Climate Dynamics

Article	Citations
Mesoscale processes regulating the upper layer dynamics of Andaman waters during winter monsoon	122
Upper ocean salinity and temperature changes and their contributions to the stratification in the tropical Pacific under global warming	89
Correction to: Dynamical controls on the diurnal cycle of temperature in complex topography	80
More intense and less elevation-dependent hydrological intensity from 2000 to 2015 in the high mountains	65
Predictability of the anomaly pattern of summer extreme high temperature days over northern China	63
Correction: Changes in extreme integrated water vapor transport on the U.S. west coast in NA-CORDEX, and relationship to mountain and inland precipitation	62
Interdecadal tropical Pacific–Atlantic interaction simulated in CMIP6 models	60
Iberian hydroclimate variability and the Azores High during the last 1200 years: evidence from proxy records and climate model simulations	60
Moisture sources for the genesis of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using the lagrangian FLEXPART model	57
Northern Pacific extratropical cyclone variability and its linkage with Arctic sea ice changes	51
The long-term variability of dominant mode of sea temperature gradient in the Northwest Atlantic	50
Modulation of coupled Ural–Okhotsk circulation field on winter extreme cold events over East Asia	38
Simulation and projection of the sudden stratospheric warming events in different scenarios by CESM2-WACCM	38
Enhancing satellite sea level anomaly data assimilation in a coupled general circulation model with a hybrid mean dynamical topography	37
The effect of initialisation on 20 year multi-decadal climate predictions	37
Influence of PDO and ENSO with Indian summer monsoon rainfall and its changing relationship before and after 1976 climate shift	37
Quantification of tropical monsoon precipitation changes in terms of interhemispheric differences in stratospheric sulfate aerosol optical depth	36
ENSO-Former: spatiotemporal fusion network based on multivariate and dual-branch transformer for ENSO prediction	36
Low-level circulation over Central Equatorial Africa as simulated from CMIP5 to CMIP6 models	35
Asymmetric effect of ENSO on the maritime continent precipitation in decaying summers	34
Representing low temperature events and uncovering their dynamics in China between 1979 and 2018 amid climate change	34
Extreme precipitation analysis in Central Asia based on the two-step kappa approach under global change	33
Why is the temperature response larger for radiative forcing imposed in high latitudes than for forcing imposed in low latitudes?	33
How to choose credible ensemble members for the sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction of precipitation?	32
Enhancing spatiotemporal paleoclimate reconstructions of hydroclimate across the Mediterranean over the last millennium	31

Synergistic effect of El Niño and the North Pacific Oscillation on wintertime precipitation over Southeastern China and the East China Sea Kuroshio area	31
Biases and improvements of the ENSO-East Asian winter monsoon teleconnection in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models	31
Contribution of large-scale atmospheric circulation and anthropogenic aerosols to recent summer warming over western Europe	31
The warm Arctic-cold north american pattern in CanESM5 large ensemble simulations: Eurasian influence and uncertainty due to internal variability	30
Convection-permitting modeling strategies for simulating extreme rainfall events over Southeastern South America	30
Role of the Bay of Bengal warming in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall trend	29
Distinctive changes of Asian–African summer monsoon in interglacial epochs and global warming scenario	29
Evaluating the performance and detection efficiency of Weather Research Forecasting model with lightning parameterization schemes for identifying lightning hotspots over Northeast region in India	28
Remote effects of Tibetan Plateau spring land temperature on global subseasonal to seasonal precipitation prediction and comparison with effects of sea surface temperature: the GEWEX/LS4P Phase I expe	28
A statistical review on the optimal fingerprinting approach in climate change studies	27
Comparative analysis of east Asian summer monsoon northern boundary indices: variability, climate anomalies and driving mechanisms	27
Processes and mechanisms of the initial formation of the Siberian High during the autumn-to-winter transition	27
Feedback of tropical cyclones on El Niño diversity. Part I: Phenomenon	27
Potential role of Southern Annular Mode and Atlantic Ocean on West African summer monsoon rainfall	26
Shifts from surface density compensation to projected warming, freshening and stronger stratification in the subpolar North Atlantic	26
Regional climate model emulator based on deep learning: concept and first evaluation of a novel hybrid downscaling approach	26
