Spinal Cord

Article	Citations
Reviewer recognition	160
Multidrug-resistant bacteria in urine culture among patients with spinal cord injury and disorder: Time to first detection and analysis of risk factors	54
Serum concentrations of ketones increase after hand-ergometer exercise in persons with cervical spinal cord injuries: a preliminary prospective study	48
Correspondence to “Development and validation of the sitting balance assessment for spinal cord injury (SitBASCI)”	42
Effects of exercise on autonomic cardiovascular control in individuals with chronic, motor-complete spinal cord injury: an exploratory randomised clinical trial	34
Falls on an inpatient rehabilitation spinal injuries unit: the characteristics, circumstances, and consequences	28
Minor microbial alterations after faecal diversion do not affect the healing process of anus-near pressure injuries in patients with spinal cord injury - results of a matched case-control study	27
Patient-reported outcomes in Primary Spinal Intradural Tumours: a systematic review	24
The association of Type D personality with functional outcomes, quality of life and neuropathic pain in persons with spinal cord injury	23
Sex differences in urological management during spinal cord injury rehabilitation: results from a prospective multicenter longitudinal cohort study	22
Psychosocial impact and anxiety determinants in individuals with spinal cord injury following the april 2025 istanbul earthquake: perceptions of safety and early post-disaster experience	22
Does surgery improve neurological outcomes in older individuals with cervical spinal cord injury without bone injury? A multicenter study	19
Response: Use of the WISCI-II score in assessing outcome of intensive robot-assisted gait training in spinal cord injury	19
The relationship between the structural changes in the cervical spinal cord and sensorimotor function of children with thoracolumbar spinal cord injury (TLSCI)	17
Using the benefit-harm trade-off method to determine the smallest worthwhile effect of intensive motor training on strength for people with spinal cord injury	17
Patient flow problems affecting in-patient spinal cord injury rehabilitation in the Netherlands	15
The 2022 Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) to train physiotherapists in the management of people with spinal cord injuries: a qualitative and quantitative analysis of learners’ experiences and its imp	15
Predictors of lower extremity fracture-related amputation in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury: a case–control study	13
Reliability of sympathetic skin response in individuals with spinal cord injury: a supraorbital nerve stimulation approach	12
Challenges and strategies for spinal cord injury research recruitment in rehabilitation hospitals: a single center perspective	12
Classification of upper-limb dysfunction severity and prediction of independence in activities of daily living after cervical spinal-cord injury	12
A prospective multi-center study comparing the complication profile of modest systemic hypothermia versus normothermia for acute cervical spinal cord injury	12
Providing a QuickStart for people with newly acquired spinal cord injury: a new model of care offering in-reach advice and support	12
A message from Spinal Cord’s Editor-in-Chief	11
Exploring lifestyle components and associated factors in newly injured individuals with spinal cord injury	11

Quantifying unsupported sitting posture impairments in humans with cervical spinal cord injury using a head-mounted IMU sensor	11
Functional priorities of individuals with spinal cord injury: a Saudi Arabian perspective	11
Development of the International Spinal Cord Injury Basic Data Set for informal caregivers	11
The availability and quality of breastfeeding guidelines for women with spinal cord injury: a narrative review	11
Incidence, severity and time course of pressure injuries over the first two years following discharge from hospital in people with spinal cord injuries in Bangladesh	10
Evaluating a novel, low-cost technique for cervical-spine immobilization for application in resource-limited LMICs: a non-inferiority trial	10
Retrospective trends in length of stay and bowel management at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation among individuals with spinal cord injury	10
Effect of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation on spasticity in upper motor neuron conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis	10
DTI of chronic spinal cord injury in children without MRI abnormalities (SCIWOMR) and with pathology on MRI and comparison to severity of motor impairment	9
International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set (version 3.0)—including standardization of reporting	9
Correction to: Development and validation of the sitting balance assessment for spinal cord injury (SitBASCI)	9
Barriers and facilitators to changing bowel care practices after spinal cord injury: a Theoretical Domains Framework approach	9
Clinical signs and symptoms for degenerative cervical myelopathy: a scoping review of case-control studies to facilitate early diagnosis among healthcare professionals with stakeholder engagement	9
Correlation between miRNA-124, miRNA-544a, and TNF-α levels in acute spinal cord injury	9
Incidence and mortality of spinal cord injury from 2008 to 2020: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the Piedmont Region, Italy	9
Using diffusion tensor imaging to assess children with spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation	9
Characterization of heart rate changes associated with autonomic dysreflexia during penile vibrostimulation and urodynamics	9
Does cardiometabolic risk profile differ among individuals with traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI): the evidence from the multicenter SCI cohort in Switzerland (SwiSCI)	8
Examining antibiotic prescribing and urine culture testing for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a primary care spinal cord injury (SCI) cohort	8
