Discourse Studies

Papers
(The median citation count of Discourse Studies is 0. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2020-03-01 to 2024-03-01.)
ArticleCitations
Making sense ofdanmu: Coherence in massive anonymous chats on Bilibili.com47
Interaction rituals and ‘social distancing’: New haptic trajectories and touching from a distance in the time of COVID-1928
Turn-allocation and gaze: A multimodal revision of the “current-speaker-selects-next” rule of the turn-taking system of conversation analysis26
‘Hidden in plain sight’: Expressing political criticism on Chinese social media22
Sketching landscapes in discourse analysis (1978–2018): A bibliometric study18
Deontic authority and the maintenance of lay and expert identities during joint decision making: Balancing resistance and compliance17
Doing paying during the Covid-19 pandemic13
Linguistic variation in the discourse of corporate annual reports: A multi-dimensional analysis12
Linguistic, psychological and epistemic vulnerability in asylum procedures: An interdisciplinary approach12
How professionals deal with clients’ explicit objections to their advice11
Incomplete utterances as critical assessments11
‘Cropped out’: The collaborative production of an accusation of racism9
Communicating disciplinary knowledge to a wide audience in 3MT presentations: How students engage with popularization of science9
Resistance in public disputes: Third-turn blocking to suspend progressivity7
Book review: Ken Hyland and Feng (Kevin) Jiang, Academic Discourse and Global Publishing: Disciplinary Persuasion in Changing Times7
Communicating information packages in institutional face-to-face consultations6
A discourse analysis of national identity in Nigerian stand-up humour6
We will take care of you’: Identity categorisation markers in intercultural medical encounters6
‘The new oratory’: Public speaking practice in the digital, neoliberal age6
Expertise and the work of football match analysts in TV sport broadcasts6
Expertise as a domain in interaction6
Couples living with dementia managing conflicting knowledge claims6
Grammatical conformity in question-answer sequences: The case ofmeiyouin Mandarin conversation5
Doing reflecting: Embodied solitary confirmation of instructed enactment5
Developing multiple perspectives by eliding agreement: A conversation analysis of Open Dialogue reflections5
B-event statements as vehicles for two interactional practices in police interactions with suspects/witnesses4
Requests and know-how questions: Initiating instruction in workplace interaction4
A conversation analytical study of story-openings in advice-giving episodes in doctoral research supervision meetings4
A study of applause in family ritual4
‘Who decided this?’: Negotiating epistemic and deontic authority in systemic family therapy training4
Analyzing frame analysis: A critical review of framing studies in social movement research4
The tacit dimension of expertise: Professional vision at work in airport security4
Gestural repair in Mandarin conversation4
The interplay of complexity and subjectivity in opinionated discourse4
Graduating political crisis and violence in the discourse of history: The role of Spanish suffixes3
Expertise as a domain of epistemics in intensive care shift-handovers3
Self-description in everyday interaction: Generalizations about oneself as accounts of behavior3
Interactional strategies for progressing through quizzes in dementia settings3
Framing and social movements3
Justice Under Microscope: Analysing Mandarin Chinese Markers in Virtual Courtroom Discourse3
Framing and related concepts in interactional sociolinguistics3
College disability support offices as advertisements: A multimodal discourse analysis3
The day after the apology: A critical discourse analysis of President Tsai’s national apology to Taiwan’s indigenous peoples3
Sexual consent as an interactional achievement: Overcoming ambiguities and social vulnerabilities in the initiations of sexual activities3
Power plays in action formation: The TCU-final particle ba (吧) in Mandarin Chinese conversation2
Reluctant collaboration in community policing. How police team up with youth prior to 1st of May demonstrations in Germany2
Two ways of spilling drink: The construction of offences as ‘accidental’ in police interviews with suspects2
