OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Defence and Peace Economics is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-06-01 to 2025-06-01.)

Article	Citations
The Economic Benefits of North Warning System Modernization	30
Geopolitical risk spillovers and interconnectedness: evidence from the MENA region and key global powers	26
Drivers and Impact of European Defence Market Integration: A Literature Meta-Synthesis with Economic Focus	18
High Unemployment and the Armed Forces: The Costs and Benefits of Recruiting Military Personnel in Norway	17
Modest and balanced: the US defense budget buildup during the first Trump administration, 2017–2020	16
Natural resource dependence and war nexus: new insights	13
Strategic Interaction of Governments and Terrorist Groups in Times of Economic Hardship	12
Demand for Military Expenditures and Security Alignment Choices in the Indo-Pacific	12
Military Spending Composition and Economic Growth	11
Geopolitical Risk and Stock-Bond Interplay: A Comparative Study of Islamic and Conventional Assets in the GCC	11
The Spectrum of Strategic Autonomy in EU Defence Supply Chains	11
Should I Pay, Or Should I Quash? The Role of Governments’ Ideology in Ransom Payment	10
The Formation of Terrorist Groups: An Empirical Analysis	10
The Dynamics of the Global Arms Trade Network: States’ Stability and Instability	10
Post Service Labor Market Performance of Immigrant Veterans	10
Class Warfare: Political Exclusion of the Poor and the Roots of Social-Revolutionary Terrorism, 1860-1950	10
The Evolution Towards the Partial Strategic Autonomy of Sweden’s Essential Security Interests	9
Forecasting Costs of U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Against a Major Nuclear Strike	8
Fertile ground for conflict: evidence revisited using spatial first differences	8
Readiness Through International Cooperation: Finnish Defence Industrial Strategy in Changing Operational Environment from the Mid-1990s to the Early 2020s	8
Do Political Instability and Military Expenditure Undermine Economic Growth in Egypt? Evidence from the ARDL Approach	8
Long-term Consequences of Civil War in Tajikistan: The Gendered Impact on Education and Labor Market Outcomes	8
Corruption, ICT and Military Spending in Sub-Saharan Africa	8
The Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe	7
Market Structures, Competition and Innovation: Grounds for an Alternative Defence Industrial Policy	7

Country Survey: Canadian Military Expenditure and Defence Policy	7
Reassessing the military spending–economic growth nexus in the ‘shadows’: selected Balkan countries, 1990–2022	6
Scientometric Analysis of the Relationship between Expenditure on Defence and Economic Growth: Current Situation and Future Perspectives	6
Constraining Compliance? Reconsidering the Effect of Veto Players on Sanctions Success	6
Civil War Outcomes and Egalitarian Democracy in Post-Civil War States: A Cross-National Analysis, 1946-2018	6
Verification of Peace Accords and Military Expenditures in Post-Conflict Societies	6
Unemployment and Military Labour Supply: A Study on Belgian Data for the Period 2005-2020	6
Technological Emergence and Military Technology Innovation	5
Within Ethnic Population Inequality and within Self-Determination Movement Violence	5
Competition from Within: Ethnicity, Power, and Militant Group Rivalry	5
Military spending and the fear hypothesis	5
Conflict with Third-Party Intervention and Revenge: A Game-Theoretic Exploration	5
Extractive Politics, Redistribution, and War: On the Rationality of Kleptocratic Mismanagement	5
Concentration and Innovation in the Defence Industry: A Stochastic Game	5
The Impact of Military Expenditures on Economic Growth: A New Instrumental Variables Approach	5
Long-Run Equilibrium Between Military Expenditure and GDP with Non-Linear Structural Breaks in NATO Member States	4
The Ascent of Geopolitics: Scientometric Analysis and Ramifications of Geopolitical Risk	4
Armed Conflict and Its Repercussions on Population Growth: The Turkish Case	4
The Effect of the US Macroeconomic Indicators on the International Geopolitical Risk	4
European Defence: No Zeitenwende Yet	4
Arms Racing, Military Build-Ups and Dispute Intensity: Evidence from the Greek-Turkish Rivalry, 1985-2020	4
Cybersecurity For Defense Economists	4
The economic costs and benefits of the European Future Combat Air System	4
Has the iron fist against criminal gangs really worked in El Salvador?	4
A theoretical treatment of foreign fighters and terrorism	4
Arms Spending and War Casualties: Understanding the Strategic Trade-Offs in Warfare	4
Equilibrium in an asymmetric war of attrition with a fight option	4
Developments in Military Expenditure and the Effects of the War in Ukraine	3
Defence Partnerships and Economic Dynamics: An Analysis in PESCO Countries	3
Introducing Missile Tests Dataset	3
Economic Growth’s Catalyzing Effect on War	3
Collective Action and Intra-Group Conflict: An Experiment	3
On Terrorist Groups: An Introduction	3
Notes on Optimal Reintegration Contracts	3
International Transmission of Fiscal News Shock: Evidence from Defense Spending	3
Asymmetric Effects of Positive and Negative Commodity Price Shocks During Civil Wars	3
Does Terrorism Affect Foreign Greenfield Investments?	3
State Building and Peace Agreement Implementation	3
Tourism demand recovery following terrorism ceasefire: the case of the basque country	3
Courtship, Honeymoon, and Stabilisation? Military Expenditures of New NATO Member Countries Before and After the 1999–2020 Enlargements	3
Guns vs health: unraveling the interplay between geopolitical risk, arms race and health expenditure	3
When Military Interventions Decrease Military Power. Evidence from the French Case	3
Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Spend More and Better’	3
Insecurity and Ambition: Dual Drivers of Chinese Innovation?	2
Sanctions, Co-Sanctions, and Counter-Sanctions: A Multilateral, Evolutionary Game Among Three Global Powers	2
Indirect Rivalries and Civil Wars: Empirical Evidence	2
Does Increase in Defence Spending Lead to More Risk of Sovereign Debt Defaults?	2
Does military spending really support economic growth in small island countries? a comparative study of five small island countries	2
The Role of Reserves in Mitigating Sanctions’ Impact on Economic Growth	2
The impact of US elections on US defense industry: firm-level evidence from 1996 to 2022	2

