Ocean Modelling

Article	Citations
Tidal estimates from sun-synchronous satellite altimeters in the Bohai Sea via an improved harmonic analysis model	104
Editorial Board	65
Internal solitary waves with different density distribution approximation schemes in background shear currents	55
Generating unseen nonlinear evolution in the ocean using deep learning-based latent space data assimilation model	54
Large eddy simulation of focused breaking waves with different wave steepness	41
A regional NEMO 4.0 configuration of the subpolar North Atlantic	37
Lagrangian analysis of submesoscale flows from sparse data using Gaussian Process Regression for field reconstruction	35
Source inversion and trans-Pacific simulation of the 2025 Kamchatka Mw 8.8 tsunami	30
Cross-scale prediction for the Laurentian Great Lakes	27
A deep-learning real-time bias correction method for significant wave height forecasts in the Western North Pacific	27
Tsunami warning cancellation based on data assimilation with a nonlinear propagation model: Application to the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake	27
Effect of the different stratification changes along the two sides of a typhoon track on near-inertial energy propagation	26
Improving Kuroshio forecasts with an eddy-resolving AI prediction system	26
Reconstructing the spatiotemporal evolution of internal solitary wave profiles from SAR observations using a numerically-guided physics-informed neural network	25
HyTCWaves: A Hybrid model for downscaling Tropical Cyclone induced extreme Waves climate	25
Editorial Board	23
The influence of tidal currents and sea ice on wave dynamics in Cook Inlet, Alaska	22
Editorial Board	22
Assessment of projected changes in mean and extreme wave power across the Indian coastal sectors under high-emission climate scenarios	21
4D-Var data assimilation in a nested model of the Mid-Atlantic Bight	21
High-resolution, non-hydrostatic simulation of internal tides and solitary waves in the southern East China Sea	21
Modelling secondary circulations in stratified bi-directional flows: A potential mechanism for flux transfer from lower to upper fluid layers	19
Highly nonlinear internal solitary waves with a free surface	19
Chlorophyll-a in Chesapeake Bay based on VIIRS satellite data: Spatiotemporal variability and prediction with machine learning	18
Comprehensive characterization of Marine Heatwaves in a coastal Northern Humboldt Current System regional model over recent decades	18

Attention-enhanced deep learning model for reconstruction and downscaling of thermocline depth in the tropical Indian Ocean	18
Seasonal dynamics of water circulation and exchange flows in a shallow lagoon-inlet-coastal ocean system	17
Suppression of submesoscale currents by a tropical cyclone	17
Performance evaluation of a global CMIP6 single forcing, multi wave model ensemble of wave climate simulations	17
Quantify the compound effects caused by the interactions between inland river system and coastal processes in hurricane coastal flooding through controlled hydrodynamic modeling experiments	17
Effect of western Pacific current uncertainties on the forecasting of eddy shedding from the Kuroshio loop into the South China Sea: A case study	16
The predictability study of oceanic deep learning models: Taking Kuroshio intrusion into South China Sea as an example	16
The simulation of the South China Sea by the variable resolution version of the global ocean general circulation model LICOM3.0	16
Editorial Board	15
Application of data-driven mixing parameterization scheme in a regional ocean model	15
Storm surge modelling along European coastlines: The effect of the spatio-temporal resolution of the atmospheric forcing	15
Spurious internal wave generation during data assimilation in eddy resolving ocean model simulations	14
On the ability of OMIP models to simulate the ocean mixed layer depth and its seasonal cycle in the Arctic Ocean	14
A robust sponge layer relaxation scheme for complex open boundary regional ocean model	13
Simulating oceanic responses to Super Typhoon Bolaven (2023) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean using a numerical model coupled with machine learning-based ocean vertical mixing parameterization	13
On the application of the two-time stepping Euler forward Runge-Kutta schemes to the shallow water equations: Global truncation error, numerical viscosity, consistency, energy conservation, inertial s	13
