Psychological Science

Article	Citations
Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention	858
What Is the Test-Retest Reliability of Common Task-Functional MRI Measures? New Empirical Evidence and a Meta-Analysis	406
The Emotional Path to Action: Empathy Promotes Physical Distancing and Wearing of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic	312
Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) Psychology: Measuring and Mapping Scales of Cultural and Psychological Distance	283
Age Advantages in Emotional Experience Persist Even Under Threat From the COVID-19 Pandemic	159
Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Relationship Satisfaction and Attributions	109
People Reject Algorithms in Uncertain Decision Domains Because They Have Diminishing Sensitivity to Forecasting Error	98
Teacher Mindsets Help Explain Where a Growth-Mindset Intervention Does and Doesn’t Work	82
A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect	71
Changing Social Contexts to Foster Equity in College Science Courses: An Ecological-Belonging Intervention	69
Universal Patterns in Color-Emotion Associations Are Further Shaped by Linguistic and Geographic Proximity	69
Functional MRI Can Be Highly Reliable, but It Depends on What You Measure: A Commentary on Elliott et al. (2020)	68
Polluted Psyche: Is the Effect of Air Pollution on Unethical Behavior More Physiological or Psychological?	67
Gender Stereotypes in Natural Language: Word Embeddings Show Robust Consistency Across Child and Adult Language Corpora of More Than 65 Million Words	64
How Accurate Are Accuracy-Nudge Interventions? A Preregistered Direct Replication of Pennycook et al. (2020)	55
The Bilingual Advantage in Children’s Executive Functioning Is Not Related to Language Status: A Meta-Analytic Review	54
Relational Mobility Predicts Faster Spread of COVID-19: A 39-Country Study	53
Behavioral Immune Trade-Offs: Interpersonal Value Relaxes Social Pathogen Avoidance	52
Minding Your Own Business? Mindfulness Decreases Prosocial Behavior for People With Independent Self-Construals	49
Revisiting the Integration Hypothesis: Correlational and Longitudinal Meta-Analyses Demonstrate the Limited Role of Acculturation for Cross-Cultural Adaptation	49
The Experience of Empathy in Everyday Life	46
Preverbal Infants Discover Statistical Word Patterns at Similar Rates as Adults: Evidence From Neural Entrainment	44
Training for Wisdom: The Distanced-Self-Reflection Diary Method	43
Does Happiness Improve Health? Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial	43
Children Prioritize Humans Over Animals Less Than Adults Do	42

Aging Increases Prosocial Motivation for Effort	40
Responsible Use of Open-Access Developmental Data: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study	38
The Development of Intersectional Social Prototypes	36
Face Pareidolia Recruits Mechanisms for Detecting Human Social Attention	34
Playing With Fear: A Field Study in Recreational Horror	34
The Truth Is Out There: Accuracy in Recall of Verifiable Real-World Events	34
The Crowd-Emotion-Amplification Effect	32
Prosocial Influence and Opportunistic Conformity in Adolescents and Young Adults	31
Theta-Rhythmic Oscillation of Working Memory Performance	31
Acute Psychosocial Stress Increases Cognitive-Effort Avoidance	31
Moral-Language Use by U.S. Political Elites	30
The Psychological Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Associated With Antisystemic Attitudes and Political Violence	29
Linking Detail to Temporal Structure in Naturalistic-Event Recall	29
Age-Related Changes in Spatial Navigation Are Evident by Midlife and Differ by Sex	28
Using Machine Learning to Generate Novel Hypotheses: Increasing Optimism About COVID-19 Makes People Less Willing to Justify Unethical Behaviors	28
Automatic Guidance (and Misguidance) of Visuospatial Attention by Acquired Scene Memory: Evidence From an N1pc Polarity Reversal	27
