Health & Place

Article	Citations
Which dimensions of nature contact in Urban Green Spaces most significantly contribute to mental wellbeing? A multidimensional analysis in Brazilian metropolitan cities	90
Assessing potential benefits of visits to neighborhoods with higher tree canopy coverage using mobility data: Associations with cardiovascular health outcomes in twenty US metropolitan areas	67
Urban green spaces, self-rated air pollution and health: A sensitivity analysis of green space characteristics and proximity in four European cities	64
Disparities in spatiotemporal clustering of maternal mental health conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic	61
Analysis of the impact of financial and labour uncertainty on suicide mortality in England	60
Nature as a therapeutic place and tool for enhancing service users’ engagement in mental health services: A comprehensive synthesis of evidence	58
Neighborhood environments underpin screen time intervention success in children: Evidence from a study of greenspace and community programming across 130 US communities	47
Neighborhood mobility and racial disparities in preterm birth: A sibling study in California	47
Green space and cardiovascular health in people with type 2 diabetes	46
The impact of outdoor blue spaces on the health of the elderly: A systematic review	44
Powering well-being: Energy independence and mental health in a zone of ongoing disasters	43
A comprehensive GPS-based analysis of activity spaces in early and late pregnancy using the ActMAP framework	42
“We just don’t have the space for it”: Geographies of survival and spatial triage in overdose prevention sites	41
The distribution of harmful product marketing in public outdoor spaces and the effectiveness of marketing bans	40
Affordable and enjoyable health shopping: Commodified therapeutic landscapes for older people in China’s urban open spaces	39
Socioeconomic inequalities in distance to and participation in a community-based running and walking activity: A longitudinal ecological study of parkrun 2010 to 2019	37
Neighborhood walkability, neighborhood social health, and self-selection among U.S. adults	37
Perceived neighborhood social cohesion and the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries: The World Health Organization Study on Global Aging and Adult Health	35
Energy poverty and health inequalities in Barcelona: A cross-sectional trends study in the context of COVID-19, energy crisis and climate change, 2016–2021	34
Urban health advantage or urban health penalty? Urban-rural disparities in age trajectories of physiological health among Chinese middle-aged and older women and men	34
Association between ambient temperatures and cardiovascular disease: A time series analysis using emergency ambulance dispatches in Chongqing, China, 2019–2021	34
Associations between neighborhood built-environment characteristics and hepatic steatosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis	34
Hunting for fresh food: The impact of online fresh food platforms on health	34
(Un-) healthy ageing: Geographic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in England and Wales	33
Intersections of race, gender and the drug economy: Placing drugs in HIV discussions in Brazil	33

Designing environments that contribute to a reduction in the progression of Parkinson's disease; a literature review	32
Citizen science in the community: Gaining insight in community and participant health in four deprived neighbourhoods in the Netherlands	32
Exercise facility availability and incidence of type 2 diabetes and complications in Spain: A population-based retrospective cohort 2015–2018	32
Editorial Board	32
Linking pathogens, people and places: Using geo-ethnography to understand place-based, socio-economic inequalities in gastrointestinal infections in the UK	31
The Older Persons' Index of Multiple Deprivation: Measuring the deprivation circumstances of older populations in Aotearoa New Zealand	30
Editorial Board	29
Differential impact of maternal education on under-five mortality in rural and urban India	29
COVID-19 brought the water struggles in Ghana into our homes in Canada: Collective emotions and WASH struggles in distant locations during health emergencies	28
Postscript: A pandemic read on African health and environmental histories	28
Assessing the impact of blue and green spaces on mental health of disabled children: A scoping review	27
Effects of programs and interventions related to the social environment on childhood and adolescent obesity: A systematic search for and scoping review of natural experiments	27
Promoting public playgrounds usage and children's physical activity with sports activities: A quasi-experimental study	27
Urban-rural differences in trajectories of physical activity in Europe from 2002 to 2017	26
Impactful co-design: Adult decision-makers’ perspectives on actualising children's ideas for health-promoting neighbourhoods in Aotearoa New Zealand	26
Active use and perceptions of parks as urban assets for physical activity: A mixed-methods study	26
The impact of travel time to cancer treatment centre on post-diagnosis care and mortality among cancer patients in Scotland	25
