Epidemiology

Article	Citations
The Authors Respond	104
Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Two Cohorts of Pregnant Women With HIV in Zambia	85
Erratum: Far from MCAR: Obtaining Population-level Estimates of HIV Viral Suppression	62
Explaining the Variance in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Comparison of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Genetic Predictors: Erratum	54
Mendelian Randomization With Repeated Measures of a Time-varying Exposure	41
Re. A Multipollutant Approach to Estimating Causal Effects of Air Pollution Mixtures on Overall Mortality in a Large, Prospective Cohort	38
When Does Differential Outcome Misclassification Matter for Estimating Prevalence?	38
Negative Control Exposures: Causal Effect Identifiability and Use in Probabilistic-bias and Bayesian Analyses With Unmeasured Confounders	36
Reporting and Description of Research Methodology in Studies Estimating Effects of Firearm Policies	34
Prediction Under Interventions: Evaluation of Counterfactual Performance Using Longitudinal Observational Data	32
Newborn Dried Blood Spot Folate in Relation to Maternal Self-reported Folic Acid Intake, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Developmental Delay	32
Estimating the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiovascular Events Using Observational Data?	31
Preventable Fraction in the Context of Disease Progression	31
Understanding Etiologic Pathways Through Multiple Sequential Mediators: An Application in Perinatal Epidemiology	31
Advances in Difference-in-differences Methods for Policy Evaluation Research	30
The Authors Respond	30
A Generalization of the Mechanism-based Approach for Age–Period–Cohort Models	29
Visual Acuity and the Risk of Cycling Injuries	29
Doubly Marginalized: The Interplay of Racism and Disability in Outcomes for Minoritized People With Down Syndrome	29
Erratum: Marginal Sufficient Component Cause Model: An Emerging Causal Model With Merits?	28
Mobile Source Benzene Regulations and Risk of Childhood and Young Adult Hematologic Cancers in Alaska: A Quasi-experimental Study	28
Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Among African-born Black Women in California, 2011–2020	25
Comparing PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Strategies Following Myocardial Infarction Using Negative Control Outcomes: A Target Trial Emulation Study	25
Are Detailed Behavioral, Psychosocial, and Environmental Variables Necessary to Control for Confounding in Pregnancy Weight Gain Research?	23
Evaluating Binary Outcome Classifiers Estimated from Survey Data	23

Does Adjusting for Causal Intermediate Confounders Resolve the Perinatal Crossover Paradox?	23
Validation of ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes for Gestational Age at Birth	21
Kara E. Rudolph, Winner of 2023 Rothman Epidemiology Prize	20
Low-level PM2.5 Exposure, Cardiovascular and Nonaccidental Mortality, and Related Health Disparities in 12 US States	20
Erratum: Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects	20
Re: Comparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness	19
Identification of Vaccine Effects When Exposure Status Is Unknown	19
The Author Responds	19
Adjusting Incidence Estimates with Laboratory Test Performances: A Pragmatic Maximum Likelihood Estimation-Based Approach	19
Associations of Prenatal First Trimester Essential and Nonessential Metal Mixtures with Body Size and Adiposity in Childhood.	19
Quantifying the Health Burden of COVID-19 Using Individual Estimates of Years of Life Lost Based on Population-wide Administrative Level Data	18
Geospatial Data Aggregation Methods for Novel Geographies: Validating Congressional District Life Expectancy Estimates	18
e-Cigarette Use and Combustible Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Youth: Accounting for Time-Varying Exposure and Time-Dependent Confounding	18
Thunderstorms, Pollen, and Severe Asthma in a Midwestern, USA, Urban Environment, 2007–2018	18
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatments and Risk of Alzheimer Disease: A Case–Control Study Nested in the Finnish Population	18
Opioid-related Mortality in United States Death Certificate Data: A Quantitative Bias Analysis With Expert Elicitation of Bias Parameters	17
Short-term Air Pollution Levels and Blood Pressure in Older Women	17
Visualizing the (Causal) Effect of a Continuous Variable on a Time-To-Event Outcome	17
Scarring In Utero: An Attempt to Validate With Data Unconfounded by Migration and Medical Care	16
A Potential Outcomes Approach to Selection Bias	16
Evaluating Potential Impacts of a Preferential Vaccine Recommendation for Adults 65 Years of Age and Older on US Influenza Burden	16
Meconium Concentrations of Pesticides and Risk of Hypospadias: A Case–Control Study in Brittany, France	16
Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression for Social Epidemiologic Research	16