The Earliest Origins of Genetic Nurture: The Prenatal Environment Mediates the Association Between Maternal Genetics and Child Development	26
Reminders of Everyday Misinformation Statements Can Enhance Memory for and Beliefs in Corrections of Those Statements in the Short Term	25
The Importance of Random Slopes in Mixed Models for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing	25
The Latent Genetic Structure of Impulsivity and Its Relation to Internalizing Psychopathology	25
Reframing Achievement Setbacks: A Motivation Intervention to Improve 8-Year Graduation Rates for Students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Fields	24
The Effect of Repetition on Truth Judgments Across Development	23
Correlates of Hallucinatory Experiences in the General Population: An International Multisite Replication Study	22
Facial Impressions Are Predicted by the Structure of Group Stereotypes	22
The Language of Social Touch Is Intuitive and Quantifiable	22
Cultures Crossing: The Power of Habit in Delaying Gratification	22
Looking for Semantic Similarity: What a Vector-Space Model of Semantics Can Tell Us About Attention in Real-World Scenes	22
Concerns About Automation and Negative Sentiment Toward Immigration	22
How Collective-Action Failure Shapes Group Heterogeneity and Engagement in Conventional and Radical Action Over Time	22
The Attitude–Behavior Relationship Revisited	21
General Enhancement of Spatial Hearing in Congenitally Blind People	21
The Dramatic Impact of Explicit Instruction on Learning to Read in a New Writing System	21
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Retrospective Assessments of the Quality of Childhood Parenting: Prospective Evidence From Infancy to Age 26 Years	21
A Contextual Approach to the Psychological Study of Identity Concealment: Examining Direct, Interactive, and Indirect Effects of Structural Stigma on Concealment Motivation Across Proximal and Distal	21
Incel Activity on Social Media Linked to Local Mating Ecology	21
On Intersectionality: How Complex Patterns of Discrimination Can Emerge From Simple Stereotypes	20
Positive Affect Is Associated With Less Memory Decline: Evidence From a 9-Year Longitudinal Study	20
Affective Arousal Links Sound to Meaning	20
Against Empathy Bias: The Moral Value of Equitable Empathy	20
The Negative Effect of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance May Be Overestimated: Evidence From a 2-Year Panel Study	20
The Unintended Consequences of the Things We Say: What Generic Statements Communicate to Children About Unmentioned Categories	20
The Lure of Counterfactual Curiosity: People Incur a Cost to Experience Regret	20
Neighborhood Deprivation Shapes Motivational-Neurocircuit Recruitment in Children	20
Action Enhances Predicted Touch	20
Parents Fine-Tune Their Speech to Children’s Vocabulary Knowledge	20
Massive Effects of Saliency on Information Processing in Visual Working Memory	19
Global Variation in Subjective Well-Being Predicts Seven Forms of Altruism	19
Does Neuronal Recycling Result in Destructive Competition? The Influence of Learning to Read on the Recognition of Faces	19
Misogynistic Tweets Correlate With Violence Against Women	19
Placebo Analgesia Reduces Costly Prosocial Helping to Lower Another Person’s Pain	19

Patterns of Implicit and Explicit Attitudes: IV. Change and Stability From 2007 to 2020	19
An Emphasis on Brilliance Fosters Masculinity-Contest Cultures	18
Racial Bias in Police Traffic Stops: White Residents’ County-Level Prejudice and Stereotypes Are Related to Disproportionate Stopping of Black Drivers	18
Truth, Lies, and Gossip	18
Real-World Exploration Increases Across Adolescence and Relates to Affect, Risk Taking, and Social Connectivity	18
The Well-Being Benefits of Person-Culture Match Are Contingent on Basic Personality Traits	18
Twin Differences in Harsh Parenting Predict Youth’s Antisocial Behavior	18
