Pain Research & Management

Papers
(The median citation count of Pain Research & Management is 3. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-04-01 to 2025-04-01.)
ArticleCitations
Exploring the Analgesic Initiation Mechanism of Tuina in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of Minor CCI Rats via the TRPV1/TRPA1‐cGMP Pathway82
Sound-Induced Flash Illusions Support Cortex Hyperexcitability in Fibromyalgia53
Effects of Propofol versus Sevoflurane on Postoperative Pain and Neuroendocrine Stress Response in Oocyte Pickup Patients51
Artificial Intelligence for Automatic Pain Assessment: Research Methods and Perspectives31
Interpectoral and Pectoserratus Plane Block vs. Local Anesthetic Infiltration for Partial Mastectomy: A Prospective Randomized Trial31
Nonpharmacological Complementary Interventions for the Management of Pain after Third Molar Surgery: An Umbrella Review of Current Meta-Analyses30
Occipital Nerve Blockade for the Treatment of Occipital Neuralgia-Like Acute Postcraniotomy Headache: A Retrospective Study26
Knowledge on Palliative Care and Associated Factors among Nurses in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis26
Cross Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Italian Version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale and Pain DETECT Questionnaire for the Distinction between Nociceptive and Ne25
Transition to Virtual Care Services during COVID-19 at Canadian Pain Clinics: Survey and Future Recommendations23
Perception of Heaviness Induced by Sensorimotor Incongruence Is Associated with Pain Prognosis: A Pilot Study23
NPD1 Relieves Neuropathic Pain and Accelerates the Recovery of Motor Function After Peripheral Nerve Injury23
Perceived Pain during Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME): Trends, Anatomical Distinctions, and Age and Gender Correlations21
Analgesic Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block at the L2 Level in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Single-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial20
Systematic Review of Methods for Individual Prediction of Postoperative Pain20
Efficacy of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study20
Mechanical Needling with Sterile Water versus Steroids Injection for Facet Joint Syndrome: A Retrospective Observational Study20
Effect of Ondansetron on Postoperative Pain and Vomiting after Acute Appendicitis Surgery: A Placebo‐Controlled Double‐Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial19
Personality in Chronic Headache: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis18
Caffeine Consumption Influences Lidocaine Action via Pain-Related Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: An In Vivo Animal Study18
Adiponectin and Nitric Oxide Deficiency-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Fatigued Home-Resident in Mature and Older Adults: A Case-Control Study18
Use of Intravenous Paracetamol Preoperatively Favors Lower Risk of Delirium and Functional Recovery in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis17
Outcomes of Pain Management Training for the Fourth- and Fifth-Year Medical Students16
The Axial Length of the Eyeball and Bioelectrical Activity of Masticatory and Neck Muscles: A Preliminary Report16
The Causal Relationship between Angina Pectoris and Gout Based on Two Sample Mendelian Randomization16
Anaesthetic Efficacy of 4% Articaine in Comparison with 2% Lidocaine as Intraligamentary Injections after an Ineffective Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: 15
Racial, Ethnic, and Language-Based Inequities in Inpatient Opioid Prescribing by Diagnosis from Internal Medicine Services, a Retrospective Cohort Study14
Efficacy of Levobupivacaine Versus Levobupivacaine Plus Dexmedetomidine Infiltration for Post-Tonsillectomy Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial14
Analysis of Potential Hub Genes for Neuropathic Pain Based on Differential Expression in Rat Models14
Efficacy of Scapular Functional and Cervical Isometric Exercises in the Management of Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Comparative Trial13
Chronic Pain: Among Tertiary Care Psychiatric Out-Patients in Singapore—Prevalence and Associations with Psychiatric Disorders13
Photobiostimulatory Effect of a Single Dose of Low-Level Laser on Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Pain12
The Effectiveness of Quadratus Lumborum and Fascia Iliaca Blocks on Patient Outcomes in Hip Arthroplasty12
Clinical Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency Combined with Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion in the Treatment of Subacute Herpes Zoster Neuralgia12
Association of COMT Val158Met Polymorphism with Fibromyalgia in Khartoum State, Sudan11
Erratum to “miR-223 Inhibits the Polarization and Recruitment of Macrophages via NLRP3/IL-1β Pathway to Meliorate Neuropathic Pain”11
Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis11
Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Fear Avoidance Component Scale (FACS)11
Decreased Gray Matter Volume in the Frontal Cortex of Migraine Patients with Associated Functional Connectivity Alterations: A VBM and rs-FC Study10
Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) Block for Postoperative Pain Management after Open Oncologic Abdominal Surgery10
Considerations on the Obstacles That Lead to Slow Recruitment in a Pain Management Clinical Trial: Experiences from the Belgian PELICAN (PrEgabalin Lidocaine Capsaicin Neuropathic Pain) Pragmatic Stud10
The Effect of Combined Vitamin C and Vitamin E Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Endometriosis: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial9
The Relationship between Pain Catastrophizing and Cognitive Function in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Scoping Review9
Comparison of the Efficacy of Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone in Infiltration Injection for Postendodontic Pain in Patients with Necrotic Pulp: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial9