Exploring evolutionary patterns in the teleconnections between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and Indian Ocean dipole over decades	25
Influence of ENSO, Southern Annular Mode, and IOD on the interdecadal change of the East Africa ‘short rains’	25
Understanding CMIP6 biases in the representation of the Greater Horn of Africa long and short rains	25
On the perturbation potential energy in the synergistic effect of ENSO and South China Sea summer monsoon on the Indian Ocean dipole development	25
A global climatology of tropical easterly waves	24
Assessing CMIP6 uncertainties at global warming levels	24
Improving land surface feedbacks to the atmosphere in convection-permitting climate simulations for Europe	24
The role of the land surface for surface climate: results from a stepwise land–atmosphere coupling experiment	24
Factors determining the subseasonal prediction skill of summer extreme rainfall over southern China	24
Wintertime relationship between Antarctic sea ice and mid-high latitude atmosphere from an eddy activity perspective	24
Interplay of anthropogenic and natural drivers of observed coupled sea surface temperature - Arctic sea ice variability	24
Widespread monsoon extreme rainfall events over central Indian region: influence of dynamics and thermodynamics	24
Effects of climate modes on interannual variability of the equatorial currents in the Indian ocean	23
Taylor expansion of the correlation metric for an individual forecast evaluation and its application to East Asian sub-seasonal forecasts	23
Future projections of summer precipitation-driving mechanisms over the South American Altiplano	23
Intraseasonal and interannual mechanisms of summer rainfall over Northeast Brazil using a hidden Markov model	23
Evolution of the subtropical surface wind in the north-east Atlantic under climate change	23
Relationships between radiation flux and ENSO in the tropical Pacific over the last 170 years	23
Scandinavian teleconnection pattern favors the shift of Arctic stratospheric polar vortex toward Eurasia	23
Simulation of streamflow for extreme events using hydro-meteorological approach in the semi-arid river basin of India	23
Robustness of climate indices relevant for agriculture in Africa deduced from GCMs and RCMs against reanalysis and gridded observations	22
Evaluation of ERA5 and NCEP reanalysis climate models for precipitation and soil moisture over a semi-arid area in Kuwait	22
Correction to: Classification of extreme heatwave events in the Northern Hemisphere through a new method	22
Antiphase change in Walker Circulation between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean during the Last Interglacial induced by interbasin sea surface temperature anomaly contrast	22
Study of moisture flux over Uttarakhand State: signature of cloud bursts	22
Correction to: Tree-ring cellulose δ18O records similar large-scale climate influences as precipitation δ18O in the Northwest Territories of Canada	22
Projected dipole changes in the Pacific meridional mode-induced tropical cyclone genesis over the Western North Pacific under global warming	22
Robustness of dynamical coupling between wintertime European weather extremes and the large-scale circulation	22
Decadal trends in surface solar radiation and cloud cover over the North Atlantic sector during the last four decades: drivers and physical processes	21
Multi-timescale modulation of North Pacific Victoria mode on Central Asian vortices causing heavy snowfall	21
On the use of convolutional neural networks for downscaling daily temperatures over southern South America in a climate change scenario	21
Mid-Holocene West African monsoon rainfall enhanced in EC-Earth simulation with dynamic vegetation feedback	21
Processes determining the seasonality of accelerated Tibetan Plateau warming during recent decades	21
Interannual variations of persistent extreme cold events in northeastern China	21

Correction to: Oceanic drivers and empirical prediction of interannual rainfall variability in late summer over Northeast China	21
Mesoscale convective systems over the Amazon basin in a changing climate under global warming	21
Projected wind changes in the Caribbean Sea based on CMIP6 models	21
Interannual variability in potential impacts of upper ocean salinity on sea surface cooling induced by tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific	21
Multi-time scale control of Southern Ocean diapycnal mixing over Atlantic tracer budgets	21
Assessment of extreme seasonal rainfall over India in current seasonal coupled models during the recent period	21
Physical connection between the tropical Indian Ocean tripole and western Tibetan Plateau surface air temperature during boreal summer	21
Global tree-ring response and inferred climate variation following the mid-thirteenth century Samalas eruption	20