Quantifying guideline-discordant intermittent catheterization in adults hospitalized with spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study	8
From the desk of Spinal Cord’s New Editor	8
Correction: The influencing factors for tracheostomy decannulation after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: a retrospective study	8
Experiences of people with spinal cord injuries readmitted for continence-related complications: a qualitative descriptive study	8
Association between age and incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury: an observational cross-sectional study	8
Comparison of cardiac autonomic modulation of athletes and non-athletes individuals with spinal cord injury at rest and during a non-immersive virtual reality task	8
An observational study on body mass index during rehabilitation and follow-up in people with spinal cord injury in Denmark	8
The effect of melatonin administration on motor recovery after spinal cord injury in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis	8
Correction: Examining the impact of COVID-19 on health care utilization among persons with chronic spinal cord injury/dysfunction: a population study	8
Causes and length of stay of readmission among individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective observational cohort study	8
Associations between personality traits and depressive and anxiety symptoms among persons with spinal cord injury in first inpatient rehabilitation	8
A cross-cultural mixed methods validation study of the spinal cord injury quality of life basic dataset (SCI QoL-BDS)	8
Lipid metabolism after mild cold stress in persons with a cervical spinal cord injury	7
Utilising International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions (ICD)-10 Australian Modification Classifications of “Health Conditions” to Achieve Population Health Survei	7
Differences between males and females with spinal cord injury in the experience of subliminal and explicit sexual pictures	7
Correction: High intensity functional training for people with spinal cord injury & their care partners	7
Predictors of poor outcomes after posterior decompression surgery in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy	7
All over the MAP: describing pressure variability in acute spinal cord injury	7
Empowering lives of people with SCI: unlocking the transformative potential of the World Health Assembly’s resolution on rehabilitation – the 2024 ISCoS lecture	7
A cost-effectiveness analysis of bladder management strategies in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury: A publicly funded health care perspective	7
Quality of life after traumatic thoracolumbar spinal cord injury: a North Indian perspective	7
Risk constellation of hospital acquired pressure injuries in patients with a spinal cord injury/ disorder - focus on time since spinal cord injury/ disorder and patients’ age	7
Mortality and causes of death of traumatic spinal cord injury in Finland	7
A multimodal respiratory weaning intervention for adult critical care patients mechanically ventilated with cervical spinal cord injury: a quality improvement project	7
Heart rate changes associated with autonomic dysreflexia in daily life of individuals with chronic spinal cord injury	7
Labour market participation after spinal cord injury. A register-based cohort study	7
Unplanned hospital admissions due to secondary health conditions after spinal cord injury: a population-based description of determinants of length of stay	7
Microglial landscape and signaling in spinal cord injury	7
The international spinal cord injury pain basic data set (version 3.0)	7
Time-restricted feeding modulates neuron-glial interactions and circadian rhythm in the spinal cord of male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet	7
Obesity in wheelchair users with long-standing spinal cord injury: prevalence and associations with time since injury and physical activity	7

The role of comprehensive rehabilitation in the care of degenerative cervical myelopathy	6
Preventive treatment with alendronate of loss of bone mineral density in acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Randomized controlled clinical trial	6
Onabotulinum toxin A improves neurogenic detrusor overactivity following spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis	6
Construct validity of the international standards to document remaining autonomic function after spinal cord injury (ISAFSCI) (1st edition)	6
Letter to the editor: Racial differences in serological markers across the first year of injury in spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis of a multicenter interventional study by Jia Li et al.	6
Spontaneous Motor Recovery after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Issues for Nerve Transfer Surgery Decision Making	6
Correction to: The experiences of people with incomplete spinal cord injury or disease during intensive balance training and the impact of the program: A qualitative study	6
Health care and rehabilitation services utilization, benefits and satisfaction: a community survey of individuals with spinal cord injury in Thailand	6
The effect of abdominal functional electrical stimulation on blood pressure in people with high level spinal cord injury	6
Comparative analysis of MRI features and surgical outcomes between intramedullary and extramedullary schwannomas in the spinal cord	6
Predicting resting energy expenditure in people with chronic spinal cord injury	6
Muscle Excitability Scale for the assessment of spastic reflexes in spinal cord injury: development and evaluation	6
Developing spinal cord injury physiotherapy clinical practice guidelines: a qualitative study to determine how physiotherapists and people living with spinal cord injury use evidence	6
Effects of wheelchair skills training during peer-led Active Rehabilitation Camps for people with spinal cord injury in Poland: a cohort study	6
Strengths, gaps, and future directions on the landscape of ethics-related research for spinal cord injury	6