Earlier-life individual and spatial socioeconomic conditions and later-life physical activity	25
Isolation and survival: The impact of local and MSA isolation on survival among non-Hispanic Black women diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States using a SEER-Medicare cohort	24
Entanglements of affect, space, and evidence in pandemic healthcare: An analysis of Australian healthcare workers’ experiences of COVID-19	24
Unequal ecosystems of global health authorial expertise: Decolonising noncommunicable disease	24
Editorial Board	24
Envisioning healthy futures: Youth perceptions of justice-oriented environments and communities in Northern British Columbia Canada	23
Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety	23
How do density, employment and transit affect the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic? A study of 3,141 counties across the United States	23
We carry history within us: Anti-Black racism and the legacy of lynchings on life expectancy in the U.S. South	23
The mediating role of neighborhood social cohesion and trust in the relationship between childhood material hardship and adolescent depression	23
Using geospatial trajectories to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the associations between environmental attributes and runnability of park trails	23
The influence of the built environment in enacting a household model of residential aged care for people living with a mental health condition: A qualitative post-occupancy evaluation	23
Examining the geographical distribution of air pollution disparities across different racial and ethnic groups: Incorporating workplace addresses	22
The healthiness of Australian food outlets available through online delivery platforms, by level of socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness	22
Identifying optimal locations for the development of health facilities towards the attainment of universal health coverage using geospatial techniques in Kishapu district, Tanzania	22
Challenging perspectives; understanding the barriers to engaging in an outdoor swimming feasibility randomised controlled trial	22
Draining the tobacco swamps: Shaping the built environment to reduce tobacco retailer proximity to residents in 30 big US cities	21
Sociodemographic inequities in tobacco retailer density: Do neighboring places matter?	21
Temporal trends in within-city inequities in COVID-19 incidence rate by area-level deprivation in Madrid, Spain	21
Continuity of care: The ongoing use of “bush medicine” as a transnational therapeutic health practice in Guyanese immigrant communities	21
Measurement of neighborhood-based physical activity bouts	21
Hierarchies of affectedness after disasters	21
Greenspace exposure may increase life expectancy of elderly adults, especially for those with low socioeconomic status	20
Spatial accessibility and equity of residential care facilities in Beijing from 2010 to 2020	20
Exploring the association between neighborhood disadvantage and cannabis retail density: A multi-measure analysis	20
Who uses what food retailers? A cluster analysis of food retail usage in the Netherlands	20
“I have to stay inside …”: Experiences of air pollution for people with asthma	20
Children's experiences of care on walking and cycling journeys between home and school in Healthy New Towns: Reframing active school travel	20
The privilege of working from home and health disparities during the covid-19 pandemic in major American cities	20
Neighborhood built and food environment in relation to glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes in the moving to health study	20
Inside and outside the neighborhood: Short-term and long-term subjective well-being by geographical context	19
Spatial modelling to identify high-risk zones for the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in hyperendemic urban environments: A case study of Mashhad, Iran	19
Reduction in the use of green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health	18

Making the case for lead safe housing: Downstream effects of lead exposure on outcomes for children and youth	18
Analysis of the Dong bao Ye as sacred landscape and its Putative therapeutic mechanisms	18
Validating model output in the absence of ground truth data: A COVID-19 case study using the Simulator of Infectious Disease Dynamics in North Carolina (SIDD-NC) model	18
Using photovoice to generate policy recommendations to improve the alcohol urban environment: A participatory action research project	18
Shaping the healthy subject in gentrified spaces: Two case studies in Barcelona (Spain)	17
Physical and social environmental factors related to co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors	16
Gender, caring work, and the embodiment of kufungisisa: Findings from a global health intervention in Shurugwi District, Zimbabwe	16
Where are the labor markets?: Examining the association between structural racism in labor markets and infant birth weight	16
Does the health of local populations modify occupational differences in employment rates of older workers? Findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study 2001–2011	16
Does geographic availability of alcohol influence drinking in adolescents? A systematic review of literature associations	16