How the central-western equatorial Pacific easterly wind in early 2022 affects the third-year La Niña occurrence	20
Hydrodynamics of regional and seasonal variations in Congo Basin precipitation	20
Changes in compound drought-heat events over Brazil’s Pantanal wetland: an assessment using remote sensing data and multiple drought indicators	20
Predictability of spatial distribution of pre-summer extreme precipitation days over southern China revealed by the physical-based empirical model	20
The central role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in the Bjerknes compensation	20
North Atlantic overturning and water mass transformation in CMIP6 models	20
On the suitability of a convolutional neural network based RCM-emulator for fine spatio-temporal precipitation	20
Impact of highest maximum sustained wind speed and its duration on storm surges and hydrodynamics along Krishna–Godavari coast	20
Evolution of warm season intense rainfall in Yaan against a cold-anomaly background	20
Characteristics and a mechanism of dust weather in Northern China	20
On the simulations of latent heat flux over the Indian Ocean in CMIP6 models	20
Assessment of the changing role of lower tropospheric temperature advection under arctic amplification using a large ensemble climate simulation dataset	20
El Niño signals revealed by AMSU-A brightness temperature observations	20
Physical processes of summer extreme rainfall interannual variability in Eastern China—part II: evaluation of CMIP6 models	20
Relative roles of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice melt on Indian summer monsoon	20
Do CMIP6 models capture the observed anomalous asymmetric Hadley circulation during historical El Niño decaying stage	20
Role of Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in modulating subseasonal to seasonal variability of Indian Summer Monsoon	20
Thermodynamic characteristics of extreme heat waves over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin	19
Impacts of climate change and climate variability on water resources and drought in an arid region and possible resiliency and adaptation measures against climate warming	19
Delayed impact of El Niño on the spring surface air temperature over India	19
Combined signatures of atmospheric drivers, soil moisture, and moisture source on floods in Narmada River basin, India	19
Distinct magnitude asymmetries of daily extreme anomalies in gross primary productivity between forests and non-forests	19
Extremely hot East Asia and flooding western South Asia in the summer of 2022 tied to reversed flow over Tibetan Plateau	19
A coupling model for global average water vapor and temperature change	19
Parameterized orographic gravity wave drag and dynamical effects in CMIP6 models	19
Complex network reveals propagation and moisture dynamics of Indian monsoon precipitation extremes	19
Impact of the tibetan plateau heat source on heatwaves in China	19
Response of atmospheric pCO$$_2$$ to a strong AMOC weakening under low and high emission scenarios	19
Revisiting the modelled cloud radiative feedback on ENSO — the source of model uncertainty	18
Signatures of midsummer droughts over Central America and Mexico	18
Changes in Sahel summer rainfall in a global warming climate: contrasting the mid-Pliocene and future regional hydrological cycles	18
Impact of the initial stratospheric polar vortex state on East Asian spring rainfall prediction in seasonal forecast models	18
Assessment of seasonal forecasting errors of the ECMWF system in the eastern Indian Ocean	18
Potential effects of the projected Antarctic sea-ice loss on the climate system	18
A dry-wet teleconnection between southwestern and northeastern China in winter and early spring	18
Impacts of mid-latitude circulation on winter temperature variability in the Arabian Peninsula: the explicit role of NAO	18
Single-year and double-year El Niños	18
Observed and projected changes in snow accumulation and snowline in California’s snowy mountains	18
Remote Impact of the QBO-MJO on early summer precipitation in Eastern Asia: model evidence from CMIP6	18
Amplified East China precipitation related to East Asia–Pacific teleconnection due to preceding circumglobal teleconnection on quasi-biweekly timescale	18
Enhanced influences of ENSO on the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole since the early 1990s	18
The dynamical-statistical subseasonal prediction of precipitation over China based on the BCC new-generation coupled model	17
Impact of SST and ocean dynamics on the interannual variability of air-sea CO2 fluxes in the tropical Pacific	17
The relative contribution of large-scale circulation and local soil moisture to summer precipitation over Asian mid-low latitudes	17
A general framework quantifying variability in spatial inhomogeneity of global precipitation and its contribution	17
Diurnal variation of summer precipitation in the Sanjiangyuan region, China: a moisture perspective	17