Organisational Complexity of the Eurofighter Typhoon Collaborative Supply Chain	2
Cross-Check on Combat Aircraft Data	2
‘Explaining the persistence of defense offsets in a supply-driven arms trade’	2
Public Opinion in Conflict Situations: A Sentiment Analysis of Tweets About Russia During the War on Ukraine	2
Building a Defence Manpower Planning Tool Using Survival Analysis Models	2
Determinants of External, Domestic, and Total Public Debt in Nigeria: The Role of Conflict, Arms Imports, and Military Expenditure	2
Terrorism and Immigration Policy Preferences	2
Does Comprehensive Geopolitical Risk Deter FDI Outflows: Evidence from China	2
Canada and the NORAD: Economics and Burden Sharing	2
Democracy and Militarization in Developing Countries: A Panel Vector Autoregressive Analysis	2
Offset Multipliers and Defence Industrial Policy Efficiency	2
How Does the Russian-Ukrainian War Rock Stock and Commodity Markets? Fresh Insights from Joint Network-Connectedness Analysis	2
Sharing the Burden of Hybrid Threats: Lessons from the Economics of Alliances	1
Measuring Productivity of the Spanish Defence Industry	1
The Effects of Rising Terrorism on a Small Capital Market: Evidence from Tunisia	1
Unpacking the Impact of External Support on Rebel Groups: Does it Fuel or Quell Violence Against Civilians?	1
The Effects of International Sanctions on Iran’s military spending: A Synthetic Control Analysis	1
Conflict Trajectories and Education: Gender-Disaggregated Evidence from India	1
Democracy, military expenditure and economic growth: A heterogeneous perspective	1
An Analysis of Terrorist Group Formation, 1860—1969	1
The Political Economy of Wargaming	1
A Note on Estimating the Relative Costs of Unmanned Aerial Systems	1
On What Topics Does the Scientific Community Cooperate in Defense Economics? A Science Mapping of the First 30 Years of the Journal Defence and Peace Economics	1
The Economic Cost of A Nuclear Weapon: A Synthetic Control Approach	1
21^st Century Evidence on the Effect of Terror Attacks on Eurozone Stock Markets	1
An Unchained Dog of War: An Examination of the Lack of Constraint on Presidential Uses of Force in the Modern Era	1
Assessing the Impact of Military and Civilian R&D on Performance	1
The Role of Stakeholders in Managing Government Research and Development Funding for Defence Industrial Innovation: The Case of Malaysia	1
Augustine Investments and Weapons Systems	1
Food and peace? Exploring the link between conflict and food insecurity in Africa	1
Interactional Impact of Defence Expenditure and Political Instability on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Revisited	1
Costs and Prices of UK Military Aircraft in War and Peace	1
Redefining the Nexus of Military Spending Among Southeast Mediterranean Countries in the Presence of Nonlinearities	1
NATO’s Approach to Multi-Domain Operations: From the Perspective of the Economics of Alliances	1
Military Technology, Defense Spending and Modernization of the Armed Forces: The Case of Spain, 1891-1935	1
The Military Rise of China: The Real Defence Budget Over Two Decades	1
Disinformation Strategies	1
European Defence Industries’ Sales Performance: A Benefit-Of-The-Doubt Based Comparative Analysis	1
Effects of Geopolitical Risks on Gold Market Return Dynamics: Evidence from a Nonparametric Causality-in-quantiles Approach	1
Singapore’s ’Total Defence’ Strategy	1
NATO’s Two Percent Guideline: A Demand for Military Expenditure Perspective	1
Should we sell arms to human rights violators? What the public thinks	1
Geopolitical risk and the volatility of GCC stock markets around the war on the Gaza Strip	1
You Work for Us Now: Concentration in University-Performed Defense R&D	1