BMC Medical Research Methodology

Article	Citations
Estimation of marginal structural models under irregular visits and unmeasured confounder: calibrated inverse probability weights	471
A Bayesian network perspective on neonatal pneumonia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus	236
Statistical methods in the analysis of multicentre HIV randomized controlled trials in the African region: a scoping review	188
CalScope: methodology and lessons learned for conducting a remote statewide SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study in California using an at-home dried blood spot collection kit and online survey	184
Technologies for frailty, comorbidity, and multimorbidity in older adults: a systematic review of research designs	126
Clinical systematic reviews – a brief overview	113
How likely is unmeasured confounding to explain meta-analysis-derived associations between alcohol, other substances, and mood-related conditions with HIV risk behaviors?	111
regCOVID: Tracking publications of registered COVID-19 studies	110
Could master protocols be adapted for effectiveness-implementation hybrid studies?	105
Correction: In health research publications, the number of authors is strongly associated with collective self-citations but less so with citations by others	105
Should RECOVERY have used response adaptive randomisation? Evidence from a simulation study	91
Estimating comparative effectiveness using Single-Arm trials: A challenge in the field of agnosticism	89
Power and sample size calculation for incremental net benefit in cost effectiveness analyses with applications to trials conducted by the Canadian Cancer Trials Group	85
Improving the efficiency of drug resistant tuberculosis treatment trials: a time-to-event alternative marker for bacteriological response and adaptive minimization for randomization	85
The impact of iterative removal of low-information cluster-period cells from a stepped wedge design	74
Modelling of intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay as a quality measure: a problematic exercise	73
MetaAnalyst: a user-friendly tool for metagenomic biomarker detection and phenotype classification	71
A gated group sequential design for seamless Phase II/III trial with subpopulation selection	69
Developing survey weights to ensure representativeness in a national, matched cohort study: results from the children and young people with Long Covid (CLoCk) study	65
Design and analysis of outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in veterans	63
Causal effect of chemotherapy received dose intensity on survival outcome: a retrospective study in osteosarcoma	61
Understanding facilitators of research participation among adults with self-reported chronic pain – a survey examining hypothetical research participation	58
Comparing methods for handling missing data in electronic health records for dynamic risk prediction of central-line associated bloodstream infection	55
A randomized Bayesian phase I-II dose optimization design for combination cancer therapies with progression-free survival end point	55
Recruitment of a probability-based general population health panel for public health research in Germany: the panel ‘Health in Germany’	52

Choices of measures of association affect the visualisation and composition of the multimorbidity networks	51
Handling of missing component information for common composite score outcomes used in axial spondyloarthritis research when complete-case analysis is unbiased	50
Towards robust electronic health record systems: integrating formal verification and process modeling techniques	50
Contextual effects: how to, and how not to, quantify them	50
External validation of existing dementia prediction models on observational health data	47
Using group testing in a two-phase epidemiologic design to identify the effects of a large number of antibody reactions on disease risk	46
The role and challenges of clinical research coordinators: insights from a national survey	46
A study within a trial (SWAT) of clinical trial feasibility and barriers to recruitment in the United Kingdom – the CapaCiTY programme experience	44
Fidelity, pragmatism and the “grey line” in between—exploring the delivery of a pragmatic physical activity randomised controlled trial—a secondary analysis	44
An algorithm to assess importance of predictors in systematic reviews of prediction models: a case study with simulations	41
Random-effects meta-analysis models for pooling rare events data: a comparison between frequentist and bayesian methods	40
Causal estimation of time-varying treatments in observational studies: a scoping review of methods, applications, and missing data practices	40
Using joint models to study the association between CD4 count and the risk of death in TB/HIV data	40
The choice of time scales in survival analysis has implications: calendar time versus patients’ time-to-event	39
Measuring the impact of zero-cases studies in evidence synthesis practice using the harms index and benefits index (Hi-Bi)	39
Response to “The importance of considering variability in re-expression of effect estimates for use in meta-analysis.” (Kopylev and Dzierlenga 2025)	39
