Ocean Modelling

Article	Citations
Tidal estimates from sun-synchronous satellite altimeters in the Bohai Sea via an improved harmonic analysis model	96
Editorial Board	51
A deep-learning real-time bias correction method for significant wave height forecasts in the Western North Pacific	50
HyTCWaves: A Hybrid model for downscaling Tropical Cyclone induced extreme Waves climate	50
Internal solitary waves with different density distribution approximation schemes in background shear currents	36
Generating unseen nonlinear evolution in the ocean using deep learning-based latent space data assimilation model	34
Improving Kuroshio forecasts with an eddy-resolving AI prediction system	30
Effect of the different stratification changes along the two sides of a typhoon track on near-inertial energy propagation	28
A regional NEMO 4.0 configuration of the subpolar North Atlantic	27
Large eddy simulation of focused breaking waves with different wave steepness	27
Lagrangian analysis of submesoscale flows from sparse data using Gaussian Process Regression for field reconstruction	23
Tsunami warning cancellation based on data assimilation with a nonlinear propagation model: Application to the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake	22
Editorial Board	22
Source inversion and trans-Pacific simulation of the 2025 Kamchatka Mw 8.8 tsunami	22
Cross-scale prediction for the Laurentian Great Lakes	22
The influence of tidal currents and sea ice on wave dynamics in Cook Inlet, Alaska	21
Editorial Board	21
High-resolution, non-hydrostatic simulation of internal tides and solitary waves in the southern East China Sea	20
The simulation of the South China Sea by the variable resolution version of the global ocean general circulation model LICOM3.0	20
4D-Var data assimilation in a nested model of the Mid-Atlantic Bight	19
Seasonal dynamics of water circulation and exchange flows in a shallow lagoon-inlet-coastal ocean system	18
Performance evaluation of a global CMIP6 single forcing, multi wave model ensemble of wave climate simulations	18
Suppression of submesoscale currents by a tropical cyclone	18
Assessment of projected changes in mean and extreme wave power across the Indian coastal sectors under high-emission climate scenarios	17
Modelling secondary circulations in stratified bi-directional flows: A potential mechanism for flux transfer from lower to upper fluid layers	17

Data assimilation for the two-dimensional shallow water equations: Optimal initial conditions for tsunami modelling	17
Highly nonlinear internal solitary waves with a free surface	17
The predictability study of oceanic deep learning models: Taking Kuroshio intrusion into South China Sea as an example	17
Quantify the compound effects caused by the interactions between inland river system and coastal processes in hurricane coastal flooding through controlled hydrodynamic modeling experiments	16
Chlorophyll-a in Chesapeake Bay based on VIIRS satellite data: Spatiotemporal variability and prediction with machine learning	16
A note on the temporal and spatial attenuation of ocean waves	15
Attention-enhanced deep learning model for reconstruction and downscaling of thermocline depth in the tropical Indian Ocean	15
Comprehensive characterization of Marine Heatwaves in a coastal Northern Humboldt Current System regional model over recent decades	15
Effect of western Pacific current uncertainties on the forecasting of eddy shedding from the Kuroshio loop into the South China Sea: A case study	15
Corrigendum to “Neural Synthetic Profiles from Remote Sensing and Observations (NeSPReSO) — Reconstructing temperature and salinity fields in the Gulf of Mexico” [Ocean Modelling 196 (2025) 102550]	14
Spurious internal wave generation during data assimilation in eddy resolving ocean model simulations	14
Editorial Board	13
An optimization method of adjoint assimilation based on the cumulative gradient: An application for correction of the bottom friction coefficient in the tidal wave model	12
Analysis of the impact of vertical variation and temporal frequency of the chlorophyll forcing field on modelled temperature in the Mediterranean Sea and potential implications for regional climate pr	12
The mechanism of the ENSO diversity predictability paradox	12
On the ability of OMIP models to simulate the ocean mixed layer depth and its seasonal cycle in the Arctic Ocean	12
