Sensors

Article	Citations
A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors	718
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): Principles, Construction, and Biosensing Applications	393
Classification of Skin Disease Using Deep Learning Neural Networks with MobileNet V2 and LSTM	375
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Solutions: A Review	320
Data-Driven Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection through Deep Learning: State-of-the-Art Review	314
Sensor and Sensor Fusion Technology in Autonomous Vehicles: A Review	298
Advances in Smart Environment Monitoring Systems Using IoT and Sensors	293
Deep-Emotion: Facial Expression Recognition Using Attentional Convolutional Network	286
3D Deep Learning on Medical Images: A Review	277
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Detection and Capture of Manganese in Aqueous Solutions of FeCeOx Nanocomposites Doped with Nb2O5	276
Machine Learning in Agriculture: A Comprehensive Updated Review	273
Pelican Optimization Algorithm: A Novel Nature-Inspired Algorithm for Engineering Applications	269
Massive MIMO Systems for 5G and beyond Networks—Overview, Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Direction	267
Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Frameworks in the Industry Revolution 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review	249
MRI-Based Brain Tumor Classification Using Ensemble of Deep Features and Machine Learning Classifiers	241
Semiconductor Gas Sensors: Materials, Technology, Design, and Application	240
Comparing YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and YOLOv5 for Autonomous Landing Spot Detection in Faulty UAVs	240
A Review on Early Forest Fire Detection Systems Using Optical Remote Sensing	225
Deep Learning Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Vehicle Perception and Localization: A Review	220
Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review	218
Self-Powered Sensors and Systems Based on Nanogenerators	201
Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen	197
Ten Years of Lateral Flow Immunoassay Technique Applications: Trends, Challenges and Future Perspectives	195
A Review of Piezoelectric PVDF Film by Electrospinning and Its Applications	194
A Survey of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Applied for Prediction of Plant Leaf Diseases	190

A Machine Learning Approach to Diagnosing Lung and Colon Cancer Using a Deep Learning-Based Classification Framework	182
The Importance of Respiratory Rate Monitoring: From Healthcare to Sport and Exercise	178
A Systematic Review of IoT Solutions for Smart Farming	173
Data-Driven Cervical Cancer Prediction Model with Outlier Detection and Over-Sampling Methods	172
Early Detection and Classification of Tomato Leaf Disease Using High-Performance Deep Neural Network	169
Identifying Facemask-Wearing Condition Using Image Super-Resolution with Classification Network to Prevent COVID-19	168
IoT Wearable Sensors and Devices in Elderly Care: A Literature Review	167
A Review of Recent Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors Applications for Civil Engineering Structural Health Monitoring	165
LSTM Networks Using Smartphone Data for Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition in Smart Homes	162
Design of Ultra-Narrow Band Graphene Refractive Index Sensor	162
Face Mask Wearing Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLO-v4	161
A Survey of IoT Security Based on a Layered Architecture of Sensing and Data Analysis	157
Deep Learning in Human Activity Recognition with Wearable Sensors: A Review on Advances	156
Wireless Power Transfer Techniques for Implantable Medical Devices: A Review	156
Agricultural Robotics for Field Operations	156
Deep Learning Techniques for Speech Emotion Recognition, from Databases to Models	156
Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection Using Electrochemical Immunosensor	155
Evaluation of the Pose Tracking Performance of the Azure Kinect and Kinect v2 for Gait Analysis in Comparison with a Gold Standard: A Pilot Study	155
IoT-Blockchain Enabled Optimized Provenance System for Food Industry 4.0 Using Advanced Deep Learning	154
Predictive Maintenance and Intelligent Sensors in Smart Factory: Review	154
A Survey of Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling Communication Technologies and Challenges	152
Evaluation of the Azure Kinect and Its Comparison to Kinect V1 and Kinect V2	152
Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing	152
Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review	151
EEG-Based BCI Emotion Recognition: A Survey	150
An Overview of IoT Sensor Data Processing, Fusion, and Analysis Techniques	149
A Review of Indirect Tool Condition Monitoring Systems and Decision-Making Methods in Turning: Critical Analysis and Trends	148
