BMC Medical Research Methodology

Article	Citations
Interrupted time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models: a guide for evaluating large-scale health interventions	255
Conducting proportional meta-analysis in different types of systematic reviews: a guide for synthesisers of evidence	219
IPDfromKM: reconstruct individual patient data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves	201
COSMIN Risk of Bias tool to assess the quality of studies on reliability or measurement error of outcome measurement instruments: a Delphi study	197
Social media as a recruitment platform for a nationwide online survey of COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices in the United States: methodology and feasibility analysis	142
Generation and evaluation of synthetic patient data	140
Major adverse cardiovascular event definitions used in observational analysis of administrative databases: a systematic review	127
Open science saves lives: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic	118
Semantic and cognitive tools to aid statistical science: replace confidence and significance by compatibility and surprise	114
COVID-19-related medical research: a meta-research and critical appraisal	97
Real-world data: a brief review of the methods, applications, challenges and opportunities	92
Accuracy of random-forest-based imputation of missing data in the presence of non-normality, non-linearity, and interaction	91
Mediation analysis methods used in observational research: a scoping review and recommendations	90
Bayesian alternatives to null hypothesis significance testing in biomedical research: a non-technical introduction to Bayesian inference with JASP	81
Joint analysis of duration of ventilation, length of intensive care, and mortality of COVID-19 patients: a multistate approach	81
Managing overlap of primary study results across systematic reviews: practical considerations for authors of overviews of reviews	75
A conceptual framework for prognostic research	74
Improving design choices in Delphi studies in medicine: the case of an exemplary physician multi-round panel study with 100% response	66
Protocol registration issues of systematic review and meta-analysis studies: a survey of global researchers	66
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an evidence map of medical literature	63
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on publication dynamics and non-COVID-19 research production	62
Conceptualising natural and quasi experiments in public health	62
Sample size calculation for prevalence studies using Scalex and ScalaR calculators	60
Most published meta-regression analyses based on aggregate data suffer from methodological pitfalls: a meta-epidemiological study	57
A tutorial on methodological studies: the what, when, how and why	55

Machine learning in medicine: a practical introduction to natural language processing	52
Going web or staying paper? The use of web-surveys among older people	51
Completeness of reporting of clinical prediction models developed using supervised machine learning: a systematic review	50
Application of machine learning in predicting hospital readmissions: a scoping review of the literature	50
A narrative review on the validity of electronic health record-based research in epidemiology	49
A scoping review of Q-methodology in healthcare research	49
An evaluation of DistillerSR’s machine learning-based prioritization tool for title/abstract screening – impact on reviewer-relevant outcomes	48
Ensuring protocol compliance and data transparency in clinical trials using Blockchain smart contracts	48
Facilitating harmonized data quality assessments. A data quality framework for observational health research data collections with software implementations in R	48
Using a distribution-based approach and systematic review methods to derive minimum clinically important differences	44
Quality assessment tools used in systematic reviews of in vitro studies: A systematic review	43
Comparison of six statistical methods for interrupted time series studies: empirical evaluation of 190 published series	43
Directed acyclic graphs and causal thinking in clinical risk prediction modeling	43
An R package for an integrated evaluation of statistical approaches to cancer incidence projection	42
Methodological conduct of prognostic prediction models developed using machine learning in oncology: a systematic review	41
Research methodology and characteristics of journal articles with original data, preprint articles and registered clinical trial protocols about COVID-19	41
Epistemonikos: a comprehensive database of systematic reviews for health decision-making	41
Applying an intersectionality lens to the theoretical domains framework: a tool for thinking about how intersecting social identities and structures of power influence behaviour	39
Estimating age-specific COVID-19 fatality risk and time to death by comparing population diagnosis and death patterns: Australian data	39
How methodological frameworks are being developed: evidence from a scoping review	39
