OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Ethics and Information Technology is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-11-01 to 2025-11-01.)

Article	Citations
An Ellulian analysis of propaganda in the context of generative AI	191
Military robots should not look like a humans	129
AI responsibility gap: not new, inevitable, unproblematic	101
Epistemo-ethical constraints on AI-human decision making for diagnostic purposes	75
Socially Disruptive Technologies and Conceptual Engineering	60
Correction: Beyond transparency and explainability: on the need for adequate and contextualized user guidelines for LLM use	55
ChatGPT is incredible (at being average)	54
Correction: ChatGPT is bullshit	43
The Right to Break the Law? Perfect Enforcement of the Law Using Technology Impedes the Development of Legal Systems	39
Disembodied friendship: virtual friends and the tendencies of technologically mediated friendship	35
Autonomous weapon systems impact on incidence of armed conflict: rejecting the ‘lower threshold for war argument’	35
Conceptualizing understanding in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): an abilities-based approach	34
Why converging technologies need converging international regulation	34
Navigating the social dilemma of autonomous systems: normative and applied arguments	34
Engineering responsibility	31
Responsible guidelines for authorship attribution tasks in NLP	29
Legal and ethical implications of autonomous cyber capabilities: a call for retaining human control in cyberspace	29
Life after privacy: reclaiming democracy in a surveillance society	29
Legal reviews of in situ learning in autonomous weapons	29
Tracing app technology: an ethical review in the COVID-19 era and directions for post-COVID-19	28
Technology and moral change: the transformation of truth and trust	27
Deny, dismiss and downplay: developers’ attitudes towards risk and their role in risk creation in the field of healthcare-AI	25
A data-centric approach for ethical and trustworthy AI in journalism	24
Technologically mediated encounters with ‘nature’	23
Design culture for Sustainable urban artificial intelligence: Bruno Latour and the search for a different AI urbanism	22

Of machines and men: Attributions of moral responsibility in AI-assisted warfare	22
Establishing human responsibility and accountability at early stages of the lifecycle for AI-based defence systems	21
Socially disruptive technologies and epistemic injustice	20
The global diplomacy of governing military artificial intelligence	20
Calibrating machine behavior: a challenge for AI alignment	20
Ethical responsibility and computational design: bespoke surgical tools as an instructive case study	20
Humans, Neanderthals, robots and rights	19
The irresponsibility of not using AI in the military	18
Legitimacy and automated decisions: the moral limits of algocracy	17
Mechanic citizenship: Boston Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics and the constitution of digital citizens	17
The need for and nature of a normative, cultural psychology of weaponized AI (artificial intelligence)	16
Ethical implications of fairness interventions: what might be hidden behind engineering choices?	16
Use case cards: a use case reporting framework inspired by the European AI Act	16
Smart cities as a testbed for experimenting with humans? - Applying psychological ethical guidelines to smart city interventions	15
The video gamer’s dilemmas	15
Enabling Fairness in Healthcare Through Machine Learning	15
A phenomenology and epistemology of large language models: transparency, trust, and trustworthiness	15
Reasons underdetermination in meaningful human control	15
Autonomous Military Systems: collective responsibility and distributed burdens	15
AWS compliance with the ethical principle of proportionality: three possible solutions	15
ChatGPT is bullshit	14
Urban Digital Twins and metaverses towards city multiplicities: uniting or dividing urban experiences?	14
Big data and the risk of misguided responsibilization	13
Generative AI models should include detection mechanisms as a condition for public release	13
Is moral status done with words?	13
Algorithmic decision-making employing profiling: will trade secrecy protection render the right to explanation toothless?	13
Rethinking explainability: toward a postphenomenology of black-box artificial intelligence in medicine	12
The rationality and morality of connecting quantum computers	12
All ‘Dark patterns’ Are ‘Hostile patterns’: A Hostility Framework for Understanding Problematic Digital Interfaces	12
Negotiating becoming: a Nietzschean critique of large language models	12
The landscape of data and AI documentation approaches in the European policy context	12
The Ethics of AI in Human Resources	12
Digital temperance: adapting an ancient virtue for a technological age	11
Introduction to the topical collection on AI and responsibility	11
What responsibility gaps are and what they should be	11
A values-based approach to designing military autonomous systems	11
Correction: The repugnant resolution: has Coghlan & Cox resolved the Gamer’s Dilemma?	11
Vicarious liability: a solution to a problem of AI responsibility?	10
Enforcing ethical goals over reinforcement-learning policies	10
Public health measures and the rise of incidental surveillance: Considerations about private informational power and accountability	10
Deconstructing controversies to design a trustworthy AI future	10
Cobots, “co-operation” and the replacement of human skill	10
Autonomous weapon systems and responsibility gaps: a taxonomy	10
Cognitive warfare: an ethical analysis	9
Ethics of generative AI and manipulation: a design-oriented research agenda	9
Correction to: Weapons of moral construction? On the value of fairness in algorithmic decision-making	9
A Capability Approach to worker dignity under Algorithmic Management	9
Ethics of sleep tracking: techno-ethical particularities of consumer-led sleep-tracking with a focus on medicalization, vulnerability, and relationality	9
Design for values and conceptual engineering	9
Explainable AI in the military domain	9