Roadmap of Terahertz Imaging 2021	147
Improved Handwritten Digit Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)	147
Nanostructured Metal Oxide-Based Acetone Gas Sensors: A Review	143
A Modified Sparrow Search Algorithm with Application in 3d Route Planning for UAV	142
Explainable COVID-19 Detection Using Chest CT Scans and Deep Learning	142
Functionalized TiO2 Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2	141
Study and Investigation on 5G Technology: A Systematic Review	139
Ventilation Diagnosis of Angle Grinder Using Thermal Imaging	137
Advances in Sensor Technologies in the Era of Smart Factory and Industry 4.0	135
Technologies Trend towards 5G Network for Smart Health-Care Using IoT: A Review	135
Review on Conductive Polymer/CNTs Nanocomposites Based Flexible and Stretchable Strain and Pressure Sensors	135
Estimating Blood Pressure from the Photoplethysmogram Signal and Demographic Features Using Machine Learning Techniques	133
Federated Learning in Smart City Sensing: Challenges and Opportunities	132
Review of Wearable Devices and Data Collection Considerations for Connected Health	131
Breast Cancer Histopathology Image Classification Using an Ensemble of Deep Learning Models	131
A Review of Acoustic Impedance Matching Techniques for Piezoelectric Sensors and Transducers	130
Diabetic Retinopathy Fundus Image Classification and Lesions Localization System Using Deep Learning	129
Motion Capture Technology in Industrial Applications: A Systematic Review	128
Defending Airports from UAS: A Survey on Cyber-Attacks and Counter-Drone Sensing Technologies	127
6G Enabled Smart Infrastructure for Sustainable Society: Opportunities, Challenges, and Research Roadmap	127
Towards Aircraft Maintenance Metaverse Using Speech Interactions with Virtual Objects in Mixed Reality	127
Cellular Auxetic Structures for Mechanical Metamaterials: A Review	126
Can Building “Artificially Intelligent Cities” Safeguard Humanity from Natural Disasters, Pandemics, and Other Catastrophes? An Urban Scholar’s Perspective	124

Path Planning for Autonomous Mobile Robots: A Review	124
Breast Cancer Classification from Ultrasound Images Using Probability-Based Optimal Deep Learning Feature Fusion	123
A Review of RFID Sensors, the New Frontier of Internet of Things	123
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Sensors: Physics, Materials, and Applications	121
Impact of COVID-19 on IoT Adoption in Healthcare, Smart Homes, Smart Buildings, Smart Cities, Transportation and Industrial IoT	120
EAGA-MLP—An Enhanced and Adaptive Hybrid Classification Model for Diabetes Diagnosis	119
Green IoT and Edge AI as Key Technological Enablers for a Sustainable Digital Transition towards a Smart Circular Economy: An Industry 5.0 Use Case	119
Enabling Technologies for Urban Smart Mobility: Recent Trends, Opportunities and Challenges	118
IoT and Interpretable Machine Learning Based Framework for Disease Prediction in Pearl Millet	118
An Overview of Autonomous Vehicles Sensors and Their Vulnerability to Weather Conditions	118
Remote Monitoring of Human Vital Signs Based on 77-GHz mm-Wave FMCW Radar	117
Internet of Things Based Blockchain for Temperature Monitoring and Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Prevention	117
Performance Evaluation of Deep CNN-Based Crack Detection and Localization Techniques for Concrete Structures	116
Wearable Sensor-Based Real-Time Gait Detection: A Systematic Review	115
A Critical Review of Electrochemical Glucose Sensing: Evolution of Biosensor Platforms Based on Advanced Nanosystems	115
COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-ray Images Using Feature Fusion and Deep Learning	114
MQTTset, a New Dataset for Machine Learning Techniques on MQTT	113
Fine-Tuned DenseNet-169 for Breast Cancer Metastasis Prediction Using FastAI and 1-Cycle Policy	112
An Experimental Analysis of Attack Classification Using Machine Learning in IoT Networks	110
MRI Segmentation and Classification of Human Brain Using Deep Learning for Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Survey	109
Deep Learning-Based Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things towards Effective Energy Management for Smart Buildings	109
Dry Electrodes for Human Bioelectrical Signal Monitoring	108
Crack Detection and Comparison Study Based on Faster R-CNN and Mask R-CNN	108
A Survey on AI-Driven Digital Twins in Industry 4.0: Smart Manufacturing and Advanced Robotics	108
Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Obesity and Overweight—A Machine Learning Overview	108
A Hybrid Intrusion Detection Model Using EGA-PSO and Improved Random Forest Method	108
Novel Ensemble Approach of Deep Learning Neural Network (DLNN) Model and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Prediction of Gully Erosion Susceptibility	107
