Empirical Software Engineering

Article	Citations
Unveiling overlooked performance variance in serverless computing	173
Assessing the adoption of security policies by developers in terraform across different cloud providers	103
GitHub Actions: The Impact on the Pull Request Process	78
A fine-grained data set and analysis of tangling in bug fixing commits	68
Finding the sweet spot for organizational control and team autonomy in large-scale agile software development	56
Fixing Dockerfile smells: an empirical study	54
Calling relationship investigation and application on Ethereum Blockchain System	54
UPC sentinel: An accurate approach for detecting upgradeability proxy contracts in Ethereum	49
Reflections on the Empirical Software Engineering journal	45
Adversarial domain adaptation for cross-project defect prediction	43
A review of automatic source code summarization	43
Introduction to the special issue on program comprehension	42
A machine and deep learning analysis among SonarQube rules, product, and process metrics for fault prediction	42
Assessing exception handling testing practices in open-source libraries	38
Transformers and meta-tokenization in sentiment analysis for software engineering	35
Explainable automated debugging via large language model-driven scientific debugging	34
Prioritizing code review requests to improve review efficiency: a simulation study	33
A fine-grained evaluation of mutation operators to boost mutation testing for deep learning systems	33
Hold on! is my feedback useful? evaluating the usefulness of code review comments	32
Computation offloading for ground robotic systems communicating over WiFi – an empirical exploration on performance and energy trade-offs	32
An empirical study on release notes patterns of popular apps in the Google Play Store	32
Evaluating the robustness of source code plagiarism detection tools to pervasive plagiarism-hiding modifications	31
Detection and evaluation of bias-inducing features in machine learning	30
APR4Vul: an empirical study of automatic program repair techniques on real-world Java vulnerabilities	28
Reviewing rounds prediction for code patches	27

Software development metrics: to VR or not to VR	27
SAFe transformation in a large financial corporation	27
Using Screenshot Attachments in Issue Reports for Triaging	26
Rap4DQ: Learning to recommend relevant API documentation for developer questions	25
A controlled experiment on the impact of microtasking on programming	25
An empirical study on self-admitted technical debt in Dockerfiles	25
A comprehensive overview of software product management challenges	25
Using code reviews to automatically configure static analysis tools	24
Development effort estimation in free/open source software from activity in version control systems	24
Mutation testing in the wild: findings from GitHub	23
Upstream bug management in Linux distributions	23
Path context augmented statement and network for learning programs	22
An empirical study of issue-link algorithms: which issue-link algorithms should we use?	22
Dependabot and security pull requests: large empirical study	22
Predicting health indicators for open source projects (using hyperparameter optimization)	21
Newcomer OSS-Candidates: Characterizing Contributions of Novice Developers to GitHub	21
18 million links in commit messages: purpose, evolution, and decay	21
Supporting single responsibility through automated extract method refactoring	21
Understanding code smells in Elixir functional language	21
On the spread and evolution of dead methods in Java desktop applications: an exploratory study	21
Toward effective secure code reviews: an empirical study of security-related coding weaknesses	20
Towards automatic labeling of exception handling bugs: A case study of 10 years bug-fixing in Apache Hadoop	20
Enhancing robustness of AI offensive code generators via data augmentation	20
A study of documentation for software architecture	19
The human experience of comprehending source code in virtual reality	19
Can static analysis tools find more defects?	19
A study of common bug fix patterns in Rust	19
Seeing confusion through a new lens: on the impact of atoms of confusion on novices’ code comprehension	19
Optimal priority assignment for real-time systems: a coevolution-based approach	19
How Scrum adds value to achieving software quality?	19
Static test flakiness prediction: How Far Can We Go?	18
A syntax-guided multi-task learning approach for Turducken-style code generation	18
Static analysis driven enhancements for comprehension in machine learning notebooks	18
Pitfalls and guidelines for using time-based Git data	18
TestEvoViz: visualizing genetically-based test coverage evolution	18
OpenSCV: an open hierarchical taxonomy for smart contract vulnerabilities	18
Do Agile scaling approaches make a difference? an empirical comparison of team effectiveness across popular scaling approaches	18
Sources of software development task friction	18
Learning to Predict Code Review Completion Time In Modern Code Review	18
VaryMinions: leveraging RNNs to identify variants in variability-intensive systems’ logs	17
