Empirical Software Engineering

Article	Citations
Introduction to the special issue on program comprehension	203
An empirical study on the effectiveness of large language models for SATD identification and classification	96
Optimal priority assignment for real-time systems: a coevolution-based approach	81
Consensus task interaction trace recommender to guide developers’ software navigation	64
Effects of variability in models: a family of experiments	64
On the adoption and effects of source code reuse on defect proneness and maintenance effort	63
Path context augmented statement and network for learning programs	63
Does the first response matter for future contributions? A study of first contributions	58
Dynamical analysis of diversity in rule-based open source network intrusion detection systems	57
The human experience of comprehending source code in virtual reality	50
More than React: Investigating the Role of Emoji Reaction in GitHub Pull Requests	44
Can static analysis tools find more defects?	44
Toward effective secure code reviews: an empirical study of security-related coding weaknesses	41
An empirical study of IoT topics in IoT developer discussions on Stack Overflow	40
Understanding the characteristics and the role of visual issue reports	40
Seeing the invisible: test prioritization for object detection system	39
A study of documentation for software architecture	38
Evaluating few-shot and contrastive learning methods for code clone detection	35
Efficient static analysis and verification of featured transition systems	34
TestEvoViz: visualizing genetically-based test coverage evolution	33
Evaluating software user feedback classifier performance on unseen apps, datasets, and metadata	32
Smells in system user interactive tests	32
Bugs in machine learning-based systems: a faultload benchmark	32
Cross-status communication and project outcomes in OSS development	31
A fine-grained taxonomy of code review feedback in TypeScript projects	30

Collaboration failure analysis in cyber-physical system-of-systems using context fuzzy clustering	30
The impact of class imbalance techniques on crashing fault residence prediction models	29
App review driven collaborative bug finding	28
What causes exceptions in machine learning applications? Mining machine learning-related stack traces on Stack Overflow	28
On the use of commit-relevant mutants	28
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s contribution to public code	28
Testing the past: can we still run tests in past snapshots for Java projects?	28
Automated test generation for Scratch programs	27
Deep learning techniques to detect cybersecurity attacks: a systematic mapping study	27
Evaluating the impact of flaky simulators on testing autonomous driving systems	26
Towards cost-benefit evaluation for continuous software engineering activities	26
Developers’ perception matters: machine learning to detect developer-sensitive smells	26
Practitioner’s view of the success factors for software outsourcing partnership formation: an empirical exploration	26
Automatic prediction of rejected edits in Stack Overflow	24
BTLink : automatic link recovery between issues and commits based on pre-trained BERT model	24
On the impact of security vulnerabilities in the npm and RubyGems dependency networks	24
Deep learning based identification of inconsistent method names: How far are we?	24
How far are we with automated machine learning? characterization and challenges of AutoML toolkits	23
Experimental comparison of features, analyses, and classifiers for Android malware detection	23
Static detection of equivalent mutants in real-time model-based mutation testing	23
Visualizing the customization endeavor in product-based-evolving software product lines: a case of action design research	22
Indentation and reading time: a randomized control trial on the differences between generated indented and non-indented if-statements	22
An empirical evaluation of a novel domain-specific language – modelling vehicle routing problems with Athos	22
A grounded theory of community package maintenance organizations	22
On combining commit grouping and build skip prediction to reduce redundant continuous integration activity	21
Real world projects, real faults: evaluating spectrum based fault localization techniques on Python projects	21
The well-being of software engineers: a systematic literature review and a theory	21
How far are app secrets from being stolen? a case study on android	21
JNFuzz-Droid: a lightweight fuzzing and taint analysis framework for native code of Android applications	21
Securing dependencies: A comprehensive study of Dependabot’s impact on vulnerability mitigation	21
Advantages and disadvantages of (dedicated) model transformation languages	21
A configurable method for benchmarking scalability of cloud-native applications	20
A large-scale empirical study of commit message generation: models, datasets and evaluation	20
An empirical study of the impact of log parsers on the performance of log-based anomaly detection	20
An empirical study of untangling patterns of two-class dependency cycles	20
