Entropy

Article	Citations
Explainable AI: A Review of Machine Learning Interpretability Methods	999
Deep Learning for Stock Market Prediction	189
High-Entropy Alloys for Advanced Nuclear Applications	142
An Efficient DenseNet-Based Deep Learning Model for Malware Detection	127
Automatic ECG Classification Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network	120
Robust Spike-Based Continual Meta-Learning Improved by Restricted Minimum Error Entropy Criterion	113
Classification of Covid-19 Coronavirus, Pneumonia and Healthy Lungs in CT Scans Using Q-Deformed Entropy and Deep Learning Features	109
Entropy Analysis on the Blood Flow through Anisotropically Tapered Arteries Filled with Magnetic Zinc-Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles	108
A New Algorithm for Digital Image Encryption Based on Chaos Theory	95
Automatic Recognition of Human Interaction via Hybrid Descriptors and Maximum Entropy Markov Model Using Depth Sensors	91
Why the Mittag-Leffler Function Can Be Considered the Queen Function of the Fractional Calculus?	82
Silhouette Analysis for Performance Evaluation in Machine Learning with Applications to Clustering	78
Wearable Inertial Sensors for Daily Activity Analysis Based on Adam Optimization and the Maximum Entropy Markov Model	77
Dark Energy with Phantom Crossing and the H0 Tension	76
Complexity Analysis of Surface Electromyography for Assessing the Myoelectric Manifestation of Muscle Fatigue: A Review	74
Entropy and the Brain: An Overview	71
An Elementary Introduction to Information Geometry	69
A Variational Bayesian Deep Network with Data Self-Screening Layer for Massive Time-Series Data Forecasting	69
Boosting COVID-19 Image Classification Using MobileNetV3 and Aquila Optimizer Algorithm	67
How It All Began	64
Nonlinear Neutral Delay Differential Equations of Fourth-Order: Oscillation of Solutions	64
Complexity in Economic and Social Systems: Cryptocurrency Market at around COVID-19	63
Deep Learning Methods for Heart Sounds Classification: A Systematic Review	63
Information Entropy in Chemistry: An Overview	63
An Insider Data Leakage Detection Using One-Hot Encoding, Synthetic Minority Oversampling and Machine Learning Techniques	62

Sentiment Analysis of Persian Movie Reviews Using Deep Learning	59
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on VMD-MPE and PSO-SVM	59
Secure Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Hyperchaos and Dynamic DNA Coding	56
Federated Quantum Machine Learning	56
Salient Object Detection Techniques in Computer Vision—A Survey	56
Geometric Optimisation of Quantum Thermodynamic Processes	55
Optimal Control of Time-Delay Fractional Equations via a Joint Application of Radial Basis Functions and Collocation Method	55
A Systematic Review of Statistical and Machine Learning Methods for Electrical Power Forecasting with Reported MAPE Score	55
An Improved Encoder-Decoder Network Based on Strip Pool Method Applied to Segmentation of Farmland Vacancy Field	54
Performance Evaluation of Construction Companies Using Integrated Entropy–Fuzzy VIKOR Model	54
An Improved Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm with Adaptation Mechanism to Solve Numerical and Mechanical Engineering Problems	54
Nonlinear Measures to Evaluate Upright Postural Stability: A Systematic Review	54
Four-Objective Optimizations for an Improved Irreversible Closed Modified Simple Brayton Cycle	53
Survey on Self-Supervised Learning: Auxiliary Pretext Tasks and Contrastive Learning Methods in Imaging	53
Software Requirements Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms	53
An Appraisal of Incremental Learning Methods	51
Knowledge Discovery for Higher Education Student Retention Based on Data Mining: Machine Learning Algorithms and Case Study in Chile	51
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Brain Tumour Classification	51
Is the Free-Energy Principle a Formal Theory of Semantics? From Variational Density Dynamics to Neural and Phenotypic Representations	50
Stock Market Volatility and Return Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review	50
ECG Signal Classification Using Deep Learning Techniques Based on the PTB-XL Dataset	50
Automatic Detection of Depression in Speech Using Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks	49
Discrete Transforms and Matrix Rotation Based Cancelable Face and Fingerprint Recognition for Biometric Security Applications	49
A Chaotic-Based Encryption/Decryption Framework for Secure Multimedia Communications	48
Application of Euler Neural Networks with Soft Computing Paradigm to Solve Nonlinear Problems Arising in Heat Transfer	48
Four-Objective Optimization of Irreversible Atkinson Cycle Based on NSGA-II	48
The Entropy Universe	46
Applications of Distributed-Order Fractional Operators: A Review	46