A comparison of elbow and wrist kinematics and kinetics during swing-through versus reciprocal gait with crutches in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury	6
Predictors of quality of life of individuals living in Brazil with spinal cord injury/disease	6
Exploring smoking cessation experiences among persons with spinal cord injury: Informing theory-based recommendations for interventions	6
Programmed cell death 10 can be used as a potential biomarker for ankylosing spondylitis diagnosis and treatment	5
Involving people with lived experience of spinal cord injury in research: a policy for consumer remuneration	5
Long-term outcome following surgical treatment of posttraumatic tethered cord syndrome: a retrospective population-based cohort study	5
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the French version of the Spinal Cord Injury Pain Instrument (SCIPI)	5
Surgical outcomes of ventrally located cervical spinal meningiomas	5
Prevalence, causes, and risk profile of rehospitalizations in persons with spinal cord injury within the first 10 years after primary rehabilitation	5
Racial differences in serological markers across the first year of injury in spinal cord injury: responses to the letter to editor	5
A semi-structured interview to capture manual wheelchair use for mobility activities among individuals with spinal cord injury in real-life situations: development and content validity of the Wheelcha	5
A therapist-administered self-report version of the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II (WISCI): a psychometric study	5
Racial differences in serological markers across the first year of injury in spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis of a multi-center interventional study	5
Neuroregenerative and neuroprotective effects of bioengineered scaffolds in spinal cord injury: a systematic review of preclinical and early phase clinical studies	5
Definitions of recovery and reintegration across the first year: A qualitative study of perspectives of persons with spinal cord injury and caregivers	5
Validity and responsiveness of the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool for sub-acute traumatic spinal cord injury	5
Impact of routine urine cultures on antibiotic usage in those undergoing a routine annual spinal cord injury evaluation	5
Histology of neurogenic heterotopic ossification and comparison with its radiological expression in acute spinal cord injured patients	5
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound partially reversed the deleterious effects of a severe spinal cord injury-induced bone loss and osteoporotic fracture healing in paraplegic rats	5
National survey of mental health and suicidal thoughts in people with spinal cord injury	5
Disability trajectories individuals with spinal cord injury in mainland China: do psychosocial resources and diseases factors predict trajectories?	5
Health literacy of people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review	5
Toward a better understanding and terminology of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation techniques	5
The critical threshold of blood flow associated with spinal cord ischemia in a modified rabbit model developed by ligation of lumbar arteries	5
Continuous pressure monitoring of inpatient spinal cord injured patients: implications for pressure ulcer development	5
Level of injury is an independent determining factor of gut dysbiosis in people with chronic spinal cord injury: A cross-sectional study	5
Difficulties capturing co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with traumatic spinal cord injury: a population-based study	5
Standard set of network outcomes for traumatic spinal cord injury: a consensus-based approach using the Delphi method	5
Osteomyelitis and antibiotic treatment in patients with grade IV pressure injury and spinal cord lesion—a retrospective cohort study	5
Changes in essential care in individuals with spinal cord injury during the COVID-19 pandemic	5
CT image findings of spinal gout	5
Satisfaction scores can be used to assess the quality of care and service in spinal rehabilitation	5
Factors impacting employment outcomes for persons with spinal cord injury in South Korea	5
Environmental barriers perceived by the Finnish population with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional survey	5
Response to “Knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs about urinary tract infections in persons with neurogenic bladder and impacts on interventions to promote person-centered care”	5
Validation of the Thai version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure Self-Report (SCIM-SR-Thai)	5
Illness perception of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) during inpatient rehabilitation: a longitudinal study	4
The vulnerable superhero—a qualitative study investigating how spinal cord injury peer mentors experience their role in Active Rehabilitation training programs	4
Timing of rehabilitation and pressure ulcers requiring treatment during acute hospitalization in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries	4
The primary and secondary causes of hospitalizations during the first five years after spinal cord injury	4
Reply to the comment on “increased risk of osteoarthritis in persons with spinal cord injury: a population-based longitudinal follow-up study in Taiwan”	4
Association between weekly exercise minutes and resting IL-6 in adults with chronic spinal cord injury: findings from the fracture risk after spinal cord injury exercise study	4
Efficacy of aquatic therapy in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis	4
The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury—a protocol for a three-arm randomised-controlled trial	4
Temporal changes in demographic and injury characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injuries in Nordic countries - a systematic review with meta-analysis	4
Rethinking aerobic exercise intensity prescription in adults with spinal cord injury: time to end the use of “moderate to vigorous” intensity?	4