Characteristics of movers and predictors of residential mobility in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort	16
Exploring liminality in the co-design of rehabilitation environments: The case of one acute stroke unit	16
Inuit birthing in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut: A place-based inquiry of maternity care systems	16
Fine particulate matter and body weight status among older adults in China: Impacts and pathways	16
‘It's just one of those natural progressions': Stories of relocating to neighbourhoods of high and low walkability	16
Wandering epizootics and zones of emergence: Constructing yellow fever endemicity in Africa	16
Visualizing changes in physical activity behavioral patterns after redesigning urban infrastructure	16
Moderators and mediators of the association between the obesogenicity of neighbourhoods and weight status in Dutch adults	16
Local retail food environment exposure and diet quality in rural and urban adults: A longitudinal analysis of the ORISCAV-LUX cohort study	16
Drinking alcohol at home feels different from drinking in public places: a qualitative study of midlife Australians	15
The moderating role of parent perceptions in relationships between objectively measured neighbourhood environment attributes and pre-schooler’s physical activity: Findings from the PLAYCE study	15
Green space exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence: A systematic review	15
Mobile daily diaries to characterize stressors and acute health symptoms in an environmental justice neighborhood	15
Understanding the role of urban social and physical environment in opioid overdose events using found geospatial data	15
Measuring spatio-temporal disparity of location-based accessibility to emergency medical services	15
Identifying spatial heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission clusters and their built-environment features at the neighbourhood scale	15
A counterfactual analysis of opioid-involved deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic using a spatiotemporal random forest modeling approach	15
COVID-19 and deprivation amplification: An ecological study of geographical inequalities in mortality in England	15
Promoting the health of vulnerable populations: Three steps towards a systems-based re-orientation of public health intervention research	15
The stationarity bias in research on the environmental determinants of health	14
Residential green and blue spaces and working memory in children aged 6–12 years old. Results from the INMA cohort	14
How can an agent-based model explore the impact of interventions on children's physical activity in an urban environment?	14
Ranking the importance of demographic, socioeconomic, and underlying health factors on US COVID-19 deaths: A geographical random forest approach	14
Are Spanish adolescents who actively commute to and from school more active in other domains? A spatiotemporal investigation	14
Assessing the association between urban features and human physiological stress response using wearable sensors in different urban contexts	14
The superspreading places of COVID-19 and the associated built-environment and socio-demographic features: A study using a spatial network framework and individual-level activity data	14
Salir Adelante: Social capital and resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic in Argentina	13
Examining the indirect effect of park size on community health via crime risk in Alabama: A cross-sectional mediation model	13
Victimization, safety, and overdose in homeless shelters: A systematic review and narrative synthesis	13
Examining the state, quality and strength of the evidence in the research on built environments and physical activity among adults: An overview of reviews from high income countries	13
Rural-urban residence and life expectancies with and without pain	13
Modeling the spatiotemporal transmission of COVID-19 epidemic by coupling the heterogeneous impact of detection rates: A case study in Hong Kong	13
Running bodies and the affective spaces of health in and beyond marathon running in China	13
Venturing outside: Local journeying, belonging and new parenthood	13
Involving migrants in the adaptation of primary care services in a ‘newly’ diverse urban area in Ireland: The tension between agency and structure	13
Digital care at home: Exploring the role of smart consumer devices	13
Neighbourhood deprivation and intersectional inequalities in biomarkers of healthy ageing in England	13
Effectiveness of a community organizing intervention on mortality and its equity among older residents in Japan: A JAGES quasi-experimental study	13
Developing the Intergenerational Community Survey for older adults: Assessing neighborhood environments, social and physical activities, and health	13
Analyzing effect modifiers of the temperature-mortality relationship in the Paris region to identify social and environmental levers for more effective adaptation to heat	13
Not all types of nature have an equal effect on urban residents’ well-being: A structural equation model approach	13
Understanding how to create healthier places: A qualitative study exploring the complex system of urban development decision-making	13