Re-evaluation of the comparative effectiveness of bootstrap-based optimism correction methods in the development of multivariable clinical prediction models	38
Translation method is validity evidence for construct equivalence: analysis of secondary data routinely collected during translations of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ)	38
A roadmap to using randomization in clinical trials	38
Don’t dismiss logistic regression: the case for sensible extraction of interactions in the era of machine learning	38
A comparison of residual diagnosis tools for diagnosing regression models for count data	37
Obtaining and managing data sets for individual participant data meta-analysis: scoping review and practical guide	36
Development, testing and use of data extraction forms in systematic reviews: a review of methodological guidance	34
The unintended consequences of COVID-19 mitigation measures matter: practical guidance for investigating them	34
Predictive approaches to heterogeneous treatment effects: a scoping review	33
Social network analysis methods for exploring SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing data	33
Methodological guidance for the evaluation and updating of clinical prediction models: a systematic review	33
Measuring psychological safety in healthcare teams: developing an observational measure to complement survey methods	33
Missing-data analysis: socio- demographic, clinical and lifestyle determinants of low response rate on self- reported psychological and nutrition related multi- item instruments in the context of the	33
Guidance for using artificial intelligence for title and abstract screening while conducting knowledge syntheses	32
Developing a toolkit for increasing the participation of black, Asian and minority ethnic communities in health and social care research	32
Survival prediction models since liver transplantation - comparisons between Cox models and machine learning techniques	31
Using multiple agreement methods for continuous repeated measures data: a tutorial for practitioners	30
A comparative study on deep learning models for text classification of unstructured medical notes with various levels of class imbalance	30
Laplace approximation, penalized quasi-likelihood, and adaptive Gauss–Hermite quadrature for generalized linear mixed models: towards meta-analysis of binary outcome with sparse data	30
International severe asthma registry (ISAR): protocol for a global registry	30
Evaluating complex interventions in context: systematic, meta-narrative review of case study approaches	30
A review of the use of propensity score diagnostics in papers published in high-ranking medical journals	29
Methodological tools and sensitivity analysis for assessing quality or risk of bias used in systematic reviews published in the high-impact anesthesiology journals	29
Database combinations to retrieve systematic reviews in overviews of reviews: a methodological study	29
Health and study dropout: health aspects differentially predict attrition	28
Using online technologies to improve diversity and inclusion in cognitive interviews with young people	28
Statistical analysis of two arm randomized pre-post designs with one post-treatment measurement	28
Evaluation of statistical methods used in the analysis of interrupted time series studies: a simulation study	28
A specific method for qualitative medical research: the IPSE (Inductive Process to analyze the Structure of lived Experience) approach	28
The semi-automation of title and abstract screening: a retrospective exploration of ways to leverage Abstrackr’s relevance predictions in systematic and rapid reviews	27

TIDieR-telehealth: precision in reporting of telehealth interventions used in clinical trials - unique considerations for the Template for the Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checkli	27
A four-step strategy for handling missing outcome data in randomised trials affected by a pandemic	27
Standardizing registry data to the OMOP Common Data Model: experience from three pulmonary hypertension databases	27
Which test for crossing survival curves? A user’s guideline	26
Using Trial Sequential Analysis for estimating the sample sizes of further trials: example using smoking cessation intervention	26
Instruments to measure fear of COVID-19: a diagnostic systematic review	25
Inverse probability weighting to handle attrition in cohort studies: some guidance and a call for caution	25
Generative adversarial networks for imputing missing data for big data clinical research	25
Comparison of methods for handling covariate missingness in propensity score estimation with a binary exposure	25
How are missing data in covariates handled in observational time-to-event studies in oncology? A systematic review	25
Assessing the hospital volume-outcome relationship in surgery: a scoping review	23
Analysis of COVID-19 data using neutrosophic Kruskal Wallis H test	23
Need of care in interpreting Google Trends-based COVID-19 infodemiological study results: potential risk of false-positivity	23