Determination of cut-off points in the Trunk control test for spinal cord injury to assess the ability to perform different activities of daily living	4
Correlation and reliability of cervical sagittal alignment parameters between plain radiographs and multipositional MRI images	4
Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury after cervical laminoplasty for ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament: a case series	4
Examining the impact of COVID-19 on health care utilization among persons with chronic spinal cord injury/dysfunction: a population study	4
Lactobacillus casei Shirota probiotic drinks reduce antibiotic associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries who regularly consume proton pump inhibitors: a subgroup analysis of the ECLIS	4
Does the presence or absence of preoperative lower extremity neurologic symptoms influence postoperative clinical outcome in patients with cervical intradural extramedullary tumors?: a single-center r	4
Diagnostic evaluation and management of recurrent urinary tract infections in the spinal cord injury population – a retrospective evaluation at a tertiary care center	4
A response to “Toward a better understanding and terminology of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation”	4
Predictive modeling of ambulatory outcomes after spinal cord injury using machine learning	4
Assessment of increased knowledge about traffic accidents prevention, one month after a presentation included in the program “it can happen to you” of AESLEME	4
Development and validation of the sitting balance assessment for spinal cord injury (SitBASCI)	4
The COVID-19 pandemic impacts all domains of quality of life in Egyptians with spinal cord injury: a retrospective longitudinal study	4
Guideline for the management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction in spinal cord injury/disease	4
Surgical outcomes of cervical spinal cord tumor in elderly patients assessed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire	4
Urodynamic evaluation of neurogenic bladder in patients with spinal cord injury within 6 months post-injury: a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study	3
Accuracy of self-reported severity and level of spinal cord injury	3
Predicting physical activity intensity using raw accelerometer signals in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury	3
Self-reported benzodiazepine use among adults with chronic spinal cord injury in the southeastern USA: associations with demographic, injury, and opioid use characteristics	3
Neurological recovery rate and predictive factors of incomplete AIS grade C spinal cord injury in the older aged population	3

The trends in sports-related spinal cord injury in China	3
Effects of community peer-led programmes for people with spinal cord injury in Sweden–the INTERnational project for the evaluation of active rehabilitation (INTER-PEER)	3
Association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio and pneumonia in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury	3
Unmet healthcare needs, access to services and experiences with health providers among persons with spinal cord injury in Australia	3
Surgical and clinical outcomes of ventral versus dorsal/lateral intradural extramedullary schwannomas: a retrospective comparative study	3
Retraction Note: Prevalence of prescribed opioid claims among persons with nontraumatic spinal cord dysfunction in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective cohort study	3
Orthotic walking outcome of persons with motor complete low thoracic spinal cord injury—a retrospective study	3
Pulmonary function and sarcopenia as predictors of dysphagia in cervical spinal cord injury	3
Assessment relationship between the femoral artery vasospasm and dorsal root ganglion cell degeneration in spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an experimental study	3
Melatonin secretion and sleep disorders in patients with spinal cord injuries	3
Arm-hand training strategies and therapy dose dimensions during the subacute rehabilitation of people with cervical spinal cord injury: a longitudinal observational study	3
The role of clinical and demographic predictors for understanding the cognitive impairment in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients	3
Targeting astrocyte-monocyte-neuron crosstalk in spinal cord injury: therapeutic insights from methyl gallate	3
Applicability of the AO Spine Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma (PROST) in people with motor-complete spinal cord injury: a cognitive interview study	3
Multimorbidity in persons with non-traumatic spinal cord injury and its impact on healthcare utilization and health outcomes	3
Comprehensive and person-centred approach in research: what is missing?	3
The effect of rurality and distance from care on health outcomes, environmental barriers, and healthcare utilization patterns in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury	3
White matter spinal tracts impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy evaluated with the magnetization transfer saturation MRI technique	3
Protocol for developing the nutrition dataset for the international spinal cord society: an international eDelphi approach	3
Urodynamic effect of vibegron on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in individuals with spinal cord injury: A retrospective study	3
Recent advances in nanoplatforms for the treatment of neuropathic pain	3
The Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction score (NBD) is not suitable for patients with multiple sclerosis	3
Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and minimal detectable change (MDC) of Spinal Cord Ability Ruler (SCAR)	3
Ethical issues and dilemmas in spinal cord injury rehabilitation in the developing world: a mixed-method study	3
Management of mild degenerative cervical myelopathy and asymptomatic spinal cord compression: an international survey	3
The experiences of people with incomplete spinal cord injury or disease during intensive balance training and the impact of the program: A qualitative study	3