A deep learning approach to predict sea surface temperature based on multiple modes	12
A robust sponge layer relaxation scheme for complex open boundary regional ocean model	12
Simulating oceanic responses to Super Typhoon Bolaven (2023) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean using a numerical model coupled with machine learning-based ocean vertical mixing parameterization	12
On the application of the two-time stepping Euler forward Runge-Kutta schemes to the shallow water equations: Global truncation error, numerical viscosity, consistency, energy conservation, inertial s	12
Impact of phytoplankton, CDOM, and suspended sediments on the vertical attenuation of light, changing heat content and circulation on a continental shelf: A modelling study of the Great Barrier Reef	11
On global wave height climatology and trends from multiplatform altimeter measurements and wave hindcast	11
Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022	11
Modeling the sea-surface pCO2 of the central Bay of Bengal region using machine learning algorithms	11
Storm surge modelling along European coastlines: The effect of the spatio-temporal resolution of the atmospheric forcing	11
Barotropic tides and residual transport in Port Foster (Deception Island, Antarctica)	11
A linear stochastic emulator of the California Current system using balanced truncation	11
Application of data-driven mixing parameterization scheme in a regional ocean model	11
Modeling sediment movement in the shallow-water framework: A morpho-hydrodynamic approach with numerical simulations and experimental validation	11
Three decades of interannual variability in modeled primary production in the Peruvian Upwelling Region (1993–2022)	11
Multi-model physics informed neural networks to the shallow water equations for cosine bell advection	11
A deep learning approach to predict significant wave height using long short-term memory	10
High-frequency wave dynamics in mixed seas: The influence of swells on wind waves characteristics	10
Toward improved spatially-resolved estimates of fine suspended sediment in shallow morphologically-complex estuaries	10
Interaction of two oblique internal solitary waves in the presence of shoaling topography and rotation	10
Benchmarking a two-way coupled coastal wave–current hydrodynamics model	10
The detection of Arctic sea ice linear kinematic features using LadderNet	10
Advancing sea level anomaly modeling in the black sea with LSTM Auto-Encoders: A novel approach	10
Assessing the effects of climate change on the Gulf of Mexico wave climate using the COWCLIP framework and the PRECIS regional climate model	10
A numerical assessment of the dispersion of dissolved pollutants in the Arabian Gulf associated with the Barakah nuclear power plant	10
An “objective” definition of potential vorticity. Generalized evolution equation and application to the study of coastal upwelling instability	10
The south–north equatorial asymmetrical distribution of Chlorophyll in El Niño events in the observations and CMIP6 models	10
Reconstructing 3D ocean subsurface salinity (OSS) from T–S mapping via a data-driven deep learning model	10
Normal and reverse storm surges along the coast of Florida during the September 2022 Hurricane Ian: Observations, analysis, and modelling	10
Non-uniform downscaling data assimilation algorithm in variational framework	10
Impact of atmospheric forcing on SST biases in the LETKF-based ocean research analysis (LORA)	10
Modelling the effects of different winter wind fields on water exchange dynamics in the Bohai Strait: Mechanisms and implications	9
Wave-induced mean currents and setup over barred and steep sandy beaches	9
The Young’s modulus of an Antarctic iceberg: The first estimate from a coupled fluid–elasticity model constrained by reconstructed in-situ data	9
The Impacts of Air-Sea Fluxes and Model Resolution on Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation across the OSNAP West Section	9

Mechanism of a meteorological tsunami reaching the Japanese coast caused by Lamb and Pekeris waves generated by the 2022 Tonga eruption	9
Evaluation of parametric tropical cyclone wind models for representing storm surge and wave heights in the Queensland region	9
Exploring the tsunami generation potential of major faults in the sicilian channel using 3D numerical modeling	9
Impact of islands on the cross-shelf transport among the Pearl River Estuary, its adjacent coast and inner shelf	9
