International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article	Citations
Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	1024
Mechanisms of Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy	819
The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies	750
NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond	659
Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies	643
The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases	621
Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review	609
Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment	574
The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-α Inhibitors in Therapeutics	524
Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Applications	524
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives	472
Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms	465
TNMplot.com: A Web Tool for the Comparison of Gene Expression in Normal, Tumor and Metastatic Tissues	429
Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021	407
Nutritional Indices for Assessing Fatty Acids: A Mini-Review	393
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Association with Signalling Pathways in Inflammation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism	386
Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress	383
Neurotrophic Factor BDNF, Physiological Functions and Therapeutic Potential in Depression, Neurodegeneration and Brain Cancer	352
Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020	342
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms	338
A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option?	330
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Landscape to Clinical Aspects	306
The MTT Assay: Utility, Limitations, Pitfalls, and Interpretation in Bulk and Single-Cell Analysis	301
Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Cardioembolic Stroke, Background, and Therapeutic Approaches	296
ROS Homeostasis in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants	293

The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Prostate Cancer: At the Crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT Signaling	289
COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 C	271
The Flavonoid Biosynthesis Network in Plants	270
Fabrication and Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review	260
Current and Future Development in Lung Cancer Diagnosis	251
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors	246
Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis	242
Transport of Extracellular Vesicles across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Brain Pharmacokinetics and Effects of Inflammation	241
A New Era of Antibiotics: The Clinical Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides	240
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis	229
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio: An Emerging Marker of the Relationships between the Immune System and Diseases	220
Functional Relationship between Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in Tissue Regeneration	216
Seafood Waste as Attractive Source of Chitin and Chitosan Production and Their Applications	215
Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence	213
Silk Fibroin as a Functional Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering	210
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Drug Metabolism in Humans	210
Hepcidin-Ferroportin Interaction Controls Systemic Iron Homeostasis	210
Ferroptosis Mechanisms Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases	209
The Role of Lipid Metabolism in COVID-19 Virus Infection and as a Drug Target	207
Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity	207
Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications	206
Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet?	204
Chronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS	203
Potential Mechanisms of Bisphenol A (BPA) Contributing to Human Disease	199
Cytokines and Chemokines Involved in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis	199
Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases	196
An Overview of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases	196
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy	193
Ambient Air Pollution Increases the Risk of Cerebrovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders through Induction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress	192
Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain	192
Ferroptosis in Liver Diseases: An Overview	191
Roles of Autophagy in Oxidative Stress	190
An Overview of Coumarin as a Versatile and Readily Accessible Scaffold with Broad-Ranging Biological Activities	188
Regulation of Filaggrin, Loricrin, and Involucrin by IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, AHR, and NRF2: Pathogenic Implications in Atopic Dermatitis	188
Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update	188
Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review	188
CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4	187
Multiple Functions of MYB Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress Responses	185
CRISPR-Cas9 DNA Base-Editing and Prime-Editing	184
The Immune Functions of Keratinocytes in Skin Wound Healing	183
Advances in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery	181
Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects	181
Ionic Liquids Toxicity—Benefits and Threats	179
Lactic Acid and an Acidic Tumor Microenvironment suppress Anticancer Immunity	179
Large-Scale Plasma Analysis Revealed New Mechanisms and Molecules Associated with the Host Response to SARS-CoV-2	179
Role of Cadherins in Cancer—A Review	178
mRNA Vaccine Era—Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection	173
Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses	172
Spheroids as a Type of Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures—Examples of Methods of Preparation and the Most Important Application	171
Inflammation-Related Biomarkers for the Prediction of Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients	171

CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands	171
Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents, Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An In-Silico Investigation	171
Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption	171
Oxidative Stress, Plant Natural Antioxidants, and Obesity	170
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation—An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson’s Disease	170
Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms	168
Recent Updates of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment on Osteoarthritis of the Knee	168
Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review	167
MYB-Mediated Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis	167
Plant Responses to Heat Stress: Physiology, Transcription, Noncoding RNAs, and Epigenetics	167