An Intelligent Non-Invasive Real-Time Human Activity Recognition System for Next-Generation Healthcare	106
Emotion Recognition in Immersive Virtual Reality: From Statistics to Affective Computing	106
Review of Weed Detection Methods Based on Computer Vision	106
Learning for a Robot: Deep Reinforcement Learning, Imitation Learning, Transfer Learning	105
Deep-Net: A Lightweight CNN-Based Speech Emotion Recognition System Using Deep Frequency Features	104
An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks	104
Review on Comparison of Different Energy Storage Technologies Used in Micro-Energy Harvesting, WSNs, Low-Cost Microelectronic Devices: Challenges and Recommendations	104
Machine Learning-Based IoT-Botnet Attack Detection with Sequential Architecture	104
A Survey on Adaptive Data Rate Optimization in LoRaWAN: Recent Solutions and Major Challenges	104
An IoT-Based Smart Home Automation System	103
A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Requirements, Taxonomy, Recent Advances, and Open Research Challenges	103
Graph-Based Deep Learning for Medical Diagnosis and Analysis: Past, Present and Future	103
Chemical Gas Sensors: Recent Developments, Challenges, and the Potential of Machine Learning—A Review	103
Improved Metaheuristics-Based Clustering with Multihop Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks	102
Real-Time and Accurate Drone Detection in a Video with a Static Background	99
Toward the Next Generation of Digitalization in Agriculture Based on Digital Twin Paradigm	99
MSFT-YOLO: Improved YOLOv5 Based on Transformer for Detecting Defects of Steel Surface	98
Federated Learning in Edge Computing: A Systematic Survey	98
Comprehensive Review on Wearable Sweat-Glucose Sensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring	97
Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio: Recent Advances and Future Challenge	97
Survey on Security Threats in Agricultural IoT and Smart Farming	96
Gait Analysis in Parkinson’s Disease: An Overview of the Most Accurate Markers for Diagnosis and Symptoms Monitoring	96
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Indoor Mobile Robot Path Planning	96
Blockchain for Electronic Voting System—Review and Open Research Challenges	96
Promising MPPT Methods Combining Metaheuristic, Fuzzy-Logic and ANN Techniques for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic	96
Human Activity Recognition via Hybrid Deep Learning Based Model	96
A Review of EEG Signal Features and Their Application in Driver Drowsiness Detection Systems	95
Real-Time Fruit Recognition and Grasping Estimation for Robotic Apple Harvesting	94
Brain Tumor/Mass Classification Framework Using Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-Based Isolated and Developed Transfer Deep-Learning Model	94
The Rise of Wearable Devices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review	94
Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring with Chemical Sensors	93
Soft Grippers for Automatic Crop Harvesting: A Review	93
Heart Rate Variability in Psychology: A Review of HRV Indices and an Analysis Tutorial	93
Internet of Things: Evolution, Concerns and Security Challenges	92
Piezoelectric Sensing Techniques in Structural Health Monitoring: A State-of-the-Art Review	92
Real Time Pear Fruit Detection and Counting Using YOLOv4 Models and Deep SORT	91
SPADs and SiPMs Arrays for Long-Range High-Speed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)	91
Design, Modeling and Implementation of Digital Twins	91
Latest Research Trends in Fall Detection and Prevention Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review	90
Edge-Computing Architectures for Internet of Things Applications: A Survey	90
A Vision-Based Social Distancing and Critical Density Detection System for COVID-19	90
Recent Progress of Fiber-Optic Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure	89
Analytical Study of Hybrid Techniques for Image Encryption and Decryption	89
Survey of Explainable AI Techniques in Healthcare	89
LSTM-Based VAE-GAN for Time-Series Anomaly Detection	88
Metal-Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Electrical and Electrochemical Sensors	88
A Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Framework Using Hyperledger Fabric	88
Advanced Feature Extraction and Selection Approach Using Deep Learning and Aquila Optimizer for IoT Intrusion Detection System	88
A Framework for Malicious Traffic Detection in IoT Healthcare Environment	88
Smart Devices and Wearable Technologies to Detect and Monitor Mental Health Conditions and Stress: A Systematic Review	87
Pain and Stress Detection Using Wearable Sensors and Devices—A Review	87
Early Detection of Plant Viral Disease Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Deep Learning	87
