Expert Review of Vaccines

Article	Citations
Estimating the lifetime cost of vaccination in 23 European Countries: a modeling study	182
Expert review of global real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine booster effectiveness and safety during the omicron-dominant phase of the pandemic	166
Safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines, preventive strategies, and patient management	137
Review of scientific evidence to support recommendations of the full-dose DTaP-IPV vaccination in pre-school age children in Italy	89
Effectiveness of an mRNA vaccine booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in persons aged ≥60 years and other high-risk groups during predominant circulation of the delta variant	85
Toward an effective Staphylococcus vaccine: why have candidates failed and what is the next step?	83
Additional considerations for anti-tick vaccine research	72
Evaluating the reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines from network-meta analyses	71
Immune persistence induced by two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccine with different intervals, and immunogenicity and safety of a homologous booster dose in high-risk occupational population	66
Challenges in vaccine transport: can we deliver without the cold chain?	65
Response to: letter to “Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review”	63
Safety of primary immunization with a DTwP-HBV/Hib vaccine in healthy infants: a prospective, open-label, interventional, phase IV clinical study	59
Further implications on the global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2	58
Relationship between attitudes toward the effectiveness of vaccine, concerns about adverse reactions, and proactively taking SARS-Cov-2 vaccine for family among medical workers in Taizhou, China	56
COVID-19 vaccines coverage and effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents in the largest Health Authority of Lazio region (Italy): a population-based cohort study	56
Overcoming scientific barriers in the transition fromin vivoto non-animal batch testing of human and veterinary vaccines	56
Pneumococcal vaccine implementation in the African meningitis belt countries: the emerging need for alternative strategies	55
A review of data systems for assessing the impact of HPV vaccination in selected high-income countries	50
Eradicating polio in Pakistan: a systematic review of programs and policies	50
Estimating the time required to reach HPV vaccination targets across Europe	49
Monkeypox pandemic containment: does the ACAM2000 vaccine play a role in the current outbreaks?	49
Indirect protection from rotavirus vaccines: a systematic review	48
Global prevalence of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis	44
Safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in children and adults with asthma: a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis	43
The associations of geographic location and perceived risk of infection with the intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in China	41

Parental category B vaccine hesitancy and associated factors in China: an online cross-sectional survey	41
Approaches in broadening the neutralizing antibody response of the influenza vaccine	40
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards pneumococcal vaccines among adults in the United States	38
Measuring psychosocial determinants of vaccination behavior in healthcare professionals: validation of the Pro-VC-Be short-form questionnaire	36
COVID-19 vaccine equity: a health systems and policy perspective	36
Should we be vaccinating children against COVID-19 in high-income countries?	35
Current status of COVID-19 vaccination: safety and liability concern for children, pregnant and lactating women	34
Public preferences and willingness to accept a hypothetical vaccine to prevent a pandemic in Japan: a conjoint analysis	33
Monkeypox: a new face of outbreak	32
Major severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-associated adverse effects; benefits outweigh the risks	32
The influence of selected factors on the immunogenicity of preventive vaccinations against hepatitis A, B and influenza in solid organ transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy – a re	32
The iNTS-GMMA vaccine: a promising step in non-typhoidal Salmonella vaccine development	32
Influenza vaccine: progress in a vaccine that elicits a broad immune response	32
Vaccination deferral among children with seizures in Zhejiang: influence, recommendation, safety and implications	31
Understanding immunity to influenza: implications for future vaccine development	29
Synergistic activity of antibodies in the multicomponent 4CMenB vaccine	29
Immunization in state of siege: the importance of thermostable vaccines for Ukraine and other war-torn countries and territories	28
Lessons from a decade of adult vaccine rollout in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review	28
Controlled human infection models to evaluate schistosomiasis and hookworm vaccines: where are we now?	28
Immunogenicity and safety of a high-dose and prolonged-schedule hepatitis B vaccine among chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized, parallel-controlled trial	27
No association between enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccination and risk of febrile seizures: a population-based near real-time surveillance study	27
The broader impacts of otitis media and sequelae for informing economic evaluations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines	26