Using linear and natural cubic splines, SITAR, and latent trajectory models to characterise nonlinear longitudinal growth trajectories in cohort studies	23
Making implementation science more real	23
Strengthening methods for tracking adaptations and modifications to implementation strategies	23
Compbdt: an R program to compare two binary diagnostic tests subject to a paired design	23
Use of machine learning techniques to identify HIV predictors for screening in sub-Saharan Africa	23
Random survival forests for dynamic predictions of a time-to-event outcome using a longitudinal biomarker	22
Comparative analysis of explainable machine learning prediction models for hospital mortality	22
Inferencing superspreading potential using zero-truncated negative binomial model: exemplification with COVID-19	22
Including non-concurrent control patients in the analysis of platform trials: is it worth it?	22
Establishment of a pediatric COVID-19 biorepository: unique considerations and opportunities for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children	22
Noncollapsibility and its role in quantifying confounding bias in logistic regression	22
Towards reduction in bias in epidemic curves due to outcome misclassification through Bayesian analysis of time-series of laboratory test results: case study of COVID-19 in Alberta, Canada and Philade	22
Feasibility and evaluation of a large-scale external validation approach for patient-level prediction in an international data network: validation of models predicting stroke in female patients newly	21
A tutorial on the case time series design for small-area analysis	21
Response rate of patient reported outcomes: the delivery method matters	21
Does group-based trajectory modeling estimate spurious trajectories?	21
Fuzzy cognitive mapping and soft models of indigenous knowledge on maternal health in Guerrero, Mexico	20
LASSO type penalized spline regression for binary data	20
Contrasting cumulative risk and multiple individual risk models of the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and adult health outcomes	20
Meta-DiSc 2.0: a web application for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy data	20
P-values – a chronic conundrum	20
Immortal time bias for life-long conditions in retrospective observational studies using electronic health records	20
The use of experimental vignette studies to identify drivers of variations in the delivery of health care: a scoping review	20
Improving the use of focus group discussions in low income settings	20
Patient-centered practices for engaging transgender and gender diverse patients in clinical research studies	19
Primary outcome reporting in adolescent depression clinical trials needs standardization	19
Machine learning techniques for mortality prediction in critical traumatic patients: anatomic and physiologic variables from the RETRAUCI study	19
A randomized trial of mail and email recruitment strategies for a physician survey on clinical trial accrual	19
Do we need to adjust for interim analyses in a Bayesian adaptive trial design?	19
Should samples be weighted to decrease selection bias in online surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic? Data from seven datasets	19
Qualitative longitudinal research in health research: a method study	19
Time series prediction of under-five mortality rates for Nigeria: comparative analysis of artificial neural networks, Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average mo	19
COVID19-world: a shiny application to perform comprehensive country-specific data visualization for SARS-CoV-2 epidemic	19
COVID-19 impact on mental health	19
Strategies for assessing the impact of loss to follow-up on estimates of neurodevelopmental impairment in a very preterm cohort at 2 years of age	19
Similarities, reliability and gaps in assessing the quality of conduct of systematic reviews using AMSTAR-2 and ROBIS: systematic survey of nutrition reviews	19
Including ‘seldom heard’ views in research: opportunities, challenges and recommendations from focus groups with British South Asian people with type 2 diabetes	18
Statistical methods for the analysis of adverse event data in randomised controlled trials: a scoping review and taxonomy	18
Survival prediction models: an introduction to discrete-time modeling	18
Multiple imputation with missing indicators as proxies for unmeasured variables: simulation study	18
Development of an integrative coding framework for evaluating context within implementation science	18
Automating risk of bias assessment in systematic reviews: a real-time mixed methods comparison of human researchers to a machine learning system	18
Abstract screening using the automated tool Rayyan: results of effectiveness in three diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews	18
The minimal perceived change: a formal model of the responder definition according to the patient’s meaning of change for patient-reported outcome data analysis and interpretation	17
Ripple effects mapping: capturing the wider impacts of systems change efforts in public health	17
