Ecological Indicators

Papers
(The TQCC of Ecological Indicators is 17. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-06-01 to 2025-06-01.)
ArticleCitations
UAV-based emergency treatment plan for flood disasters at the Hongyanhe nuclear power plant268
Spatiotemporal pattern of vegetation water use efficiency between 2003 and 2017 and its coupling relationship with artificial carbon sequestration in the karst region of Southwestern China234
Plant-soil feedbacks in Hydrocotyle vulgaris: Genotypic differences and relations to functional traits228
Relationships between a catchment-scale forest disturbance index, time delays, and chemical properties of surface water227
The comprehensive effect of natural food quality and quantity on growth rate of herbivore consumers206
Hyperspectral remote sensing of chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a pigments for macrobenthos mapping on an estuarine tidal flat197
Quantifying relative contributions of biotic interactions to bacterial diversity and community assembly by using community characteristics of microbial eukaryotes183
How the flow and sediment pulse influencing the distribution and functional gene composition of bacterial communities? Case study of the lower Yellow River, China174
Soil attributes are more important than others in shaping the diversity of cultivated land quality types, southern China173
Where forest may not return in the western United States172
Phased responses of urban tree canopy cover changes to urbanization process within Beijing’s built-up area: An analytical framework coupling state, transition, and drivers162
Integrating ecosystem stress into the assessment of ecosystem health in karst areas and exploring its driving factors162
High-resolution estimation of industrial water use in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei based on multi-source data161
Ecosystems face the risk of ecological deficits in the southern foothills of the Himalayas161
A multi-source data fusion method to retrieve soil moisture dynamics and its influencing factors analysis in the ecological zone of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau159
Shells of Pearlmussels, Margaritifera dahurica (Bivalvia: Margaritiferidae), as a biogeochemical indicator of the background (Holocene) and current major and trace elements content in riverine waters 155
Developing an early warning system and risk assessment based on model for heat damage in rice155
DPSR-based study and assessment of the influence pathways of Shanghai urban development level on river methane emission potential during 2011–2020153
Emergetic and cosmic exergy-based ecological assessments of long-term raised field eco-farming systems in saline–alkaline lands153
Response of soil phosphorus fractions to land use change in the subalpine ecosystems of Southeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Southwest China145
The variation of the 400 mm isohyet and its influence mechanism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1982 to 2021142
Incremental evolution of modeling a prognosis for polar bears in a rapidly changing Arctic140
A method based on elitist genetic algorithm for calibrating the thermo-physical surface indicators: Its principles, validation and application to bioswales138
Definition criteria determine the success of old-growth mapping137
Carabid beetles as indicators of stream zonation136
Effects of country success on COVID-19 cumulative cases and excess deaths in 169 countries135
Effects of sample gear on estuarine nekton assemblage assessments and food web model simulations134
Feature-dependent group structures and hierarchical songbird-habitat relationships in a managed forest landscape133
Co-occurrence patterns and community assembly mechanisms of benthic foraminiferal communities in South Chinese bays133
‘Pulsing’ cities and ‘swarming’ metropolises: A simplified, entropy-based approach to long-term urban development131
CSR strategy composition and leaf traits for herbaceous plants in garden design129
Long-term monitoring of a species suite of ecological indicators: A coordinated conservation framework for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem129
A novel remote sensing method for monitoring Large-Scale grassland aboveground Biomass: The case study of grassland key belt in the Tibetan Plateau128
Interactions between landscape structure and bird mobility traits affect the connectivity of agroecosystem networks128
Spatio-temporal explicit mapping and quantification of ecosystem services provision area: An application for wind erosion prevention service in northern China127
Determining the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the ecosystem multifunctionality in a desert-oasis ecotone127
Quantifying land use heterogeneity on drought conditions for mitigation strategies development in the Dongjiang River Basin, China127
Water quality index including periphyton chlorophyll-a in forested urban watersheds from Tierra del Fuego (Argentina)126
Negative influence of a threatened species on ecological status classification: A case study of the influence of European eel within the Swedish fish index VIX123