Resourceful Actors, Not Weak Victims: Reframing Refugees’ Stigmatized Identity Enhances Long-Term Academic Engagement	17
The Impact of Feedback on Perceptual Decision-Making and Metacognition: Reduction in Bias but No Change in Sensitivity	17
Air Pollution, State Anxiety, and Unethical Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review	17
Personality Traits and Memory: A Multilevel Analysis Across 27 Countries From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe	17
Coping With Health Threats: The Costs and Benefits of Managing Emotions	17
The Effect of Replications on Citation Patterns: Evidence From a Large-Scale Reproducibility Project	17
The Effect of Prediction Error on Belief Update Across the Political Spectrum	16
The Psychological Appeal of Fake-News Attributions	16
Generating Options and Choosing Between Them Depend on Distinct Forms of Value Representation	16
The Effects of Handwriting Experience on Literacy Learning	16
Alertness Training Increases Visual Processing Speed in Healthy Older Adults	16
The Contribution of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills to Intergenerational Social Mobility	16
Delay of Gratification as Reputation Management	16
Preregistered Direct Replication of “Sick Body, Vigilant Mind: The Biological Immune System Activates the Behavioral Immune System”	15
The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?	15
Using Body Ownership to Modulate the Motor System in Stroke Patients	15
Niche Diversity Predicts Personality Structure Across 115 Nations	15
Children’s Cognitive Reflection Predicts Conceptual Understanding in Science and Mathematics	15
Why Is an Early Start of Training Related to Musical Skills in Adulthood? A Genetically Informative Study	15
Keeping an Eye on Effort: A Pupillometric Investigation of Effort and Effortlessness in Visual Word Recognition	15
Confidence as a Priority Signal	15
Harsh but Expedient: Dominant Leaders Increase Group Cooperation via Threat of Punishment	15
Female Chess Players Show Typical Stereotype-Threat Effects: Commentary on Stafford (2018)	15
Broken Physics: A Conjunction-Fallacy Effect in Intuitive Physical Reasoning	15
Charged With a Crime: The Neuronal Signature of Processing Negatively Evaluated Faces Under Different Attentional Conditions	15
Growth-Mindset Intervention Delivered by Teachers Boosts Achievement in Early Adolescence	15
Reasoning Through the Disjunctive Syllogism in Monkeys	15
The Long-Term Effects of New Evidence on Implicit Impressions of Other People	15
Dominance-Driven Autocratic Political Orientations Predict Political Violence in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) and Non-WEIRD Samples	15
Adaptive Repulsion of Long-Term Memory Representations Is Triggered by Event Similarity	15
Personality Changes Predict Early Career Outcomes: Discovery and Replication in 12-Year Longitudinal Studies	15
Attitudes Based on Feelings: Fixed or Fleeting?	14
Scene Context Impairs Perception of Semantically Congruent Objects	14
Narratives Shape Cognitive Representations of Immigrants and Immigration-Policy Preferences	14
Children With More Uncertainty in Their Intuitive Theories Seek Domain-Relevant Information	14
Exploring the Facets of Emotional Episodic Memory: Remembering “What,” “When,” and “Which”	14
Effects of Time-Varying Parent Input on Children’s Language Outcomes Differ for Vocabulary and Syntax	14
Time to Pay Attention? Information Search Explains Amplified Framing Effects Under Time Pressure	14
Effortful Control Moderates the Relation Between Electronic-Media Use and Objective Sleep Indicators in Childhood	14
The Impact of Implicit-Bias-Oriented Diversity Training on Police Officers’ Beliefs, Motivations, and Actions	14
Personality Traits Predict Long-Term Physical Health via Affect Reactivity to Daily Stressors	14
Frequency-Specific Effects in Infant Electroencephalograms Do Not Require Entrained Neural Oscillations: A Commentary on Köster et al. (2019)	14
