar radiation and cloud cover over the North Atlantic sector during the last four decades: drivers and physical processes	20
Intraseasonal and interannual mechanisms of summer rainfall over Northeast Brazil using a hidden Markov model	20
Antiphase change in Walker Circulation between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean during the Last Interglacial induced by interbasin sea surface temperature anomaly contrast	20
On the use of convolutional neural networks for downscaling daily temperatures over southern South America in a climate change scenario	20
Relationships between radiation flux and ENSO in the tropical Pacific over the last 170 years	19
Projections of subcontinental changes in seasonal precipitation over the two major river basins in South America under an extreme climate scenario	19
Impacts of climate change and climate variability on water resources and drought in an arid region and possible resiliency and adaptation measures against climate warming	19
Effects of climate modes on interannual variability of the equatorial currents in the Indian ocean	19
Assessment of extreme seasonal rainfall over India in current seasonal coupled models during the recent period	19
Evaluation of ERA5 and NCEP reanalysis climate models for precipitation and soil moisture over a semi-arid area in Kuwait	19
Robustness of climate indices relevant for agriculture in Africa deduced from GCMs and RCMs against reanalysis and gridded observations	19
Interannual variations of persistent extreme cold events in northeastern China	19
The central role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in the Bjerknes compensation	19
Intraseasonal contributions of Arctic sea-ice loss and Pacific decadal oscillation to a century cold event during early 2020/21 winter	19
Extremely hot East Asia and flooding western South Asia in the summer of 2022 tied to reversed flow over Tibetan Plateau	18
Hydrodynamics of regional and seasonal variations in Congo Basin precipitation	18
On the suitability of a convolutional neural network based RCM-emulator for fine spatio-temporal precipitation	18
Identifying the mechanisms of DO-scale oscillations in a GCM: a salt oscillator triggered by the Laurentide ice sheet	18
Remote Impact of the QBO-MJO on early summer precipitation in Eastern Asia: model evidence from CMIP6	18
How is the future climate linked to mean temperature changes over the west coast of India? Part-II: precipitation changes and drought severity from CMIP6 projections	18
Study of moisture flux over Uttarakhand State: signature of cloud bursts	18
Combined signatures of atmospheric drivers, soil moisture, and moisture source on floods in Narmada River basin, India	18
Impact of the tibetan plateau heat source on heatwaves in China	18
Modelling the Tropical African Climate using a state-of-the-art coupled regional climate-vegetation model	18
Understanding the regionality and diurnal cycles of precipitation in the Lake Victoria Basin during Boreal fall	18
A coupling model for global average water vapor and temperature change	18
Variabilities and trends in the onset, peak, and retreat of Intertropical Discontinuity (ITD) annual migrations over West Africa between 1979 and 2020	18
Global tree-ring response and inferred climate variation following the mid-thirteenth century Samalas eruption	18
Processes determining the seasonality of accelerated Tibetan Plateau warming during recent decades	18
Multivariate bias correction of regional climate model boundary conditions	18
Changes in Sahel summer rainfall in a global warming climate: contrasting the mid-Pliocene and future regional hydrological cycles	18
Compound impacts of South Asian summer monsoon and westerlies on summer precipitation over Tibetan Plateau	18
A climatology of wave-breaking events with blocking flow configurations in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere	17
Response of convective systems to the orbital forcing of the last interglacial in a global nonhydrostatic atmospheric model with and without a convective parameterization	17
Natural variability masks climate change sea surface temperature signals: a comparison between the Baltic Sea, North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean	17
Oxygen isotope constraints on the ventilation of the modern and glacial Pacific	17
Retrospective sub-seasonal forecasts of extreme precipitation events in the Arabian Peninsula using convective-permitting modeling	17
Record-breaking pre-flood rainfall over South China in 2022: role of historic warming over the Northeast Pacific and Maritime Continent	17
Response of atmospheric pCO$$_2$$ to a strong AMOC weakening under low and high emission scenarios	17
Impact of initializing the soil with a thermally and hydrologically balanced state on subseasonal predictability	17