Immunogenicity and safety of two-dose or three-dose regimens of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised clinical trial	25
To mix or not to mix? A rapid systematic review of heterologous prime–boost covid-19 vaccination	25
Immune to addiction: how immunotherapies can be used to combat methamphetamine addiction	25
Recommendations to drive a value-based decision-making on vaccination	24
Cost-effectiveness of nonavalent HPV vaccination in the Netherlands	24
Influvac Tetra: clinical experience on safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity	24
A scoping review of literature exploring factors affecting vaccine uptake within Roma communities across Europe	24
The mRNA vaccine, a swift warhead against a moving infectious disease target	23
Correction	23
Adult vaccination against respiratory infections in Egypt: a review of expert opinions	22
Modelling the population-level benefits and cost-effectiveness of cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine for children and adolescents aged 6 months to 17 years in the US	22
Tackling vaccine inequity in 2023: have we made progress?	22
Impact of rotavirus vaccination on diarrheal disease burden of children in South America	22
Progress and challenges in Nipah vaccine development and licensure for epidemic preparedness and response	21
Preferences and attitudes of healthcare providers towards pneumococcal vaccines for adults in the United States	21
Generation of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody NEO-201, derived from a cancer vaccine, which targets human malignancies and immune suppressor cells	21
Invasive meningococcal disease epidemiology and vaccination strategies in four Southern European countries: a review of the available data	20
Respiratory syncytial virus infection and the need for immunization in Korea	20
PCV15, a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants and children	20
Nonhuman primate models for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines	20
Chlamydia trachomatisvaccine development – a view on the current challenges and how to move forward	20
PreHevbrio: the first approved 3-antigen hepatitis B vaccine	20
Effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection, symptomatic disease, and hospitalization: a systematic review and meta-analysis	20
Pregnancy outcomes following unintentional exposure to TAK-003, a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine	19
Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination in European healthcare settings: a systematic literature review	19
Influenza B virus neuraminidase: a potential target for next-generation vaccines?	18
Effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination on hospitalization and death in the adult and older adult diabetic population: a systematic review	18
Overcoming roadblocks in the development of vaccines for leishmaniasis	18

Parental knowledge about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and attitudes to infant immunization with monoclonal antibodies	18
HIV-1 therapeutic vaccines in clinical development to intensify or replace antiretroviral therapy: the promising results of the Tat vaccine	17
Evolution of A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza virus masking by glycosylation	17
Response to letter to the editor on a systematic review of invasive pneumococcal disease vaccine failures and breakthrough with higher-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children	17
Current development of Zika virus vaccines with special emphasis on virus-like particle technology	17
Efficacy, immunogenicity, and evidence for best-timing of pneumococcal vaccination in splenectomized adults: a systematic review	17
Inactivated recombinant influenza vaccine: the promising direction for the next generation of influenza vaccine	17
Economic evaluations of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a systematic review	17
Potential use of convalescent plasma for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis and treatment in immunocompromised and vulnerable populations	17
No observable influence of COVID-19 inactivated vaccines on pregnancy and birth outcomes in the first trimester of gestation	16
Development of a recombinant vaccine against human onchocerciasis	16
A journey worth taking: global eradication of measles, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome	16
Response to Feemster KA et al. letter to the editor on Cost-effectiveness analysis for PCV13 in adults 60 years and over with underlying medical conditions which put them at an elevated risk of pneumo	16
A policy review of the introduction of the MenACWY vaccine in toddlers across multiple countries	16
Reduced mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B after implementation of completely charge-free active-passive immunoprophylaxis: an observational cohort study	16
Public health impact and return on investment of the pediatric immunization program in Poland	16
SARS-CoV-2 the ASIA virus (Autoimmune/autoinflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants), the risk of infertility and vaccine hesitancy	16
Shoulder injury following COVID-19 vaccine administration: a case series and proposed diagnostic algorithm	15
COVID-19 vaccines: concerns beyond protective efficacy and safety	15
Inhaled vaccine delivery in the combat against respiratory viruses: a 2021 overview of recent developments and implications for COVID-19	15
Immunogenicity and safety of seasonal influenza vaccines in children under 3 years of age	15