Assessing the effects of sea level rise on ocean waves and surge events along the victorian coast	9
Correction of GLS turbulence closure for wave-resolving models with stratification	9
Study of the tidal dynamics in the Southwestern Atlantic Continental Shelf based on data assimilation	9
CODAR data assimilation into an integrated ocean forecasting system for the Brazilian Southeastern coast	9
Impact of offshore wind farm monopiles on hydrodynamics interacting with wind-driven waves	9
Transformation of significant wave height and set-up due to entrained air bubbles effect in breaking waves	8
Ocean drifter velocity data assimilation, Part 1: Formulation and diagnostic results	8
Investigating appropriate artificial intelligence approaches to reliably predict coastal wave overtopping and identify process contributions	8
Investigating the impact of meteorological factors on sea-level variability in the northwestern Arabian gulf: A case study using deep learning and advanced statistical models for enhanced forecasting	8
Coastex wave calculation — A cost-efficient method for computing high-resolution wave conditions in coastal regions	8
Three-dimensional topographical effects on the generation of internal lee waves	8
Implementation and evaluation of a new parameterization of submesoscale vertical flux in a mesoscale-resolving model in the North Pacific	8
Downscaling of ocean fields by fusion of heterogeneous observations using Deep Learning algorithms	8
Diagnostic vs dynamic representation of the inverse barometer effect in a global ocean model and its potential for probabilistic storm surge forecasting	8
Improving compound flood modeling skill in coastal transition zones	8
Assimilation effect of serial observation data in the East Asian Marginal Seas for long period	8
The impact of wind–wave coupling with WBLM on coastal storm simulations	8
Satellite-based estimation of phytoplankton functional types in the Baltic Sea using a regionalized algorithm	8
Energetically consistent localised APE budgets for local and regional studies of stratified flow energetics	8
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation of nearshore Langmuir circulation and the formation of oil-particle aggregates	8
Accuracy assessment of recent global ocean tide models in coastal waters of the European North West Shelf	8
Scalable self attraction and loading calculations for unstructured ocean tide models	8
Investigation of multimodal wave climate using spectral partitioning and wave system tracking algorithms	8
A numerical study of multiscale current effects on waves in the northern South China Sea	7
Multi-year three-dimensional simulation of seasonal variation in phytoplankton species composition in a large shallow lake	7
High frequency radar observing system simulation experiment in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A Lagrangian assessment approach	7
Dependence of dense filament frontogenesis in a hydrostatic model	7
The response of East China Sea internal tides to ocean warming: intensified while maintaining seasonal contrasts	7
Numerical modeling of large spherical microplastics transport and deposition using CFD-DEM	7
sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga	7
Total water level prediction at continental scale: Coastal ocean	7
Application of Gaussian beam superposition method in the Wavefront model for internal tides	7
How fine is fine enough? Effect of mesh resolution on hydrodynamic simulations in coral reef environments	7
A simple and transparent method for improving the energetics and thermodynamics of seawater approximations: Static energy asymptotics (SEA)	7
Evolution of wave directional properties in sea ice	7
Laboratory validation of the extended SWASH model for modeling wave dynamics under depth-uniform ambient currents	6
A global high-resolution CMIP6 ensemble of wave climate simulations and projections using a coastal multigrid: Configuration and performance evaluation	6
The impact of climate change on the storm surges of the Mediterranean Sea: Coastal sea level responses to deep depression atmospheric systems	6
IW-PPM: A BP neural network model with feature engineering for internal wave propagation prediction in the Northern South China Sea	6
A boundary perturbation approach for regional wave ensemble forecast	6