Chitosan and Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Wound Management	165
Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches	165
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases	163
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Muscle Reinnervation	163
3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages	162
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Crowded Environments	162
Focus on the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diseases	161
Molecular Mechanisms of Colon Cancer Progression and Metastasis: Recent Insights and Advancements	161
Molecular Mechanisms of Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis	160
Association of the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) with Cisplatin Resistance	159
Overview of Dual-Acting Drug Methotrexate in Different Neurological Diseases, Autoimmune Pathologies and Cancers	157
Adipogenesis: A Complex Interplay of Multiple Molecular Determinants and Pathways	157
Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action	156
Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives—Recent Development in Biological and Medical Applications	155
Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations	154
On Iron Metabolism and Its Regulation	154
A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics	154
CD4 T Helper Cell Subsets and Related Human Immunological Disorders	153
Molecular Biological and Clinical Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Treatments of Hyperuricemia and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease	153
Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth	153
Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptides: Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibiofilm Activities	152
Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis	152
Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies	151
Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Permeability	151
Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials	151
Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks	151
Empagliflozin Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in High Fat Diet Fed ApoE(-/-) Mice by Activating Autophagy and Reducing ER Stress and Apoptosis	150
Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review	150
Functions of Osteocalcin in Bone, Pancreas, Testis, and Muscle	150
Factors Influencing the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Chitosan Modified by Functionalization	149
Glutathione in the Brain	149
Ischemic Heart Disease Pathophysiology Paradigms Overview: From Plaque Activation to Microvascular Dysfunction	148
Various Aspects of Calcium Signaling in the Regulation of Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer	148
The Significance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer	148
Overview of MMP-13 as a Promising Target for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis	148
Endometrial Decidualization: The Primary Driver of Pregnancy Health	148
Urinary 8-OHdG as a Biomarker for Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis	147
Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds	147
Autophagy and Autophagy-Related Diseases: A Review	147
Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers	146
Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis	146
Anti-Angiogenic Therapy: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives	146
Pathogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy	144
MicroRNA-Based Diagnosis and Therapy	144
Existence of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules in the Oral Cavity	144
Advances in De Novo Drug Design: From Conventional to Machine Learning Methods	143
Role of Insulin Resistance in MAFLD	143
Inflammatory Response Mechanisms of the Dentine–Pulp Complex and the Periapical Tissues	142
Interaction of Intestinal Bacteria with Human Rotavirus during Infection in Children	141
Recent Updates of Transarterial Chemoembolilzation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma	141
Switching from Apoptosis to Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Elicited Inflammation and Antitumor Immunity	140
Gut Microbiota Metabolites in NAFLD Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications	138
Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection	138
Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies	138
Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression	137
An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism	137
Interactions of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles with Bacterial Biofilms: Molecular Interactions behind Inhibition and Resistance	137
Use of H2O2 to Cause Oxidative Stress, the Catalase Issue	137
FLASH Radiotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Insights Using Proton-Beam Therapy	137
Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis and Consequences	136
Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy and Personalized Medicine	136
MicroRNAs in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Mechanobiology	135
Clinical Application of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Repair Skeletal Tissue	134
EMT and EndMT: Emerging Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration	133
The Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer	133
Cannabidiol for Pain Treatment: Focus on Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action	133
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease, with Emphasis on Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, and Heart Failure	132
Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature)	132
Mitochondria Targeting as an Effective Strategy for Cancer Therapy	132
Role of Leptin in Inflammation and Vice Versa	131

The History and Mystery of Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells: Focus on Their Physiologic and Pathologic Role in Lung	131
Possible Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Neurodegeneration	130
Copper Dyshomeostasis in Neurodegenerative Diseases—Therapeutic Implications	130
Covid-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(Ogen), D-Dimer, Von Willebrand Factor, P-Selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes	130
Gut–Brain Axis: Role of Gut Microbiota on Neurological Disorders and How Probiotics/Prebiotics Beneficially Modulate Microbial and Immune Pathways to Improve Brain Functions	130
The Role of the Epididymis and the Contribution of Epididymosomes to Mammalian Reproduction	130
Bone Microenvironment and Osteosarcoma Metastasis	130
New Treatment Addressing the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis	129
The Role of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	129
The Role of mTOR Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer	129
Anti-Obesity Effects of Polyphenol Intake: Current Status and Future Possibilities	128
Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis	128
The CCL20-CCR6 Axis in Cancer Progression	127
Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutics for Osteoporosis	126
The Regulation of Ferroptosis by Tumor Suppressor p53 and its Pathway	126
Mechanisms and Regulation of Cellular Senescence	125
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes	125
Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction and Its Role in COVID-19	124
Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia: Drivers of Cancer Chronic Inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB Activation: A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms	124
Seed Priming: A Feasible Strategy to Enhance Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants	124
Osteoporosis Due to Hormone Imbalance: An Overview of the Effects of Estrogen Deficiency and Glucocorticoid Overuse on Bone Turnover	124
Mechanisms of Abscisic Acid-Mediated Drought Stress Responses in Plants	124
PI3K Inhibitors in Cancer: Clinical Implications and Adverse Effects	124
VEGF-A in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Diseases	124
WNT Signaling in Melanoma	123
Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Current Research and Future Prospects	123
Defining Dry Eye from a Clinical Perspective	123
The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy	123
Cancer Cell Metabolism in Hypoxia: Role of HIF-1 as Key Regulator and Therapeutic Target	123
Plant-Derived Antioxidants: Significance in Skin Health and the Ageing Process	122
Targeting AKT/mTOR in Oral Cancer: Mechanisms and Advances in Clinical Trials	122
Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis	122
Prediction of Novel Inhibitors of the Main Protease (M-pro) of SARS-CoV-2 through Consensus Docking and Drug Reposition	121
Oxidative Stress and Immune System Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders	121
An Overview of the Main Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Involved in Autism Spectrum Disorder Focusing on Synaptic Activity	120
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells	120
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) as Biocides: From Simple Antiseptics to Tunable Antimicrobials	120
Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update	119
Mechanisms of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury	119
Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy	119
Small Molecule NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Clinic	119
The Multifunctional Roles of Polyphenols in Plant-Herbivore Interactions	118
The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications	118
The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease	118
The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature	118
Circulating Cell-Free Nucleic Acids: Main Characteristics and Clinical Application	118
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease	118
The Influence of Strontium on Bone Tissue Metabolism and Its Application in Osteoporosis Treatment	118
Endothelial Damage in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	118
The Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Agents in the Protection of Human Health	117
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Harbinger of the Vicious Cycle of Diabetes	117
Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gliomas	117
Advances in Lipid Extraction Methods—A Review	116
Treg Enhancing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases	116
Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review	116
Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications of Metallic Alloy Nanoparticles	116
Anticancer Potential of Furanocoumarins: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Aspects	116
Antimicrobial Peptides: An Update on Classifications and Databases	116
Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Maternal Disease Complicating the Course of Pregnancy with Long-Term Deleterious Effects on the Offspring. A Clinical Review	115
LncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Main Pathways: ceRNA and Alternative Mechanisms	115
Induction of Adipose Tissue Browning as a Strategy to Combat Obesity	115
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19	114
Differential Therapeutic Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived by Bone Marrow and Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Wound Healing of Diabetic Ulcers and Correlation to Their Cargoes	114
Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate, and Health Effects	114
Biological Properties, Bioactive Constituents, and Pharmacokinetics of Some Capsicum spp. and Capsaicinoids	114
Effect of Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles on Their Intracellular Uptake	113
Novel CRISPR–Cas Systems: An Updated Review of the Current Achievements, Applications, and Future Research Perspectives	113
Uric Acid in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis	113
Role of JAK/STAT in Interstitial Lung Diseases; Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms	113
Irinotecan—Still an Important Player in Cancer Chemotherapy: A Comprehensive Overview	113
Contribution of Exogenous Proline to Abiotic Stresses Tolerance in Plants: A Review	113
Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now?	112
Sequence, Chromatin and Evolution of Satellite DNA	112
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions of Viruses: Roles in Viral Life Cycle and Control of Virus–Host Interactions	112
Vimentin as a Multifaceted Player and Potential Therapeutic Target in Viral Infections	111
Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery	111
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: Biological Effects, Legislation, Occurrence, Analytical Methods, and Strategies to Reduce Their Formation	111
Targeting of CD163+ Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases	111
Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering	111
Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement	110
Molecular Mechanisms of Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma	110
Lipid Peroxidation and Iron Metabolism: Two Corner Stones in the Homeostasis Control of Ferroptosis	109
Epigenetics of Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases	109
Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation	109
Methods Favoring Homology-Directed Repair Choice in Response to CRISPR/Cas9 Induced-Double Strand Breaks	109
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation	109
Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging	109
Combination Drug Therapy for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease	108
Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells?	108
ROS in Platelet Biology: Functional Aspects and Methodological Insights	108
Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity	108
AMPK, Mitochondrial Function, and Cardiovascular Disease	107
Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells	107
Putative Origins of Cell-Free DNA in Humans: A Review of Active and Passive Nucleic Acid Release Mechanisms	107
A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis	107