How is the future climate linked to mean temperature changes over the west coast of India? Part-II: precipitation changes and drought severity from CMIP6 projections	17
Role of ocean-atmosphere interaction in intraseasonal variability of summer rainfall over the Indo–Northwest Pacific	17
Seasonally varying SST changes in the joining area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Ocean from boreal spring to summer	17
Prediction of extreme events in precipitation and temperature over CONUS during boreal summer in the UFS coupled model	17
Relationship between the Indo-western Pacific Ocean capacitor mode and Indian summer monsoon rainfall in CMIP6 models	17
Identifying the mechanisms of DO-scale oscillations in a GCM: a salt oscillator triggered by the Laurentide ice sheet	17
Variabilities and trends in the onset, peak, and retreat of Intertropical Discontinuity (ITD) annual migrations over West Africa between 1979 and 2020	17
A climatology of wave-breaking events with blocking flow configurations in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere	17
Correction: Projected changes in precipitation extremes over Southeast Asia: unraveling the roles of thermodynamic and dynamic contributions	17
Antarctic warming induced South Atlantic warming effect on the heatwaves in East Asia in 2022	17
Contrasting physical mechanisms linking stratospheric polar vortex stretching events to cold Eurasia between autumn and late winter	17
A hybrid model to predict the hydrological drought in the Tarim River Basin based on CMIP6	16
CloudSat inferred contrasting monsoon intra-seasonal variation in the cloud vertical structure over Indian regions	16
Twenty-first century drought analysis across China under climate change	16
Record-breaking pre-flood rainfall over South China in 2022: role of historic warming over the Northeast Pacific and Maritime Continent	16
A Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal model for extreme temperatures in Extremadura (Spain) simulated by a Regional Climate Model	16
Natural variability masks climate change sea surface temperature signals: a comparison between the Baltic Sea, North Sea and North Atlantic Ocean	16
Extreme multi-source forcings reshape three-dimensional circulation to drive the record-breaking Early-Autumn 2024 heat event over the Yangtze River Basin	16
On the present and future changes in Indian summer monsoon precipitation characteristics under different SSP scenarios from CMIP6 models	16
Compound impacts of South Asian summer monsoon and westerlies on summer precipitation over Tibetan Plateau	16
Multi-decadal enhancement in the influence of El Niño on the Indian Ocean dipole mode	16
Oxygen isotope constraints on the ventilation of the modern and glacial Pacific	16
The projected changes in extreme wave height indices over the Indian Ocean using COWCLIP2.0 datasets	16
Multivariate bias correction of regional climate model boundary conditions	16
Three distinct circulation patterns that induce enhanced intraseasonal precipitation events over South China in boreal winter	16
An interdecadal change in August Indochina Peninsula precipitation-ENSO relationship around 1980	16

Spatiotemporal features of nocturnal heavy rainfall over the central Yungui Plateau and its leading three-dimensional circulations patterns	15
Understanding the regionality and diurnal cycles of precipitation in the Lake Victoria Basin during Boreal fall	15
Impact of initializing the soil with a thermally and hydrologically balanced state on subseasonal predictability	15
Interannual variability and mechanism of ocean stratification over the Kuroshio Extension region in the warm season	15
Correction: response of gap wind-driven freezing rain and ice accretion in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, to global warming	15
CMIP6 model performance in simulating precipitation and its extreme characteristics across Southeast Asia	15
Projected climate change impacts on hydrological droughts in Japan: dependency on climate and weather patterns	15
Trends in seasonal precipitation extremes and associated temperatures along continental Chile	15
Response of convective systems to the orbital forcing of the last interglacial in a global nonhydrostatic atmospheric model with and without a convective parameterization	15
Retrospective sub-seasonal forecasts of extreme precipitation events in the Arabian Peninsula using convective-permitting modeling	15
Mechanisms and impacts of enhanced rainfall over large islands in the Maritime Continent during the mid-holocene	15
Revisiting the dry-to-wet shift of summer precipitation over the Three-River Headwaters region, hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau: a perspective of moisture sources changes	15
An investigation of the maintenance mechanisms of the quasi-biweekly Pacific-Japan teleconnection	15