Tropical vs. temperate sea turtle population resilience to extreme temperatures122
Environmental and economic sustainability of key sectors in China's steel industry chain: An application of the Emergy Accounting approach122
Integrating seasonal variation into conservation planning can provide extra benefits: A case study in the Tana River Basin, Kenya121
A framework for large-scale analyses of ecosystem health and its driving factors in complex underlying basins121
Regional water cycle health evaluation and obstacle factor analysis: A case study of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province, China121
Assessing the effects of environmental factors on filtration rate of golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei)119
Visualization and categorization of ecological acoustic events based on discriminant features119
Desert oasis vegetation information extraction by PLANET and unmanned aerial vehicle image fusion118
Impacts of spatial scale on the delineation of spatiotemporal urban expansion118
Assessment and source apportionment of toxic metal in soils using integrated positive matrix factorization and Bayesian maximum entropy: A case study in Z county, southeastern China117
Optimal region connection: Establishing effective ecological corridors for biodiversity conservation in Yunnan Province, China117
Response of spatial and temporal variations of ecosystem service value to land use/land cover transformation in the upper basin of Miyun Reservoir117
Persistent exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) accelerates metamorphosis and colonization in larvae of marine shellfish116
Key indicators for Pre-Warning risks associated with urbanization in China115
Factors on the distribution, migration, and leaching of potential toxic metals in the soil and risk assessment around the zinc smelter115
Using handheld mobile laser scanning to quantify fine-scale surface fuels and detect changes post-disturbance in northern California forests114
Grazing intensity estimation in temperate typical grasslands of Inner Mongolia using machine learning models113
Global temporal and spatial changes of vegetation in desert steppe Ecosystems: Impacts of climate driving factors112
BBEST practices: Intentional efforts to identify elusive flow-ecology thresholds111
Dynamic processes of water conflicts and their coupling with water crises in Asia’s transboundary river basins110
Continental-scale wetland mapping: A novel algorithm for detailed wetland types classification based on time series Sentinel-1/2 images109
The non-significant correlation between landscape ecological risk and ecosystem services in Xi'an Metropolitan Area, China109
Reconstructing cave past to manage and conserve cave present and future108
Ecosystem functioning and ecological status in the Venice lagoon, which relationships?108
Exclusion of plant input affects the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition107
Invasive Spartina alterniflora in controlled cultivation: Environmental implications of converging future technologies107
Land use changes and natural disaster fatalities: Empirical analysis for India103
Proposal of new Natura 2000 network boundaries in Spain based on the value of importance for biodiversity and connectivity analysis for its improvement98
Evaluation and optimization of a long-term fish monitoring program in the Hudson River97
Monitoring microplastic pollution: The potential and limitations of Nephrops norvegicus95
Towards ecosystem service assessment: Developing biophysical indicators for forest ecosystem services94
Accounting for the water related ecosystem services of forests in the Southern Aegean region of Turkey94
Urban compactness and patch complexity influence PM2.5 concentrations in contrasting ways: Evidence from the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China94
Negative spill-over effects of agricultural practices on plant species conservation in nature reserves93
A differential game analysis of multi-regional coalition for transboundary pollution problems93
Land use/cover change simulation research: A system literature review based on bibliometric analyses93
Optimizing the airborne laser scanning estimation of basal area larger than mean (BALM<91
The multi-dimensional perspective of ecological security evaluation and drive mechanism for Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve, China90
Effects of soil moisture on organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake by dominant plant species in Zoigê alpine wetlands90
Geotagging of natural history collections for reuse in environmental research90
Urban rivers health assessment based on the concept of resilience using improved FCM-EWM-MABAC model89
Quantifying the effect of environmental drivers on water conservation variation in the eastern Loess Plateau, China89
Hydraulic conductivity regulates tree growth and drought resistance in semi-arid mixed forests of northern China88
Insights into evaluating the toxic effects of nitrofurazone on ecological integrity in marine ecosystems using periphytic ciliate communities88
Identification and scenario prediction of degree of wetland damage in Guangxi based on the CA-Markov model87