Analysis of the impact of vertical variation and temporal frequency of the chlorophyll forcing field on modelled temperature in the Mediterranean Sea and potential implications for regional climate pr	13
The mechanism of the ENSO diversity predictability paradox	13
Corrigendum to “Neural Synthetic Profiles from Remote Sensing and Observations (NeSPReSO) — Reconstructing temperature and salinity fields in the Gulf of Mexico” [Ocean Modelling 196 (2025) 102550]	13
On global wave height climatology and trends from multiplatform altimeter measurements and wave hindcast	13
An optimization method of adjoint assimilation based on the cumulative gradient: An application for correction of the bottom friction coefficient in the tidal wave model	12
Multi-model physics informed neural networks to the shallow water equations for cosine bell advection	12
Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022	12
A deep learning approach to predict sea surface temperature based on multiple modes	12
Barotropic tides and residual transport in Port Foster (Deception Island, Antarctica)	12
Toward improved spatially-resolved estimates of fine suspended sediment in shallow morphologically-complex estuaries	12
Impact of phytoplankton, CDOM, and suspended sediments on the vertical attenuation of light, changing heat content and circulation on a continental shelf: A modelling study of the Great Barrier Reef	12
Modeling the sea-surface pCO2 of the central Bay of Bengal region using machine learning algorithms	12
Three decades of interannual variability in modeled primary production in the Peruvian Upwelling Region (1993–2022)	12
Benchmarking a two-way coupled coastal wave–current hydrodynamics model	11
An “objective” definition of potential vorticity. Generalized evolution equation and application to the study of coastal upwelling instability	11
Reconstructing 3D ocean subsurface salinity (OSS) from T–S mapping via a data-driven deep learning model	11
Advancing sea level anomaly modeling in the black sea with LSTM Auto-Encoders: A novel approach	11
Assessing the effects of climate change on the Gulf of Mexico wave climate using the COWCLIP framework and the PRECIS regional climate model	11
Normal and reverse storm surges along the coast of Florida during the September 2022 Hurricane Ian: Observations, analysis, and modelling	11
Modeling sediment movement in the shallow-water framework: A morpho-hydrodynamic approach with numerical simulations and experimental validation	11
Interaction of two oblique internal solitary waves in the presence of shoaling topography and rotation	11
High-frequency wave dynamics in mixed seas: The influence of swells on wind waves characteristics	11
A numerical assessment of the dispersion of dissolved pollutants in the Arabian Gulf associated with the Barakah nuclear power plant	11
A deep learning approach to predict significant wave height using long short-term memory	11
Improving the prediction of ecosystem indicators by assimilating biogeochemical data from multiplatform observing systems	11
The Young’s modulus of an Antarctic iceberg: The first estimate from a coupled fluid–elasticity model constrained by reconstructed in-situ data	10
Exploring the tsunami generation potential of major faults in the sicilian channel using 3D numerical modeling	10
Impact of atmospheric forcing on SST biases in the LETKF-based ocean research analysis (LORA)	10
Mechanism of a meteorological tsunami reaching the Japanese coast caused by Lamb and Pekeris waves generated by the 2022 Tonga eruption	10
Modelling the effects of different winter wind fields on water exchange dynamics in the Bohai Strait: Mechanisms and implications	10
Wave-induced mean currents and setup over barred and steep sandy beaches	10
The Impacts of Air-Sea Fluxes and Model Resolution on Seasonal and Inter-Annual Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation across the OSNAP West Section	10
Evaluation of parametric tropical cyclone wind models for representing storm surge and wave heights in the Queensland region	10
Non-uniform downscaling data assimilation algorithm in variational framework	10

Correction of GLS turbulence closure for wave-resolving models with stratification	10
The detection of Arctic sea ice linear kinematic features using LadderNet	10
Impact of offshore wind farm monopiles on hydrodynamics interacting with wind-driven waves	10