Efficient Multi-Object Detection and Smart Navigation Using Artificial Intelligence for Visually Impaired People	45
A New Adaptive Synergetic Control Design for Single Link Robot Arm Actuated by Pneumatic Muscles	43
A Novel Hybrid Gradient-Based Optimizer and Grey Wolf Optimizer Feature Selection Method for Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors	43
Training Multilayer Perceptron with Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization for Modeling Stock Price Index Prediction	43
A Dynamic DNA Color Image Encryption Method Based on SHA-512	43
Machine Learning Based Automated Segmentation and Hybrid Feature Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Using Fundus Image	42
Novel Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Contextual Recognition of Arabic Handwritten Scripts	41
A Generative Adversarial Network for Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Semantic Segmentation	40
Frictional Wear and Corrosion Behavior of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Synthesized by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying	40
A Lightweight YOLOv4-Based Forestry Pest Detection Method Using Coordinate Attention and Feature Fusion	40
Thermodynamics in Ecology—An Introductory Review	40
Scikit-Dimension: A Python Package for Intrinsic Dimension Estimation	40
Molecular Mean-Field Theory of Ionic Solutions: A Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Bikerman Model	40
Performance Optimization of a Condenser in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) System Based on Constructal Theory and a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm	40
Separated Channel Attention Convolutional Neural Network (SC-CNN-Attention) to Identify ADHD in Multi-Site Rs-fMRI Dataset	39
Discrete Memristor and Discrete Memristive Systems	39
Future Perspectives of Finite-Time Thermodynamics	39
A Crop Image Segmentation and Extraction Algorithm Based on Mask RCNN	38
A Labeling Method for Financial Time Series Prediction Based on Trends	38
Double Feature Extraction Method of Ship-Radiated Noise Signal Based on Slope Entropy and Permutation Entropy	38
A Dual Measure of Uncertainty: The Deng Extropy	38
Deep Spatio-Temporal Graph Network with Self-Optimization for Air Quality Prediction	37

Generalised Geometric Brownian Motion: Theory and Applications to Option Pricing	37
Unifying Large- and Small-Scale Theories of Coordination	37
Hyperledger Fabric Access Control System for Internet of Things Layer in Blockchain-Based Applications	37
A Review of Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for High-Speed Trains: Qualitative Approaches	37
Techno-Economic Optimization of CSP Plants with Free-Falling Particle Receivers	37
A Fault Diagnosis Method Considering Meteorological Factors for Transmission Networks Based on P Systems	37
Using Convolutional Neural Network and a Single Heartbeat for ECG Biometric Recognition	37
Hyper-Chaotic Color Image Encryption Based on Transformed Zigzag Diffusion and RNA Operation	36
An Electric Fish-Based Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Feature Selection	36
Spatial Correlation Network and Regional Differences for the Development of Digital Economy in China	36
Distributed Deep Fusion Predictor for a Multi-Sensor System Based on Causality Entropy	36
Selection of the Optimal Number of Topics for LDA Topic Model—Taking Patent Policy Analysis as an Example	36
A Comparative Study of Common Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Continuous Function Optimization	35
The World as a Neural Network	35
Amazon Employees Resources Access Data Extraction via Clonal Selection Algorithm and Logic Mining Approach	35
Application of Biological Domain Knowledge Based Feature Selection on Gene Expression Data	35
A Survey of Information Entropy Metrics for Complex Networks	35
A New Parametric Life Distribution with Modified Bagdonavičius–Nikulin Goodness-of-Fit Test for Censored Validation, Properties, Applications, and Different Estimation Methods	35
Robust Aggregation Operators for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypersoft Set with Their Application to Solve MCDM Problem	35
Measuring Uncertainty in the Negation Evidence for Multi-Source Information Fusion	35
Randomness, Informational Entropy, and Volatility Interdependencies among the Major World Markets: The Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic	35
Stochastic Chaos and Markov Blankets	35
Competency in Navigating Arbitrary Spaces as an Invariant for Analyzing Cognition in Diverse Embodiments	35
An Analytical Technique, Based on Natural Transform to Solve Fractional-Order Parabolic Equations	35
Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries	34
Patient No-Show Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review	34
Probabilistic Shaping for Finite Blocklengths: Distribution Matching and Sphere Shaping	34