Spatial non-stationarity effects of the driving factors on landscape ecological risk: A case of the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Urban Agglomeration, China87
Concept and method of drought disaster risk measurement based on drought propagation level--a case study of AnHui Province87
Nematode as a biomonitoring model for evaluating ecological risks of heavy metals in sediments from an urban river87
Change in grass hill size can signal species diversity changes and ecosystem state transitions during alpine wetland degradation86
Influences of anthropogenic acids on carbonate weathering and CO2 sink in an agricultural karst wetland (South China)86
Seasonal hydrological traits in Salix psammophila and its responses to soil moisture and meteorological factors in desert areas85
Functional and trophic variations in macrofaunal assemblage reflect the ecological effects of bottom-based clam farming84
The differential responses of gas exchange and evapotranspiration to experimental drought for seedlings of two typical tree species on the Loess Plateau84
Meeting the challenges of the waste hierarchy: A performance evaluation of EU countries84
Spatial distribution characteristics and variability of urban ecological welfare performance in the Yangtze River economic Belt: Evidence from 70 cities83
Trends in vegetation and height of the topographic surface in a tidal freshwater swamp experiencing rooting zone saltwater intrusion83
Ecophysio-optical traits of semiarid Nebraska grasslands under different Juniperus virginiana and Pinus ponderosa canopy covers83
Precipitation variation since 1748 CE in the central Lesser Khingan Mountains, Northeast China83
Accelerated vegetative growth measured by gross primary productivity in China from 1980 to 201882
The probabilistic site-specific species pool and dark diversity in the terrestrialized urban mangroves82
N-microbial properties are key indicators of fertility in maturating technosols constructed for urban landscapes81
Real curve: Identifying and quantifying the real environmental effects on migration in China80
Disproportionate increase of flood-exposed population in Chinese cities under urban expansion and climate variation80
Long-term effect of island industrial construction on groundwater health risk80
Selection of suitable aggregation function for estimation of water quality index for the Orontes River79
A spectrum contextual self-attention deep learning network for hyperspectral inversion of soil metals79
Inversed virtual water flow pattern and its influencing factors in Northwest China79
Monitoring phycocyanin concentrations in high-latitude inland lakes using Sentinel-3 OLCI data: The case of Lake Hulun, China79
Multilevel green space ecological network collaborative optimization from the perspective of scale effect78
Evaluating the conservation priority of key biodiversity areas based on ecosystem conditions and anthropogenic threats in rapidly urbanizing areas78
Anthropogenic-induced environmental changes in the Nile-delta and their consequences on molluscan biodiversity and community structure77
Assessing the impacts of rural depopulation and urbanization on vegetation cover: Based on land use and nighttime light data in China, 2000–202076
Effects of a chain of reservoirs on temporal and spatial variation in water chemistry within an endorheic basin76
Are ecosystem service bundles useful for mountainous landscape function zoning and management? A case study of Bailongjiang watershed in western China76
Optimal agricultural structure allocation based on carbon source/sink accounting76
Determination and analysis of groundwater ecological level in Changling County75
The current and future potential geographical distribution of Nepeta crispa Willd., an endemic, rare and threatened aromatic plant of Iran: Implications for ecological conservation and restoration75
Assessing sustainability environmental performance of three urban agglomerations in China: An input–output modeling approach75
A novel assessment framework for colored-water footprint inequality in China74
Significant influences of extreme climate on autumn phenology in Central Asia grassland74
Assessing the impacts of historical and future land-use/cover change on habitat quality in the urbanizing Lhasa River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau74
Soil water retention capacity surpasses climate humidity in determining soil organic carbon content but not plant production in the steppe zone of Northern China74
Identifying critical climate periods for temporal dynamics of aboveground net primary productivity in the Eurasian steppe region73
A novel framework for identifying causes of forest fire events using environmental and temporal characteristics of the ignition point in fire footprint73
Evaluation of the current status and risks of aquatic ecology in the Jialing River Basin based on the characteristics and succession trends of phytoplankton communities72
Small patches are hotspots for biodiversity conservation in fragmented landscapes72
Spatial heterogeneity of driving factors for urban heat health risk in Chongqing, China: A new identification method and proposal of planning response framework71