Practices of patient participation: Getting a turn during hospital ward rounds2
‘The sequential organisation of gossip talk’2
Continuing assessments in online dating: Enabling relational development between potential romantic partners in WeChat conversations2
Challenges in recognizing and facilitating disclosures of intimate partner violence in customer service calls about maintenance support2
Is courtroom discourse an ‘oral’ or ‘literate’ register? The importance of sub-register2
Asking for help without asking for help: How victims request and police offer assistance in cases of domestic violence when perpetrators are potentially co-present2
The story of two connectives: Korean tunci ‘or’ and kena ‘or’2
Social functions of gossip in adolescent girl’s talk2
“They say it’s because I’m migrainous. . .” Contested identities of students with invisible disabilities in medical consultations2
The situated deployment of the Italian presentative (e) hai. . ., ‘(and) you have. . .’ within routinized multimodal Gestalts in route mapping with visually impaired climbers2
“Are you asking me or are you telling me?”: Expertise, evidence, and blame attribution in a post-game interview2
Classroom teasing: Institutional contingencies and embodied action2
Distance, proximity, and authenticity in the point of view of US military drone operator autobiographies2
‘Go on keep going’: The instruction of sustained embodied activities2
Dynamism in knowledge exchanges: developing move systems based on Khorchin Mongolian interactions2
Constructing and negotiating the professional identity of ‘leader’ by suggesting and challenging improvement of professional practices: Deontics in a four-part sequential structure2
Popularizing in legal discourse: What efforts do Russian judges make to facilitate juror’s comprehension of law-related contents?2
I (don’t) want X/Y’: Formulating ‘wants’ in Chinese Mediation Resources1
Expertise in interaction – Introduction1
Expectations for ‘natural’ ways of talking: A context-dependent perspective on fixedness in conversation1
Facts into faults: The grammar of guilt in jury deliberations1
When people do not want to talk anymore in online discussion boards: A corpus-based study of the multi-word expression bù shuō le ‘not talk anymore’ in Chinese1
Book review: Anke Beger, The Role of (Deliberate) Metaphor in Communicating Knowledge in Academic Discourse: An Analysis of College Lectures from Different Disciplines1
‘Answer in any way you want’: Discursive tensions in conversations of a citizen participation process1
An epistemic illumination of the acceptance of advice in Chinese phone-in counseling for family problems1
Multimodal media: Framing climate change1
Discourses of defense: Self and other positioning in public responses to accusations of corruption in Jordan1
Book review: Arran Stibbe, Ecolinguistics: Language, Ecology and the Stories We Live By1
Recruitment interviews for intermediate labour markets: Identity construction under ambiguous expectations1
Recruiting repair: Making sense of interpreters’ embodied actions in a video-mediated environment1
Conversation analysis in a US Senate Judiciary hearing: Questioning Brett Kavanaugh1
Seeing and knowing in interaction: Two distinct resources for action construction1
The epistemics of advice-giving sequences: Epistemic primacy and subordination in advice rejection1
Japanese negative suffix nai in conversation: Its formulaicity and intersubjectivity1
Book review: Óscar Loureda, Inés Recio Fernández, Laura Nadal and Adriana Cruz (eds), Empirical Studies of the Construction of Discourse1
A study of emotion management and identity construction in Chinese medical treatment discussions1
Ageism in job interviews: Discreet ways of building co-membership through age categorisation1
What’s in a frame, what’s in a name?1
Discursive construction in multilingual crisis risk communication: An analysis of ‘A letter to foreign nationals’ messages in China’s COVID-19 fight1
Book review: Dennis Tay, Time Series Analysis of Discourse: Method and Case Studies1
Book review: Kennet Lynggaard, Discourse Analysis and European Union Politics (Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics)1
Going against the interactional tide: The accomplishment of dialogic moments from a conversation analytic perspective1
Book review: Thora Tenbrink, Cognitive Discourse Analysis: An Introduction1