A new infodemiological approach through Google Trends: longitudinal analysis of COVID-19 scientific and infodemic names in Italy	17
Missing not at random in end of life care studies: multiple imputation and sensitivity analysis on data from the ACTION study	17
Machine learning in medicine: a practical introduction to techniques for data pre-processing, hyperparameter tuning, and model comparison	17
Predictive P-score for treatment ranking in Bayesian network meta-analysis	17
On model-based time trend adjustments in platform trials with non-concurrent controls	17
Minimal important difference and patient acceptable symptom state for pain, Constant-Murley score and Simple Shoulder Test in patients with subacromial pain syndrome	17
Informing the research agenda for optimizing audit and feedback interventions: results of a prioritization exercise	17
A review of the use of controlled multiple imputation in randomised controlled trials with missing outcome data	16
Methods to support evidence-informed decision-making in the midst of COVID-19: creation and evolution of a rapid review service from the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools	16
Spatial data analysis of malnutrition among children under-five years in Ethiopia	16
SARFIMA model prediction for infectious diseases: application to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and comparing with SARIMA	16
Short-term real-time prediction of total number of reported COVID-19 cases and deaths in South Africa: a data driven approach	16
Ensemble bootstrap methodology for forecasting dynamic growth processes using differential equations: application to epidemic outbreaks	16
What feedback do reviewers give when reviewing qualitative manuscripts? A focused mapping review and synthesis	16
The impact of lookback windows on the prevalence and incidence of chronic diseases among people living with HIV: an exploration in administrative health data in Canada	15
COVID-19 prevalence estimation by random sampling in population - optimal sample pooling under varying assumptions about true prevalence	15
The injury severity score: an operations perspective	15
Design and implementation of a massive open online course on enhancing the recruitment of minorities in clinical trials – Faster Together	15
A meta-review demonstrates improved reporting quality of qualitative reviews following the publication of COREQ- and ENTREQ-checklists, regardless of modest uptake	15
Oversampling and replacement strategies in propensity score matching: a critical review focused on small sample size in clinical settings	15
Recruiting a representative sample of urban South Australian Aboriginal adults for a survey on alcohol consumption	15
Growth mixture models: a case example of the longitudinal analysis of patient‐reported outcomes data captured by a clinical registry	15

Application of the matched nested case-control design to the secondary analysis of trial data	14
Identifying the fundamental structures and processes of care contributing to emergency general surgery quality using a mixed-methods Donabedian approach	14
Estimating effects of health policy interventions using interrupted time-series analyses: a simulation study	14
Virtual controls as an alternative to randomized controlled trials for assessing efficacy of interventions	14
Intention-to-treat analysis may be more conservative than per protocol analysis in antibiotic non-inferiority trials: a systematic review	14
Evaluation of approaches for multiple imputation of three-level data	14
Hospital workers mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: methods of data collection and characteristics of study sample in a university hospital in Milan (Italy)	14
Use of research electronic data capture (REDCap) in a COVID-19 randomized controlled trial: a practical example	14
Comparison of four algorithms on establishing continuous reference intervals for pediatric analytes with age-dependent trend	14
Methodology in core outcome set (COS) development: the impact of patient interviews and using a 5-point versus a 9-point Delphi rating scale on core outcome selection in a COS development study	13
Machine learning approach for the prediction of 30-day mortality in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy	13
Characteristics and practices of school-based cluster randomised controlled trials for improving health outcomes in pupils in the United Kingdom: a methodological systematic review	13
Nothing wrong about change: the adequate choice of the dependent variable and design in prediction of cognitive training success	13
Measuring clinical uncertainty and equipoise by applying the agreement study methodology to patient management decisions	13
A framework for exploring non-response patterns over time in health surveys	13
Impact of vaccine prioritization strategies on mitigating COVID-19: an agent-based simulation study using an urban region in the United States	13
Bayesian Hodges-Lehmann tests for statistical equivalence in the two-sample setting: Power analysis, type I error rates and equivalence boundary selection in biomedical research	13