CyberSAGE: The cyber security argument graph evaluation tool	17
Towards Trusted Smart Contracts: A Comprehensive Test Suite For Vulnerability Detection	17
On the adoption and effects of source code reuse on defect proneness and maintenance effort	17
An empirical study on the effectiveness of large language models for SATD identification and classification	17
Does the first response matter for future contributions? A study of first contributions	17
DDImage: an image reduction based approach for automatically explaining black-box classifiers	16
Augmented testing to support manual GUI-based regression testing: An empirical study	16
Towards enhancing the reproducibility of deep learning bugs: an empirical study	16
Cross-project defect prediction via semantic and syntactic encoding	16
CloneRipples: predicting change propagation between code clone instances by graph-based deep learning	16

An empirical study on API usages from code search engine and local library	16
Using knowledge units of programming languages to recommend reviewers for pull requests: an empirical study	15
The software heritage license dataset (2022 edition)	15
Performance evolution of configurable software systems: an empirical study	15
An empirical study into the effects of transpilation on quantum circuit smells	15
Dynamical analysis of diversity in rule-based open source network intrusion detection systems	15
Measuring model alignment for code clone detection using causal interpretation	15
An empirical study of business process models and model clones on GitHub	15
Breaking bad? Semantic versioning and impact of breaking changes in Maven Central	14
Styler: learning formatting conventions to repair Checkstyle violations	14
Effects of variability in models: a family of experiments	14
Revisiting reopened bugs in open source software systems	14
An empirical study on the use of SZZ for identifying inducing changes of non-functional bugs	13
Efficient static analysis and verification of featured transition systems	13
Consensus task interaction trace recommender to guide developers’ software navigation	13
Will you come back to contribute? Investigating the inactivity of OSS core developers in GitHub	13
Understanding the characteristics and the role of visual issue reports	13
HyperPUT: generating synthetic faulty programs to challenge bug-finding tools	13
Analysing Time-Stamped Co-Editing Networks in Software Development Teams using git2net	13
VEER: enhancing the interpretability of model-based optimizations	13
A multi-model framework for semantically enhancing detection of quality-related bug report descriptions	13
An extensive replication study of the ABLoTS approach for bug localization	13
Demystifying API misuses in deep learning applications	13
E-APR: Mapping the effectiveness of automated program repair techniques	13
Evaluating software user feedback classifier performance on unseen apps, datasets, and metadata	13
DebtFree: minimizing labeling cost in self-admitted technical debt identification using semi-supervised learning	13
An empirical study of same-day releases of popular packages in the npm ecosystem	13
Seeing the invisible: test prioritization for object detection system	12
Analyzing source code vulnerabilities in the D2A dataset with ML ensembles and C-BERT	12
An empirical study of IoT topics in IoT developer discussions on Stack Overflow	12
An empirical study of the effectiveness of IR-based bug localization for large-scale industrial projects	12
The best ends by the best means: ethical concerns in app reviews	12
Enhancing the defectiveness prediction of methods and classes via JIT	12
More than React: Investigating the Role of Emoji Reaction in GitHub Pull Requests	12
Correction to: Towards a recipe for language decomposition: quality assessment of language product lines	12
Evaluating few-shot and contrastive learning methods for code clone detection	12
On the effectiveness of log representation for log-based anomaly detection	12
Propagating frugal user feedback through closeness of code dependencies to improve IR-based traceability recovery	11
TCTracer: Establishing test-to-code traceability links using dynamic and static techniques	11
Promises and challenges of microservices: an exploratory study	11
SoftNER: Mining knowledge graphs from cloud incidents	11
Bugs in machine learning-based systems: a faultload benchmark	11
Challenges in software model reuse: cross application domain vs. cross modeling paradigm	11
Learning from what we know: How to perform vulnerability prediction using noisy historical data	11
CsmithEdge: more effective compiler testing by handling undefined behaviour less conservatively	11
Assessing practitioner beliefs about software engineering	11
Maintenance-related concerns for post-deployed Ethereum smart contract development: issues, techniques, and future challenges	11
“More Than Deep Learning”: post-processing for API sequence recommendation	11
What have we learned? A conceptual framework on New Zealand software professionals and companies’ response to COVID-19	11
Modeling function-level interactions for file-level bug localization	11
Studying the impact of risk assessment analytics on risk awareness and code review performance	10