Attentional Guidance and Match Decisions Rely on Different Template Information During Visual Search	14
Idiosyncratic Tower of Babel: Individual Differences in Word-Meaning Representation Increase as Word Abstractness Increases	14
Theory-of-Mind Development in Young Deaf Children With Early Hearing Provisions	13
Cheaters, Liars, or Both? A New Classification of Dishonesty Profiles	13
Effects of Selective Attention on Mean-Size Computation: Weighted Averaging and Perceptual Enlargement	13
Preregistered Replication of “Feeling Superior Is a Bipartisan Issue: Extremity (Not Direction) of Political Views Predicts Perceived Belief Superiority”	13
Acting Like a Baby Boomer? Birth-Cohort Differences in Adults’ Personality Trajectories During the Last Half a Century	13
Expectancy Violation Drives Memory Boost for Stressful Events	13
Flavor Sensing in Utero and Emerging Discriminative Behaviors in the Human Fetus	13
Auxiliary Scene-Context Information Provided by Anchor Objects Guides Attention and Locomotion in Natural Search Behavior	13
Little Between-Region and Between-Country Variance When People Form Impressions of Others	12
Lay Beliefs About Gender and Sexual Behavior: First Evidence for a Pervasive, Robust (but Seemingly Unfounded) Stereotype	12
Motivating Personal Growth by Seeking Discomfort	12
The Distinct Effects of Empathic Accuracy for a Romantic Partner’s Appeasement and Dominance Emotions	12
What’s in a Badge? A Computational Reproducibility Investigation of the Open Data Badge Policy in One Issue of Psychological Science	12
What Is Time Good for in Working Memory?	12
Titrating the Smell of Fear: Initial Evidence for Dose-Invariant Behavioral, Physiological, and Neural Responses	12
Harder Than You Think: How Outside Assistance Leads to Overconfidence	12
Revisiting the Suffixing Preference: Native-Language Affixation Patterns Influence Perception of Sequences	12
Interleaving Retrieval Practice Promotes Science Learning	12
Blind at First Sight: The Role of Distinctively Accurate and Positive First Impressions in Romantic Interest	11
Queen’s Gambit Declined: The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Participation Across 160 Countries	11
Stress and Stress-Induced Glucocorticoids Facilitate Empathic Accuracy in Men but Have No Effects for Women	11
Early-Life Socioeconomic Circumstances and Physical Activity in Older Age: Women Pay the Price	11
Testing Deprivation and Threat: A Preregistered Network Analysis of the Dimensions of Early Adversity	11
Effects of Trust and Threat Messaging on Academic Cheating: A Field Study	11
Too Reluctant to Reach Out: Receiving Social Support Is More Positive Than Expressers Expect	11
Feeling Appreciated Buffers Against the Negative Effects of Unequal Division of Household Labor on Relationship Satisfaction	11
Never Too Much—The Benefit of Talent to Team Performance in the National Basketball Association: Comment on Swaab, Schaerer, Anicich, Ronay, and Galinsky (2014)	11
Enhancing the Wisdom of the Crowd With Cognitive-Process Diversity: The Benefits of Aggregating Intuitive and Analytical Judgments	11
Severe Developmental Dyscalculia Is Characterized by Core Deficits in Both Symbolic and Nonsymbolic Number Sense	11

Aging Predicts Decline in Explicit and Implicit Memory: A Life-Span Study	11
B or 13? Unconscious Top-Down Contextual Effects at the Categorical but Not the Lexical Level	11
Physically Implied Surfaces	10
Lifting the Bar: A Relationship-Orienting Intervention Reduces Recidivism Among Children Reentering School From Juvenile Detention	10
Do Religious Primes Increase Risk Taking? Evidence Against “Anticipating Divine Protection” in Two Preregistered Direct Replications of Kupor, Laurin, and Levav (2015)	10
Asking People to Explain Complex Policies Does Not Increase Political Moderation: Three Preregistered Failures to Closely Replicate Fernbach, Rogers, Fox, and Sloman’s (2013) Findings	10