Changes in urbanicity and household availability of and proximity to food vendors from 2004 to 2020 in a rural district of northwestern Bangladesh	13
Transport accessibility and hospital attributes: A nonlinear analysis of their impact on Women's prenatal care seeking behavior	12
Child and youth physical activity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: The changing role of the neighbourhood built and social environments	12
Poverty reduction and childhood opportunity moves: A randomized trial of cash transfers to low-income U.S. families with infants	12
Understanding the barriers and facilitators of urban greenway use among older and disadvantaged adults: A mixed-methods study in Québec city	12
Gender and sex differences in urban greenness’ mental health benefits: A systematic review	12
Does urbanisation lead to unhealthy diets? Longitudinal evidence from Indonesia	12
Place effects on adult obesity and cardiometabolic health: Evidence from a natural experiment	12
The ‘health workforce crisis’ and ‘the medical manpower problem’: New term, old problems.	12
The association between off- and on-premise alcohol outlet density and 100% alcohol-attributable emergency department visits by neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status in Ontario, Canada	12
Higher ultraviolet light exposure is associated with lower mortality: An analysis of data from the UK biobank cohort study	12
The influence of residential Environment and residential experience on psychological depression in older adults: Evidence from China and Europe	12
Associations between changes in crime and changes in walking for transport with effect measure modification by gender: A fixed-effects analysis of the multilevel longitudinal HABITAT study (2007–2016)	12
Novel indices of state- and county-level social disadvantage in older Americans and disparities in mortality	12
Examining spatial inequality in COVID-19 positivity rates across New York City ZIP codes	12
Residential history, the electronic health record, and clinical medicine: A descriptive study in a lung transplant cohort	12
Variation in U.S. county-level cardiovascular disease death rates by measure of rural-urban status	12
Drug overdoses, geographic trajectories, and the influence of built environment and neighborhood characteristics	12
When you can't find the words: Using body mapping to communicate patients' experiences of Long Covid	11
Built for movement: Neighborhoods and adolescent physical activity behaviors, and the moderating role of socioeconomic position and gender	11
Editorial Board	11
Liminal space and the negotiation of care work in extra-care housing	11
WEIRD and non-consensual food deserts and swamps: A scoping review of operational definitions	11
Understanding perceived park access and physical activity among older adults: A structural equation modeling approach	11
Socioeconomic deprivation and changes in the retail food environment of Mexico from 2010 to 2020	11
Editorial Board	11
Editorial Board	11
The internet as non-biomedical milieu: Production of alternative health techno-social spaces and the persistence of marginalised medical practices	11

Do cigarette prices near secondary schools vary by area-level socioeconomic status? Findings from a field study in Ontario and Québec, Canada	11
Neighbourhood social cohesion, loneliness and multimorbidity: Evidence from a UK longitudinal panel study	10
The application of intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) to examine birthweight inequities in New York City	10
Exploring the spatial scale effects of built environments on transport walking: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis	10
A detour for snacks and beverages? A cross-sectional assessment of selective daily mobility bias in food outlet exposure along the commuting route and dietary intakes	10
The perceived neighborhood walking environment and self-reported sleep health in a nationally representative sample of the United States	10
Editorial Board	10
Spaces of participation: Exploring the characteristics of conducive environments for citizen participation in a community-based health promotion initiative in a disadvantaged neighborhood	10
The other side of the story: Intended parents' surrogacy journeys, stigma and relational reproductive justice	10
Does better than expected life expectancy in areas of disadvantage indicate health resilience? Stakeholder perspectives and possible explanations	10
Developing an agent-based model of oral healthcare utilization by Chinese Americans in New York City	10
Longitudinal associations between the neighborhood social, natural, and built environment and mental health: A systematic review with meta-analyses	10
Residential instability during adolescence and health and wellbeing in adulthood: A longitudinal outcome-wide study	10
Pre-pandemic individual- and community-level social capital and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: A longitudinal study of Japanese older adults in 2019-21	10
Urban social determinants of non-communicable diseases risk factors in Argentina	10
Residence in coastal communities in adolescence and health in young adulthood: An 11-year follow-up of English UKHLS youth questionnaire respondents.	10