Fine-tuning locational formulations in mobile phone calls1
Rest in space, Starman! Creative reframing of death metaphors on David Bowie’s mural in London1
Divided discourse: Establishing a methods-centered approach to latrinalia research1
The disaffiliative use of ‘did you know’ questions in Arabic news interviews: The case of Aljazeera’s ‘The Opposite Direction’1
Neither speaker nor recipient: The middle-distance look of unaddressed participants0
Book Review: Istvan Kecskes, The Cambridge Handbook of Intercultural Pragmatics0
Book Review: Brian Paltridge, Discourse Analysis: An Introduction0
Book review: J. R. Martin, Karl Maton and Y. J. Doran (eds), Accessing Academic Discourse: Systemic Functional Linguistics and Legitimation Code Theory0
Book Review: Louise Mullany and Stephanie Schnurr (eds), Globalisation, Geopolitics, and Gender in Professional Communication0
Polyphony in the pediatric clinic: Parents reporting teachers’ talk as a resource for building deontic and epistemic (dis)alliances among caregivers0
Book review: Paul Thompson and Susan Hunston, Interdisciplinary Research Discourse: Corpus Investigations into Environment Journals0
Discourse markers in small talk and tasks0
Book Review: Anna Islentyeva, A Corpus-Based Analysis of Ideological Bias: Migration in the British Press0
When a request turn is segmented: Managing the deontic authority via early compliance0
Frame analysis0
Tacit acceptance of compliments after tellings of accomplishment: Contingent management of preferences in Japanese ordinary conversation0
Book review: Jenni Ingram and Victoria Elliott,Research Methods for Classroom Discourse0
An imperious, closed sandbox? A rejoinder to Van Dijk’s critique of the framing perspective on social movement mobilization0
Book review: Bernd Heine, Gunther Kaltenböck, Tania Kuteva and Haiping Long, The Rise of Discourse Markers0
Supporting and challenging hate in an online discussion of a controversial refugee policy0
Book review: Angela Zottola, Transgender Identities in the Press: A Corpus-based Discourse Analysis0
Arguing through best practice: The role of argumentation from example in activists’ social media posts on sustainable fashion0
Book Review: Paula Pérez Sobrino, Jeannette Littlemore and Samantha Ford, Unpacking Creativity: The Power of Figurative Communication in Advertising0
Book review: Micheal Haugh, Daniel Kádár and Marina Terkourafi, The Cambridge Handbook of Sociopragmatics0
Book review: Amy M Lindstrom, Unexpressed Subjects in English: An Empirical Analysis of Narrative and Conversational Discourse0
Book Review: Tong King Lee and Dingkun Wang (eds), Translation and Social Media Communication in the Age of the Pandemic0
Inferred vision: An analysis of the commentators’ descriptions of players’ visual perceptions and intentions during volleyball broadcasts0
Book review: Chen Xinren, Exploring Identity Work in Chinese Communication0
Book Review: Michael Devitt, Overlooking Conventions: The Trouble With Linguistic Pragmatism0
Repetition for real-time coordination of action: Lexical and non-lexical vocalizations in collaborative time management0
Book review: Stefanie Ullmann, Discourses of the Arab Revolutions in Media and Politics0
Book review: Chaoqun Xie, Francisco Yus and Hartmut Haberland (eds), Approaches to Internet Pragmatics: Theory and Practice0
Empathy in clinical performance examinations: Medical students’ use of empathic statements in interaction with standardized patients0
Book review: Lorena Pérez-Hernández, Speech Acts in English: From Research to Instruction and Textbook Development0
The disputed territories of information: The case of alleged war crimes during the Kosovo War0
Framing offer-related actions as assistance at jewelry stores in Japan0
‘Pregnancy no bi disease’: Contextual beliefs in antenatal classes in selected Nigerian hospitals0
A functional diversity of argumentative styles0
Book review: John Flowerdew, Critical Discourse Analysis in Historiography: The Case of Hong Kong’s Evolving Political Identity0
Epistemic stance in Korean assessment pairs: The role of evidential and non-evidential sentence-ending suffixes0
Book review: Valerie Hobbs, An Introduction to Religious Language: Exploring Theolinguistics in Contemporary Contexts0
Book Review: Ole Schützler and Julia Schlüter (ed.), Data and Methods in Corpus Linguistics: Comparative Approaches0