A Comparison of the Effects of Acupressure and Music on Venipuncture Pain Intensity in Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial9
Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement under Regional Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study9
Beneficial Effects of Kiatsu™ with Ki Training on Episodic Migraine: An Exploratory Study9
Efficacy of Cabbage Leaf versus Cooling Gel Pad or Diclofenac Gel for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Open-Labeled Controlled Clinical Trial9
Effect of Electroacupuncture on Shoulder Subluxation in Poststroke Patients with Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Sham-Controlled Study Using Multidimensional Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Assessment9
A Potential Objective Sign of Central Sensitization: Referred Pain Elicited by Manual Gluteus Minimus Muscle Exploration is Coincident with Pathological Autonomic Response Provoked by Noxious Stimulat9
VAS and NRS, Same or Different? Are Visual Analog Scale Values and Numerical Rating Scale Equally Viable Tools for Assessing Patients after Microdiscectomy?9
The Effect of Pain Coping Strategies on Perceived Social Support and Acceptance of Pain in Elderly Individuals With Chronic Pain8
8
Relationships between the Spinal Dural Pulsations and the Short-Term Efficacy of Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injection8
Dry Needling Produces Mild Injuries Irrespective to Muscle Stiffness and Tension in Ex Vivo Mice Muscles8
Physiotherapeutic Reduction of Orofacial Pain Using Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field and Light-Emitting Diode Therapy—A Pilot Study8
Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Pain Resilience Scale among Lebanese Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain8
Emerging Therapeutic Modalities and Pharmacotherapies in Neuropathic Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Parallel Randomized Controlled Trials8
Evaluation of Patient Comfort and Impact of Different Anesthesia Techniques on the Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis Applications by Comparing Gow-Gates Mandibular Block Anesthesia with Auriculot8
Coping Strategies with Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: A Qualitative Study8
Dexmedetomidine Combined With Patient‐Controlled Analgesia for Palliative Sedation in Terminal‐Stage Cancer Patients With Refractory Pain: A Retrospective Analysis of Nine Cases8
Enhanced Recovery after an Innovative Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Prospective Observational Study8
Analgesic Effect of Ropivacaine Combined with Hydromorphone following Surgery for Mixed Hemorrhoids: A Pilot Study8
Neuropathic Component Characteristics in Chronic Secondary Musculoskeletal Pain After Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Fractures: A Pilot Cross‐Sectional Study8
Application of a Knowledge, Attitude, Belief, and Practice Model in Pain Management of Patients with Acute Traumatic Fractures and Alcohol Dependence8
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Integrated into Pants for the Relief of Postoperative Pain in Hip Surgery Patients: A Randomized Trial8
Investigation for Factors Affecting Body Perception Disturbance in Patients with Low Back Pain by Mechanism-Based Classification of Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study8
Hyoid Bone Position in Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthrosis: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Cephalometric Analysis7
An Interactive Pain Application (MServ) Improves Postoperative Pain Management7
Continuous Intra‐Incisional Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia after Hip Nailing Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial7
A Study on the Relationship between Postural Control and Pain-Related Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain7
Site of Nerve Division Affects Pain-Related Behavior and Spinal Cord Glial Proliferation after C7 Neurotomy in a Rat Stroke Model7
Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with Combined Use of Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Plates and Taylor Spatial Frame for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis7
Retrospective Observational Study on the Characteristics of Pain and Associated Factors of Breakthrough Pain in Advanced Cancer Patients7
Behavioral Responses and Expression of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Its Receptor (N/OFQ-NOP System) during Experimental Tooth Movement in Rats7
Efficacy of Internal Heat Acupuncture Combined with High-Voltage Long-Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency on Subacute Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Retrospective Study7
The Helplessness Dimension of Pain Catastrophizing Mediates the Relation between PTSD Symptoms and Pain Rehabilitation Measures7
Orientin Reduces the Effects of Repeated Procedural Neonatal Pain in Adulthood: Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Docking Analysis, and Experimental Validation7
Knowledge and Attitudes regarding Temporomandibular Disorders among Postgraduate Dental Students and Practicing Dentists in Western China: A Questionnaire-Based Observational Investigation6
Classification and Treatment for Cervical Spine Fracture with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Clinical Nomogram Prediction Study6
Chronic Pain in Italy: Turning Numbers Into Actionable Solutions6
Reduced Opioid Consumption with Pericapsular Nerve Group Block for Hip Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial6
A Critical Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Acupuncture for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence6
Correlations between Age, Pain Intensity, Disability, and Tactile Acuity in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain6
Diagnostic Implication and Clinical Relevance of Dermatomal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Patients with Radiculopathy: A Retrospective Study6
Effectiveness of Mobilization with Movement on the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials6