Agricultural Greenhouses Detection in High-Resolution Satellite Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks: Comparison of Faster R-CNN, YOLO v3 and SSD	87

A Comprehensive Survey of Indoor Localization Methods Based on Computer Vision	87
Design and Numerical Analysis of a Graphene-Coated SPR Biosensor for Rapid Detection of the Novel Coronavirus	87
Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues	87
Impact of Lung Segmentation on the Diagnosis and Explanation of COVID-19 in Chest X-ray Images	87
A Review of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors from the Developers’ Perspectives	86
Photoacoustic-Based Gas Sensing: A Review	86
MoS2 Based Photodetectors: A Review	85
Deep Learning Approach for Multimodal Biometric Recognition System Based on Fusion of Iris, Face, and Finger Vein Traits	85
Ambient Assisted Living: A Review of Technologies, Methodologies and Future Perspectives for Healthy Aging of Population	85
An Industrial IoT-Based Blockchain-Enabled Secure Searchable Encryption Approach for Healthcare Systems Using Neural Network	85
Security Requirements for the Internet of Things: A Systematic Approach	84
A Survey of Human Activity Recognition in Smart Homes Based on IoT Sensors Algorithms: Taxonomies, Challenges, and Opportunities with Deep Learning	84
A Survey of Security in Cloud, Edge, and Fog Computing	84
AI-Driven Framework for Recognition of Guava Plant Diseases through Machine Learning from DSLR Camera Sensor Based High Resolution Imagery	84
Investigation of the Impact of Infrared Sensors on Core Body Temperature Monitoring by Comparing Measurement Sites	84
A Prototype Microwave System for 3D Brain Stroke Imaging	83
Security in IoMT Communications: A Survey	83
A Review on Mental Stress Assessment Methods Using EEG Signals	83
Intelligent Machine Learning Approach for Effective Recognition of Diabetes in E-Healthcare Using Clinical Data	83
Deep Transfer Learning for Land Use and Land Cover Classification: A Comparative Study	83
Blockchain-Based Healthcare Workflow for Tele-Medical Laboratory in Federated Hospital IoT Clouds	83
A Novel Deep Learning Model for the Detection and Identification of Rolling Element-Bearing Faults	82
A Novel Statistical Method for Scene Classification Based on Multi-Object Categorization and Logistic Regression	82
Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition with Spatio-Temporal Deep Learning	82
Biosensors for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Clinical Pathogens	82
A Systematic Review of Sensing Technologies for Wearable Sleep Staging	82
Real-Time Cuffless Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation Using Deep Learning Model	82
Multiclass Skin Lesion Classification Using Hybrid Deep Features Selection and Extreme Learning Machine	82
Recognition of Leaf Disease Using Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network by Applying Feature Reduction	81
Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions	81
Advances in Plant Disease Detection and Monitoring: From Traditional Assays to In-Field Diagnostics	81
Modified U-NET Architecture for Segmentation of Skin Lesion	81
Deep Learning for Smart Healthcare—A Survey on Brain Tumor Detection from Medical Imaging	81
The Promise of Sleep: A Multi-Sensor Approach for Accurate Sleep Stage Detection Using the Oura Ring	80
Collaborative Indoor Positioning Systems: A Systematic Review	80
Integration of Blockchain, IoT and Machine Learning for Multistage Quality Control and Enhancing Security in Smart Manufacturing	80
Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection Using Deep Learning via A Skip-Connected Convolutional Autoencoder	80
Fast Personal Protective Equipment Detection for Real Construction Sites Using Deep Learning Approaches	80
Current State of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Early Plant Disease Detection: A Review	80
A Hybrid Deep CNN Model for Abnormal Arrhythmia Detection Based on Cardiac ECG Signal	80
Optimization and Analysis of Surface Roughness, Flank Wear and 5 Different Sensorial Data via Tool Condition Monitoring System in Turning of AISI 5140	79
Wearable Devices Suitable for Monitoring Twenty Four Hour Heart Rate Variability in Military Populations	79
A Ship Trajectory Prediction Framework Based on a Recurrent Neural Network	79
Improved YOLO-V3 with DenseNet for Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Target Detection	79
An Overview of Machine Learning within Embedded and Mobile Devices–Optimizations and Applications	79
Robust Position Control of an Over-actuated Underwater Vehicle under Model Uncertainties and Ocean Current Effects Using Dynamic Sliding Mode Surface and Optimal Allocation Control	78
Detection and Classification of Multirotor Drones in Radar Sensor Networks: A Review	78