Public health impact of UK COVID-19 booster vaccination programs during Omicron predominance	15
Progress Towards a Therapeutic HIV DNA Vaccine	15
Changes in vaccine administration trends across the life-course during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a claims database study	15
Modern vaccine strategies for emerging zoonotic viruses	15
Have mRNA vaccines sentenced DNA vaccines to death?	15
Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2	14
Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic through vaccination: a perspective from Indonesia	14
Immunomodulatory regulation by heat-labile enterotoxins and potential therapeutic applications	14
The chimera of S1 and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2: can it be a potential vaccine candidate for COVID-19?	14
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech (Bnt162b2) mRNA vaccination in immunocompromised adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analyses	14
Lessons from a mature acellular pertussis vaccination program and strategies to overcome suboptimal vaccine effectiveness	14
Diverse vaccine platforms safeguarding against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants	14
Vaccination strategies between compulsion and incentives. The Italian Green Pass experience	14
Repurposing of the childhood vaccines: could we train the immune system against the SARS-CoV-2	14
Construction of a multiepitope vaccine candidate against Fasciola hepatica : an in silico design using various immunogenic excretory/secre	14
The potential utility of liposomes forNeisseriavaccines	13
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in Italian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis	13
A review of evidence for pneumococcal vaccination in adults at increased risk of pneumococcal disease: risk group definitions and optimization of vaccination coverage in the United Kingdom	13
Pneumococcal serotypes missing prespecified efficacy threshold in immunogenicity trials: real-world evidence from national immunization programs	13
The road to achieving herd immunity: factors associated with Singapore residents’ uptake and hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccination	13
Real-world implementation of 4-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB): implications for clinical practices	13
COVID-19 vaccine coverage, concerns, and preferences among Chinese ICU clinicians: a nationwide online survey	13
Persistence of antibody to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a 5-year prospective follow-up cohort study	13
Public health impact and return on investment of the pediatric National Immunization Program in Italy	13
Translating meningococcal serogroup B vaccines for healthcare professionals	13
Preferences for herpes zoster vaccination among adults aged 50 years and older in the United States: results from a discrete choice experiment	13
Eyedrop vaccination: an immunization route with promises for effective responses to pandemics	13
Developing variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines to improve protection against Omicron and other recent variants: a plain language summary	13
Resilience learning from the COVID-19 pandemic and its relevance for routine immunization programs	13
Immunogenicity and safety of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine (CHO cell) LYB001 as a heterologous booster following two- or three-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged ≥18 years: inte	12
Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 booster dose vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the United Kingdom	12
Will the mRNA vaccine platform be the panacea for the development of vaccines against antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens?	12
Global impact of delta plus variant and vaccination	12
Nano-vaccines for gene delivery against HIV-1 infection	12
Challenges targeting cancer neoantigens in 2021: a systematic literature review	12
Monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisations and deaths during the Omicron BA.2.86/JN.1 period among older adults in seven European countries: A VEBIS-EHR network study	12
Vaccine development for pathogenic fungi: current status and future directions	12
A review of current data to support decision making for introduction of next generation higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of immunocompetent older adults in the UK	11
Next generation live-attenuated influenza vaccine platforms	11
Response letter Re: The burden of seasonal influenza: improving vaccination coverage to mitigate morbidity and its impact on healthcare systems	11
Examining the validity of the drivers of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance scale using Rasch analysis	11
Effectiveness of primary series, first, and second booster vaccination of monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron	11
Evaluation strategies for measuring pneumococcal conjugate vaccine impact in low-resource settings	11
SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine adjuvants and their signaling pathways	11
Hookworm vaccines: current and future directions	11
Social media strategies to affect vaccine acceptance: a systematic literature review	11
Immune response and safety of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during pregnancy: a real-world observational study	10
Vaccination against pertussis in Latin American preterm and low-birth weight infants: experts opinion position for a neglected childhood age group	10