Associations between combined exposure to environmental hazards and social stressors at the neighborhood level and individual perinatal outcomes in the ECHO-wide cohort	10
“For my safety and wellbeing, I always travel to seek health care in a distant facility”—the role of place and stigma in HIV testing decisions among GBMSM – BSGH 002	10
A spatiotemporal analysis of inequalities in life expectancy and 20 causes of mortality in sub-neighbourhoods of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1990–2016	10
Association between preschooler outdoor play and home yard vegetation as measured by high resolution imagery: Findings from the PLAYCE study	9
Time trends in associations between neighbourhood and school characteristics and mental health problems among Dutch adolescents	9
Who goes foraging in Bristol, UK and why? A qualitative investigation into wild food acquisition and food justice	9
Mapping transgender policies in the US 2017–2021: The role of geography and implications for health equity	9
Does hospital location matter? Association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with hospital quality in US metropolitan settings	9
Retail cannabis environment and adolescent use: The role of advertising and retailers near home and school	9
Examining the state, quality and strength of the evidence in the research on built environments and physical activity among children and youth: An overview of reviews from high income countries	9
Parenthood, spatial temporal environmental exposure, and leisure-time physical activity participation: Evidence from a micro-timescale retrospective longitudinal study	9
Amount of and proximity to blue spaces and general health among older Chinese adults in private and public housing: A national population study	9
Neighborhood greenspace and cognition: The cardiovascular health study	9
Simulating the impact of particulate matter exposure on health-related behaviour: A comparative study of stochastic modelling and personal monitoring data	9
The association between workplace built environment and metabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis	9
‘It doesn't feel like our house anymore’: The impact of medical technology upon life at home for families with a medically complex, technology-dependent child	9
Refugee mental health and the role of place in the Global North countries: A scoping review	9
Would intervening on financial strain reduce inequalities in mental health between renters and homeowners?	9
Long-term impact of the 2008 economic crisis in Spain on road traffic collisions mortality by socioeconomic position	9
Why might urban tree canopy reduce dementia risk? A causal mediation analysis of 109,688 adults with 11 years of hospital and mortality records	9
Frames of agency in a school with poor indoor-air quality: A longitudinal composite narrative study	9
Regional and neighbourhood-based variation in three types of vaccine attitude in Britain	9
Children's experiences of the journey between home and school: A qualitative synthesis using meta-ethnography	9
An ecological approach to understanding Women’s reproductive health and pregnancy decision making in Greenland	9
Do regionally targeted lockdowns alter movement to non-lockdown regions? Evidence from Ontario, Canada	8
Work-related internal migration and changes in mental and physical health: A longitudinal study using German data	8
Stakeholder experiences of using online spatial data visualisation tools for local public health decision support: A qualitative study	8
The relationship between neighborhood typologies and self-rated health in Maryland: A latent class analysis	8
The critical need for WASH in emergency preparedness in health settings, the case of COVID-19 pandemic in Kisumu Kenya	8
Organisational dressage: Conflicting embodied rhythms of a health station	8
“Placing community in the driver's seat”: Key strategies and critical enablers of an equitable place-based COVID-19 vaccination response	8
Neighbourhood characteristics and socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from the Growing Up in Ireland study	8
Exposure to neighborhood poverty from adolescence through emerging adulthood and sleep duration in US adults	8
Living with the aftermaths of a stroke in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic; the significance of home and close surroundings	8
Do health trajectories predict neighborhood outcomes? Evidence of health selection in a diverse sample of U.S. adults	8
Evaluating the association between urban green spaces and subjective well-being in Mexico city during the COVID-19 pandemic	8
Where do Dutch adults obtain their snack foods? Cross-sectional exploration of individuals' interactions with the food environment	8
“A place where I have lost and made friends”: A photovoice study on adolescents’ perspectives on health in a new residential development area in Munich, Germany	8
Exploring residential relocation– differences between newcomers and settled residents in health, travel behaviour and neighbourhood perceptions	8
Social media insights into spatio-temporal emotional responses to COVID-19 crisis	8
Spatial scale effects on associations between built environment and cognitive function: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis	8