Mediation analysis to identify causes of racial disparity in health outcomes: a comparison of model-based and outcome-based approaches	39
Cause of death coding in asthma	38
Evaluating methods to define place of residence in Canadian administrative data and the impact on observed associations with all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes	38
Bayesian spatial-temporal analysis and determinants of cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania mainland	38
Optimising research investment by simulating and evaluating monitoring strategies to inform a trial: a simulation of liver fibrosis monitoring	36
EQUATOR reporting guideline use and editorial enforcement in four medical specialties: a cross-sectional study of 20 high-impact journals	35
Methods for incorporating test result information within the high-dimensional propensity score framework: application in UK electronic health record data	35
Effect of alcohol consumption on breast cancer: probabilistic bias analysis for adjustment of exposure misclassification bias and confounders	35
Machine learning computational tools to assist the performance of systematic reviews: A mapping review	34
Variational biomarker pooling with calibration for time-to-event outcomes across multiple clinical studies	34
Assessing and adjusting for bias in ecological analysis using multiple sample datasets	32
Adaptive Gaussian process search for simulation-based sample size estimation in clinical prediction models: validation of the pmsims R package	32
Application of Q-methodology in chronic disease research: a scoping review	32
Target trial emulation with multi-state model analysis to assess treatment effectiveness using clinical COVID-19 data	32
Misspecification of confounder-exposure and confounder-outcome associations leads to bias in effect estimates	31
Development and validation of paired MEDLINE and Embase search filters for cost-utility studies	31
Measuring bereavement prevalence in a complex sampling survey: the 2019 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)	30
Binary classification with fuzzy logistic regression under class imbalance and complete separation in clinical studies	30
The reliance on conceptual frameworks in qualitative research – a way forward	30
Discretizing multiple continuous predictors with U-shaped relationships with lnOR: introducing the recursive gradient scanning method in clinical and epidemiological research	30
Practical basket design for binary outcomes with control of family-wise error rate	29
Using random-forest multiple imputation to address bias of self-reported anthropometric measures, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the Belgian health interview survey	29
A photograph of the researcher on the invitation letter did not affect the participation rate of a postal survey: a randomized study within a trial (SWAT)	29
From annotation to adaptation: extracting temporal relations in French clinical narratives	29
Comparison of two propensity score-based methods for balancing covariates: the overlap weighting and fine stratification methods in real-world claims data	29
Adjusting expected deaths for mortality displacement during the COVID-19 pandemic: a model based counterfactual approach at the level of individuals	28
Genetic matching for time-dependent treatments: a longitudinal extension and simulation study	28
Structured expert elicitation to inform long-term survival extrapolations using alternative parametric distributions: a case study of CAR T therapy for relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma	28
A reproducible statistical evaluation framework for large-sample assessment of AI-generated medical references: cross-platform application of the reference hallucination score	28
Correction: Individual patient data to allow a more elaborated comparison of trial results with real-world outcomes from second-line immunotherapy in NSCLC	28
MSMpred: interactive modelling and prediction of individual evolution via multistate models	27
Correction: Performance of several types of beta-binomial models in comparison to standard approaches for meta-analyses with very few studies	27
Comparison of analysis methods and design choices for treatment-by-period interaction in unidirectional switch designs: a simulation study	27
TRIPLE C reporting principles for case study evaluations of the role of context in complex interventions	26

Visualizing leadership classifications in rectangular data using a basket model and co-word network analysis: a case study of U.S. HCAHPS survey results	26
The potential impact fraction of population weight reduction scenarios on non-communicable diseases in Belgium: application of the g-computation approach	26
Instrumental variable approaches for estimating time-varying treatment effects in comparative effectiveness research	26
Predictive averaging and Rubin’s rule-based model pooling to predict survival risk with imputations in the presence of missing patient data: methodology and verification using two case studies and sim	26
A PubMed search filter for efficiently retrieving exercise training studies	26
Multiple imputation for missing values in ordinal variables from cancer registry data when performing Cox proportional hazards regression	26