The upper bound of information diffusion in code review	10
Governing the commons: code ownership and code-clones in large-scale software development	10
Empirically evaluating flaky test detection techniques combining test case rerunning and machine learning models	10
Mutation analysis for evaluating code translation	10
Understanding and effectively mitigating code review anxiety	10
Large scale reuse of microservices using CI/CD and InnerSource practices - a case study	10
An empirical comparison of ethnic and gender diversity of DevOps and non-DevOps contributions to open-source projects	10
Can instability variations warn developers when open-source projects boost?	10
Predicting merge conflicts considering social and technical assets	10
Adopting automated bug assignment in practice — a longitudinal case study at Ericsson	10
The untold impact of learning approaches on software fault-proneness predictions: an analysis of temporal aspects	10
A literature review and existing challenges on software logging practices	10
Analyzing the BizDev interface in an enterprise context: a case of developers acting in business	10
A qualitative study on refactorings induced by code review	10
What causes exceptions in machine learning applications? Mining machine learning-related stack traces on Stack Overflow	10
Collaboration failure analysis in cyber-physical system-of-systems using context fuzzy clustering	10
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s contribution to public code	10
Taxonomy of inline code comment smells	10
An empirical study on developers’ shared conversations with ChatGPT in GitHub pull requests and issues	10
The broken windows theory applies to technical debt	10
Code smells detection via modern code review: a study of the OpenStack and Qt communities	9
On the use of commit-relevant mutants	9
Comparing ϕ and the F-measure as performance metrics for software-related classifications	9
Topic recommendation for software repositories using multi-label classification algorithms	9
Automatic team recommendation for collaborative software development	9
Weighted software metrics aggregation and its application to defect prediction	9
Exposed! A case study on the vulnerability-proneness of Google Play Apps	9
TaintBench: Automatic real-world malware benchmarking of Android taint analyses	9
GitHub Discussions: An exploratory study of early adoption	9

Studying differentiated code to support smart contract update	9
Towards cost-benefit evaluation for continuous software engineering activities	9
Genetic programming for feature model synthesis: a replication study	9
A requirements inspection method based on scenarios generated by model mutation and the experimental validation	9
Contrasting test selection, prioritization, and batch testing at scale	9
Two N-of-1 self-trials on readability differences between anonymous inner classes (AICs) and lambda expressions (LEs) on Java code snippets	9
Assessing the opportunity of combining state-of-the-art Android malware detectors	9
Crowdsmelling: A preliminary study on using collective knowledge in code smells detection	9
Uniform and scalable sampling of highly configurable systems	9
A qualitative study of developers’ discussions of their problems and joys during the early COVID-19 months	9
Measuring affective states from technical debt	9
Out of sight, out of mind? How vulnerable dependencies affect open-source projects	9
MLASP: Machine learning assisted capacity planning	9
Cross-status communication and project outcomes in OSS development	9
TraceSim: An Alignment Method for Computing Stack Trace Similarity	9
On the preferences of quality indicators for multi-objective search algorithms in search-based software engineering	8
Model vs system level testing of autonomous driving systems: a replication and extension study	8
Workflow analysis of data science code in public GitHub repositories	8
Do explicit review strategies improve code review performance? Towards understanding the role of cognitive load	8
Analyzing Techniques for Duplicate Question Detection on Q&A Websites for Game Developers	8
Leveraging Stack Overflow to detect relevant tutorial fragments of APIs	8
FIXME: synchronize with database! An empirical study of data access self-admitted technical debt	8
Deep learning techniques to detect cybersecurity attacks: a systematic mapping study	8
From guidelines to practice: assessing Android app developer compliance with google’s security recommendations	8
Free open source communities sustainability: Does it make a difference in software quality?	8
Agile software development one year into the COVID-19 pandemic	8
Assessing the exposure of software changes	8
Refactoring practices in the context of data-intensive systems	8
Automatic bi-modal question title generation for Stack Overflow with prompt learning	8
Testing the past: can we still run tests in past snapshots for Java projects?	8
Practitioner’s view of the success factors for software outsourcing partnership formation: an empirical exploration	8
PTM4Tag+: Tag recommendation of stack overflow posts with pre-trained models	7