Skilful seasonal predictions of droughts in the Mediterranean region	15
Prediction of the typhoon wind field in Hong Kong: integrating the effects of climate change using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways	15
Exploring the influence of the North Pacific Rossby wave sources on the variability of summer atmospheric circulation and precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere	14
Correction: The origin of summer high-salinity water in the southern Bay of Bengal and its interannual variabilities	14
Daily temperature variation in March in East Asia from 1979 to 2020	14
The diurnal cycle from observations and ERA5 in precipitation, clouds, boundary layer height, buoyancy, and surface fluxes	14
Correction: Formation of long-lasting inactive and active multiple tropical cyclone events in the western North Pacific	14
Modulation of a long-lasting extreme cold event in Siberia by a minor sudden stratospheric warming and the dynamical mechanism involved	14
Diurnal cycle of precipitation over global monsoon systems in CMIP6 simulations	14
Differences in subsurface marine heatwave characteristics at two tropical South West Indian Ocean islands: influence of the south equatorial countercurrent and eddy activity	14
Assessment of winter three-dimensional extreme cold events over the Northern Hemisphere during 1959–2020 based on CMIP6 models	14
Influence of Kuroshio Extension’s sea surface temperature variability on the North Pacific atmosphere and Pacific Decadal Precession	14
Impacts of the East Asian winter monsoon on winter precipitation variability over East Asia-western North Pacific	14
The predictability of snow depth at the North Hemisphere originated from persistence and oceanic forcing	14
Interdecadal variation in the relationship between ENSO and summer precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River	14
Intercomparison of two model climates simulated by a unified weather-climate model system (GRIST), part II: Madden–Julian oscillation	14
Improving subseasonal forecast skill in the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model using soil moisture data assimilation	14
The interannual impact of the North Atlantic sea surface temperature on the surface air temperature over southern China in February	14
An analysis about the linkage between precipitation and atmosphere stratification at climate scale	14
Enhanced influence of tropical Atlantic Sea surface temperature anomalies on east Asian summer monsoon since the late 1970s	14
Greenhouse warming-induced changes in Indian summer monsoon-ENSO teleconnections as modulated by the North Tropical Atlantic	14
Decadal changes in the intraseasonal variability of intensity and location of East Asian polar-front jet around 2000 and associated mechanisms	14
Climate predictability on seasonal timescales over South America from the NMME models	14
Moisture source identification for precipitation associated with tropical cyclone development over the Indian Ocean: a Lagrangian approach	14
Propagation diversity of mid-high-latitude Eurasian intraseasonal oscillation during boreal winter	14
Impact of summer atmospheric heat source over the Tibetan Plateau on the interannual variability of precipitation in Northwest China	13
Summer surface warming driven by the strong El Niño in the South China Sea	13
Climate change dominates the increasing exposure of global population to compound heatwave and humidity extremes in the future	13
Diurnal variability of lower and middle atmospheric water vapour over the Asian summer monsoon region: first results from COSMIC-1 and TIMED-SABER measurements	13
Analysis of the atmospheric direct dynamic source for the westerly extended WPSH and record-breaking Plum Rain in 2020	13
Interdecadal change in the relationship between the Pacific Meridional Mode and landfalling tropical cyclone frequency in China	13
AMO modulation of interdecadal background of persistent heavy rainfall in summer over the Huaihe River Basin	13
Evaluation of sea surface temperature interhemispheric dipole in CMIP6 historical simulations	13
Interdecadal change of external forcings of March rainfall interannual variation over southern China	13
Predictability of the anomaly pattern of summer extreme high-temperature days over southern China	13
Western United States wintertime precipitation response to warming: an assessment in a global storm-resolving model	13
The influence of bias correction of global climate models prior to dynamical downscaling on projections of changes in climate: a case study over the CORDEX-Australasia domain	13
Evaluation and projections of summer daily precipitation over Northeastern China in an optimal CMIP6 Multimodel Ensemble	13
Coupled tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics of Kelvin waves over West Sumatra and its implications for precipitation variability in the Maritime Continent	13