Book review: Mathew Gillings, Gerlinde Mautner and Paul Baker, Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies0
Book review: Theresa Catalano and Linda R Waugh, Critical Discourse Analysis, Critical Discourse Studies and Beyond0
Book review: Robin James Smith, Richard Fitzgerald, and William Housley (eds), On Sacks: Methodology, Materials, and Inspirations0
Book Review: Nancy Xiuzhi Liu, Candace Veecock and Shixin Ivy Zhang (eds.), Chinese News Discourse: From Perspectives of Communication, Linguistics and Pedagogy0
Book review: Camilla Vásquez, Research Methods for Digital Discourse Analysis0
Book Review: Neda Chepinchikj, Interactional Approach to Cinematic Discourse: How Do Woody Allen’s Characters Talk?0
Book review: Elena N. Malyuga (ed.), Functional Approach to Professional Discourse Explorations in Linguistics0
Book Review: Fei Victor Lim, Designing Learning With Embodied Teaching: Perspectives From Multimodality0
Book review: Klaus von Heusinger, Malte Zimmermann and Edgar Onea, Questions in Discourse: Vol. 1: Semantics Malte Zimmermann, Klaus von Heusinger and Edgar Onea, Questions in Discourse: Vol0
Book review: Cornelia Ilie and Neal R. Norrick (eds), Pragmatics and its Interfaces0
Book Review: María Luisa Carrió-Pastor (ed.), Corpus Analysis in Different Genres: Academic Discourse and Learner Corpora0
Responsive advice-giving to troubles in supervision interaction0
Book review: Andreas H. Jucker, Politeness in the History of English – From the Middle Ages to the Present Day0
Book review: Markus Rheindorf, Revisiting the Toolbox of Discourse Studies: New Trajectories in Methodology, Open Data, and Visualization0
Book review: Karen Sullivan, Mixed Metaphors: Their Use and Abuse0
Where does the true value of a frame analysis approach lie? A Reply to van Dijk0
Argumentative patterns based on pragmatic argumentation at China’s diplomatic press conferences0
On the moral grounds of professional argumentative talk: English-mediated talk in Iranian PhD dissertation defences0
Book Review: Heidrun Dorgeloh and Anja Wanner, Discourse Syntax: English Grammar Beyond the Sentence0
Book review: Gábor Tahin, Heuristic Rhetoric: Principle and Practice0
Book review: Sender Dovchin, Language, Social Media and Ideologies: Translingual Englishes, Facebook and Authenticities0
What’s really in a frame? The case of public marriage proposals0
The #PantamiMustGo political activism: A textual analysis of narrative agency in protest discourse0
Book review: Amanda Laugesen and Catherine Fisher (Eds.), Expressions of War in Australia and the Pacific: Language, Trauma, Memory, and Official Discourse0
Book Review: Maria Cristina Caimotto and Rachele Raus, Lifestyle Politics in Translation: The Shaping and Re-shaping of Ideological Discourse0
Three decades of the framing perspective on social movements: Changing trends and continuities0
‘Delayed response’ in psychodynamic psychotherapy0
Book Review: Elizabeth Closs Traugott, Ten Lectures on a Diachronic Constructionalist Approach to Discourse Structuring Markers0
Book Review: Rob Cover, Identity and Digital Communication: Concepts, Theories, Practices0
Book review: Kate Beeching, Chiara Ghezzi and Piera Molinelli (eds), Positioning the Self and Others: Linguistic Perspectives0
Book Review: Janet Beavin Bavelas, Face-To-Face Dialogue: Theory, Research, and Applications0
Book Review: Bill Cope and Mary Kalantzis, Making Sense: Reference, Agency and Structure in a Grammar of Multimodal Meaning Mary Kalantzis and Bill Cope, Adding Sense: Context and Interest i0
Book review: Lori Czerwionka, Rachel Showstack and Judith Liskin-Gasparro (eds), Contexts of Co-constructed Discourse: Interaction, Pragmatics, and Second Language Applications0
Book review: Dennis Day and Johannes Wagner (eds), Objects, Bodies and Work Practice0
Public note-taking on a digital platform as a workplace practice0
Book Review: Rodney H Jones, Sylvia Jaworska and Erhan Aslan, Language and Media: A Resource Book for Students0
Book review: Mark Jary, Nothing is Said: Utterance and Interpretation0
Illusory authenticity: Negotiating compassion in animal experimentation discourse0
Book review: Henry Silke, Fergal Quinn and Maria Rieder (eds), News Discourse and Power: Critical Perspectives on Journalism and Inequality0
Book Review: Tong King Lee, Choreographies of Multilingualism: Writing and Language Ideology in Singapore0