On the adequacy of static analysis warnings with respect to code smell prediction	7
Understanding developers’ privacy and security mindsets via climate theory	7
Automatic prediction of rejected edits in Stack Overflow	7
Lightweight precise automatic extraction of exception preconditions in java methods	7
Using acceptance tests to predict merge conflict risk	7
Revisiting the debate: Are code metrics useful for measuring maintenance effort?	7
Studying the characteristics of AIOps projects on GitHub	7
Evaluating refactorings for disciplining #ifdef annotations: An eye tracking study with novices	7
Inter-team communication in large-scale co-located software engineering: a case study	7
App review driven collaborative bug finding	7
Conclusion stability for natural language based mining of design discussions	7
The impact of a continuous integration service on the delivery time of merged pull requests	7
How do ML practitioners perceive explainability? an interview study of practices and challenges	7
A Hybrid Distributed EA Approach for Energy Optimisation on Smartphones	7
We do not understand what it says – studying student perceptions of software modelling	7
How do developers use type inference: an exploratory study in Kotlin	7
A fine-grained taxonomy of code review feedback in TypeScript projects	7
The impact of class imbalance techniques on crashing fault residence prediction models	7
Towards understanding quality challenges of the federated learning for neural networks: a first look from the lens of robustness	7
Beyond the virus: a first look at coronavirus-themed Android malware	7
Evaluating the impact of flaky simulators on testing autonomous driving systems	7
Exploring the relationship between performance metrics and cost saving potential of defect prediction models	7
When conversations turn into work: a taxonomy of converted discussions and issues in GitHub	7
Story points changes in agile iterative development	7
Demystifying code snippets in code reviews: a study of the OpenStack and Qt communities and a practitioner survey	7
Developers’ perception matters: machine learning to detect developer-sensitive smells	7
Developer reactions to protestware in open source software: the cases of color.js and es5.ext	7
Advantages and disadvantages of (dedicated) model transformation languages	6
Guest editorial: special issue on empirical software engineering and measurement	6
BTLink : automatic link recovery between issues and commits based on pre-trained BERT model	6
A theory of factors affecting continuous experimentation (FACE)	6
Silent bugs in deep learning frameworks: an empirical study of Keras and TensorFlow	6
Analysis of a many-objective optimization approach for identifying microservices from legacy systems	6
What constitutes debugging? An exploratory study of debugging episodes	6
Motivating members’ involvement to effectually conduct collaborative software process tailoring	6
Harnessing pre-trained generalist agents for software engineering tasks	6
Smells in system user interactive tests	6
Examining ownership models in software teams	6
Does agile methodology fit all characteristics of software projects? Review and analysis	6
On the impact of security vulnerabilities in the npm and RubyGems dependency networks	6
SPVF: security property assisted vulnerability fixing via attention-based models	6
The effects of continuous integration on software development: a systematic literature review	6
Type-migrating C-to-Rust translation using a large language model	6
Transformer-based code model with compressed hierarchy representation	6
Investigating the readability of test code	6
An empirical study on the usage of mocking frameworks in Apache software foundation	6
Deep learning based identification of inconsistent method names: How far are we?	6
Predicting sensitive information leakage in IoT applications using flows-aware machine learning approach	6
Preface to the Special issue on the 36th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME 2020)	6
On the coordination of vulnerability fixes	6
A large scale analysis of mHealth app user reviews	6
Evaluating interactive documentation for programmers	6
Responding to change over time: A longitudinal case study on changes in coordination mechanisms in large-scale agile	6
Automated test generation for Scratch programs	6
Automatic identification of self-admitted technical debt from four different sources	6
Static detection of equivalent mutants in real-time model-based mutation testing	5
An empirical study of task infections in Ansible scripts	5
Energy efficiency of the Visitor Pattern: contrasting Java and C++ implementations	5
Analysing app reviews for software engineering: a systematic literature review	5
Visualizing the customization endeavor in product-based-evolving software product lines: a case of action design research	5
Improving the quality of software issue report descriptions in Turkish: An industrial case study at Softtech	5
Towards graph-anonymization of software analytics data: empirical study on JIT defect prediction	5
How far are we with automated machine learning? characterization and challenges of AutoML toolkits	5