OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Ethics and Information Technology is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-01-01 to 2026-01-01.)

Article	Citations
An Ellulian analysis of propaganda in the context of generative AI	224
AI responsibility gap: not new, inevitable, unproblematic	136
ChatGPT is incredible (at being average)	82
Correction: Beyond transparency and explainability: on the need for adequate and contextualized user guidelines for LLM use	70
Gamification and the virtue of perspective	66
Epistemo-ethical constraints on AI-human decision making for diagnostic purposes	56
Military robots should not look like a humans	48
Socially Disruptive Technologies and Conceptual Engineering	41
The Right to Break the Law? Perfect Enforcement of the Law Using Technology Impedes the Development of Legal Systems	40
Autonomous weapon systems impact on incidence of armed conflict: rejecting the ‘lower threshold for war argument’	39
Disembodied friendship: virtual friends and the tendencies of technologically mediated friendship	38
Navigating the social dilemma of autonomous systems: normative and applied arguments	37
Conceptualizing understanding in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): an abilities-based approach	35
Closing the responsibility gap: allocating responsibility according to prerequisite control and expectations for personal benefits	35
Why converging technologies need converging international regulation	33
Correction: ChatGPT is bullshit	33
Responsible guidelines for authorship attribution tasks in NLP	31
Legal and ethical implications of autonomous cyber capabilities: a call for retaining human control in cyberspace	30
Life after privacy: reclaiming democracy in a surveillance society	30
Tracing app technology: an ethical review in the COVID-19 era and directions for post-COVID-19	29
Engineering responsibility	27
Legal reviews of in situ learning in autonomous weapons	27
Contextual negation by moral opposition: rethinking the ethics of (Rape) simulations	27
A data-centric approach for ethical and trustworthy AI in journalism	25
Deny, dismiss and downplay: developers’ attitudes towards risk and their role in risk creation in the field of healthcare-AI	24

Ethical responsibility and computational design: bespoke surgical tools as an instructive case study	23
Technologically mediated encounters with ‘nature’	23
Technology and moral change: the transformation of truth and trust	23
Calibrating machine behavior: a challenge for AI alignment	21
Socially disruptive technologies and epistemic injustice	21
The global diplomacy of governing military artificial intelligence	21
Of machines and men: Attributions of moral responsibility in AI-assisted warfare	20
Establishing human responsibility and accountability at early stages of the lifecycle for AI-based defence systems	20
Humans, Neanderthals, robots and rights	19
Correction to: Ensuring the exercise of human agency in AI-based military systems: concerns across the lifecycle	19
Design culture for Sustainable urban artificial intelligence: Bruno Latour and the search for a different AI urbanism	18
The irresponsibility of not using AI in the military	18
Mechanic citizenship: Boston Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics and the constitution of digital citizens	18
Legitimacy and automated decisions: the moral limits of algocracy	17
The need for and nature of a normative, cultural psychology of weaponized AI (artificial intelligence)	17
Autonomous Military Systems: collective responsibility and distributed burdens	17
Use case cards: a use case reporting framework inspired by the European AI Act	17
Ethical implications of fairness interventions: what might be hidden behind engineering choices?	17
When work becomes a game: the moral costs of gamified labor	16
Reasons underdetermination in meaningful human control	16
Disruptive technologies, engineered concepts, and normative guidance	16
Enabling Fairness in Healthcare Through Machine Learning	16
The video gamer’s dilemmas	16
AWS compliance with the ethical principle of proportionality: three possible solutions	16
A phenomenology and epistemology of large language models: transparency, trust, and trustworthiness	15
Smart cities as a testbed for experimenting with humans? - Applying psychological ethical guidelines to smart city interventions	15
ChatGPT is bullshit	15
Urban Digital Twins and metaverses towards city multiplicities: uniting or dividing urban experiences?	15
Negotiating becoming: a Nietzschean critique of large language models	14
Big data and the risk of misguided responsibilization	14
Is moral status done with words?	14
The rationality and morality of connecting quantum computers	14
All ‘Dark patterns’ Are ‘Hostile patterns’: A Hostility Framework for Understanding Problematic Digital Interfaces	13
Rethinking explainability: toward a postphenomenology of black-box artificial intelligence in medicine	12
Algorithmic decision-making employing profiling: will trade secrecy protection render the right to explanation toothless?	12
A values-based approach to designing military autonomous systems	12
The Ethics of AI in Human Resources	12
Generative AI models should include detection mechanisms as a condition for public release	12
The landscape of data and AI documentation approaches in the European policy context	12
Introduction to the topical collection on AI and responsibility	11
Correction: The repugnant resolution: has Coghlan & Cox resolved the Gamer’s Dilemma?	11
Cobots, “co-operation” and the replacement of human skill	10
Ethics of sleep tracking: techno-ethical particularities of consumer-led sleep-tracking with a focus on medicalization, vulnerability, and relationality	10
Enforcing ethical goals over reinforcement-learning policies	10
Public health measures and the rise of incidental surveillance: Considerations about private informational power and accountability	10
Digital temperance: adapting an ancient virtue for a technological age	10
Deconstructing controversies to design a trustworthy AI future	10
Vicarious liability: a solution to a problem of AI responsibility?	10
What responsibility gaps are and what they should be	10
A Capability Approach to worker dignity under Algorithmic Management	10