Alcohol Policy in Adolescence and Subsequent Alcohol-attributable Hospitalizations and Mortality at Ages 21−54 Years: A Register-based Cohort Study	15
Characterization of Additive Gene–environment Interactions For Colorectal Cancer Risk	15
A Counterfactual Analysis of Impact of Cesarean Birth in a First Birth on Severe Maternal Morbidity in the Subsequent Birth	15
Plant-Capture Methods for Estimating Homeless Population Size From Uncertain Plant Captures	15
Are Target Trial Emulations the Gold Standard for Observational Studies?	15
Smoking Inequality Trends by Disability and Income in Australia, 2001 to 2020	15
Environmental Exposures and Anti-Müllerian Hormone: A Mixture Analysis in the Nurses’ Health Study II	15
Massachusetts Prevalence of Opioid Use Disorder Estimation Revisited: Comparing a Bayesian Approach to Standard Capture–Recapture Methods	14
The Joint Effects of Depression and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders on Suicide Deaths	14
Could Smoking Initiation Among Youth by E-cigarettes Warrant a Shorter Definition for Epidemiology?	14
The Role of Childhood Asthma in Obesity Development	14
Thanks to Our Reviewers	14
The Importance of Making Assumptions in Bias Analysis	14
Response to Mindel C. Sheps: Counted, Dead or Alive	13
Ambient Air Quality and Fatal Asthma Exacerbations among Children in North Carolina	13
Rejoinder: Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide	13
US Racial–Ethnic Mortality Gap Adjusted for Population Structure	13
Twenty-four-Year Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Nephrotic Syndrome: A Population-Based Cohort Study	13
Right Censoring and Mortality in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women’s Interagency HIV Study	12
A Quantitative Bias Analysis Approach to Informative Presence Bias in Electronic Health Records	12
Simulating the Simultaneous Impact of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Naloxone on Opioid Overdose Death in Eight New York Counties	12
Ethylene Oxide Hemoglobin Adducts in Cord Blood and Offspring’s Size at Birth: The NewGeneris European Cohort Study	12
Neighborhood Walkability and Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of Women	11
Profile Matching for the Generalization and Personalization of Causal Inferences	11
Placebo Adherence as a Negative Control Exposure	11
Inflammation and Conception in a Prospective Time-to-Pregnancy Cohort	11
Rejoinder to “The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Is Not Increasing in the United States: A Critique of Hale et al. (2020)”	11

State-Level Masking Mandates and COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States	11
Critical Time Windows for Air Pollution Exposure and Birth Weight in a Multicity Canadian Pregnancy Cohort	11
Antigen-based Rapid Diagnostic Testing or Alternatives for Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19	11
Identifying Optimal Methods for Addressing Confounding Bias When Estimating the Effects of State-level Policies	11
First Episodes of Norovirus and Sapovirus Gastroenteritis Protect Against Subsequent Episodes in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort	11
Exact Mediation Analysis for Ordinal Outcome and Binary Mediator	10
Causal Selection of Covariates in Regression Calibration for Mismeasured Continuous Exposure	10
Interpreting Violations of Falsification Tests in the Context of Multiple Proposed Instrumental Variables	10
Mindel C. Sheps: Counted, Dead or Alive	10
Community-Level Risk Factors for Firearm Assault and Homicide: The Role of Local Firearm Dealers and Alcohol Outlets	10
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Appendicitis in the Offspring	10
The Authors Respond	9
Transient Effects in Studies on Preterm Birth Risk	9
Bias-interpretability Trade-offs in Vaccine Effectiveness Studies Using Test-negative or Cohort Designs	9
A Cluster-based Method to Quantify Individual Heterogeneity in Tuberculosis Transmission	9
Emulating a Target Trial of Interventions Initiated During Pregnancy with Healthcare Databases: The Example of COVID-19 Vaccination	9
Joint Associations of Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants with Hospital Admission of Ischemic Stroke	9
Incidental Infections and the Probability of Necessity	9
Marginal Versus Conditional Odds Ratios When Updating Risk Prediction Models	9
Informative Presence in Electronic Health Record Data: A Challenge in Implementing Study Exclusion Criteria	9
A Dynamic Spatial Factor Model to Describe the Opioid Syndemic in Ohio	9
Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Israel	8
Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Position During Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gastroschisis	8
Propensity Scores in Health Disparities Research: The Example of Cognitive Aging and the Hispanic Paradox	8
Balancing Empirical Trade-offs When Evaluating US Gun Policy	8
Health Predictors of Neighborhood Selection: A Prospective Cohort Study of Residential Mobility in Ontario, Canada	8