Impact of islands on the cross-shelf transport among the Pearl River Estuary, its adjacent coast and inner shelf	10
Assessing the effects of sea level rise on ocean waves and surge events along the victorian coast	10
The south–north equatorial asymmetrical distribution of Chlorophyll in El Niño events in the observations and CMIP6 models	10
Study of the tidal dynamics in the Southwestern Atlantic Continental Shelf based on data assimilation	10
CODAR data assimilation into an integrated ocean forecasting system for the Brazilian Southeastern coast	9
The impact of wind–wave coupling with WBLM on coastal storm simulations	9
Satellite-based estimation of phytoplankton functional types in the Baltic Sea using a regionalized algorithm	9
Improving compound flood modeling skill in coastal transition zones	9
Coastex wave calculation — A cost-efficient method for computing high-resolution wave conditions in coastal regions	9
Accuracy assessment of recent global ocean tide models in coastal waters of the European North West Shelf	9
Downscaling of ocean fields by fusion of heterogeneous observations using Deep Learning algorithms	9
Transformation of significant wave height and set-up due to entrained air bubbles effect in breaking waves	9
Investigating appropriate artificial intelligence approaches to reliably predict coastal wave overtopping and identify process contributions	9
Investigation of multimodal wave climate using spectral partitioning and wave system tracking algorithms	9
Investigating the impact of meteorological factors on sea-level variability in the northwestern Arabian gulf: A case study using deep learning and advanced statistical models for enhanced forecasting	9
Assimilation effect of serial observation data in the East Asian Marginal Seas for long period	9
Implementation and evaluation of a new parameterization of submesoscale vertical flux in a mesoscale-resolving model in the North Pacific	9
Three-dimensional topographical effects on the generation of internal lee waves	9
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation of nearshore Langmuir circulation and the formation of oil-particle aggregates	9
Diagnostic vs dynamic representation of the inverse barometer effect in a global ocean model and its potential for probabilistic storm surge forecasting	9
A simple and transparent method for improving the energetics and thermodynamics of seawater approximations: Static energy asymptotics (SEA)	8
A numerical study of multiscale current effects on waves in the northern South China Sea	8
Ocean drifter velocity data assimilation, Part 1: Formulation and diagnostic results	8
Scalable self attraction and loading calculations for unstructured ocean tide models	8
Multi-year three-dimensional simulation of seasonal variation in phytoplankton species composition in a large shallow lake	8
The response of East China Sea internal tides to ocean warming: intensified while maintaining seasonal contrasts	8
Energetically consistent localised APE budgets for local and regional studies of stratified flow energetics	8
sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga	8
Application of Gaussian beam superposition method in the Wavefront model for internal tides	8
High frequency radar observing system simulation experiment in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A Lagrangian assessment approach	7
Lagrangian pathways and wind-modulated dynamics of cross-shelf transport in the Northern South China Sea: A case study of June 2020	7
VMD-SSTM: A sea surface temperature forecast model based on multi-scale information in the Western Indian Ocean	7
A boundary perturbation approach for regional wave ensemble forecast	7
Evolution of wave directional properties in sea ice	7
Total water level prediction at continental scale: Coastal ocean	7
How fine is fine enough? Effect of mesh resolution on hydrodynamic simulations in coral reef environments	7
Dependence of dense filament frontogenesis in a hydrostatic model	7
The relationship between linearised 3D and 2DH models for tidally dominated shallow waters	7
Characterization of the climate-change-induced major floods on the southeast Australian coast	7
Numerical modeling of large spherical microplastics transport and deposition using CFD-DEM	7
Modelling of hurricane Dorian via the implementation of Wave Boundary Layer Model (WBLM) within the OpenIFS	7
Laboratory validation of the extended SWASH model for modeling wave dynamics under depth-uniform ambient currents	7