Recombinant transmissible vaccines will be intrinsically contained despite the ability to superinfect	10
Microarray patches: scratching the surface of vaccine delivery	10
The protective effects of two varicella vaccination strategies: A Bayesian modeling study in two megacities in South China	10
Research progress on substitution of in vivo method(s) by in vitro method(s) for human vaccine potency assays	10
Mapping and ranking outcomes for the evaluation of seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy and effectiveness: a delphi study	10
Risks of low vaccination coverage and strategies to prevent the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in infants in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario: recommendations for Latin America and the Carib	10
Risk of herpes zoster following mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administration	10
Immunogenicity consistency and safety with different production scales of recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blinded, immunobridging trial	10
Mucosal vaccination: onward and upward	10
The use of electroporation to deliver DNA-based vaccines	10
A clinical and economic assessment of adjuvanted trivalent versus standard egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines among older adults in the United States during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 influenza	10

Effectiveness of maternal vaccination with quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in pregnant women and their infants in 2019-2020	10
Screening of tumor antigens and immunogenic cell death landscapes of prostate adenocarcinoma for exploration of mRNA vaccine	10
ExploringKlebsiella pneumoniaecapsule polysaccharide proteins to design multiepitope subunit vaccine to fight against pneumonia	10
How to improve pertussis vaccination in pregnancy: a European expert review	10
Personal and contextual determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention: a vignette study	10
Multi-functional antibody profiling for malaria vaccine development and evaluation	9
The important lessons lurking in the history of meningococcal epidemiology	9
Anti-COVID-19 vaccines and rare cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with thrombocytopenia: what about the pragmatic benefit/risk evaluation for still unvaccinated young women	9
Health behaviors are largely not predictive of adverse events following influenza vaccination	9
Waning intra-season vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) underlines the need for more durable protection	9
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among immunocompromised populations: a targeted literature review of real-world studies	9
Vaccination efforts for Buruli ulcer	9
An interview with Luc Provost, CEO of B Medical Systems, by Felicity Poole, commissioning editor	9
Progression from human papillomavirus (HPV) infection to cervical lesion or clearance in women (18–25 years): Natural history study in the control arm subjects of AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine efficacy study	9
Clinical development of variant-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines: the early Omicron era	9
Making COVID-19 mRNA vaccines accessible: challenges resolved	9
Cost-effectiveness of use of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among adults in Germany	9
Adaptive humoral immune response and cellular immune status in cancer patients and patients under immunosuppression vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2	9
The next generation of HCV vaccines: a focus on novel adjuvant development	9
Vaccines against leishmaniasis: using controlled human infection models to accelerate development	9
Current understandings of the impact of mandatory vaccination laws in Europe	9
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in pregnant and breastfeeding women and strategies to increase vaccination compliance: a systematic review and meta-analysis	9
Regulated microbe vaccines: from concept to (pre-clinical) reduction to practice	9
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among healthcare workers in South Africa	8
Batch-to-batch consistency trial of an adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine in adults aged 18 years and above	8
Safety, immunogenicity and immune-persistence of heterologous prime-boost immunization with BBIBP-CorV and ZF2001 against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adults aged 18 years or older	8
Lymphatic filariasis vaccine development: neglected for how long?	8
Real-world impact and effectiveness of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine: an updated systematic literature review	8
Human lymph node immune dynamics as driver of vaccine efficacy: an understudied aspect of immune responses	8
Cancer vaccines as a targeted immunotherapy approach for breast cancer: an update of clinical evidence	8
Equity in vaccination policies to overcome social deprivation as a risk factor for invasive meningococcal disease	8
The quest for an HIV-1 vaccine: will mRNA deliver us from evil?	8
Determinants of parental hesitancy to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in China	8
Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine response and immunogenicity assessment after one week and three months in repeatedly vaccinated adults	8
Safety and immunogenicity of an indigenously developed tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in adults, adolescents, and children in India	8