Book review: Simon Statham, Critical Discourse Analysis: A Practical Introduction to Power in Language0
Book review: Patrizia Anesa and Aurora Fragonara (eds), Discourse Processes Between Reason and Emotion: A Post-Disciplinary Perspective0
Book review: Helen Caple, Changpeng Huan and Monika Bednarek, Multimodal News Analysis across Cultures0
Book Review: Sabine Tan and Marissa K. L. E (eds), Discourse, Modes, Media and Meaning in an Era of Pandemic: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis Approach0
Closing medical encounters in China’s Mainland: Doctors’ fishing for patient-initiated terminal exchanges0
Book review: Alla Tovares and Cynthia Gordon (eds), Identity and Ideology in Digital Food Discourse: Social Media Interactions Across Cultural Contexts0
Book Review: Marjut Johansson, Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen, and Jan Chovanec, Analyzing Digital Discourses: Between Convergence and Controversy0
Book Review: Arnulf Deppermann and Michael Haugh (eds), Action Ascription in Interaction0
Multimodal engagement strategies in science dissemination: A case study of TED talks and YouTube science videos0
Book review: Martha Komter, The Suspect’s Statement: Talk and Text in the Criminal Process0
Expecting the unpredictable: Categorisation of children and youth during driver training0
Frames, framing and framing effects in cognitive CDA0
Book review: Thomas C Messerli, Repetition in Telecinematic Discourse. How American Sitcoms Employ Formal and Semantic Repetition in the Construction of Multimodal Humour0
Negotiating joint commitment in collaborative work project: Focus on text-based requests and news deliveries in atypical work0
Book Review: Natalia Knoblock (ed.), Language of Conflict: Discourses of the Ukrainian Crisis0
Book review: Joyce Lamerichs, Susan J. Danby, Amanda Bateman and Stuart Ekberg (eds), Children and Mental Health Talk: Perspectives on Social Competence0
Delineating categories in verbal interaction0
On the defence of antifascist Italy in Alcide De Gasperi’s 1946 speech to the Paris Peace Conference0
Critical discourse studies eleven years on in China (from 2011 to 2021): A critical review0
Book review: Jing Hao, Analysing Scientific Discourse from a Systemic Functional Linguistic Perspective: A Framework for Exploring Knowledge-building in Biology0
Book review: Alison Gibbons and Sara Whiteley, Contemporary Stylistics: Language, Cognition, Interpretation0
The use of ‘my side telling’ during history taking in psychiatric consultations0
Book review: Eva Ogiermann and Pilar G Blitvich (eds), From Speech Acts to Lay Understandings of Politeness: Multilingual and Multicultural Perspectives0
Place formulations and the incongruity procedure: On police officers’ practices for assembling appearances of wrongdoing0
‘I just need a yes or no’: Managing resistant responses in U.S. Senate hearings0
Book Review: Maria Sidiropoulou, Understanding Im/politeness Through Translation: The English-Greek Paradigm0
On granularity of doing other-initiation: Nǐ yìsi shì X ‘Your Meaning is X’ in Mandarin Chinese0
Category relations and norms of feelings in children’s performances of a boyfriend-girlfriend culture0
Book review: Ulrike Schneider and Matthias Eitelmann (eds), Linguistic Inquiries into Donald Trump’s Language: From ‘Fake News’ to ‘Tremendous Success’0
Introduction0
Epistemic responsibility predicts developing frame awareness in early childhood: A language socialization perspective0
Book Review: Ruth Page, David Barton, Carmen Lee, Johann Wolfgang Unger, and Michele Zappavigna, Researching Language and Social Media: A Student Guide0
Book review: Joan Kelly Hall and Stephen Daniel Looney (eds), The Embodied Work of Teaching0
Book review: Thu Ngo, Susan Hood, James R Martin, Clare Painter, Bradley A Smith, and Michele Zappavigna, Modelling Paralanguage Using Systemic Functional Semiotics: Theory and Application0
Book review: Olga Dontcheva-Navratilova, Martin Adam, Renata Povolná and Radek Vogel, Persuasion in Specialised Discourses0
‘That’s what the dream says’: The use of normalizing devices in dream reports0
Book review: Ruth Wodak,The Politics of Fear: The Shameless Normalization of Far-Right Discourse0
Book Review: Caroline Tagg and Agnieszka Lyons, Mobile Messaging and Resourcefulness: A Post-Digital Ethnography0