Exploring the variability of a non-tidal marginal sea with a single-model ensemble	6
IW-PPM: A BP neural network model with feature engineering for internal wave propagation prediction in the Northern South China Sea	6
Spatiotemporal wave forecast with transformer-based network: A case study for the northwestern Pacific Ocean	6
Representing uncertainty in limited-area data assimilating ocean models	6
The fastest growing initial error and identification of sensitive area for targeted observation in predicting the Kuroshio intrusion into the South China Sea with a high-resolution regional ocean mode	6
Explainable machine learning models for coastal pH forecasting at aquaculture-relevant thresholds in Eastern Canada	6
Combined surge-meteotsunami dynamics: A numerical model for hurricane Leslie on the coast of Portugal	6
Effects of horizontal discretization on triangular and hexagonal grids on linear baroclinic and symmetric instabilities	6
A paralleled embedding high-dimensional Bayesian optimization with additive Gaussian kernels for solving CNOP	6
Oblique interactions of mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves in the presence of variable topography	6
Sensitivity of boundary layer features to depth-dependent baroclinic pressure gradient and turbulent mixing in an ocean of finite depth	6
Improving cross-scale hydrodynamic simulations in the Chesapeake Bay with physically based calibration	6
Surrogate-assisted global calibration of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model using machine learning	6
The impact of climate change on the storm surges of the Mediterranean Sea: Coastal sea level responses to deep depression atmospheric systems	6
A global high-resolution CMIP6 ensemble of wave climate simulations and projections using a coastal multigrid: Configuration and performance evaluation	6
On the effect of grid resolution and mixing schemes on mesoscale dynamics in coastal ocean models: Studies in a mid-latitude marginal sea (northern Adriatic Sea)	6
Wave climate projections off coastal French Guiana based on high-resolution modelling over the Atlantic Ocean	6
Enhancing model temperature estimations in shallow, turbid, coastal regions: Mobile Bay, Alabama	6
Model validation and applications of wave and current forecasts from the Hong Kong Observatory's Operational Marine Forecasting System	5
Inferring diapycnal mixing using the internal wave continuum from the high resolution ocean model	5
Seasonal variation of intermediate meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea	5
Theory and analysis of acoustic-gravity waves in a free-surface compressible and stratified ocean: Impact of the bottom-boundary condition	5
Optimized sea ice simulation in MITgcm-ECCO2 forced by ERA5	5
Development of a multigrid operational forecast system for the oceanic region off Rio de Janeiro State	5
Long-duration storm surges due to 2023 successive UK storms Ciarán and Domingos: Generation, field surveys, and numerical modelling	5
On the directional distributions of the observation-based wind input and dissipation terms in a third-generation wave model	5
Evaluating Alternate Methods of 4D-Var Data Assimilation in a Coupled Hydrodynamic—Four-Component Biogeochemical Model of the California Current System	5
Impact of parameterized wind-driven boundary layer turbulence on the development and evolution of submesoscale mixed layer eddies in an idealized front	5
Tidal effects on dynamics and freshwater transport of a medium-scale river plume with multiple outlets	5
A nonhydrostatic formulation for MPAS-Ocean	5
A modified thermodynamic sea ice model and its application	5
Hydrodynamic modelling in marginal and coastal seas — The case of the Adriatic Sea as a permanent laboratory for numerical approach	5
A bias correction method for total water level prediction at continental scale	5
Variation of suspended-sediment caused by tidal asymmetry and wave effects	5
Challenges in improving Arctic freshwater simulations: An evaluation of CMIP6 models in the Beaufort Gyre region	5

Energy balance and momentum budgets due to the internal tides generated by a group of submarine canyons	5
Ocean data assimilation for the initialization of seasonal prediction with the Community Earth System Model	5
Editorial Board	5
Harmonic generation in Palu Bay, Indonesia	5
Reduced-order surrogates for forced flexible mesh coastal-ocean models	5
Wavelet ocean data assimilation	5