Autonomous weapon systems and responsibility gaps: a taxonomy	9
Correction to: Weapons of moral construction? On the value of fairness in algorithmic decision-making	9
Digital twins for children with rare diseases: an exploration of the legal and ethical issues	9
Lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS): meaningful human Control, collective moral responsibility and institutional design	9
Explanation and Agency: exploring the normative-epistemic landscape of the “Right to Explanation”	9
Explainable AI in the military domain	9
Operationalising responsible AI in the military domain: a context-specific assessment	9
Tailoring responsible research and innovation to the translational context: the case of AI-supported exergaming	9
Ethics of generative AI and manipulation: a design-oriented research agenda	9
Cognitive warfare: an ethical analysis	9
Framing the Gamer’s Dilemma	9
Automated opioid risk scores: a case for machine learning-induced epistemic injustice in healthcare	9
Gamer’s de se imaginative resistance: a descriptive–philosophical resolution to the gamer’s dilemma	8
Responsible scaling of artificial intelligence in healthcare: standardization meets customization	8
Dirty data labeled dirt cheap: epistemic injustice in machine learning systems	8
Responsible reliance concerning development and use of AI in the military domain	8
Role of emotions in responsible military AI	8
A systematic review of almost three decades of value sensitive design (VSD): what happened to the technical investigations?	8
Can we solve the Gamer’s Dilemma by resisting it?	8
Politiquette: Liberalism, identity, and free speech on AI-powered digital social media	8
Design for values and conceptual engineering	8
Conceptualizations of user autonomy within the normative evaluation of dark patterns	7
Artificial intelligence and responsibility gaps: what is the problem?	7
Correction to: the Ethics of AI in Human Resources	7
Transparency for AI systems: a value-based approach	7
Why a treaty on autonomous weapons is necessary and feasible	7
Ethics framework for predictive clinical AI model updating	6
Ludic resistance: a new solution to the gamer’s paradox	6
Mind the gap: bridging the divide between computer scientists and ethicists in shaping moral machines	6
AI and the need for justification (to the patient)	6
What is conceptual disruption?	6
Between death and suffering: resolving the gamer’s dilemma	6
Easy-read and large language models: on the ethical dimensions of LLM-based text simplification	6
Towards a comprehensive framework for ethical and responsible standardisation	6
AI gossip	6
Bringing values to standardisation: from policy concepts to a value-based framework for education about standardisation	6
Has the world gone botshit crazy? A response to the Frankfurtian critique of ChatGPT in higher education	6
Autonomy-supporting chatbots: Endorsing volitional behavior change	6
Policy advice and best practices on bias and fairness in AI	6
Diversity and language technology: how language modeling bias causes epistemic injustice	6
Explanatory pragmatism: a context-sensitive framework for explainable medical AI	6
Robots, institutional roles and joint action: some key ethical issues	5
Engineers on responsibility: feminist approaches to who’s responsible for ethical AI	5
Violent video games: content, attitudes, and norms	5
Human digital twins unlocking Society 5.0? Approaches, emerging risks and disruptions	5
A moving target in AI-assisted decision-making: dataset shift, model updating, and the problem of update opacity	5
Dual-use implications of AI text generation	5
Helpful, harmless, honest? Sociotechnical limits of AI alignment and safety through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback	5
Empathy training through virtual reality: moral enhancement with the freedom to fall?	5
Moral autonomy of patients and legal barriers to a possible duty of health related data sharing	5
Recommender systems as commercial speech: A framing for US legislation	5
Embracing grief in the age of deathbots: a temporary tool, not a permanent solution	5
Intended, afforded, and experienced serendipity: overcoming the paradox of artificial serendipity	5
Melting contestation: insurance fairness and machine learning	4
Socializing the political: rethinking filter bubbles and social media with Hannah Arendt	4
The contested role of AI ethics boards in smart societies: a step towards improvement based on board composition by sortition	4
Artificial intelligence and humanitarian obligations	4
Technology and pronouns: disrupting the ‘Natural Attitude about Gender’	4
Correction: Framing the Gamer’s Dilemma	4
The cognitive and moral harms of platform decay	4
Should we embrace “Big Sister”? Smart speakers as a means to combat intimate partner violence	4
The perfect technological storm: artificial intelligence and moral complacency	4
The value of responsibility gaps in algorithmic decision-making	4
Getting it right: the limits of fine-tuning large language models	4
Cut the crap: a critical response to “ChatGPT is bullshit”	4
Fiduciary requirements for virtual assistants	4
Military artificial intelligence as power: consideration for European Union actorness	4
LLMs beyond the lab: the ethics and epistemics of real-world AI research	4
Ethics of AI in Africa: Interrogating the role of Ubuntu and AI governance initiatives	4
The ethics of online steering	4
Trust in medical artificial intelligence: a discretionary account	4
The ethics of hacking. Ross W. Bellaby	4
Human achievement and artificial intelligence	4
Dating apps as tools for social engineering	4
Algorithmic legitimacy in clinical decision-making	4