Comparing regression modeling strategies for predicting hometime	13
Comparing multiple statistical software for multiple-indicator, multiple-cause modeling: an application of gender disparity in adult cognitive functioning using MIDUS II dataset	13
Methods for the inclusion of real-world evidence in network meta-analysis	13
Publication and related biases in health services research: a systematic review of empirical evidence	13
Variance constraints strongly influenced model performance in growth mixture modeling: a simulation and empirical study	13
Study retention and attrition in a longitudinal cohort study including patient-reported outcomes, fieldwork and biobank samples: results of the Netherlands quality of life and Biomedical cohort study	13
Fast and optimal algorithm for case-control matching using registry data: application on the antibiotics use of colorectal cancer patients	13
An assessment of the quality of current clinical meta-analyses	13
Poor reporting quality of observational clinical studies comparing treatments of COVID-19 – a retrospective cross-sectional study	12
On Jones et al.’s method for extending Bland-Altman plots to limits of agreement with the mean for multiple observers	12
Are there non-linear relationships between alcohol consumption and long-term health?: a systematic review of observational studies employing approaches to improve causal inference	12
Group testing performance evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 massive scale screening and testing	12
Item response theory and differential test functioning analysis of the HBSC-Symptom-Checklist across 46 countries	12
Patient-reported outcome measures for physical function in cancer patients: content comparison of the EORTC CAT Core, EORTC QLQ-C30, SF-36, FACT-G, and PROMIS measures using the International Classifi	12
Comparing current and emerging practice models for the extrapolation of survival data: a simulation study and case-study	12
Challenges of recruiting emergency department patients to a qualitative study: a thematic analysis of researchers’ experiences	12
The hunt for efficient, incomplete designs for stepped wedge trials with continuous recruitment and continuous outcome measures	12
Developing strategies to improve fidelity of delivery of, and engagement with, a complex intervention to improve independence in dementia: a mixed methods study	12
A scoping review of studies using observational data to optimise dynamic treatment regimens	12
Estimating the natural indirect effect and the mediation proportion via the product method	12
Predicting postoperative surgical site infection with administrative data: a random forests algorithm	12
Population segmentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical applications - a scoping review	12
Development and validation of prediction model to estimate 10-year risk of all-cause mortality using modern statistical learning methods: a large population-based cohort study and external validation	12
Advancing methodology for scoping reviews: recommendations arising from a scoping literature review (SLR) to inform transformation of Children and Adolescent Mental Health Services	12
Using random forests to model 90-day hometime in people with stroke	12
Instrumental variable estimation for a time-varying treatment and a time-to-event outcome via structural nested cumulative failure time models	12
Machine learning computational tools to assist the performance of systematic reviews: A mapping review	12
Integrating trials into a whole-population cohort of children and parents: statement of intent (trials) for the Generation Victoria (GenV) cohort	11
Performance of unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) for the evidence synthesis of single-arm trials with time-to-event outcomes	11
Recruiting general practitioners and patients with dementia into a cluster randomised controlled trial: strategies, barriers and facilitators	11
Inspection plan for COVID-19 patients for Weibull distribution using repetitive sampling under indeterminacy	11
Consequences of ignoring clustering in linear regression	11
Machine learning is an effective method to predict the 90-day prognosis of patients with transient ischemic attack and minor stroke	11
Low methodological quality of systematic reviews on acupuncture: a cross-sectional study	11
Identifying Potential Factors Associated with High HIV viral load in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa using Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Random Forest Analysis	11
Methodological assessment of systematic reviews of in-vitro dental studies	11
Differences between experimental and placebo arms in manual therapy trials: a methodological review	11
The effects of different lookback periods on the sociodemographic structure of the study population and on the estimation of incidence rates: analyses with German claims data	11
Alternative adjustment for seasonality and long-term time-trend in time-series analysis for long-term environmental exposures and disease counts	11