Beyond Vaccination Rates: A Synthetic Random Proxy Metric of Total SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Seroprevalence in the Community	8
Errors in the Calculation of the Population Attributable Fraction	8
Assessing Direct and Spillover Effects of Intervention Packages in Network-randomized Studies	8
Application of a Web-based Tool for Quantitative Bias Analysis: The Example of Misclassification Due to Self-reported Body Mass Index	8
Universal Difference-in-Differences for Causal Inference in Epidemiology	8
It May Not All Be Overdiagnosis: The Potential Role of Environmental Exposures in the Thyroid Cancer Incidence Increase	8
Mechanistic Correlates of Protection for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines	8
Using the Generalized Synthetic Control Method to Estimate the Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Population Health	8
Changes in Opioid and Benzodiazepine Poisoning Deaths After Cannabis Legalization in the US: A County-level Analysis, 2002–2020	8
High Summer Temperatures and Heat Stroke Mortality in Spain	8
Ambient Air Pollution Exposures and Child Executive Function: A US Multicohort Study	8
Revisiting the Population Attributable Fraction	8
Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Reproductive Endocrine and Glucose Homeostasis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women of Reproductive Age	7
Interactive Effects of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollutants on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severity: A Northern Italian Population-based Cohort Study	7
Higher Moments for Optimal Balance Weighting in Causal Estimation	7
Evaluating Metformin Strategies for Cancer Prevention: A Target Trial Emulation Using Electronic Health Records	7
Start with the Target Trial Protocol, Then Follow the Roadmap for Causal Inference	7
Complexity in Epidemiology and Public Health. Addressing Complex Health Problems Through a Mix of Epidemiologic Methods and Data	7
Neighborhood Deprivation and Neural Tube Defects	7
Identifying Sensitive Windows of Exposure to NO2 and Fetal Growth Trajectories in a Spanish Birth Cohort	7
Constructed Measures and Causal Inference	7
The Case Time Series Design	7
Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Attributable Risk of Kidney Diseases	7
Improving Inverse Probability Weighting by Post-calibrating Its Propensity Scores	7
Validation of ICD-10 Codes for Severe Maternal Morbidity at Delivery in a Public Hospital	7
Socioeconomic Status, Smoking, and Lung Cancer: Mediation and Bias Analysis in the SYNERGY Study	7
Distinguishing Immunologic and Behavioral Effects of Vaccination	6
Selection of Comparator Group in Observational Drug Safety Studies: Alternatives to the Active Comparator New User Design	6
Anti-Asian Racism and COVID-19	6
Estimands and Estimation of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Under the Test-Negative Design	6
Effects of Recall and Selection Biases on Modeling Cancer Risk From Mobile Phone Use: Results From a Case–Control Simulation Study	6
Erratum: Methodological challenges in Mendelian randomization	6
Advancing Reproducible Research Through Version Control Technology	6
Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential	6
Heat-attributable Mortality in the Summer of 2022 in Spain	6
Generalizing and Transporting Causal Inferences from Randomized Trials in the Presence of Trial Engagement Effects	6
Incorporating Efficacy Data from Initial Trials Into Subsequent Evaluations: Application to Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus	6
PROVIDENT: Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Neighborhood-level Overdose Risk in Rhode Island	6
Pregnancy Exposure to Phenols and Anthropometric Measures in Gestation and at Birth	6
A New Criterion for Determining a Cutoff Value Based on the Biases of Incidence Proportions in the Presence of Non-differential Outcome Misclassifications	6
Primary Care Physicians’ Perceptions of the Effects of Being Overweight on All-cause Mortality	6
Accounting for the Potential of Overdispersion in Estimation of the Time-varying Reproduction Number	6
On the Conventional Definition of Path-specific Effects: Fully Mediated Interaction With Multiple Ordered Mediators	6
Development and Validation of Algorithms to Estimate Live Birth Gestational Age in Medicaid Analytic eXtract Data	6
Marco Piccininni, Winner of the 2024 Rothman Prize	6
Causal Mediation Analysis with Multiple Time-varying Mediators	5
The Impact of Job Loss on Self-injury Mortality in a Cohort of Autoworkers	5
Sexual Mixing by HIV Status and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Addressing Information Bias	5
The Prevalent New-user Design for Studies With no Active Comparator: The Example of Statins and Cancer	5
Cold-related Mortality in US State and Private Prisons: A Case–Crossover Analysis	5
A Quantitative Intersectionality Analysis of HIV/STI Prevention and Healthcare Access Among Transgender and Nonbinary People	5