The weakening relationship between ENSO and the following summer Pacific Japan teleconnection since the late 1990s	13
Feedback processes responsible for the deficiency of El Niño diversity in CESM2	13
Impacts of Arctic sea ice loss on global ocean circulations and interbasin ocean heat exchanges	13
Effect of “spiciness” on the intensification of cyclones over Arabian Sea - a case study on Biparjoy	13
Causes of extreme 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall: a study of combined effect of Indian Ocean and Arctic	13
Forced response and internal variability in ensembles of climate simulations: identification and analysis using linear dynamical mode decomposition	13
From global to regional-scale CMIP6-derived wind wave extremes: a single-GCM HighResMIP and CORDEX downscaling experiment in South-East Australia	13
Long-term dynamics of PAR and CO2 exchange in a temperate wetland: vegetation development and climatic drivers	13
Regional climate projections of daily extreme temperatures in Argentina applying statistical downscaling to CMIP5 and CMIP6 models	13
How does the cumulus parameterization scheme influence the simulation of MJO propagation and structure?	13
On the weakened connection between ENSO SST and warm water volume along the equatorial Pacific	12
In-phase variations of winter and spring dryness/wetness over Southwest China: impact of winter snow cover in the Tibetan Plateau	12
Historical changes and projected trends of extreme climate events in Xinjiang, China	12
Detection, mapping, and interpretation of the main drivers of the Arctic GPP change from 2001 to 2019	12
The role of Atlantic variability in modulating the tropical cyclone formation in the Australian region	12
Wave climate around New Caledonia	12
MEDSCOPE Special Issue: advancing the understanding of variability and predictability over the Mediterranean region at seasonal to decadal time scales	12
Correction to: Persistent freshening of the Arctic Ocean and changes in the North Atlantic salinity caused by Arctic sea ice decline	12
Correction: Warming of the lower ocean layer modulated by vertical advection prior to typhoon arrival	12
Warming of Baltic Sea water masses since 1850	12
Correction: Emission reductions during COVID-19 enhance marine heatwave over the North Pacific in spring 2020	12
Austral spring Antarctic Oscillation modulates summer precipitation over southeastern Africa from 1979 to 2019	12
Historical and future extreme climate events in highly vulnerable small Caribbean Islands	12
Quantitative attribution of vertical motions responsible for the early spring drought conditions over southeastern China	12
Impact of the Pacific-Japan pattern on the tropical Indo-western Pacific Ocean surface waves	12
Impacts of the PMIP4 ice sheets on Northern Hemisphere climate during the last glacial period	12
Skill decreases in real-time seasonal climate prediction due to decadal variability	12
Two pathways switch of the North Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water toward the equatorial region identified in sigma-pi distance metric	12
Dynamic relationship between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and South Asian high in seasonal coupled models	12
Impacts of the land use and land-cover changes on local hydroclimate in southwestern Amazon	12
Assessment of the wind power density over South America simulated by CMIP6 models in the present and future climate	12
Tropopause folding events to the northeast of Tibetan Plateau in boreal summer and their remote relation to the circulation anomalies over northeastern Atlantic	12
Sensitivity experiments on the role of moisture in the eastward propagation of MJO	12
A broadscale shift in antarctic temperature trends	12
Impacts of radiative effect of pre-monsoon biomass burning aerosols on atmospheric circulation and rainfall over Southeast Asia and southern China	12
Triggering effect of an unusual northwestward-moving tropical cyclone over the Bay of Bengal on the extremely early Indian summer monsoon onset	12
Weak persistence of Northwest Pacific anomalous anticyclone during post-El Niño summers in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models	12
How do the characteristics of monsoon low pressure systems over India change under a warming climate? A modeling study using the NCAR CESM	12
Another look at interannual variations of the Asian-Australian monsoon during boreal summer: effects of sea surface temperatures in three tropical oceans	12
Global extreme precipitation characteristics: the perspective of climate and large river basins	12
Summer precipitation prediction in eastern China based on machine learning	11
Increased extreme warming events and the differences in the observed hydrothermal responses of the active layer to these events in China’s permafrost regions	11
Influence of compound zonal displacements of the South Asia high and the western Pacific subtropical high on Meiyu intraseasonal variation	11