Explanation and Agency: exploring the normative-epistemic landscape of the “Right to Explanation”	9
Digital twins for children with rare diseases: an exploration of the legal and ethical issues	8
Responsible scaling of artificial intelligence in healthcare: standardization meets customization	8
Lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS): meaningful human Control, collective moral responsibility and institutional design	8
Framing the Gamer’s Dilemma	8
Tailoring responsible research and innovation to the translational context: the case of AI-supported exergaming	8
Transparency for AI systems: a value-based approach	8
Automated opioid risk scores: a case for machine learning-induced epistemic injustice in healthcare	8
Operationalising responsible AI in the military domain: a context-specific assessment	8
Responsible reliance concerning development and use of AI in the military domain	8
Artificial intelligence and responsibility gaps: what is the problem?	7
Dirty data labeled dirt cheap: epistemic injustice in machine learning systems	7
Why a treaty on autonomous weapons is necessary and feasible	7
Ludic resistance: a new solution to the gamer’s paradox	7
Can we solve the Gamer’s Dilemma by resisting it?	7
A systematic review of almost three decades of value sensitive design (VSD): what happened to the technical investigations?	7
Correction to: the Ethics of AI in Human Resources	7
Role of emotions in responsible military AI	7
Politiquette: Liberalism, identity, and free speech on AI-powered digital social media	7
Towards a comprehensive framework for ethical and responsible standardisation	7
Between death and suffering: resolving the gamer’s dilemma	7
Ethics framework for predictive clinical AI model updating	6
Policy advice and best practices on bias and fairness in AI	6
AI and the need for justification (to the patient)	6
Has the world gone botshit crazy? A response to the Frankfurtian critique of ChatGPT in higher education	6
Mind the gap: bridging the divide between computer scientists and ethicists in shaping moral machines	6
Diversity and language technology: how language modeling bias causes epistemic injustice	6
Conceptualizations of user autonomy within the normative evaluation of dark patterns	6
Easy-read and large language models: on the ethical dimensions of LLM-based text simplification	6
Explanatory pragmatism: a context-sensitive framework for explainable medical AI	6
Bringing values to standardisation: from policy concepts to a value-based framework for education about standardisation	5
Embracing grief in the age of deathbots: a temporary tool, not a permanent solution	5
Moral autonomy of patients and legal barriers to a possible duty of health related data sharing	5
Dual-use implications of AI text generation	5
The value of responsibility gaps in algorithmic decision-making	5
Melting contestation: insurance fairness and machine learning	5
Human digital twins unlocking Society 5.0? Approaches, emerging risks and disruptions	5
Intended, afforded, and experienced serendipity: overcoming the paradox of artificial serendipity	5
Engineers on responsibility: feminist approaches to who’s responsible for ethical AI	5
Robots, institutional roles and joint action: some key ethical issues	5
Socializing the political: rethinking filter bubbles and social media with Hannah Arendt	5
Helpful, harmless, honest? Sociotechnical limits of AI alignment and safety through Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback	5
What is conceptual disruption?	5
Empathy training through virtual reality: moral enhancement with the freedom to fall?	5
A moving target in AI-assisted decision-making: dataset shift, model updating, and the problem of update opacity	5
Violent video games: content, attitudes, and norms	5
Recommender systems as commercial speech: A framing for US legislation	5
Trust in medical artificial intelligence: a discretionary account	5
Military artificial intelligence as power: consideration for European Union actorness	4
Dating apps as tools for social engineering	4
Ethics of AI in Africa: Interrogating the role of Ubuntu and AI governance initiatives	4
Should we embrace “Big Sister”? Smart speakers as a means to combat intimate partner violence	4
Artificial intelligence and humanitarian obligations	4
Mapping the landscape of ethical considerations in explainable AI research	4
Fiduciary requirements for virtual assistants	4
The ethics of hacking. Ross W. Bellaby	4
The ethics of online steering	4
The contested role of AI ethics boards in smart societies: a step towards improvement based on board composition by sortition	4
Cut the crap: a critical response to “ChatGPT is bullshit”	4
A portrait of the artist as a young algorithm	4
Technology and pronouns: disrupting the ‘Natural Attitude about Gender’	4
The perfect technological storm: artificial intelligence and moral complacency	4
Getting it right: the limits of fine-tuning large language models	4
Human achievement and artificial intelligence	4
Correction: Framing the Gamer’s Dilemma	4