The projected changes in extreme wave height indices over the Indian Ocean using COWCLIP2.0 datasets	17
Assessment of seasonal forecasting errors of the ECMWF system in the eastern Indian Ocean	17
Seasonally varying SST changes in the joining area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean from boreal spring to summer	17
Projected climate change impacts on hydrological droughts in Japan: dependency on climate and weather patterns	17
A Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model for extreme temperatures in Extremadura (Spain) simulated by a Regional Climate Model	17
Impact of SST and ocean dynamics on the interannual variability of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the tropical Pacific	17
Role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in intraseasonal variability of summer rainfall over the Indo–Northwest Pacific	17
Prediction of extreme events in precipitation and temperature over CONUS during boreal summer in the UFS coupled model	17
Revisiting the dry-to-wet shift of summer precipitation over the Three-River Headwaters region, hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau: a perspective of moisture sources changes	17
The relative contribution of large-scale circulation and local soil moisture to summer precipitation over Asian mid-low latitudes	17
Correction: Projected changes in precipitation extremes over Southeast Asia: unraveling the roles of thermodynamic and dynamic contributions	17
Prediction of the typhoon wind field in Hong Kong: integrating the effects of climate change using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways	17
Observed and projected changes in snow accumulation and snowline in California’s snowy mountains	17
Impact of the initial stratospheric polar vortex state on East Asian spring rainfall prediction in seasonal forecast models	17
Enhanced influences of ENSO on the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole since the early 1990s	17
Interpretation of interannual variability of the zonal contrasting thermal conditions in the winter South China Sea	17
Correction to: Large-scale dynamics have greater role than thermodynamics in driving precipitation extremes over India	17
Revisiting the modelled cloud radiative feedback on ENSO — the source of model uncertainty	16
Relationship between the Indo-western Pacific Ocean capacitor mode and Indian summer monsoon rainfall in CMIP6 models	16
Multi-decadal enhancement in the influence of El Niño on the Indian Ocean dipole mode	16
An interdecadal change in August Indochina Peninsula precipitation-ENSO relationship around 1980	16
Antarctic warming induced South Atlantic warming effect on the heatwaves in East Asia in 2022	16
Signatures of midsummer droughts over Central America and Mexico	16
A dry-wet teleconnection between southwestern and northeastern China in winter and early spring	16
Amplified East China precipitation related to East Asia–Pacific teleconnection due to preceding circumglobal teleconnection on quasi-biweekly timescale	16
On the present and future changes in Indian summer monsoon precipitation characteristics under different SSP scenarios from CMIP6 models	16
Potential effects of the projected Antarctic sea-ice loss on the climate system	16
Single-year and double-year El Niños	16

Trends in seasonal precipitation extremes and associated temperatures along continental Chile	16
A general framework quantifying variability in spatial inhomogeneity of global precipitation and its contribution	16
Contrasting physical mechanisms linking stratospheric polar vortex stretching events to cold Eurasia between autumn and late winter	16
Temporal variations of net Kuroshio transport based on a repeated hydrographic section along 137°E	16
Twenty-first century drought analysis across China under climate change	16
Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall simulations from CMIP3 to CMIP6 models	16
CloudSat inferred contrasting monsoon intra-seasonal variation in the cloud vertical structure over Indian regions	16
An investigation of the maintenance mechanisms of the quasi-biweekly Pacific-Japan teleconnection	16
Impacts of mid-latitude circulation on winter temperature variability in the Arabian Peninsula: the explicit role of NAO	16
Three distinct circulation patterns that induce enhanced intraseasonal precipitation events over South China in boreal winter	16
The dynamical-statistical subseasonal prediction of precipitation over China based on the BCC new-generation coupled model	16
Correction: response of gap wind-driven freezing rain and ice accretion in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, to global warming	15
Improving subseasonal forecast skill in the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model using soil moisture data assimilation	15