Book Review: James R Martin, Beatriz Quiroz and Giacomo Figueredo (eds), Interpersonal Grammar: Systemic Functional Linguistic Theory and Description0
Rethinking frame analysis ‘from the margins’: A decolonial-intersectional epistemology to studying immigrants’ rights claims0
Argumentative strategies to evade state apologies: The Turkish example0
Offensive, hateful comment: A networked discourse practice of blame and petition for justice during COVID-19 on Chinese Weibo0
Discursive management of patients’ disagreement with doctors’ recommendations in Nigerian hospital visits0
Book review: Eliecer Crespo-Fernández (ed.), Discourse Studies in Public Communication0
Denial from the other side: Experiences of racism as narrated by South Sudanese refugees in Australia0
Book review: Sam Bennett, Constructions of Migrant Integration in British Public Discourse0
Book review: Billy Clark, Pragmatics: The Basics0
Book Review: Robert Poole, Corpus-assisted Ecolinguistics0
Book review: Sol Rojas-Lizana, The Discourse of Perceived Discrimination: Perspectives from contemporary Australian Society0
Co-constructing parenthood in multiparty interaction: Orienting to parents’ rights and responsibilities to act on behalf of others0
Book review: María-José Luzón & Carmen Pérez-Llantada (eds.), Science Communication on the Internet: Old Genres Meet New Genres0
Constructing mediator identities through questioning in Chinese televised mediation0
Book review: Jean Wong and Hansun Zhang Waring (eds), Storytelling in Multilingual Interaction: A Conversation Analysis Perspective0
Crisis classifications in mobility: Reporting the first COVID death in Taiwan0
Book review: Othman Khalid Al-Shboul, The Politics of Climate Change Metaphors in the U.S. Discourse: Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Analysis from an Ecolinguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis 0
Book review: Nguyet Nhu Le and Grace Qiao Zhang, Vague Language, Elasticity Theory and the Use of ‘Some‘: A Comparative Study of L1 and L2 Speakers in Educational Settings0
Book review: Frans H van Eemeren and Bart Garssen (eds), From Argument Schemes to Argumentative Relations in the Wild: A Variety of Contributions to Argumentation Theory0
Who is a ‘true refugee’? Polish political discourse in 2021–20220
Avoidance of cognitive efforts as a risk factor in interaction0
Book review: Theo van Leeuwen, Multimodality and Identity0
Time-oriented decisions in Palliative Care team meetings0
Book review: Stuart Price and Ben Harbisher (eds), Power, Media and the Covid-19 Pandemic: Framing Public Discourse0
Book Review: Sandrine Sorlin, The Stylistics of “You”: Second-Person Pronoun and its Pragmatic Effects0
Understanding performance responses: Instructional transitions in musical masterclasses0
Book review: Mark Feng Teng & Wang Lixun, Identity, Motivation, and Multilingual Education in Asian Contexts0
Book Review: Fabrizio Gallai, Relevance Theory in Translation and Interpreting: A Cognitive-Pragmatic Approach0
Book review: Marcus Callies and Magnus Levin (eds), Corpus Approaches to the Language of Sports: Texts, Media, Modalities0
Book review: Paul Baker, Gavin Brookes and Craig Evans, The Language of Patient Feedback: A Corpus Linguistic Study of Online Health Communication0
Book review: Franco Zappettini and Michal Krzyżanowski (eds), Brexit as a Social and Political Crisis: Discourses in Media and Politics0
Book review: Élisabeth Le, Degrees of European belonging0
‘Something that’s very American’: The interactional role of Light-Head Relative Clauses0
Book review: Peter Richardson, Charles M Mueller and Stephen Pihlaja, Cognitive Linguistics and Religious Language: An Introduction0
Book review: Ronny Scholz (ed.), Quantifying Approaches to Discourse for Social Scientists0
Book review: Patrizia Anesa and Jan Engberg (eds), The Digital (R)Evolution of Legal Discourse: New Genres, Media, and Linguistic Practices0
Book review: Jesse Egbert, Tove Larsson and Douglas Biber, Doing Linguistics with a Corpus: Methodological Considerations for the Everyday User0
Book review: Xinren Chen, Critical Pragmatic Studies on Chinese Public Discourse0
Small stories of a key moment: Exploring discursive construction in digital quarantine stories0
Book review: Istvan Kecskes, English as a Lingua Franca: The Pragmatic Perspective0
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