Interrater reliability estimators tested against true interrater reliabilities	25
Application of machine learning in predicting survival outcomes involving real-world data: a scoping review	25
Single-label and multi-label classification for disease recognition with special consideration of comorbidities	25
Comparison of the effects of imputation methods for missing data in predictive modelling of cohort study datasets	24
Accounting for bias due to outcome data missing not at random: comparison and illustration of two approaches to probabilistic bias analysis: a simulation study	24
SurvdigitizeR: an algorithm for automated survival curve digitization	24
Comparison of methods for tuning machine learning model hyper-parameters: with application to predicting high-need high-cost health care users	24
Development and validation of a model to identify polycystic ovary syndrome in the French national administrative health database	23
The difference between concealment and blinding in clinical trials and why both are important. A reply to Garg and Mickenautsch, BMC Medical Research Methodology (2022) 22:17	23
Random survival forests for the analysis of recurrent events for right-censored data, with or without a terminal event	23
Case study in VersKiK: a methodological approach for studying paediatric cancer survivors’ pathways	23
Two-part model for ventilator-free days in a cluster randomized cross-over clinical trial	23
Comparing causal inference methods for point exposures with missing confounders: a simulation study	22
Does the feedback of blood results in observational studies influence response and consent? A randomised study of the Understanding Society Innovation Panel	22
Text analysis framework for identifying mutations among non-small cell lung cancer patients from laboratory data	22
Association of ABO blood groups with venous thrombosis recurrence in middle-aged patients: insights from a weighted Cox analysis dedicated to ambispective design	21
Elucidating vaccine efficacy using a correlate of protection, demographics, and logistic regression	21
Creating a meta-REM map: pragmatic improvements to ripple effects mapping methodology used to support evaluations of complex public health systems	21
Recruiting and retaining community-based participants in a COVID-19 longitudinal cohort and social networks study: lessons from Victoria, Australia	21
Comparison of Pocock and Simon’s covariate-adaptive randomization procedures in clinical trials	21
Development of a standardized patient-reported clinical questionnaire for children with spinal pain	21
Correction: A scoping review of statistical methods in studies of biomarker-related treatment heterogeneity for breast cancer	21
CAT HPPR: a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of systematic, rapid, and scoping reviews investigating interventions in health promotion and prevention	21
The methodological quality of systematic reviews regarding the Core Outcome Set (COS) development	21
SpatialWavePredict: a tutorial-based primer and toolbox for forecasting growth trajectories using the ensemble spatial wave sub-epidemic modeling framework	21
Simulation-based assessment of a Bayesian M-spline survival model with flexible baseline hazard and time-dependent effects	20
Evaluation of intervention systematic reviews on chronic non-communicable diseases and lifestyle risk factors in low-middle income countries: meta-research	20
Estimating causal effects in the presence of competing events using regression standardisation with the Stata command standsurv	20
Predicting kidney graft function and failure among kidney transplant recipients	20
Concordance between humans and GPT-4 in appraising the methodological quality of case reports and case series using the Murad tool	20
Selecting a randomization method for a multi-center clinical trial with stochastic recruitment considerations	20
Adjusting for Berkson error in exposure in ordinary and conditional logistic regression and in Poisson regression	20
Challenges in measurement of adolescent mental health: how are gender patterns affected when level of symptoms is analysed simultaneously with impairment?	19
Piloting an automated clinical trial eligibility surveillance and provider alert system based on artificial intelligence and standard data models	19
Analysing cluster randomised controlled trials using GLMM, GEE1, GEE2, and QIF: results from four case studies	19
Large language models vs. conventional search in identifying delirium guidelines for a scoping review	19
Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis (PSSA) to assess prescribing cascades: a step-by-step guide	19
Exploring flexible polynomial regression as a method to align routine clinical outcomes with daily data capture through remote technologies	19
Clustering methods for categorical time series and sequences : a scoping review	19
A scoping review on the methodological and reporting quality of scoping reviews in China	19
Artificial intelligence for the science of evidence synthesis: how good are AI-powered tools for automatic literature screening?	18
Adaptation and psychometric assessment of a sexual and reproductive empowerment scale in Arabic among refugee and non-refugee adolescent girls	18