Code reviews in open source projects : how do gender biases affect participation and outcomes?	20
An empirical study on the potential of word embedding techniques in bug report management tasks	20
Software product line testing: a systematic literature review	19
Towards a recipe for language decomposition: quality assessment of language product lines	19
Patterns of multi-container composition for service orchestration with Docker Compose	19
Demystifying regular expression bugs	19
Engineering recommender systems for modelling languages: concept, tool and evaluation	19
What really changes when developers intend to improve their source code: a commit-level study of static metric value and static analysis warning changes	19
LineFlowDP: A Deep Learning-Based Two-Phase Approach for Line-Level Defect Prediction	19
Lightweight dynamic build batching algorithms for continuous integration	18
A metrics-based approach for selecting among various refactoring candidates	18
Common challenges of deep reinforcement learning applications development: an empirical study	18
Systematic Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Log-based Failure Prediction	18
When less is more: on the value of “co-training” for semi-supervised software defect predictors	18
Take a deep breath: Benefits of neuroplasticity practices for software developers and computer workers in a family of experiments	18

On the Investigation of Empirical Contradictions - Aggregated Results of Local Studies on Readability and Comprehensibility of Source Code	18
OpTrans: enhancing binary code similarity detection with function inlining re-optimization	17
Software testing in the machine learning era	17
Mastering uncertainty in performance estimations of configurable software systems	17
Automated driver management for Selenium WebDriver	16
Gamification in software engineering: the mediating role of developer engagement and job satisfaction	16
An investigation of online and offline learning models for online Just-in-Time Software Defect Prediction	16
Semantic matching in GUI test reuse	16
RAG-Driven multiple assertions generation with large language models	16
Comparing effectiveness and efficiency of Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST) and Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP) tools in a large java-based system	16
Präzi: from package-based to call-based dependency networks	16
Is GitHub’s Copilot as bad as humans at introducing vulnerabilities in code?	15
What kinds of contracts do ML APIs need?	15
Language usage analysis for EMF metamodels on GitHub	15
An empirical study of Q&A websites for game developers	15
Can the configuration of static analyses make resolving security vulnerabilities more effective? - A user study	15
Test smells 20 years later: detectability, validity, and reliability	15
Program transformation landscapes for automated program modification using Gin	14
A study of how Docker Compose is used to compose multi-component systems	14
SmartFast: an accurate and robust formal analysis tool for Ethereum smart contracts	14
Studying the explanations for the automated prediction of bug and non-bug issues using LIME and SHAP	14
Correction to: Examining ownership models in software teams	14
Applying bayesian data analysis for causal inference about requirements quality: a controlled experiment	14
Defect prediction using deep learning with Network Portrait Divergence for software evolution	14
Which design decisions in AI-enabled mobile applications contribute to greener AI?	14
Challenges and practices of deep learning model reengineering: A case study on computer vision	14
Toward granular search-based automatic unit test case generation	14
Why secret detection tools are not enough: It’s not just about false positives - An industrial case study	14
Prioritizing test cases for deep learning-based video classifiers	14
Semantically-enhanced topic recommendation systems for software projects	14
Reflections on the Empirical Software Engineering journal	13
Static analysis driven enhancements for comprehension in machine learning notebooks	13
Correction to: Towards a recipe for language decomposition: quality assessment of language product lines	13
A multi-model framework for semantically enhancing detection of quality-related bug report descriptions	13
A controlled experiment on the impact of microtasking on programming	13
E-APR: Mapping the effectiveness of automated program repair techniques	13
Experimental Evaluation of a Checklist-Based Inspection Technique to Verify the Compliance of Software Systems with the Brazilian General Data Protection Law	13
DDImage: an image reduction based approach for automatically explaining black-box classifiers	13
Demystifying API misuses in deep learning applications	13
A comprehensive overview of software product management challenges	13
Finding the sweet spot for organizational control and team autonomy in large-scale agile software development	12
An empirical study on self-admitted technical debt in Dockerfiles	12