Some New Hermite–Hadamard and Related Inequalities for Convex Functions via (p,q)-Integral	34
Normalized Multivariate Time Series Causality Analysis and Causal Graph Reconstruction	34
Improved YOLO Based Detection Algorithm for Floating Debris in Waterway	34
Fault Diagnosis for Rotating Machinery Using Multiscale Permutation Entropy and Convolutional Neural Networks	34
A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Method Based on U-Net for Retinal Vessel Segmentation	33
A Deep Learning Approach for Segmentation of Red Blood Cell Images and Malaria Detection	33
A Caputo–Fabrizio Fractional-Order Model of HIV/AIDS with a Treatment Compartment: Sensitivity Analysis and Optimal Control Strategies	33
Hybrid Adaptive Lossless Image Compression Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform	32
Homogeneous Adaboost Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms with Reduced Entropy on Balanced Data	32
A Technical Critique of Some Parts of the Free Energy Principle	32
Probability Representation of Quantum States	32
Hybrid Algorithm Based on Ant Colony Optimization and Simulated Annealing Applied to the Dynamic Traveling Salesman Problem	32
Development of Automated Sleep Stage Classification System Using Multivariate Projection-Based Fixed Boundary Empirical Wavelet Transform and Entropy Features Extracted from Multichannel EEG Signals	32
Modules or Mean-Fields?	32
Breakpoint Analysis for the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effect on the Stock Markets	31
Enhanced Slime Mould Algorithm for Multilevel Thresholding Image Segmentation Using Entropy Measures	31
A New Discrete Analog of the Continuous Lindley Distribution, with Reliability Applications	31
Evolving Dynamic S-Boxes Using Fractional-Order Hopfield Neural Network Based Scheme	31
Evolution of Cooperation in the Presence of Higher-Order Interactions: From Networks to Hypergraphs	31
Multiscale Entropy Approaches and Their Applications	31
The Conditional Entropy Bottleneck	31
The Problem of Fairness in Synthetic Healthcare Data	30
Reference Evapotranspiration Modeling Using New Heuristic Methods	30
Optimized Piston Motion for an Alpha-Type Stirling Engine	30
A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach Based on ANP-Entropy TOPSIS for Building Materials Supplier Selection	30
Investigation of Cyber-Security and Cyber-Crimes in Oil and Gas Sectors Using the Innovative Structures of Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Relations	30
Anaerobic Digestion for Producing Renewable Energy—The Evolution of This Technology in a New Uncertain Scenario	30
Information Search and Financial Markets under COVID-19	30
Ensemble Learning Using Fuzzy Weights to Improve Learning Style Identification for Adapted Instructional Routines	29
A Short Review on Minimum Description Length: An Application to Dimension Reduction in PCA	29
Straggler-Aware Distributed Learning: Communication–Computation Latency Trade-Off	29
Fractional Deng Entropy and Extropy and Some Applications	29
An Overview of Variational Autoencoders for Source Separation, Finance, and Bio-Signal Applications	29
On-Road Detection of Driver Fatigue and Drowsiness during Medium-Distance Journeys	29
Quantum Machine Learning: A Review and Case Studies	29
A Discretization Approach for the Nonlinear Fractional Logistic Equation	29
Evaluation of Feature Extraction and Classification for Lower Limb Motion Based on sEMG Signal	29
Entropy Generation and Mixed Convection Flow Inside a Wavy-Walled Enclosure Containing a Rotating Solid Cylinder and a Heat Source	29
Nowcasting Avalanches as Earthquakes and the Predictability of Strong Avalanches in the Olami-Feder-Christensen Model	28
Deep Task-Based Quantization	28
Kernel-Based Approximation of the Koopman Generator and Schrödinger Operator	28
Mechanism Integrated Information	28
Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS as a Method for Assessing Socioeconomic Phenomena on the Basis of Survey Data	28
Cryptocurrency Market Consolidation in 2020–2021	28
Dissipative Structures, Organisms and Evolution	28
Information Theory in Computational Biology: Where We Stand Today	28
Quantum Finite-Time Thermodynamics: Insight from a Single Qubit Engine	28
Simple Equations Method (SEsM): Algorithm, Connection with Hirota Method, Inverse Scattering Transform Method, and Several Other Methods	28
Fermatean Fuzzy Schweizer–Sklar Operators and BWM-Entropy-Based Combined Compromise Solution Approach: An Application to Green Supplier Selection	28
An Overview of Key Technologies in Physical Layer Security	27
Application of Parameter Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition Method in Fault Feature Extraction of Rolling Bearing	27
Attention Mechanisms and Their Applications to Complex Systems	27
A Review of Security Evaluation of Practical Quantum Key Distribution System	27