Place-making and its impact on health and wellbeing among recently resettled refugees in high income contexts: A scoping review	8
Neighborhood resources associated with frailty trajectories over time among community-dwelling older adults in China	8
Towards an integrated theoretical framework for understanding water insecurity and gender-based violence in Low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)	8
Neighbourhood effects on psychiatric disorders among Finnish adolescents: The moderating impact of family background	8
“It's not just about being here, but what brought you here”: A qualitative study of the role of migration experiences in shaping im/migrant women's access to healthcare	8
Changes to household food shopping practices during the COVID-19 restrictions: Evidence from the East of England	8
Forces at play: A qualitative study of risk aversion, policy and decision making for children's physically active play in schools	8
Effects of residential socioeconomic polarization on high blood pressure among nursing home residents	8
A longitudinal analysis of the impact of the local tobacco retail availability and neighbourhood deprivation on male smoking behaviours in Shanghai, China	8
Hard-to-reach communities in the rural Ecuador: A qualitative perspective on dietary habits and physical activity	8
Does work-related and commuting physical activity predict changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during the transition to retirement? GPS and accelerometer study	8
Photovoice accounts of third places: Refugee and asylum seeker populations' experiences of therapeutic space	7
Residential greenness and risks of depression: Longitudinal associations with different greenness indicators and spatial scales in a Finnish population cohort	7
Residents perceptions of the alcohol environment: A participatory photovoice project in two districts with different socio-economic status in a large city	7
A life course perspective on BMI in rural America	7
The effects of Hurricane Harvey on the physical and mental health of adults in Houston	7
Impact of subjective and objective neighbourhood characteristics and individual socioeconomic position on allostatic load: A cross-sectional analysis of an all-age UK household panel study	7
A qualitative study of parental strategies to enable pre-school children's outdoor and nature experiences during COVID-19 restrictions	7
Assessing the healthiness of menus of all out-of-home food outlets and its socioeconomic patterns in Great Britain	7
‘Living needs a landscape’: A qualitative study about the role of enabling landscapes for people with mental health and substance abuse problems	7
Delapré Walk project: Are signposted walking routes an effective intervention to increase engagement in urban parks? –Natural experimental study	7
Greenspace exposure is conducive to the resilience of public sentiment during the COVID-19 pandemic	7
Individual, household and neighborhood risk factors for malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo support new approaches to programmatic intervention	7
Whose pollution, whose problem? Understanding perceptions of air pollution and implications for clean cooking (for health) in Nairobi schools	7
Placing intersectional inequalities in health	7
Compact cities and the Covid-19 pandemic: Systematic review of the associations between transmission of Covid-19 or other respiratory viruses and population density or other features of neighbourhood	7
Socioeconomic distribution of food outlet availability through online food delivery services in seven European countries: A cross-sectional study	7
Advancing geospatial preconception health research in primary care through medical informatics and artificial intelligence	7
Associations of public open space attributes with active and sedentary behaviors in dense urban areas: A systematic review of observational studies	7
The association of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics with cardiovascular health: A quasi-experimental study of refugees to Denmark	7
The equigenic effect of greenness on the association between education with life expectancy and mortality in 28 large Latin American cities	7
Change in GPS-assessed walking locations following a cluster-randomized controlled physical activity trial in older adults, results from the MIPARC trial	7
Community gun violence and functional disability: An ecological analysis among men in four U.S. cities	7
Structural influences on psychiatric emergency department visits among racial and ethnic minority youth in North Carolina: A neighborhood-level analysis	7
Nonstationary relationships among individuals’ concurrent exposures to noise, air pollution and greenspace: A mobility-based study using GPS and mobile sensing data	7
The impact of area-level socioeconomic status in childhood on mental health in adolescence and adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study in Aotearoa New Zealand	7
Design of public open space: Site features, playing, and physical activity	7
The impact of school exclusion zone planning guidance on the number and type of food outlets in an English local authority: A longitudinal analysis	7