Ocean drifter velocity data assimilation Part 2: Forecast validation	5
A structure-preserving nonstaggered central scheme for shallow water equations with wet–dry fronts and Coriolis force on triangles	5
Tropical cyclone catalyzes seasonal transition of marginal sea: premature dissipation of cold pool	5
Empirical-singular-wavelet based machine learning models for sea level forecasting in the bosphorus strait: A performance analysis	5
Adaptation of the SANTOSS transport formula for 3D nearshore models: Application to cross-shore sandbar migration	5
Comparing two ocean biogeochemical models of Chesapeake Bay with and without the sulfur cycle instead highlights the importance of particle sinking, burial, organic matter, nitrification and light att	5
Deep learning approach for downscaling of significant wave height data from wave models	5
An atmosphere–ocean coupled model for simulating physical and biogeochemical state of north Indian Ocean: Customisation and validation	5
Editorial Board	5
Three-dimensional structural characteristics and geometric morphology of marine heatwaves in the South China Sea	5
Wind-driven exchange flow and inter-basin connectivity in a multi-inlet bay during hurricane and non-hurricane periods	5
A self-similar description of the wave fields generated by tropical cyclones	4
Arctic ice-ocean interactions in an 8-to-2 kilometer resolution global model	4
Spatiotemporal variability and drivers of modeled primary production rates in the Northern Humboldt Current System	4
How does assimilating satellite SSTs affected by strong diurnal warming impact higher latitude ocean forecasts?	4
A novel model for the study of future maritime climate using artificial neural networks and Monte Carlo simulations under the context of climate change	4
Impact of wave-current interaction on Hurricane Ian storm surge simulation	4
Physical and biogeochemical responses in the Southern Ocean to a simple parameterization of Langmuir circulation	4
Surface wave impacts on turbulent roughness length parameterization	4
Wave condition prediction and uncertainty quantification based on SG-MCMC and deep learning model	4
Impact of vertical resolution on representing baroclinic modes and water mass distribution in the North Atlantic	4
Hydrodynamic responses of estuarine bays along the Texas-Louisiana coast during Hurricane Harvey	4
The impact of rough topography on behaviors of mesoscale eddies as revealed by submesoscale resolving simulations	4
An effective parameterization of broadband ocean surface albedo applicable to all skies	4
Marine chlorophyll-a prediction based on deep auto-encoded temporal convolutional network model	4
Simulating ice–wave interactions in the Laurentian Great Lakes using a fully coupled hydrodynamic–ice–wave model	4
Accuracy evaluation of global tidal models in the Bohai Sea via the combination of tide gauges and GFO satellite altimeters	4
Assessing CMIP6 models in simulating meteo-oceanographic variability on Spanish continental coasts	4
Latitudinal dependence of circulation seasonality in the South China Sea and its response to ENSO	4
Low dispersion finite volume/element discretization of the enhanced Green–Naghdi equations for wave propagation, breaking and runup on unstructured meshes	4
Editorial Board	4
Nonlinear wave transformation across a beach platform backed by a coastal dune: A physical modelling study	4
Improved Gulf Stream separation through Brinkman penalization	4
Impact of 4D-Var data assimilation on modelling of the East China Sea dynamics	4
The effect of tides on eddy viscosity via K-profile parameterization in the South China Sea near Luzon Strait	4
Significant wave height prediction using a novel hybrid model of group method of data handling	4
Multivariate Upstream Kuroshio Transport (UKT) Prediction and Targeted Observation Sensitive Area Identification of UKT Seasonal Reduction	4
Towards realistic dynamic topography from coast to offshore by incorporating hydrodynamic and geoid models	4
Applying satellite sea surface temperature as Dirichlet-type surface thermal boundary condition in an ocean model	4
Revisiting tidal rectification by bottom topography	4
Three-dimensional structure reconstruction of ocean mesoscale eddies based on physical process modeling and data-driven machine learning	4
Dynamic effects of different turbulence closure schemes on Lagrangian residual velocity in an elongated bay	4
Deep learning approaches in predicting tropical cyclone tracks: An analysis focused on the Northwest Pacific Region	4