Modeling function-level interactions for file-level bug localization	12
A fine-grained data set and analysis of tangling in bug fixing commits	12
CsmithEdge: more effective compiler testing by handling undefined behaviour less conservatively	12
Styler: learning formatting conventions to repair Checkstyle violations	12
Fixing Dockerfile smells: an empirical study	12
Cross-project defect prediction via semantic and syntactic encoding	12
What have we learned? A conceptual framework on New Zealand software professionals and companies’ response to COVID-19	11
Propagating frugal user feedback through closeness of code dependencies to improve IR-based traceability recovery	11
An empirical study of same-day releases of popular packages in the npm ecosystem	11
SoftNER: Mining knowledge graphs from cloud incidents	11
CyberSAGE: The cyber security argument graph evaluation tool	11
Learning to Predict Code Review Completion Time In Modern Code Review	11
Towards automatic labeling of exception handling bugs: A case study of 10 years bug-fixing in Apache Hadoop	11
Explainable automated debugging via large language model-driven scientific debugging	11
A qualitative study on refactorings induced by code review	11
Seeing confusion through a new lens: on the impact of atoms of confusion on novices’ code comprehension	11
On the spread and evolution of dead methods in Java desktop applications: an exploratory study	11
Unveiling overlooked performance variance in serverless computing	11
APR4Vul: an empirical study of automatic program repair techniques on real-world Java vulnerabilities	11
A fine-grained evaluation of mutation operators to boost mutation testing for deep learning systems	11
From guidelines to practice: assessing Android app developer compliance with google’s security recommendations	10
A qualitative study of developers’ discussions of their problems and joys during the early COVID-19 months	10
Inter-team communication in large-scale co-located software engineering: a case study	10
Empirically evaluating flaky test detection techniques combining test case rerunning and machine learning models	10
Understanding and effectively mitigating code review anxiety	10
Two N-of-1 self-trials on readability differences between anonymous inner classes (AICs) and lambda expressions (LEs) on Java code snippets	10
Transformer-based code model with compressed hierarchy representation	10
Silent bugs in deep learning frameworks: an empirical study of Keras and TensorFlow	10
Studying differentiated code to support smart contract update	10
Predicting merge conflicts considering social and technical assets	10
Refactoring practices in the context of data-intensive systems	10
Assessing the exposure of software changes	10
Navigating fairness: practitioners’ understanding, challenges, and strategies in AI/ML development	10
Story points changes in agile iterative development	10
Extracting enhanced artificial intelligence model metadata from software repositories	9
IRJIT: A simple, online, information retrieval approach for just-in-time software defect prediction	9
Agile software development one year into the COVID-19 pandemic	9
Detecting data manipulation errors in android applications using scene-guided exploration	9

The forgotten role of search queries in IR-based bug localization: an empirical study	9
Deep learning approaches for bad smell detection: a systematic literature review	9
Come for syntax, stay for speed, write secure code: an empirical study of security weaknesses in Julia programs	9
How do i refactor this? An empirical study on refactoring trends and topics in Stack Overflow	9
An empirical study of the systemic and technical migration towards microservices	9
Multi-granular software annotation using file-level weak labelling	9
GitHub Discussions: An exploratory study of early adoption	9
Model vs system level testing of autonomous driving systems: a replication and extension study	9
Studying the characteristics of AIOps projects on GitHub	9
On the assignment of commits to releases	9
A comprehensive study of machine learning techniques for log-based anomaly detection	9
Industrial adoption of machine learning techniques for early identification of invalid bug reports	9
Evaluating pre-trained models for user feedback analysis in software engineering: a study on classification of app-reviews	9
Characterizing refactoring graphs in Java and JavaScript projects	9
Towards understanding quality challenges of the federated learning for neural networks: a first look from the lens of robustness	9
Automatic bi-modal question title generation for Stack Overflow with prompt learning	9
How to cherry pick the bug report for better summarization?	9
Toward a theory on programmer’s block inspired by writer’s block	9
What happens in my code reviews? An investigation on automatically classifying review changes	9
Can search-based testing with pareto optimization effectively cover failure-revealing test inputs?	9
Machine learning-based test smell detection	9
An empirical study on developers’ shared conversations with ChatGPT in GitHub pull requests and issues	9