Prevention of Acute Postoperative Pain in Breast Cancer: A Comparison between Opioids versus Ketamine in the Intraoperatory Analgesia6
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Temporary Spinal Cord Stimulation versus Pulsed Radiofrequency for Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial6
Combining Ozonated Autohemotherapy with Pharmacological Therapy for Comorbid Insomnia and Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study6
Botox (OnabotulinumtoxinA) for Treatment of Migraine Symptoms: A Systematic Review6
Posterior Dynamic Stabilization with Limited Rediscectomy for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation6
Self-Management for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials6
Corrigendum to “Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”6
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Manage Postoperative Ocular Pain after Pterygium Excision with Conjunctival Autograft Transplantation with a Single Application of 2% Sodium Hyaluronate6
Glial Cells of the Central Nervous System: A Potential Target in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome6
Short-Term Efficacy of High-Intensity Laser Therapy in Alleviating Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial6
Continuous Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Improves the Efficiency of Percutaneous Balloon Compression of the Trigeminal Ganglion for Trigeminal Neuralgia6
Practice, Knowledge, and Attitude of Health Care Providers regarding Cancer Pain Management: A National Survey6
Efficacy of Knee Taping in addition to a Supervised Exercise Protocol to Manage Pain and Functional Status in Individuals with Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial5
Postoperative Management Strategy of Surgical Site Infection following Lumbar Dynesys Dynamic Internal Fixation5
Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Ventral Decompression for Symptomatic Thoracic Disc Herniation with or without Calcification: Technical Notes and Case Series5
Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Enhances the Quality of Recovery after Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial5
Dexamethasone Coanalgesic Administration in Steroid Naïve and Steroid Non-Naïve Patients for the Prevention of Pain Flares after Palliative Radiotherapy for Bone Metastases5
CAV-1 Overexpression Exacerbates the Manifestation in EPAC-1-Induced Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Rats5
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Labor Pain Management and Associated Factors among Skilled Birth Attendants Working at Hospitals Found in Central, West, and North Gondar Zones, Northwest Eth5
Revealing the Central Mechanism of Acupuncture for Primary Dysmenorrhea Based on Neuroimaging: A Narrative Review5
Knee Osteoarthritis: Kinesiophobia and Isometric Strength of Quadriceps in Women5
Retrospective Comparison of Postoperative Fascia Iliaca Block and Multimodal Drug Injection on Early Function of the Knee in Femoral Fractures Using Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing5
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Anesthesia Methods in Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A Network Meta‐Analysis5
Malyngamide F Possesses Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activity in Rat Models of Inflammation5
Corrigendum to “Comparison of Different Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Attenuating Inflammatory Pain in Rats”5
Skin Closure Technique and Postprocedural Pain after Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation: A Retrospective Review5
Patient Preferences and Values in Decision Making for Migraines: A Systematic Literature Review5
Perioperative Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Reduces Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial5
Vitamin D Deficiency and Molecular Changes in Circulating MicroRNAs in Older Adults with Lower Back Pain5
The Relationship of Orofacial Pain and Dental Health Status and Oral Health Behaviours in Facial Burn Patients4
Voluntary Forelimbs Exercise Reduces Immobilization-Induced Mechanical Hyperalgesia in the Rat Hind Paw4
Comparison of the Postoperative Analgesic Effects between Ultrasound-Guided Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block and Thoracic Paravertebral Block in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy Patients: A Rand4
Abdominal Massage Improves the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Regulating Mast Cells via the Trypase-PAR2-PKCε Pathway in Rats4
Clinical Effects and Safety of Auricular Acupressure as an Adjunct Therapy on Postoperative Pain among Patients with Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis4
Rapid Improvement in Neck Disability, Mobility, and Sleep Quality with Chronic Neck Pain Treated by Fu’s Subcutaneous Needling: A Randomized Control Study4
The Efficacy of Manual Therapy and Pressure Biofeedback-Guided Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Strength Training on Pain and Functional Limitations in Individuals with Cervicogenic Headaches: A Randomized4
Does a Positive Response to Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection Identify Patients Who Can Avoid Surgery for Two Years?4
Ultrasonography Comparison of Diaphragm Morphological Structure and Function in Young and Middle-Aged Subjects with and without Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Case-Control Study4
The Effect of Lower-Limb Exercise on Pain Management of the Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Fusion Surgery: A Retrospective Case-Control Study4
Traditional Chinese Mind and Body Exercises for Neck Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials4
Bibliometric and Visualized Analyses of Research Studies on Different Analgesics in the Treatment of Orthopedic Postoperative Pain4
The Incidence of Mental Disorders Increases over Time in Patients with Cancer Pain: Data from a Retrospective Cohort Study4