Network analysis for estimating standardization trends in genomics using MEDLINE	18
Quantitative evaluation of recruitment strategies in a cluster-randomized trial: segmented regression and cost analysis from the AOK-Family + study	18
Sample size recalculation in three-stage clinical trials and its evaluation	18
Development of the multivariate administrative data cystectomy model and its impact on misclassification bias	18
Reporting of flow diagrams in randomised controlled trials published in periodontology and implantology: a survey	18
Estimating reference intervals from an IPD meta-analysis using quantile regression	18
Multi-group global tests for restricted mean survival time and restricted mean time lost: a variable transformation approach	18
Time-constant absolute effect measures for time-to-event outcomes	18
Systematic comparison of approaches to analyze clustered competing risks data	17
Multi-arm multi-stage (MAMS) randomised selection designs: impact of treatment selection rules on the operating characteristics	17
Inconsistencies in self-reported diabetes in a large panel study: the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)	17
Protocol implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences from a randomized trial of stress ulcer prophylaxis	17
Prediction of recurrent ischemic stroke using machine learning from real-world data	17
Guidance for protocol content and reporting of dog-assisted interventions in randomised controlled trials: explanation and elaboration of the SPIRIT 2025 and CONSORT 2025 extensions	17
Agreement test of P value versus Bayes factor for sample means comparison: analysis of articles from the Angle Orthodontist journal	17
HILAMA: High-dimensional multi-omics mediation analysis with latent confounding	17
Beyond the Cox model: a log-logistic accelerated failure time frailty model for analysing first birth timing in Zimbabwe	17
The impact of heterogeneity on the analysis of platform trials with normally distributed outcomes	17
Estimating intervention impacts when timing is unclear: an AR-LagDT model with distributed lags	17
Correction: CRIME‑Q—a unifying tool for critical appraisal of methodological (technical) quality, quality of reporting and risk of bias in animal research	17
Prospective sampling bias in COVID-19 recruitment methods: experimental evidence from a national randomized survey testing recruitment materials	17
Assessing the impact of variance heterogeneity and misspecification in mixed-effects location-scale models	17
The Cartesian Gaussian additive noise model for directed network inference in omics data	17
Development and validation of a distributed representation model of Japanese high-dimensional administrative claims data for clinical epidemiology studies	17
Grey literature scoping review: a synthesis of the application of participatory methodologies in underrepresented groups at an elevated risk of dementia	16
Agreement between ChatGPT and human-derived multilevel meta-analyses: a reproducibility study across clinical evidence syntheses	16
Methodological guidance for the evaluation and updating of clinical prediction models: a systematic review	16
The importance of considering variability in re-expression of effect estimates for use in meta-analyses	16
How important is the linearity assumption in a sample size calculation for a randomised controlled trial where treatment is anticipated to affect a rate of change?	16
The relationship of publication language, study population, risk of bias, and treatment effects in acupuncture related systematic reviews: a meta-epidemiologic study	16
Where did I leave my systematic review protocol, and what should it contain regarding Trial Sequential Analysis?	16
The gap between statistical and clinical significance: time to pay attention to clinical relevance in patient-reported outcome measures of insomnia	16

Longitudinal plasmode algorithms to evaluate statistical methods in realistic scenarios: an illustration applied to occupational epidemiology	16
The effect of dichotomization of skewed adjustment covariates in the analysis of clinical trials	16
Ranking of treatments in network meta-analysis: incorporating minimally important differences	16
Evaluation of data imputation strategies in complex, deeply-phenotyped data sets: the case of the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project	16
A weighted casebase framework for outcome-dependent two-phase sampling designs	16
Evidence pointing toward invalidity of the SF-8 physical and mental scales: a fusion validity assessment	16
Some examples of privacy-preserving sharing of COVID-19 pandemic data with statistical utility evaluation	16
Summary measures derived from a multi-state modeling framework to characterize the course of heart disease	15
A comparison of frequentist and Bayesian approaches to the Personalised Randomised Controlled Trial (PRACTical)—design and analysis considerations	15
Moving towards accurate and transparent AMSTAR 2 ratings and correcting the record on Cochrane reviews	15
Penalized landmark supermodels (penLM) for dynamic prediction for time-to-event outcomes in high-dimensional data	15