What Might Books Be Teaching Young Children About Gender?	10
Incidental Attitude Formation via the Surveillance Task: A Preregistered Replication of the Olson and Fazio (2001) Study	10
Psychometric Curves Reveal Three Mechanisms of Vigilance Decrement	10
Does Posture Influence the Stroop Effect?	10
Surprisingly Happy to Have Helped: Underestimating Prosociality Creates a Misplaced Barrier to Asking for Help	10
Storage in Visual Working Memory Recruits a Content-Independent Pointer System	10
Does Choice Cause an Illusion of Control?	10
Recognition of Masked Faces in the Era of the Pandemic: No Improvement Despite Extensive Natural Exposure	10
Narcissism and Leadership in Children	10
Melting Ice With Your Mind: Representational Momentum for Physical States	10
Bedtime Music, Involuntary Musical Imagery, and Sleep	10
How Long Does It Take for a Voice to Become Familiar? Speech Intelligibility and Voice Recognition Are Differentially Sensitive to Voice Training	10
Predictive Uncertainty Underlies Auditory Boundary Perception	10
Levels of Processing Affect Perceptual Features in Visual Associative Memory	10
Moral Choice When Harming Is Unavoidable	10
Anxiety-Related Frontocortical Activity Is Associated With Dampened Stressor Reactivity in the Real World	9
The Altered Course of Learning: How Alcohol Outcome Expectancies Are Shaped by First Drinking Experiences	9
Good-Enough Production: Selecting Easier Words Instead of More Accurate Ones	9
The Social Effects of an Awesome Solar Eclipse	9
Mutual Information and Categorical Perception	9
Learning Novel Skills From Iconic Gestures: A Developmental and Evolutionary Perspective	9
Identifying Long- and Short-Term Processes in Perceptual Learning	9
Exploring the Impact of Mindfulness on False-Memory Susceptibility	9
Boosting Understanding and Identification of Scientific Consensus Can Help to Correct False Beliefs	9
Finding the Pattern: On-Line Extraction of Spatial Structure During Virtual Navigation	9
Sustained Stress Reduces the Age Advantages in Emotional Experience of Older Adults: Commentary on Carstensen et al. (2020)	9
Parent Contributions to the Development of Political Attitudes in Adoptive and Biological Families	9
Culture Moderates the Relation Between Gender Inequality and Well-Being	9
Neural Representations of Procedural Knowledge	9
Are You for Real? Perceptions of Authenticity Are Systematically Biased and Not Accurate	9
The Temporal Dynamics of Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Between Students and Teachers Predict Learning Outcomes	9
Dimensions of Perception: 3D Real-Life Objects Are More Readily Detected Than Their 2D Images	9
Psychosocial Resilience to Inflammation-Associated Depression: A Prospective Study of Breast-Cancer Survivors	9
A Self-Controlled Mind Is Reflected by Stable Mental Processing	9
Are Sex Differences in Human Brain Structure Associated With Sex Differences in Behavior?	9
Scientific-Consensus Communication About Contested Science: A Preregistered Meta-Analysis	8
Working Memory Content Is Distorted by Its Use in Perceptual Comparisons	8
Absolute Versus Relative Success: Why Overconfidence Creates an Inefficient Equilibrium	8
The Visual Mandela Effect as Evidence for Shared and Specific False Memories Across People	8
When Not Choosing Leads to Not Liking: Choice-Induced Preference in Infancy	8
Susceptibility to Being Lured Away by a Stranger: A Real-World Field Test of Selective Trust in Early Childhood	8
Experiencing a Natural Disaster Temporarily Boosts Relationship Satisfaction in Newlywed Couples	8
Greater Male Variability in Cooperation: Meta-Analytic Evidence for an Evolutionary Perspective	8
Weak and Variable Effects of Exogenous Testosterone on Cognitive Reflection Test Performance in Three Experiments: Commentary on Nave, Nadler, Zava, and Camerer (2017)	8
Undetected Neurodegenerative Disease Biases Estimates of Cognitive Change in Older Adults	8