Summer surface warming driven by the strong El Niño in the South China Sea	15
Evaluation of sea surface temperature interhemispheric dipole in CMIP6 historical simulations	15
Enhanced influence of tropical Atlantic Sea surface temperature anomalies on east Asian summer monsoon since the late 1970s	15
Evaluation and projections of summer daily precipitation over Northeastern China in an optimal CMIP6 Multimodel Ensemble	15
Daily temperature variation in March in East Asia from 1979 to 2020	15
Why is the mid-tropospheric North Atlantic subtropical high much stronger than the North Pacific subtropical high in boreal summer?	15
How does the cumulus parameterization scheme influence the simulation of MJO propagation and structure?	15
Interdecadal change in the relationship between the Pacific Meridional Mode and landfalling tropical cyclone frequency in China	15
A hybrid model to predict the hydrological drought in the Tarim River Basin based on CMIP6	15
AMO modulation of interdecadal background of persistent heavy rainfall in summer over the Huaihe River Basin	15
The predictability of snow depth at the North Hemisphere originated from persistence and oceanic forcing	15
Mechanisms and impacts of enhanced rainfall over large islands in the Maritime Continent during the mid-holocene	15
Dynamic relationship between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and South Asian high in seasonal coupled models	15
Correction: Formation of long-lasting inactive and active multiple tropical cyclone events in the western North Pacific	15
How to determine the statistical significance of trends in seasonal records: application to Antarctic temperatures	15
Climate predictability on seasonal timescales over South America from the NMME models	14
Influence of Kuroshio Extension’s sea surface temperature variability on the North Pacific atmosphere and Pacific Decadal Precession	14
Propagation diversity of mid-high-latitude Eurasian intraseasonal oscillation during boreal winter	14
The influence of bias correction of global climate models prior to dynamical downscaling on projections of changes in climate: a case study over the CORDEX-Australasia domain	14
Moisture source identification for precipitation associated with tropical cyclone development over the Indian Ocean: a Lagrangian approach	14
Western United States wintertime precipitation response to warming: an assessment in a global storm-resolving model	14
Interdecadal change of external forcings of March rainfall interannual variation over southern China	14
An analysis about the linkage between precipitation and atmosphere stratification at climate scale	14
Analysis of the atmospheric direct dynamic source for the westerly extended WPSH and record-breaking Plum Rain in 2020	14
Interdecadal variation in the relationship between ENSO and summer precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River	14
Exploring the influence of the North Pacific Rossby wave sources on the variability of summer atmospheric circulation and precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere	14
The weakening relationship between ENSO and the following summer Pacific Japan teleconnection since the late 1990s	14
Feedback processes responsible for the deficiency of El Niño diversity in CESM2	14
Interannual variability and mechanism of ocean stratification over the Kuroshio Extension region in the warm season	14
Correction: The origin of summer high-salinity water in the southern Bay of Bengal and its interannual variabilities	14
Spatiotemporal features of nocturnal heavy rainfall over the central Yungui Plateau and its leading three-dimensional circulations patterns	14
Effect of “spiciness” on the intensification of cyclones over Arabian Sea - a case study on Biparjoy	14
Regional climate projections of daily extreme temperatures in Argentina applying statistical downscaling to CMIP5 and CMIP6 models	14
The interannual impact of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature on the surface air temperature over southern China in February	14
Impacts of the PMIP4 ice sheets on Northern Hemisphere climate during the last glacial period	13
Warming of Baltic Sea water masses since 1850	13
Impacts of the land use and land-cover changes on local hydroclimate in southwestern Amazon	13
Modulation of a long-lasting extreme cold event in Siberia by a minor sudden stratospheric warming and the dynamical mechanism involved	13
Impacts of Arctic sea ice loss on global ocean circulations and interbasin ocean heat exchanges	13
Decadal changes in the intraseasonal variability of intensity and location of East Asian polar-front jet around 2000 and associated mechanisms	13
The diurnal cycle from observations and ERA5 in precipitation, clouds, boundary layer height, buoyancy, and surface fluxes	13