Patient information, communication and competence empowerment in oncology (PIKKO) – evaluation of a supportive care intervention for overall oncological patients. Study protocol of a non-randomized co	11
Evaluation of survival extrapolation in immuno-oncology using multiple pre-planned data cuts: learnings to aid in model selection	11
Current methods for development of rapid reviews about diagnostic tests: an international survey	11
Factors affecting adolescents’ participation in randomized controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare interventions: the case of the STEPSTONES project	10
Combining the theory of change and realist evaluation approaches to elicit an initial program theory of the MomConnect program in South Africa	10
Methodological approaches to imputing early-pregnancy weight based on weight measures collected during pregnancy	10
Symptom clusters among cancer survivors: what can machine learning techniques tell us?	10
A methodologic survey on use of the GRADE approach in evidence syntheses published in high-impact factor urology and nephrology journals	10
Estimation in meta-analyses of response ratios	10
Comparative diagnostic accuracy studies with an imperfect reference standard – a comparison of correction methods	10
Dynamic RMST curves for survival analysis in clinical trials	10
Characteristics and patient-reported outcomes associated with dropout in severely affected oncological patients: an exploratory study	10
To tune or not to tune, a case study of ridge logistic regression in small or sparse datasets	10
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) in a large and representative Swedish sample: is the use of the total scale and subscale scores justified?	10
Moving beyond the classic difference-in-differences model: a simulation study comparing statistical methods for estimating effectiveness of state-level policies	10
Incorporating and addressing testing bias within estimates of epidemic dynamics for SARS-CoV-2	10
Methodological aspects for accelerometer-based assessment of physical activity in heart failure and health	10
KMSubtraction: reconstruction of unreported subgroup survival data utilizing published Kaplan-Meier survival curves	10
Sources of potential bias when combining routine data linkage and a national survey of secondary school-aged children: a record linkage study	10
WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) extension for traditional Chinese medicine 2020: recommendations, explanation, and elaboration	10
The challenges in data integration – heterogeneity and complexity in clinical trials and patient registries of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	10
Development of a clinical tool for rating the body function categories of the ICF generic-30/rehabilitation set in Japanese rehabilitation practice and examination of its interrater reliability	10
Applied comparison of large‐scale propensity score matching and cardinality matching for causal inference in observational research	10
Advancing data science in drug development through an innovative computational framework for data sharing and statistical analysis	10
Interdisciplinary development of a standardized introduction to gene drives for lay audiences	9
No one accelerometer-based physical activity data collection protocol can fit all research questions	9
Neutral theory: applicability and neutrality of using generic health-related quality of life tools in diseases or conditions where specific tools are available	9
Predicting COVID-19 mortality risk in Toronto, Canada: a comparison of tree-based and regression-based machine learning methods	9
Simple Excel and ICD-10 based dataset calculator for the Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidity indices	9
Chi-square test under indeterminacy: an application using pulse count data	9
Forecasting COVID-19 cases using time series modeling and association rule mining	9
Use of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registries to assess COVID-19 home mortality	9
Development and pilot implementation of guidelines for culturally tailored research recruitment materials for African Americans and Latinos	9
The effect of disease co-occurrence measurement on multimorbidity networks: a population-based study	9
Investigator initiated trials versus industry sponsored trials - translation of randomized controlled trials into clinical practice (IMPACT)	9
Ordinal outcome analysis improves the detection of between-hospital differences in outcome	9
Practicalities in running early-phase trials using the time-to-event continual reassessment method (TiTE-CRM) for interventions with long toxicity periods using two radiotherapy oncology trials as exa	9
CHARMS and PROBAST at your fingertips: a template for data extraction and risk of bias assessment in systematic reviews of predictive models	9
An evaluation of whether propensity score adjustment can remove the self-selection bias inherent to web panel surveys addressing sensitive health behaviours	9