Validity and reliability study of a novel surface electromyography sensor using a well-consolidated electromyography system in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury	3
Effect of posterior decompression with and without fixation on a kyphotic cervical spine with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament	3
Spinal cord injury etiology, severity, and care in East Asia: a cross-sectional analysis of the International Spinal Cord Society Database Project	3
What do X-ray images of the bladder during video urodynamics show us in patients with spinal cord injury?	3
Comparison of surgical and clinical outcomes between ventral and dorsal/lateral thoracic intradural extramedullary meningiomas: a retrospective study	2
Effectiveness of biomaterial-based combination strategies for spinal cord repair – a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical literature	2
Nerve transfers to anterior interosseous nerve for restoration of finger flexion in spinal cord and brachial plexus injury: a systematic Review and individual-patient-data meta-analysis	2
Early and intensive motor training to enhance neurological recovery in people with spinal cord injury: trial protocol	2
Role of magnetic resonance imaging features in diagnosing and localization of disc rupture related to cervical spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities	2
Long-term trends and risk factors of tracheostomy and decannulation in patients with cervical spinal cord Injury	2
Walking improvement in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury with exoskeleton robotic training (WISE): a randomized controlled trial	2
Bibliometric analysis of research on spinal cord and sacral neuromodulation in spinal cord injury	2
Correspondence to “Walking improvement in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury with exoskeleton robotic training (WISE): a randomized controlled trial”	2
How many cases of spinal intramedullary ependymoma surgery are required to achieve stability? - Analysis using X-bar charts	2
Pneumonia history and long-term impact on people with traumatic spinal cord injury: A 5-year cohort study	2
Are micro enemas administered with a squeeze tube and a 5 cm-long nozzle as good or better than micro enemas administered with a 10 cm-long catheter attached to a syringe in people with a recent spina	2
Motor functional recovery efficacy of scaffolds with bone marrow stem cells in rat spinal cord injury: a Bayesian network meta-analysis	2
A home-based self-directed EEG neurofeedback intervention for people with chronic neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (the StoPain Trial): description of the intervention	2
Correction: Evaluating the role of social media in providing support for family caregivers of individuals with spinal cord injury	2
Urologic surveillance of persons with spinal cord injuries – a scoping review	2
Psychological morbidity following spinal cord injury and among those without spinal cord injury: the impact of chronic centralized and neuropathic pain	2
“What should a rehabilitation hospital be like?” Priorities and expectations of people with spinal cord injury in Türkiye	2
Grasp and Release Test for Tetraplegic Hand Assessment: an update of the Grasp and Release Test	2
Interaction between injury severity and rehabilitation intervention on independence in activities of daily living in persons with spinal cord injury	2
Acute hyperextension myelopathy in children: Radiographic predictors of clinical improvement	2
Comparison of surgical outcomes of posterior surgeries between cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament	2
Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and autophagy markers in the bladder of rats with neurogenic lower urinary tract injury	2
Efficacy and safety of mirabegron for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in adults with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis: a systematic review	2
Validity and reliability of the 2-minute walk test in individuals with spinal cord injury	2
Focus on afferent sensory nervous pathways of the lower urinary tract after SCI. Tribute to Sir Ludwig Guttmann	2
Autonomic impairment is not explained by neurological level of injury or motor-sensory completeness	2
The relationship between health behaviors and emergency department visits and hospitalizations after traumatic spinal cord injury	2
Application of the T1w/T2w mapping technique for spinal cord assessment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy	2
The spinal cord injury (SCI) peer support evaluation tool: the development of a tool to assess outcomes of peer support programs within SCI community-based organizations	2
Safety and efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in upper extremity rehabilitation after tetraplegia: protocol of a multicenter randomized, clinical trial	2
The effect of device-based neuromodulation on the motor recovery of patients with spinal cord injury	2
Preliminary field validity of ActiGraph-based energy expenditure estimation in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury	2
Features of registered clinical trials and associated papers on physical activity involving people with spinal cord injury	2
The two questions we’re not asking: Depression screening in spinal cord injury	2
Motor-cognitive interaction in adults with spina bifida: dual-task effects	2
Are local analgesics effective in reducing autonomic dysreflexia in individuals with spinal cord injury? A systematic review	2
Perceptions of a self-guided web-based exercise programme for shoulder pain after spinal cord injury: A qualitative study	2
Tract-specific magnetization transfer ratio provides insights into the severity of degenerative cervical myelopathy	2
Systematic review of the changes in the microbiome following spinal cord injury: animal and human evidence	2
A nomogram for predicting the hospital-acquired infections in children with spinal cord injuries: a retrospective, multicenter, observational study	2