Human-Robot Perception in Industrial Environments: A Survey	78
Passive Sensing of Prediction of Moment-To-Moment Depressed Mood among Undergraduates with Clinical Levels of Depression Sample Using Smartphones	78
An Efficient Segmentation and Classification System in Medical Images Using Intuitionist Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering and Fuzzy SVM Algorithm	78
An Approach towards Increasing Prediction Accuracy for the Recovery of Missing IoT Data based on the GRNN-SGTM Ensemble	78
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Task Scheduling in IoT Edge Computing	78
Stroke Risk Prediction with Machine Learning Techniques	77
Smart Textiles and Sensorized Garments for Physiological Monitoring: A Review of Available Solutions and Techniques	77
Internet of Robotic Things in Smart Domains: Applications and Challenges	77
Internet of Things: Security and Solutions Survey	76
An Effective BERT-Based Pipeline for Twitter Sentiment Analysis: A Case Study in Italian	76
Accurate and Efficient Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection and Subtype Classification in 3D CT Scans with Convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks	76
MMW Radar-Based Technologies in Autonomous Driving: A Review	76
Thermographic Fault Diagnosis of Ventilation in BLDC Motors	76
A Comprehensive Review on Critical Issues and Possible Solutions of Motor Imagery Based Electroencephalography Brain-Computer Interface	75
A Novel Hybrid Trustworthy Decentralized Authentication and Data Preservation Model for Digital Healthcare IoT Based CPS	75
Next-Generation Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions	75
An Optimized Framework for WSN Routing in the Context of Industry 4.0	75
Reliable Industry 4.0 Based on Machine Learning and IoT for Analyzing, Monitoring, and Securing Smart Meters	75
An Improvised Deep-Learning-Based Mask R-CNN Model for Laryngeal Cancer Detection Using CT Images	75
Smart-Contract Aware Ethereum and Client-Fog-Cloud Healthcare System	75
Apple Leaf Diseases Recognition Based on An Improved Convolutional Neural Network	75
Development and Application of Infrared Thermography Non-Destructive Testing Techniques	74
An Enhanced Intrusion Detection Model Based on Improved kNN in WSNs	74
Communication Technologies for Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Survey	74
A Deep Learning Ensemble for Network Anomaly and Cyber-Attack Detection	74
A Systematic Survey on the Role of Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Combination in Smart Agriculture	74
Multi-Layer Blockchain-Based Security Architecture for Internet of Things	74
Recent Progress in Plasmonic Biosensing Schemes for Virus Detection	73
Evaluating the Single-Shot MultiBox Detector and YOLO Deep Learning Models for the Detection of Tomatoes in a Greenhouse	73
A Systematic Review of Commercial Smart Gloves: Current Status and Applications	73
Particle Filters: A Hands-On Tutorial	73
Insights in the Application of Stoichiometric and Non-Stoichiometric Titanium Oxides for the Design of Sensors for the Determination of Gases and VOCs (TiO2−x and TinO2n−1 vs. TiO2)	73
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling in Kubernetes for Elastic Container Orchestration	73
A Validation of Six Wearable Devices for Estimating Sleep, Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults	73
Distributed Artificial Intelligence-as-a-Service (DAIaaS) for Smarter IoE and 6G Environments	73
Energy-Aware System Design for Autonomous Wireless Sensor Nodes: A Comprehensive Review	73
Bio-Based Sensors for Smart Food Packaging—Current Applications and Future Trends	72
Efficient Energy Management of IoT-Enabled Smart Homes Under Price-Based Demand Response Program in Smart Grid	72
Pipeline In-Line Inspection Method, Instrumentation and Data Management	72
Microfluidic Point-of-Care (POC) Devices in Early Diagnosis: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges	72
The Key Role of Active Sites in the Development of Selective Metal Oxide Sensor Materials	72
Hyper-Spectral Imaging Technique in the Cultural Heritage Field: New Possible Scenarios	71
Integration of Blockchain Technology and Federated Learning in Vehicular (IoT) Networks: A Comprehensive Survey	71
Applications of Big Data Analytics to Control COVID-19 Pandemic	71
MXenes-Based Bioanalytical Sensors: Design, Characterization, and Applications	71
Electrocardiogram-Based Emotion Recognition Systems and Their Applications in Healthcare—A Review	71
Blockchain—Internet of Things Applications: Opportunities and Challenges for Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0	71
Challenges in Design and Fabrication of Flexible/Stretchable Carbon- and Textile-Based Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring: A Critical Review	71