“Spatial Variability and Clustering of Life Expectancy in the US: 1990-2019”	5
The Association Between Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure and Anemia in HIV/AIDS Patients	5
Adjusting Adjustments: Using External Data to Estimate the Impact of Different Confounder Sets on Published Associations	5

Improving Biomarker-based HIV Incidence Estimation in the Treatment Era	5
Identifiability and Estimation Under the Test-negative Design With Population Controls With the Goal of Identifying Risk and Preventive Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection	5
Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Third Generation	5
Have Paved Trails and Protected Bike Lanes Led to More Bicycling in Atlanta?: A Generalized Synthetic-Control Analysis	5
Investigating the Potential Short-term Adverse Effects of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Novel Regression Discontinuity Analysis	5
Incretin-Based Drugs and the Incidence of Prostate Cancer Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes	5
The Impact of Power Outages on Cardiovascular Hospitalizations Among Medicare Fee-for-service Enrollees in New York State, 2017–2018	5
Advanced Approaches to Generating High-validity Real-world Evidence in Asthma	5
Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Central North Carolina: Accounting for Outcome Misclassification in Complex Sample Designs	5
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Mortality and Hospitalization Among People With Opioid Use-related Infections	5
Validation of Self-reported Opioid Agonist Treatment Among People Who Inject Drugs Using Prescription Dispensation Records	5
The Authors Respond	5
Association Between Medical Diagnoses and Suicide in a Medicaid Beneficiary Population, North Carolina 2014–2017	5
The Authors Respond	4
Back to Basics: What Descriptive Epidemiology Can Teach Us About the Recent Rise in Firearm Homicide	4
Incorporating Data from Multiple Endpoints in the Analysis of Clinical Trials: Example from RSV Vaccines	4
When Effects Cannot be Estimated: Redefining Estimands to Understand the Effects of Naloxone Access Laws	4
Long-term Economic Distress and Growing Educational Inequity in Life Expectancy	4
Re: Don’t Let Your Analysis Go to Seed: On the Impact of Random Seed on Machine Learning-based Causal Inference	4
Using Balancing Weights to Target the Treatment Effect on the Treated when Overlap is Poor	4
Influenza Activity and Preterm Birth in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Analysis from 2010 to 2017	4
The Case–Crossover Design Under Changing Baseline Outcome Risk: A Simulation of Ambient Temperature and Preterm Birth	4
Association of Early-life Trauma With Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	4
Impact of Activity Participation on the Risk of Mortality and Hospitalizations in Danish Men and Women: Insights from REGLINK-SHAREDK	4
Causal Effect of Chronic Pain on Mortality Through Opioid Prescriptions: Application of the Front-Door Formula	4
Homogeneity in the Instrument-exposure Association and Point Estimation Using Binary Instrumental Variables	4
Visualizing External Validity: Graphical Displays to Inform the Extension of Treatment Effects from Trials to Clinical Practice	4
Gestational Hypertensive Disorders and Maternal Breast Cancer Risk in a Nationwide Cohort of 40,720 Parous Women	4
Accounting for Misclassification and Selection Bias in Estimating Effectiveness of Self-managed Medication Abortion	4
Union Burying Ground	4
Re. E-values for Mendelian Randomization	4
Monitoring Drug Safety in Pregnancy with Scan Statistics: A Comparison of Two Study Designs	3
Increased Residential Clustering of COVID-19 Cases Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7	3
The Era of Progress on Gun Mortality: State Gun Regulations and Gun Deaths from 1991 to 2016	3
The Promise of Intersectional Critique for Epidemiology	3
Erratum: Natural effects with a recanting witness: non-identifiability or meaningless estimand?	3
Combining Urinary Biomarker Data From Studies With Different Measures of Urinary Dilution	3
Self-reported Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Quantitative Bias Analysis	3
Outcome of Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Preterm Birth	3
Interpretations of Studies on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Post-acute COVID-19 Sequelae	3
Differential Participation, a Potential Cause of Spurious Associations in Observational Cohorts in Environmental Epidemiology	3
Crosswalks to Convert US Census Bureau Industry and Occupation Codes, 1980–2018	3
Maternal Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: An Interrupted Time-series Analysis	3
Re. Emulating a Target Trial of Interventions Initiated During Pregnancy With Healthcare Databases: The Example of COVID-19 Vaccination	3
Understanding Variation in Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates in the United States: The Role of Rotavirus Activity and Diagnostic Misclassification	3