Retinex-Based Fast Algorithm for Low-Light Image Enhancement	27
Working Memory Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease Is Detected by Complexity Analysis of Multimodal EEG-fNIRS	27
Performance Optimizations with Single-, Bi-, Tri-, and Quadru-Objective for Irreversible Diesel Cycle	27
Effects of Glass Transition and Structural Relaxation on Crystal Nucleation: Theoretical Description and Model Analysis	27
Gas Hydrate Combustion in Five Method of Combustion Organization	27
Reliable Recurrence Algorithm for High-Order Krawtchouk Polynomials	27
Analyzing the Effects of Topological Defect (TD) on the Energy Spectra and Thermal Properties of LiH, TiC and I2 Diatomic Molecules	27
A Memory-Efficient Encoding Method for Processing Mixed-Type Data on Machine Learning	27
An Extended FMEA Model Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy VIKOR for the Railway Train Risk Prioritization	27
Hyperchaotic Image Encryption Based on Multiple Bit Permutation and Diffusion	27
Natural Time Analysis: The Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of the Order Parameter Fluctuations Minima Preceding Major Earthquakes	26
Large Deviations for Continuous Time Random Walks	26
Characterization of a Two-Photon Quantum Battery: Initial Conditions, Stability and Work Extraction	26
Light-Front Field Theory on Current Quantum Computers	26
Application of ICEEMDAN Energy Entropy and AFSA-SVM for Fault Diagnosis of Hoist Sheave Bearing	26
Microstructural Degradation of the AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr Refractory Metal High-Entropy Superalloy at Elevated Temperatures	26
Electricity, Heat, and Gas Load Forecasting Based on Deep Multitask Learning in Industrial-Park Integrated Energy System	26
A Review of Shannon and Differential Entropy Rate Estimation	26
Information Transfer in Linear Multivariate Processes Assessed through Penalized Regression Techniques: Validation and Application to Physiological Networks	25
Analysis of Accelerometer and GPS Data for Cattle Behaviour Identification and Anomalous Events Detection	25
Rhythm Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using Convolutional Neural Networks	25
Goal-Directed Planning for Habituated Agents by Active Inference Using a Variational Recurrent Neural Network	25
Financial Return Distributions: Past, Present, and COVID-19	25
Effects of Match Location, Quality of Opposition and Match Outcome on Match Running Performance in a Portuguese Professional Football Team	25
Power and Efficiency Optimization for Open Combined Regenerative Brayton and Inverse Brayton Cycles with Regeneration before the Inverse Cycle	25
Answering Schrödinger’s “What Is Life?”	25
Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis for Robot Joint Based on Deep CNN	25
Ungulate Detection and Species Classification from Camera Trap Images Using RetinaNet and Faster R-CNN	25
Optic Disc Segmentation Using Attention-Based U-Net and the Improved Cross-Entropy Convolutional Neural Network	25
Analytical Parameter Estimation of the SIR Epidemic Model. Applications to the COVID-19 Pandemic	25
A Hybrid Method Based on Extreme Learning Machine and Wavelet Transform Denoising for Stock Prediction	25
A Digital Image Confidentiality Scheme Based on Pseudo-Quantum Chaos and Lucas Sequence	25
Noise Reduction in Spur Gear Systems	24
Multilevel Deep Feature Generation Framework for Automated Detection of Retinal Abnormalities Using OCT Images	24
The Truncated Burr X-G Family of Distributions: Properties and Applications to Actuarial and Financial Data	24
On the Use of Concentrated Time–Frequency Representations as Input to a Deep Convolutional Neural Network: Application to Non Intrusive Load Monitoring	24
A Study on Railway Surface Defects Detection Based on Machine Vision	24
Some Interesting Observations on the Free Energy Principle	24
Assessment of Airflow and Oximetry Signals to Detect Pediatric Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Using AdaBoost	24
LPA-MNI: An Improved Label Propagation Algorithm Based on Modularity and Node Importance for Community Detection	24
A Simplified Fractional Order PID Controller’s Optimal Tuning: A Case Study on a PMSM Speed Servo	24
Minimum Entropy Generation Rate and Maximum Yield Optimization of Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Process Using NSGA-II	24
A Method for Estimating the Entropy of Time Series Using Artificial Neural Networks	24
A Hybrid Analysis-Based Approach to Android Malware Family Classification	24
Modified Gerchberg–Saxton (G-S) Algorithm and Its Application	24
A Hybrid Domain Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Improved Henon Map	24
Distance-Based Knowledge Measure for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets with Its Application in Decision Making	24