Comparison between Dynamic Stabilization and Instrumented Fusion in the Treatment of Spinal Stenosis with Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis4
The Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Anticipatory Delay of Core Muscles in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain4
Transversus Thoracis Muscle Plane Block in Paediatric Patients Who Underwent Minimally Invasive Closure of Transthoracic Ventricular Septal Defect: A Retrospective Study4
Usefulness of the Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopaedic Patients (BS-POP) for Predicting Poor Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Decompression Surgery4
Efficacy and Safety of Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Balloon Compression under Local Anesthesia for Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective Study4
Impaired Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Function in Pediatric Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders4
How Do We Treat Children with Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome and Is the Biopsychosocial Model Also Being Applied? A Scoping Review4
Opioid Nonadherence Risk Prediction of Patients with Cancer‐Related Pain Based on Five Machine Learning Algorithms4
Does Postgraduate Education Deepen Temporomandibular Disorders Insights for Dental Professionals?4
Methylprednisolone as an Adjunct to Local Infiltration on Laminoplasty or Laminectomy before Wound Closure: A Randomized Controlled Trial4
Risk Factors for Amputation in the Surgical Treatment of Hemophilic Osteoarthropathy: A 20-Year Single-Center Report4
Effects of a Rehabilitation Program Combined with Pain Management That Targets Pain Perception and Activity Avoidance in Older Patients with Acute Vertebral Compression Fracture: a Randomised Controll4
Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety between Intraoperative 3D-CT-Guided and C-Arm-Guided Percutaneous Balloon Compression for Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia:  A  Multi-Center Retrospective Study4
Improvement in Disability Mediates the Effect of Self-Efficacy on Pain Relief in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients with Exercise Therapy4
Effect of Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Extremity Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs4
Knowledge and Practice of Neonatal Pain Management and Associated Factors among Health Care Providers in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals in North Shoa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Et4
The Effect of Medical Cannabis on Pain Level and Quality of Sleep among Rheumatology Clinic Outpatients3
Cognitive Neuroscience of Pain3
Analgesic Efficacy of Ketoprofen Transdermal Patch versus Ibuprofen Oral Tablet on Postendodontic Pain in Patients with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial3
Corrigendum to “Pulsed Radiofrequency of the Trigeminal Ganglion for Treating Postherpetic Neuralgia of the Ophthalmic Branch”3
Myofascial Release for the Treatment of Tension-Type, Cervicogenic Headache or Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis3
Can Baseline Characteristics Predict Successful Outcomes after Individual, Physiotherapist-Led Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain?3
Efficacy and Safety of Pulsed Radiofrequency of Dorsal Root Ganglion in Elderly Patient Population With Acute and Subacute Zoster‐Related Pain3
Clinical Application of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Device for Safe and Secure IANB by Any Operator3
Comparison of the Effect of Different Local Analgesia Administration Techniques in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study3
Rehabilitation of An Analgesic Bracelet Based on Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture in Patients with Rotator Cuff Injury: A Randomized Trial3
Response in Patients With Persistent Pelvic Pain to Motor Imagery Through Auditory or Visual Input—A Pilot Randomized Trial3
Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA): Intravenous Administration (IV-PCA) versus Oral Administration (Oral-PCA) by Using a Novel Device (PCoA® Acute) for Hospitalized Patients with Acute Postoperative P3
Perioperative Low-Dose Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Management in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials3
Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Improving Pain, Fear Avoidance, and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis3
Beneficial Effects of Exercise in Neuropathic Pain: An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved3
Biomarkers for Chronic Pain: Significance and Summary of Recent Advances3
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Zero-P System for Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis: A Meta-Analysis3
Influence of Temperament on the Acceptance of Two Conscious Sedation Techniques in Toddlers Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Randomised Cross Over Trial3
Dry Needling and Antithrombotic Drugs3
Comparison of the Effects of Hugo’s Point Massage and Play on IV-Line Placement Pain in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial3
The Concept of Pain in Children Attending Primary School: Implications for School‐Based Pain Education3
Comparison of Continuous and Programmed Intermittent Bolus Infusion of 0.2% Ropivacaine after Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery3
Assessing Neonatal Pain with NIPS and COMFORT-B: Evaluation of NICU’s Staff Competences3
Efficacy of Gasserian Ganglion High‐Voltage, Long‐Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency Combined With Block on Acute/Subacute Zoster‐Related Trigeminal Neuralgia3
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor TPPU Alleviates Nab-Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain via Suppressing NF-κB Signalling in the Spinal Cord of a Rat3
Neuropathic Pain Medication and Antidepressant Use after Disability Pension in Patients with Spinal Cord Stimulation for Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome3
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