Oblique interactions of mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves in the presence of variable topography	6
Sensitivity of boundary layer features to depth-dependent baroclinic pressure gradient and turbulent mixing in an ocean of finite depth	6
Enhancing model temperature estimations in shallow, turbid, coastal regions: Mobile Bay, Alabama	6
Wave climate projections off coastal French Guiana based on high-resolution modelling over the Atlantic Ocean	6
Spatiotemporal wave forecast with transformer-based network: A case study for the northwestern Pacific Ocean	6
The relationship between linearised 3D and 2DH models for tidally dominated shallow waters	6
Representing uncertainty in limited-area data assimilating ocean models	6
The fastest growing initial error and identification of sensitive area for targeted observation in predicting the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea with a high-resolution regional ocean mode	6
Explainable machine learning models for coastal pH forecasting at aquaculture-relevant thresholds in Eastern Canada	6
Modelling of hurricane Dorian via the implementation of Wave Boundary Layer Model (WBLM) within the OpenIFS	6
Model validation and applications of wave and current forecasts from the Hong Kong Observatory's Operational Marine Forecasting System	5
Wind-driven exchange flow and inter-basin connectivity in a multi-inlet bay during hurricane and non-hurricane periods	5
Ocean drifter velocity data assimilation Part 2: Forecast validation	5
A nonhydrostatic formulation for MPAS-Ocean	5
Combined surge-meteotsunami dynamics: A numerical model for hurricane Leslie on the coast of Portugal	5
Long-duration storm surges due to 2023 successive UK storms Ciarán and Domingos: Generation, field surveys, and numerical modelling	5
Ocean data assimilation for the initialization of seasonal prediction with the Community Earth System Model	5
Tidal effects on dynamics and freshwater transport of a medium-scale river plume with multiple outlets	5
Editorial Board	5
A paralleled embedding high-dimensional Bayesian optimization with additive Gaussian kernels for solving CNOP	5
Exploring the variability of a non-tidal marginal sea with a single-model ensemble	5
Effects of horizontal discretization on triangular and hexagonal grids on linear baroclinic and symmetric instabilities	5
A modified thermodynamic sea ice model and its application	5
Hydrodynamic modelling in marginal and coastal seas — The case of the Adriatic Sea as a permanent laboratory for numerical approach	5
On the directional distributions of the observation-based wind input and dissipation terms in a third-generation wave model	5
Inferring diapycnal mixing using the internal wave continuum from the high resolution ocean model	5
Evaluating Alternate Methods of 4D-Var Data Assimilation in a Coupled Hydrodynamic—Four-Component Biogeochemical Model of the California Current System	5
Wavelet ocean data assimilation	5
Improving cross-scale hydrodynamic simulations in the Chesapeake Bay with physically based calibration	5
On the effect of grid resolution and mixing schemes on mesoscale dynamics in coastal ocean models: Studies in a mid-latitude marginal sea (northern Adriatic Sea)	5
A structure-preserving nonstaggered central scheme for shallow water equations with wet–dry fronts and Coriolis force on triangles	5
The coastal macro-vortices dynamics in Hong Kong waters and its impact on water quality	5
Seasonal variation of intermediate meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea	5
Editorial Board	5
Deep learning approach for downscaling of significant wave height data from wave models	5
Assessing CMIP6 models in simulating meteo-oceanographic variability on Spanish continental coasts	4

Optimized sea ice simulation in MITgcm-ECCO2 forced by ERA5	4
How does assimilating satellite SSTs affected by strong diurnal warming impact higher latitude ocean forecasts?	4
Low dispersion finite volume/element discretization of the enhanced Green–Naghdi equations for wave propagation, breaking and runup on unstructured meshes	4
Dynamic effects of different turbulence closure schemes on Lagrangian residual velocity in an elongated bay	4
Empirical-singular-wavelet based machine learning models for sea level forecasting in the bosphorus strait: A performance analysis	4
An effective parameterization of broadband ocean surface albedo applicable to all skies	4