The Role of Epidemiology in Addressing Ableism	3
In utero Exposure to Maternal Diabetes and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-based Cohort Study	3
Accounting for Twins and Other Multiple Births in Perinatal Studies of Live Births Conducted Using Healthcare Administration Data	3
The Role of Cooling Centers in Protecting Vulnerable Individuals from Extreme Heat	3
Transportability Without Positivity: A Synthesis of Statistical and Simulation Modeling	3
Validation of Long-term Recall of Pregnancy-related Weight in the Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy Study	3
The Population-level Effect of Adjuvant Therapies on Breast Cancer Recurrence: Application of the Trend-in-Trend Design	3
Comparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness	3
Health Outcomes Associated With Clinician-initiated Delivery for Hypertensive Disorders at 34–38 Weeks’ Gestation	3
BARS: An empirical Bayes method for summarizing pregnancy history to predict later health outcomes	3
Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality A Longitudinal Cohort Study of 400,459 Adults	3
Commentary: The Seedy Side of Causal Effect Estimation with Machine Learning	3
What Can Genetic Relatedness Tell Us About Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Transmission?	3
The Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates Among Large US Cities	3
A New Tool for Reporting Mediation Analyses	3
Five Facts About Influence Functions	3
Examining the Interactive Associations of Cannabis and Alcohol Outlets With Self-harm Injuries in California: A Spatiotemporal Analysis	3
A Flexible Statistical Framework for Estimating Excess Mortality	3
Long-term Traffic-related Air Pollutant Exposure and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis in Denmark: A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis	3
Mixture Models for Social Epidemiology: Opportunities and Cautions	3
Associations of Local Cannabis Control Policies With Harmful Cannabis Exposures Reported to the California Poison Control System	3
Migration and Health: Chasing Causality in a Complex World	3
SARS-CoV-2: An Empirical Investigation of Rose’s Population-based Logic	3
Decomposing the Black–White Racial Disparity in Severe Maternal Morbidity Risk: The Role of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	3
Risk Factors and Inequities in Transportation Injury and Mortality in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHECs)	3
Complications in Using Real-World Data to Study the Health of People Who Use Drugs	2
Erratum: Average Causal Effect Estimation via Instrumental Variables: The No Simultaneous Heterogeneity Assumption	2
Filling in the Spaces in Cardiovascular Epidemiology	2
Approaches to Estimating Clearance Rates for Human Papillomavirus Groupings: A Systematic Review and Real Data Examples	2
An Overview of Current Methods for Real-world Applications to Generalize or Transport Clinical Trial Findings to Target Populations of Interest	2
Multilevel Resilience and Appointment Attendance Among African American/Black Adults with HIV: A Prospective Multisite Cohort Study	2
Improving the Quality of Observational Data: Registries of Validated Outcomes and Other Patient Events	2
The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Is Not Increasing in the United States: A Critique of Hale et al. (2020)	2
Misclassification Bias in the Assessment of Gene-by-Environment Interactions	2
Body Shapes of Multiple Anthropometric Traits and All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality in the UK Biobank	2
The Role of Staff in Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Long-term Care Facilities	2
Urinary Biomarkers of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Timing of Pubertal Development: The California PAH Study	2
Erratum: “The Effect of Mobile Stroke Unit Care on Functional Outcomes: An Application of the Front-door Formula”	2
Re: Are Target Trial Emulations the Gold Standard for Observational Studies?	2
Detecting Heterogeneity of Intervention Effects Using Analysis and Meta-analysis of Differences in Variance Between Trial Arms	2
The Authors Respond	2
Leveraging External Validation Data: The Challenges of Transporting Measurement Error Parameters	2
The Authors Respond	2
Residential Greenness and Long-term Mortality Among Patients Who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery	2
Handgun Divestment and Risk of Suicide	2
The Authors Respond	2
Joint Models for Estimating Determinants of Cognitive Decline in the Presence of Survival Bias	2
A Cluster-based Method to Quantify Individual Heterogeneity in Tuberculosis Transmission	2
Estimating Associations Between Annual Concentrations of Particulate Matter and Mortality in the United States, Using Data Linkage and Bayesian Maximum Entropy	2
Method for Testing Etiologic Heterogeneity Among Noncompeting Diagnoses, Applied to Impact of Perinatal Exposures on Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	2