Assessing the potential of BirdNET to infer European bird communities from large-scale ecoacoustic data71
Estimating the spatial distribution of soil total arsenic in the suspected contaminated area using UAV-Borne hyperspectral imagery and deep learning71
Spatiotemporal variations of water conservation and its influencing factors in the Qinghai Plateau, China71
Rapid climate changes responsible for increased net global cropland carbon sink during the last 40 years71
Characteristics and influencing factors of farmland abandonment in the karst rocky desertification area of Southwest China70
River reach types as large-scale biodiversity proxies for management: The case of the Greater Mekong Region70
Trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services on the Tibetan Plateau70
Rainfall interception using the revised Gash analytical model for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in a semi-humid region of NE China70
The impact of environmental regulation on capacity utilization of China’s manufacturing industry: An empirical research based on the sector level69
Projections of land use/cover change and habitat quality in the model area of Yellow River delta by coupling land subsidence and sea level rise69
Trophic importance of the seagrass Halophila ovalis in the food web of a Hepu seagrass bed and adjacent waters, Beihai, China68
Influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of Wadi Itwad Aquifer, Saudi Arabia: Assessment using multivariate statistics and PMWIN simulation67
Dynamic assessment and influencing factors analysis of water environmental carrying capacity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China67
Study on the development trend of social-ecological systems and the drivers of sustainable development – A case study of the Loess Plateau in China66
A methodology for assessing spatio-temporal dynamics of flood regulating services66
Application of MSPA-MCR models to construct ecological security pattern in the basin: A case study of Dawen River basin66
Towards interpreting machine learning models for understanding the relationship between vegetation growth and climate factors: A case study of the Anhui Province, China66
Harmful blooms across a longitudinal gradient in central Europe during heatwave: Cyanobacteria biomass, cyanotoxins, and nutrients65
Construction and stability evaluation of ecological networks in the Loess Plateau65
Non-random species loss under human disturbance increases the nestedness component of macroinvertebrate beta diversity in tropical streams65
A new framework for identifying ecological conservation and restoration areas to enhance carbon storage65
Changes in the severity of compound hot-dry-windy events over global land areas65
Changes in multiple ecosystem services and their influencing factors in Nordic countries64
Land surface phenology detections from multi-source remote sensing indices capturing canopy photosynthesis phenology across major land cover types in the Northern Hemisphere64
Different responses of soil water to warming controlled by evapotranspiration during grassland degradation: A case study in the typical steppe of China64
Patterns of bird species richness explained by annual variation in remotely sensed Dynamic Habitat Indices64
Optimisation of ecological security patterns in ecologically transition areas under the perspective of ecological resilience − a case of Taohe River64
Fish environmental RNA enables precise ecological surveys with high positive predictivity64
Changes in south-Swedish vegetation composition over the last 200 years as described by species-specific indicator and trait values and documented by museum and literature records64
Downscaling estimation of NEP in the ecologically-oriented county based on multi-source remote sensing data64
Impacts of human footprint on habitat quality and permafrost environment in Northeast China63
Influence of saline intrusion on the wetland ecosystem revealed by isotopic and hydrochemical indicators in the Yellow River Delta, China63
Integration of water management in the assessment of the impact of heavy metals discharge from the power plant with mitigation strategies63
Exploring the dynamic spatial spillover and nonlinear threshold effect of urbanization on urban green development efficiency in China63
Ensemble projections of fish distribution in response to climate changes in the Yellow and Bohai Seas, China62
A multi-isotope approach to evaluate the potential of great cormorant eggs for contaminant monitoring62
What drives urban land green use efficiency in China: A global meta-frontier Malmquist Index approach62
Soil organic carbon distribution and factors affecting carbon accumulation in natural and plantation forests in tropical China62
Green innovation efficiency of China's tourism industry from the perspective of shared inputs: Dynamic evolution and combination improvement paths62
Rocket launching activities are associated with reduced insect species richness and abundance in two types of tropical plantations around the Wenchang Satellite Launch Center, southern China62