Adding baroclinicity to a global operational model for forecasting total water level: Approach and impact	4
A novel model for the study of future maritime climate using artificial neural networks and Monte Carlo simulations under the context of climate change	4
Tropical cyclone catalyzes seasonal transition of marginal sea: premature dissipation of cold pool	4
Revisiting tidal rectification by bottom topography	4
Variation of suspended-sediment caused by tidal asymmetry and wave effects	4
Impact of wave-current interaction on Hurricane Ian storm surge simulation	4
A bias correction method for total water level prediction at continental scale	4
Applying satellite sea surface temperature as Dirichlet-type surface thermal boundary condition in an ocean model	4
Challenges in improving Arctic freshwater simulations: An evaluation of CMIP6 models in the Beaufort Gyre region	4
Comparing two ocean biogeochemical models of Chesapeake Bay with and without the sulfur cycle instead highlights the importance of particle sinking, burial, organic matter, nitrification and light att	4
Editorial Board	4
Development of a multigrid operational forecast system for the oceanic region off Rio de Janeiro State	4
Seamless hydro-morphological simulation of nearshore sandbar migration across storm phases	4
Deep learning approaches in predicting tropical cyclone tracks: An analysis focused on the Northwest Pacific Region	4
The impact of rough topography on behaviors of mesoscale eddies as revealed by submesoscale resolving simulations	4
Harmonic generation in Palu Bay, Indonesia	4
Physical and biogeochemical responses in the Southern Ocean to a simple parameterization of Langmuir circulation	4
Three-dimensional structural characteristics and geometric morphology of marine heatwaves in the South China Sea	4
Hydrodynamic responses of estuarine bays along the Texas-Louisiana coast during Hurricane Harvey	4
An atmosphere–ocean coupled model for simulating physical and biogeochemical state of north Indian Ocean: Customisation and validation	4
On the coupling between surface waves and the motion in a flexible porous surface layer	4
Accuracy evaluation of global tidal models in the Bohai Sea via the combination of tide gauges and GFO satellite altimeters	4
Theory and analysis of acoustic-gravity waves in a free-surface compressible and stratified ocean: Impact of the bottom-boundary condition	4
Adaptation of the SANTOSS transport formula for 3D nearshore models: Application to cross-shore sandbar migration	4
Spatiotemporal variability and drivers of modeled primary production rates in the Northern Humboldt Current System	4
Wave condition prediction and uncertainty quantification based on SG-MCMC and deep learning model	4
Dispersion diagrams of linear damped waves on the equatorial beta plane	4
Impact of vertical resolution on representing baroclinic modes and water mass distribution in the North Atlantic	4
Three-dimensional structure reconstruction of ocean mesoscale eddies based on physical process modeling and data-driven machine learning	4
Energy balance and momentum budgets due to the internal tides generated by a group of submarine canyons	4
Sensitivity analysis of wind drift parameter for lagrangian particle model of dummy drift trajectory in the Northern South China Sea	4
Impact of parameterized wind-driven boundary layer turbulence on the development and evolution of submesoscale mixed layer eddies in an idealized front	4
Latitudinal dependence of circulation seasonality in the South China Sea and its response to ENSO	4
Improved Gulf Stream separation through Brinkman penalization	4
Bayesian estimation of ecosystem model parameters in the Black Sea: Integrating satellite observations to reduce uncertainty	3
Editorial Board	3
Antarctic sea ice prediction with A convolutional long short-term memory network	3
The seasonal variation of shallow meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea and the related dynamics	3
Editorial Board	3
DB-SICNet: A dual-branch model for predicting Arctic sea ice concentration	3
Numerical investigation of coastal profile evolution under effect of submerged flexible vegetation by XBeach wave model	3
The effect of tides on eddy viscosity via K-profile parameterization in the South China Sea near Luzon Strait	3
Marine chlorophyll-a prediction based on deep auto-encoded temporal convolutional network model	3