When Are Similar Individuals a Group? Early Reasoning About Similarity and In-Group Support	8
Socially Stratified Epigenetic Profiles Are Associated With Cognitive Functioning in Children and Adolescents	8
Perceived Distance Alters Memory for Scene Boundaries	8
Harm Hypervigilance in Public Reactions to Scientific Evidence	8
Disproportionate School Punishment and Significant Life Outcomes: A Prospective Analysis of Black Youths	8
Children Show a Gender Gap in Negotiation	8
A Call for Greater Sensitivity in the Wake of a Publication Controversy	8
The Dispositional Essence of Proactive Social Preferences: The Dark Core of Personality vis-à-vis 58 Traits	8
Exact Number Concepts Are Limited to the Verbal Count Range	8
Grief Symptoms Promote Inflammation During Acute Stress Among Bereaved Spouses	8
Walking in Her Shoes: Pretending to Be a Female Role Model Increases Young Girls’ Persistence in Science	8
A Salient Sugar Tax Decreases Sugary-Drink Buying	8
Noise Increases Anchoring Effects	7
The Worst-Motive Fallacy: A Negativity Bias in Motive Attribution	7
Learning About the Self: Motives for Coherence and Positivity Constrain Learning From Self-Relevant Social Feedback	7
Nurturing the Mathematical Brain: Home Numeracy Practices Are Associated With Children’s Neural Responses to Arabic Numerals	7
The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples	7
Understanding Everyday Events: Predictive-Looking Errors Drive Memory Updating	7
Perceiving Locations of Moving Objects Across Eyeblinks	7
AI Hyperrealism: Why AI Faces Are Perceived as More Real Than Human Ones	7
Face-Information Sampling in Super-Recognizers	7
Mind-Body Practices and Self-Enhancement: Direct Replications of Gebauer et al.’s (2018) Experiments 1 and 2	7
Resting (Tonic) Blood Pressure Is Associated With Sensitivity to Imagined and Acute Experiences of Social Pain: Evidence From Three Studies	7
Can Short Psychological Interventions Affect Educational Performance? Revisiting the Effect of Self-Affirmation Interventions	7
Racial Demographics Explain the Link Between Racial Disparities in Traffic Stops and County-Level Racial Attitudes	7
Inhibitory Cognitive Control Allows Automated Advice to Improve Accuracy While Minimizing Misuse	7
Physiological Responses to a Haunted-House Threat Experience: Distinct Tonic and Phasic Effects	7
Physical Strength Partly Explains Sex Differences in Trait Anxiety in Young Americans	7
Belief in the Utility of Cross-Partisan Empathy Reduces Partisan Animosity and Facilitates Political Persuasion	7
Gender Gaps in Deceptive Self-Presentation on Social-Media Platforms Vary With Gender Equality: A Multinational Investigation	7
Most Findings Obtained With Untimed Visual Illusions Are Confounded	7
Safe and Sound: The Effects of Experimentally Priming the Sense of Attachment Security on Pure-Tone Audiometric Thresholds Among Young and Older Adults	7
Encoding Context Determines Risky Choice	7
Attention Shifts to More Complex Structures With Experience	7
Different Mechanisms for Supporting Mental Imagery and Perceptual Representations: Modulation Versus Excitation	7
Spontaneous Distractor Reactivation With Age: Evidence for Bound Target-Distractor Representations in Memory	7
Today’s Older Adults Are Cognitively Fitter Than Older Adults Were 20 Years Ago, but When and How They Decline Is No Different Than in the Past	7
Who’s the “Real” Victim? How Victim Framing Shapes Attitudes Toward Sexual Assault	6
No Fixed Limit for Storing Simple Visual Features: Realistic Objects Provide an Efficient Scaffold for Holding Features in Mind	6
Response Bias Reflects Individual Differences in Sensory Encoding	6
In Which Direction Does Happiness Predict Subsequent Social Interactions? A Commentary on Quoidbach et al. (2019)	6
Patterns of Genital Sexual Arousal in Transgender Men	6
Impaired and Spared Auditory Category Learning in Developmental Dyslexia	6
Statistical Learning Within Objects	6