Quantitative contribution of climate change and vegetation restoration to ecosystem services in the Inner Mongolia under ecological restoration projects62
Canopy structure influences arthropod communities within and beyond tree identity effects: Insights from combining LiDAR data, insecticidal fogging and machine learning regression modelling61
Multi-trophic level responses to environmental stressors over the past ~150 years: Insights from a lake-rich region of the world61
Green logistics performance Index as a benchmarking tool for EU countries environmental sustainability61
Application of remote sensing and machine learning algorithms for forest fire mapping in a Mediterranean area61
The evolution of settlement system and the paths of rural revitalization in alpine pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A case study of Nagqu County61
Cedrus distribution change: past, present, and future61
Full Title: Quantifying the ecological carrying capacity of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau61
Field identification of drought tolerant wheat genotypes using canopy vegetation indices instead of plant physiological and biochemical traits61
Variations in active layer soil hydrothermal dynamics of typical wetlands in permafrost region in the Great Hing’an Mountains, northeast China60
How do accuracy and model agreement vary with versioning, scale, and landscape heterogeneity for satellite-derived vegetation maps in sagebrush steppe?60
Location-specific heterogeneity in landslide resilience index: A household-based comparative study in Rangamati Hill District, Bangladesh60
Quantifying the influence of Chashma Right Bank Canal on land-use/land-cover and cropping pattern using remote sensing60
A new model based on coupling coordination analysis incorporates the development rate for urbanization and ecosystem services assessment: A case of the Yangtze River Delta60
Identifying the spatial relationships and drivers of ecosystem service supply–demand matching: A case of Yiluo River Basin60
Climate change effects on multi-taxa pollinator diversity and distribution along the elevation gradient of Mount Olympus, Greece60
Tree diversity depending on environmental gradients promotes biomass stability via species asynchrony in China’s forest ecosystems60
Urban heat islands and their effects on thermal comfort in the US: New York and New Jersey60
Aboveground biomass retrieval of wetland vegetation at the species level using UAV hyperspectral imagery and machine learning60
Grazing pressure index considering both wildlife and livestock in Three-River Headwaters, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau60
Comparing the performance of machine learning algorithms for estimating aboveground biomass in typical steppe of northern China using Sentinel imageries60
Impacts of environmental literacy on ecological networks in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China59
Elevated temperature and nitrogen deposition did not affect the impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil carbon or nitrogen stocks in atemperate meadow59
Transition in multi-dimensional leaf traits and their controls on water use strategies of co-occurring species along a soil limiting-resource gradient59
Quantifying the spatial impact of an invasive Acacia on ecosystem functioning using remote sensing59
Intelligent identification and management of flood risk areas in high-density blocks from the perspective of flood regulation supply and demand matching59
Analysis of winter survival strategies of sympatric black-necked cranes, and common cranes from the perspective of diet and gut microbiota59
Using propensity score matching models to assess the protection effectiveness in Pudacuo national Park, China59
Disturbance types play a key role in post-disturbance vegetation recovery in boreal forests of Northeast China59
Migration dynamics simulation of migratory fish in rivers58
A new statistical method for the comparison of biplots with the same objects and variables58
MBO based indicator-setting method for promoting low carbon city practice58
Spatiotemporal variation of phosphorus use efficiency across 70 lakes in China: Implications for lake eutrophication management58
Revisiting the effectiveness of biodiversity offsets in coastal wetlands of China through landscape connectivity58
Comparing the performance of phenocam GCC, MODIS GCC, and MODIS EVI for retrieving vegetation phenology and estimating gross primary production58
The interaction of environmental factors increases the risk of spatiotemporal transmission of pine wilt disease58
Research on collaborative management technology of deep multi-coal seam mining and pre-reclamation in coal-grain composite area57
A comprehensive risk management framework for NIMBY projects: Integrating social network analysis and risk transmission chains57
Hyporheic flow in aquatic Ranunculus habitats in temperate lowland rivers in Central Europe57
Dynamic analyses of soil erosion and improved potential combining topography and socio-economic factors on the Loess Plateau57
Montane peatland response to drought: Evidence from multispectral and thermal UAS monitoring57