Simulating ice–wave interactions in the Laurentian Great Lakes using a fully coupled hydrodynamic–ice–wave model	3
Role of atmospheric and oceanographic frequency variability on surface Marine Heatwaves in the Northern Humboldt Current System	3
Numerical simulations of ocean surface waves in the China Seas	3
Modelling the effect of sea ice in an ocean tide model	3
Editorial Board	3
Weather-type statistical downscaling for ocean wave climate in the Chinese marginal seas	3
Regional ocean model uncertainties using stochastic parameterizations and a global atmospheric ensemble	3
Parameterization of surface roller evolution in wave-induced current modeling	3
Editorial Board	3
A hybrid model for significant wave height prediction based on an improved empirical wavelet transform decomposition and long-short term memory network	3
An analysis of surface waves in the Caribbean Sea based on a high-resolution numerical wave model	3
APPLE-MASNUM: Accelerating parallel processing for lightweight expansion of MASNUM on a single multi-GPU node	3
Arctic ice-ocean interactions in an 8-to-2 kilometer resolution global model	3
Characteristics and trends of ocean turbulent mixing models research in 1990–2023 based on bibliometric analysis	3
Significant wave height prediction using a novel hybrid model of group method of data handling	3
A study on the drag coefficient of emergent flexible vegetation under regular waves	3
Towards realistic dynamic topography from coast to offshore by incorporating hydrodynamic and geoid models	3
Method for extracting the core of jet streams based on streamline ensemble analysis and its verification using the Kuroshio (Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension) as an example	3
Energetically consistent rotated diffusion and lateral stirring surfaces in the ocean	3
RLM: Rearranged level-set method - An efficient approach for calculating temporally continuous Lagrangian Residual Velocities	3
CanESM5-derived ocean wave projections — Considerations for coarse resolution climate models	3
Modelling beaches morphodynamic by Hadamard sensitivity analysis	3
Effectiveness of the Offline Fennel model for biogeochemical simulations in the Mediterranean Sea	3
Enhanced regional ocean ensemble data assimilation through atmospheric coupling in the SKRIPS model	3
Skin sea surface temperature diagnostics in a regional ocean model	3
Editorial Board	3
Evaluating westward and eastward propagating mesoscale eddies using a 1/10° global ocean simulation of CAS-LICOM3	3
A deep hybrid network for significant wave height estimation	3
A self-similar description of the wave fields generated by tropical cyclones	3
Modeling the long-term transport and fate of oil spilled from the 2021 A Symphony tanker collision in the Yellow Sea, China: Reliability of the stochastic simulation	3
Multivariate Upstream Kuroshio Transport (UKT) Prediction and Targeted Observation Sensitive Area Identification of UKT Seasonal Reduction	3
Impact of 4D-Var data assimilation on modelling of the East China Sea dynamics	3
Impact of assimilating CFOSAT SWIM omnidirectional spectra on tropical cyclone wind–wave modeling	3
Surface wave impacts on turbulent roughness length parameterization	3
Theoretical solution of vortex splitting due to islands effect on the vortex	3
A new EnOI-based multiscale assimilation system for global ocean circulation model	3
Editorial Board	3
The seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Circulation: Roles of fronts, thermoclines, and tidal rectification	3
Toward a digital twin of the Great Barrier Reef: Impact of extreme model resolution on tidal simulations	2
Evaluation of Earth System Models outputs over the continental Portuguese coast: A historical comparison between CMIP5 and CMIP6	2
Corrigendum to “Dispersion diagrams of linear damped waves on the equatorial beta plane” [Volume 188 (2024) 102336]	2
The wave-induced heat transport in the global ocean	2
A comparative assessment of different machine learning algorithms for estimating near realistic salinity in the North Indian Ocean	2
Characterizing vertical upper ocean temperature structures in the European Arctic through unsupervised machine learning	2
Advancing multi-scale wave modeling: Global and coastal applications during the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season	2
Stokes drift in crossing windsea and swell, and its effect on near-shore particle transport in Lofoten, Northern Norway	2