Sensitivity analysis of wind drift parameter for lagrangian particle model of dummy drift trajectory in the Northern South China Sea	4
Seamless hydro-morphological simulation of nearshore sandbar migration across storm phases	4
Editorial Board	4
Dispersion diagrams of linear damped waves on the equatorial beta plane	4
A study on the drag coefficient of emergent flexible vegetation under regular waves	4
Effects of nitrate supply and light attenuation from the Zhe-Min Coastal Water and Hanjiang River plume on winter phytoplankton off eastern Guangdong	3
Editorial Board	3
Editorial Board	3
Editorial Board	3
Weather-type statistical downscaling for ocean wave climate in the Chinese marginal seas	3
Editorial Board	3
Method for extracting the core of jet streams based on streamline ensemble analysis and its verification using the Kuroshio (Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension) as an example	3
Parameterization of surface roller evolution in wave-induced current modeling	3
Global wave model performance in the vicinity of the Monterey Bay, California	3
4D-Var data assimilation and observation impact on surface transport of HF-Radar derived surface currents in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea	3
Dynamic and thermodynamic coupling between the atmosphere and ocean near the Kuroshio current and extension system	3
RLM: Rearranged level-set method - An efficient approach for calculating temporally continuous Lagrangian Residual Velocities	3
Editorial Board	3
Impact of assimilating CFOSAT SWIM omnidirectional spectra on tropical cyclone wind–wave modeling	3
Antarctic sea ice prediction with A convolutional long short-term memory network	3
An analysis of surface waves in the Caribbean Sea based on a high-resolution numerical wave model	3
Modeling the long-term transport and fate of oil spilled from the 2021 A Symphony tanker collision in the Yellow Sea, China: Reliability of the stochastic simulation	3
A deep hybrid network for significant wave height estimation	3
DB-SICNet: A dual-branch model for predicting Arctic sea ice concentration	3
Numerical simulations of ocean surface waves in the China Seas	3
The seasonal variation of shallow meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea and the related dynamics	3
The seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Circulation: Roles of fronts, thermoclines, and tidal rectification	3
Numerical investigation of coastal profile evolution under effect of submerged flexible vegetation by XBeach wave model	3
Machine learning-based intelligent parameterization of source functions in numerical wave model	3
A method for preserving nominally-resolved flow patterns in low-resolution ocean simulations: Constrained dynamics	3
Editorial Board	3
Characteristics and trends of ocean turbulent mixing models research in 1990–2023 based on bibliometric analysis	3
Evaluating westward and eastward propagating mesoscale eddies using a 1/10° global ocean simulation of CAS-LICOM3	3
Enhanced regional ocean ensemble data assimilation through atmospheric coupling in the SKRIPS model	3
Role of atmospheric and oceanographic frequency variability on surface Marine Heatwaves in the Northern Humboldt Current System	3
Modelling beaches morphodynamic by Hadamard sensitivity analysis	3
Regional ocean model uncertainties using stochastic parameterizations and a global atmospheric ensemble	3
Bayesian estimation of ecosystem model parameters in the Black Sea: Integrating satellite observations to reduce uncertainty	3
Energetically consistent rotated diffusion and lateral stirring surfaces in the ocean	3
Effectiveness of the Offline Fennel model for biogeochemical simulations in the Mediterranean Sea	3
APPLE-MASNUM: Accelerating parallel processing for lightweight expansion of MASNUM on a single multi-GPU node	3
Numerical simulation of upper ocean responses to the passage of a submesoscale eddy	3
Theoretical solution of vortex splitting due to islands effect on the vortex	3
Impact of tropical cyclones on the hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of the radial sand ridge system in the southern Yellow Sea	3
CanESM5-derived ocean wave projections — Considerations for coarse resolution climate models	3
A hybrid model for significant wave height prediction based on an improved empirical wavelet transform decomposition and long-short term memory network	3