nlive: an R package to facilitate the application of the sigmoidal and random changepoint mixed models	15
Correction: Impact of sampling and data collection methods on maternity survey response: a randomised controlled trial of paper and push-to-web surveys and a concurrent social media survey	15
Rapid, effective, and affordable randomisation for emergency neonatal research in a low-resource setting: a feasibility randomised controlled trial	15
Development of an Aboriginal Resilience and Recovery Questionnaire – a collaboration between practitioners and help-seeking clients of a Victorian Aboriginal community controlled health service	15
Determining the extent and frequency of on-site monitoring: a bayesian risk-based approach	15
Correction: Feasibility of a hybrid clinical trial for respiratory virus detection in toddlers during the influenza season	15
The classification algorithms to support the management of the patient with femur fracture	15
Identification of patients’ smoking status using an explainable AI approach: a Danish electronic health records case study	14
Negative log-binomial model with optimal robust variance to estimate the prevalence ratio, in cross-sectional population studies	14
Bayesian dynamic borrowing in group-sequential design for medical device studies	14
High-dimensional mediation analysis for continuous outcome with confounders using overlap weighting method in observational epigenetic study	14
Advancements in predicting and modeling rare event outcomes for enhanced decision-making	14
Multiply robust estimator for the difference in survival functions using pseudo-observations	14
The minimal important difference of patient-reported outcome measures related to female urinary incontinence: a systematic review	14
Propensity score analysis for health care disparities: a deweighting approach	14
Multimorbidity prevalence and health outcome prediction: assessing the impact of lookback periods, disease count, and definition criteria in health administrative data at the population-based level	14
Design and statistical analysis reporting among interrupted time series studies in drug utilization research: a cross-sectional survey	14
Analysis of applying a patient safety taxonomy to patient and clinician-reported incident reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study	14
A logical analysis of null hypothesis significance testing using popular terminology	14
Development of a protocol complexity tool: a framework designed to stimulate discussion and simplify study design	14
Correction: Evaluating quasi-experimental approaches for estimating epidemiological efficacy of non-randomised field trials: applications in Wolbachia interventions for dengue	14
Comparison of Bayesian Networks, G-estimation and linear models to estimate causal treatment effects in aggregated N-of-1 trials with carry-over effects	14
From raw clinical data to robust prediction: an AI framework for early lymphedema detection	14
Advancing guideline quality through country-wide and regional quality assessment of CPGs using AGREE: a scoping review	14
From simple to even simpler, but not too simple: a head-to-head comparison of the Better-Worse and Drop-Down methods for measuring patient health status	13
Development and validation of machine learning models for predicting operative duration in assisted reproductive technology procedures	13
Estimating effects of health policy interventions using interrupted time-series analyses: a simulation study	13
Handling missing values in patient-reported outcome data in the presence of intercurrent events	13
Patient regional index: a new way to rank clinical specialties based on outpatient clinics big data	13
Grouped data with survey revision	13
Count data models for outpatient health services utilisation	13
Sensitivity analyses for data missing at random versus missing not at random using latent growth modelling: a practical guide for randomised controlled trials	13
A compartmental model for smoking dynamics in Italy: a pipeline for inference, validation, and forecasting under hypothetical scenarios	13
Using principal components as covariates in propensity score weighting: a simulation study	13
Performance metrics for models designed to predict treatment effect	13
Bayesian Mendelian randomization with an interval causal null hypothesis: ternary decision rules and loss function calibration	12
Addressing treatment switching in the ALTA-1L trial with g-methods: exploring the impact of model specification	12
Ensuring cross-cultural data comparability by means of anchoring vignettes in heterogeneous refugee samples	12
Dynamic prediction of adverse outcomes in discharged COPD patients using patient-reported outcomes	12
Should multiple imputation be stratified by exposure group when estimating causal effects via outcome regression in observational studies?	12
Adjusting for outcome risk factors in immigrant datasets: total or direct effects?	12
The conclusiveness of trial sequential analysis varies with estimation of between-study variance: a case study	12
How reliable are ROC cut-offs? Evidence from simulation and empirical analysis	12
Predicting lung cancer survival prognosis based on the conditional survival bayesian network	12