Assessing the Potential Earthquake Precursory Information in ULF Magnetic Data Recorded in Kanto, Japan during 2000–2010: Distance and Magnitude Dependences	24
Ensemble Approach for Detection of Depression Using EEG Features	24
From Shorter to Longer Timescales: Converging Integrated Information Theory (IIT) with the Temporo-Spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC)	23
High Entropy Alloys as Filler Metals for Joining	23
Optimized Ship-Radiated Noise Feature Extraction Approaches Based on CEEMDAN and Slope Entropy	23
Neural Dynamics under Active Inference: Plausibility and Efficiency of Information Processing	23
A New Two-Stage Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems	23
New Fast ApEn and SampEn Entropy Algorithms Implementation and Their Application to Supercomputer Power Consumption	23
Modeling, Simulation, and Reconstruction of 2-Reservoir Heat-to-Power Processes in Finite-Time Thermodynamics	23
Joint Green Marketing Decision-Making of Green Supply Chain Considering Power Structure and Corporate Social Responsibility	23
Evolutionary Processes in Quantum Decision Theory	23
Entropy Production in Exactly Solvable Systems	23
A Review on Machine Learning Approaches for Network Malicious Behavior Detection in Emerging Technologies	23
Fusion Domain-Adaptation CNN Driven by Images and Vibration Signals for Fault Diagnosis of Gearbox Cross-Working Conditions	23
A Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Large-Scale Multi-Fuel CFB Boiler Burning Coal and Syngas. Part 1. The CFD Model of a Large-Scale Multi-Fuel CFB Combustion	23
3E-Net: Entropy-Based Elastic Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Grading of Invasive Breast Carcinoma Histopathological Microscopic Images	23
Automated Emotion Identification Using Fourier–Bessel Domain-Based Entropies	23
Image Encryption Scheme with Compressed Sensing Based on a New Six-Dimensional Non-Degenerate Discrete Hyperchaotic System and Plaintext-Related Scrambling	23
A Review of Fractional Order Entropies	23
A Novel Lightweight Real-Time Traffic Sign Detection Integration Framework Based on YOLOv4	23
A Weighted Subdomain Adaptation Network for Partial Transfer Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery	23
Shape Effect of Nanosize Particles on Magnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer over a Stretching Sheet with Entropy Generation	23
Feature Importance in Gradient Boosting Trees with Cross-Validation Feature Selection	23
Time, Irreversibility and Entropy Production in Nonequilibrium Systems	23
Emergence of Organisms	23
Fractional Norms and Quasinorms Do Not Help to Overcome the Curse of Dimensionality	23
Pulse Coupled Neural Network-Based Multimodal Medical Image Fusion via Guided Filtering and WSEML in NSCT Domain	22
Hemispheric Asymmetry of Functional Brain Networks under Different Emotions Using EEG Data	22
Malicious URL Detection Based on Associative Classification	22
On the Dynamics of International Real-Estate-Investment Trust-Propagation Mechanisms: Evidence from Time-Varying Return and Volatility Connectedness Measures	22
General Non-Markovian Quantum Dynamics	22
Selection of Embedding Dimension and Delay Time in Phase Space Reconstruction via Symbolic Dynamics	22
Modeling of Eddy Current Welding of Rail: Three-Dimensional Simulation	22
Artificial Intelligence for Modeling Real Estate Price Using Call Detail Records and Hybrid Machine Learning Approach	22
A Novel Method Based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm Improved Variational Mode Decomposition and Multi-Features for Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing	22
Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition and Permutation Entropy with Their Application in Feature Extraction of Ship-Radiated Noise	22
Approximate Entropy of Brain Network in the Study of Hemispheric Differences	22
Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance of Hydrogen Production Methods	22
A Deep Learning Approach for Featureless Robust Quality Assessment of Intermittent Atrial Fibrillation Recordings from Portable and Wearable Devices	21
Entropy as an Objective Function of Optimization Multimodal Transportations	21
A Novel Algebraic Structure of (α,β)-Complex Fuzzy Subgroups	21
Application of the Variance Delay Fuzzy Approximate Entropy for Autonomic Nervous System Fluctuation Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients	21
A Lightweight Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaotic Map and Random Substitution	21
Impact of Feature Choice on Machine Learning Classification of Fractional Anomalous Diffusion	21
Performance Analysis and Four-Objective Optimization of an Irreversible Rectangular Cycle	21
Finite-Time Thermodynamics in Economics	21
Network Analysis of Multivariate Transfer Entropy of Cryptocurrencies in Times of Turbulence	21
The Quantum Friction and Optimal Finite-Time Performance of the Quantum Otto Cycle	21