Fractional Richness: An index for camera trap networks57
Using System Dynamics Modelling to visualize the effects of resource management and policy interventions on biodiversity at a regional scale56
Spatiotemporal differentiation and trend prediction of carbon emissions in China’s swine industry56
A prioritization metric and modelling framework for fragmented saltmarsh patches restoration56
Analysis of leaf-architecture characteristics and ecological adaptability of tree species in the upper reaches of the Chishui River56
Comparing the efficiencies of individual-scoring and complementarity-based algorithms in prioritizing existing protected areas56
Diatom metabarcoding as a tool to assess the water quality of two large tributaries of the Danube River55
An improved evaluation method to assess the coordination between mineral resource exploitation, economic development, and environmental protection55
Shade coffee or native forest? Indicators of winter habitat quality for a long-distance migratory bird in the Colombian Andes55
Distribution and factors influencing organic and inorganic carbon in surface sediments of tidal flats in northern Jiangsu, China55
Spatial-temporal variations of one-year ice in Antarctic different regions, 1988–202055
Environmental DNA as a method to reconstruct food webs and assess ecosystem health55
Effects of ecosystems preservation on economic growth in China’s coastal region: Multilevel modelling and exploration55
Transferability of 34 red-listed peatland plant species models across boreal vegetation zone54
Forest soils further acidify in core Natura 2000 areas amongst unaware government policy54
Ecological and navigational impact of the construction and operation of the Qingyuan dam54
Ecological quality in freshwater streams is reflected across all three domains of life54
Analysis of sustainable spatial structure of cities under the framework of “Economy-Society- Environment”: A case study Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration54
Quantifying the Soundscape: How filters change acoustic indices54
Spatiotemporal variation of essential ecosystem services and their trade-off/synergy along with rapid urbanization in the Lower Pearl River Basin, China54
The carbon tug-of-war: Assessing Dongjiang waterfront’s carbon neutrality potential in the battle between emissions and sinks54
Grassland restoration measures alter soil methane uptake by changing community phylogenetic structure and soil properties54
Spatial correlation network of Chinese-style ecological modernization and its influencing factors54
Species niche and interspecific associations alter flora structure along a fertilization gradient in an alpine meadow of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang54
Spatiotemporal changes in future water yield and the driving factors under the carbon neutrality target in Qinghai54
The effect of latitude on the efficacy of acoustic indices to predict biodiversity: A meta-analysis54
A comprehensive, locally adapted soil quality indexing under different land uses in a typical watershed of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau53
Study on the spatial–temporal patterns and evolution characteristics of ecological security based on dynamic evaluation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area53
Quantification and multiscenario simulation of ecological compensation and economic development coupling relationships in the YRB, China52
Impact of climate change on plant species richness across drylands in China: From past to present and into the future52
Viewing China's escalating heatwaves through the lens of complex networks52
Remote sensing of peatland degradation in temperate and boreal climate zones – A review of the potentials, gaps, and challenges52
A life stage resolved habitat model for guiding seagrass restoration in coastal lagoons52
Analysis and prediction of the spatiotemporal characteristics of land-use ecological risk and carbon storage in Wuhan metropolitan area52
Current and emerging technologies for carbon accounting in urban landscapes: Advantages and limitations52
Ecological effects of land use and land cover change in the typical ecological functional zones of Egypt52
Diversity of birds recorded at different altitudes in central Nepal Himalayas52
Scale effect of population and area exposed to water scarcity based on different recurrence periods: A case study of Gansu Province, China52
Spatiotemporal assessment of the cumulative exergy demand of agricultural greenhouse production with industrial symbiosis51
Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and mechanism of ecosystem service value in the mountain-river-sea transition zone based on “production-living-ecological space” —— Taking the Karst-Beibu Gulf51
Floristic diversity versus utilization value of selected semi-natural Central-European grassland communities: A study from Poland51
Route selection for scenic byways in karst areas based on the minimum cumulative resistance model: A case study of the Nanpan–Beipan River Basin, China51
Skeletal growth capacity as a measure of coral species and community resilience51
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