Diurnal cycle of precipitation and near-surface atmospheric conditions over the maritime continent: land–sea contrast and impacts of ambient winds in cloud-permitting simulations	13
The sensitivity of the North American Monsoon to Gulf of California Sea surface temperatures	13
Predictability of the anomaly pattern of summer extreme high-temperature days over southern China	13
Global extreme precipitation characteristics: the perspective of climate and large river basins	13
Impacts of the East Asian winter monsoon on winter precipitation variability over East Asia-western North Pacific	13
Diurnal variability of lower and middle atmospheric water vapour over the Asian summer monsoon region: first results from COSMIC-1 and TIMED-SABER measurements	13
Forced response and internal variability in ensembles of climate simulations: identification and analysis using linear dynamical mode decomposition	13
From global to regional-scale CMIP6-derived wind wave extremes: a single-GCM HighResMIP and CORDEX downscaling experiment in South-East Australia	13
Climate change dominates the increasing exposure of global population to compound heatwave and humidity extremes in the future	13
Historical and future extreme climate events in highly vulnerable small Caribbean Islands	13
How do the characteristics of monsoon low pressure systems over India change under a warming climate? A modeling study using the NCAR CESM	13
Causes of extreme 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall: a study of combined effect of Indian Ocean and Arctic	13
Intercomparison of two model climates simulated by a unified weather-climate model system (GRIST), part II: Madden–Julian oscillation	13
Greenhouse warming-induced changes in Indian summer monsoon-ENSO teleconnections as modulated by the North Tropical Atlantic	13
Assessment of the wind power density over South America simulated by CMIP6 models in the present and future climate	13
Another look at interannual variations of the Asian-Australian monsoon during boreal summer: effects of sea surface temperatures in three tropical oceans	13
Diurnal cycle of precipitation over global monsoon systems in CMIP6 simulations	13
Correction to: Persistent freshening of the Arctic Ocean and changes in the North Atlantic salinity caused by Arctic sea ice decline	13
Understanding the alleviation of “Double-ITCZ” bias in CMIP6 models from the perspective of atmospheric energy balance	13
CMIP6 captures the satellite-era jet slowdown and Arctic amplification, yet projects future jet speedup and tropical amplification	12
Projected changes in precipitation extremes over Southeast Asia: unraveling the roles of thermodynamic and dynamic contributions	12
Multiscale mechanisms for the modulation of the Pacific Meridional Mode on tropical cyclone genesis over the western North Pacific: a comparison between 2004 and 2011	12
Global-scale multidecadal variability in climate models and observations, part II: The stadium wave	12
Towards Ensemble-Based Kilometer-Scale Climate Simulations over the Third Pole Region	12
Skill decreases in real-time seasonal climate prediction due to decadal variability	12
Wave climate around New Caledonia	12
Summer precipitation prediction in eastern China based on machine learning	12
Divergent dominant physical processes of extreme heatwaves in northern and southern China	12
Seasonal-varying characteristics of tropical Pacific westerly wind bursts during El Niño due to annual cycle modulation	12
Ocean salinity indices of interannual modes in the tropical Pacific	12
Diurnal variations of summer rainfall response to large-scale circulations and low-level winds over the Sichuan Basin	12
Understanding rainfall prediction skill over the Sahel in NMME seasonal forecast	12
Low-frequency variability enhancement of the midlatitude climate in an eddy-resolving coupled ocean–atmosphere model—part II: ocean mechanisms	12
Two pathways switch of the North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water toward the equatorial region identified in sigma-pi distance metric	12
How shrinkage of Lake Chad affects the local climate	12
Effects of Arctic sea ice in autumn on extreme cold events over the Tibetan Plateau in the following winter: possible mechanisms	12
Evaluation of easterly wave disturbances over the tropical South Atlantic in CMIP6 models	12
Impacts of radiative effect of pre-monsoon biomass burning aerosols on atmospheric circulation and rainfall over Southeast Asia and southern China	12
The midwinter suppression of the North Pacific storm track associated with the East Asian trough and Pacific blocking	12
Weak persistence of Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone during post-El Niño summers in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models	12
On the weakened connection between ENSO SST and warm water volume along the equatorial Pacific	12