Constructing within and between hospital physician social networks for modeling physician research participation	12
Adaptations for remote research work: a modified web-push strategy compared to a mail-only strategy for administering a survey of healthcare experiences	12
Major mistakes or errors in the use of trial sequential analysis in systematic reviews or meta-analyses – the METSA systematic review	12
Analyzing missingness patterns in real-world data using the SMDI toolkit: application to a linked EHR-claims pharmacoepidemiology study	12
“Cake causes herpes?” - promiscuous dichotomisation induces false positives	12
The optimal approach for retrieving systematic reviews was achieved when searching MEDLINE and Epistemonikos in addition to reference checking: a methodological validation study	11
Two-step spatiotemporal anomaly detection corrected for lag reporting time with application to real-time dengue surveillance in Thailand	11
Cluster randomised trials with a binary outcome and a small number of clusters: comparison of individual and cluster level analysis method	11
Widening participation – recruitment methods in mental health randomised controlled trials: a qualitative study	11
Gaps in the usage and reporting of multiple imputation for incomplete data: findings from a scoping review of observational studies addressing causal questions	11
Real-time prediction of trauma-induced coagulopathy using an inverted transformer (trauma-former): a methodological feasibility and simulation study based on the ADEMP framework	11
Tailored approach to participant recruitment and retention to maximize health equity in pediatric cancer research	11
CRIME-Q—a unifying tool for critical appraisal of methodological (technical) quality, quality of reporting and risk of bias in animal research	11
Theory in qualitative research: a qualitative study of research experts’ views	11
Understanding multimorbidity: insights with graphical models	11
Robustness assessment of regressions using cluster analysis typologies: a bootstrap procedure with application in state sequence analysis	11
Digital focus groups in healthcare interventions: A reflexive methodological analysis of how socio-technical and relational factors co-produce qualitative data	11
Dementia risk prediction in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a comparison of Cox regression and machine learning models	11
Informed Bayesian survival analysis	11
Recruitment into antibody prevalence studies: a randomized trial of postcards vs. letters as invitations	11
Balancing rigor and pragmatism in health research: a guide to choosing study designs for real-world settings	11
Streamlining systematic reviews with large language models using prompt engineering and retrieval augmented generation	11
Evaluation of the Fill-it-up-design to use historical control data in randomized clinical trials with two arm parallel group design	11
Use and misuse of random forest variable importance metrics in medicine: demonstrations through incident stroke prediction	11
External control arm analysis: an evaluation of propensity score approaches, G-computation, and doubly debiased machine learning	11
Longitudinal mediation analysis with multilevel and latent growth models: a separable effects causal approach	11
A comparative evaluation of sufficient dimension reduction and traditional statistical methods for composite biomarker score construction in diagnostic classification	11
Identifying biologically implausible values in big longitudinal data: an example applied to child growth data from the Brazilian food and nutrition surveillance system	10
Capturing the variety of clinical pathways in patients with schizophrenic disorders through state sequences analysis	10
Model-based standardization using multiple imputation	10
Exploring data reduction strategies in the analysis of continuous pressure imaging technology	10
Methodological and applicability pitfalls of clinical prediction models for asthma diagnosis: a systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence	10
What actually happens in partnered health research? A concordance analysis of agreement on partnership practices in funded Canadian projects between academic and knowledge user investigators	10
Correction: A non-parametric approach to predict the recruitment for randomized clinical trials: an example in elderly inpatient settings	10
Exploring the use of the aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander quality appraisal tool in Indigenous health research	10
Machine learning performance for a small dataset: random oversampling improves data imbalances and fairness	10
Reviewing methodological approaches to dose-response modelling in complex interventions: insights and perspectives	10
Integrating fractional-order SEI1I2I3QCR model with awareness and non-pharmaceutical interventions for optimal COVID-19 pandemic	10
Characterizing individual and methodological risk factors for survey non-completion using machine learning: findings from the U.S. Millennium Cohort Study	10
Competing-risks analysis for evaluating the prognosis of patients with microinvasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma based on the SEER database	10