Comparing reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis	8
Reverse engineering approach: a step towards a new era of vaccinology with special reference to Salmonella	8
Adult vaccination in three Eastern Mediterranean countries: current status, challenges and the way forward	8
Correlates of protection for meningococcal surface protein vaccines: current approaches for the determination of breadth of coverage	8
Effectiveness of on-site influenza vaccination strategy in Italian healthcare workers: a systematic review and statistical analysis	8
The epidemiologic and biologic basis for classifying older age as a high-risk, immunocompromising condition for pneumococcal vaccine policy	8
Correspondence on ‘Herpes Zoster and Simplex reactivation following COVID-19 vaccination’	8
Is vaccination necessary for COVID-19 patients? A retrospective cohort study investigating reinfection rates and symptomatology in a tertiary hospital	8
Lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions following the COVID-19 pandemic – the quiet before the storm?	8
Diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spots for serology of vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review	8
Modeling the potential public health impact of different vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in South Africa	8
Non-COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among migrant populations worldwide: a scoping review of the literature, 2000-2020	8
Can protein vaccines for COVID-19 win over the vaccine-hesitant?	8
Neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response after two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in China	7
Reported adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination at a tertiary care hospital, focus on cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST)	7
National trends in patterns of under-vaccination in early childhood: National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2011–2021	7
Cost-utility of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to no vaccination and recommended alternative vaccines among Belgian adults	7
Response to Vyse et al., “A review of current data to support decision making for introduction of next generation higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of immunocompetent older adults in t	7
Thirty years of recombinant BCG: new trends for a centenary vaccine	7
Understanding COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Pakistan: an echo of previous immunizations or prospect of change?	7
Surveying willingness toward SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of healthcare workers in Italy	7
Immunogenicity and safety of ebolavirus vaccines in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	7
Hypothetical emergence of poliovirus in 2020: part 1. Consequences of policy decisions to respond using nonpharmaceutical interventions	7
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future pandemics	7
Hypothetical emergence of poliovirus in 2020: part 2. exploration of the potential role of vaccines in control and eradication	7
Understanding drivers of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in China: evidence from an extended theory of planned behavior	7
Insight into the current Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine: a review article	7
Single administration vaccines: delivery challenges, in vivo performance, and translational considerations	7
Comparison of preclinical efficacy of immunotherapies against HPV-induced cancers	7
The broader benefits of vaccines: methodologies for inclusion in economic evaluation	7
Neoadjuvant personalized cancer vaccines: the final frontier?	6
Global pandemic preparedness: learning from the COVID-19 vaccine development and distribution	6
Effect of homologous or heterologous vaccine booster over two initial doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine	6
Pneumococcal vaccination coverage among US adults enrolled in Medicaid and newly diagnosed with underlying medical conditions	6
Who is more likely to hesitate to accept COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional survey in China	6
DTaP-IPV-HB-Hib vaccine (Hexaxim): an update 10 years after first licensure	6
Influenza burden averted with a cell-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine compared with egg-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine	6
Dendritic cell-based vaccine: the state-of-the-art vaccine platform for COVID-19 management	6
Dilemma in prevention of pertussis infection among infants under six months in China	6
Sustained immunogenicity of bivalent protein COVID-19 vaccine SCTV01C against antigen matched and mismatched variants	6
Immunogenicity and safety of Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine: a phase 3 study in Chinese infants	6
Cardiovascular safety of COVID-19 vaccines in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis	6
COVID-19 and vaccination: myths vs science	6
Measles, mumps, rubella prevention: how can we do better?	6
PPSV-23 recommendation and vaccination coverage in China: a cross-sectional survey among healthcare workers, older adults and chronic disease patients	6
Economic evaluation of second measles containing vaccine (MCV) dose: a systematic review of available evidence	6
Potential Treponema denticola-based periodontal vaccine to resolve a global public health challenge: a narrative literature review	6
Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines: RTS,S, R21, and beyond	6
HPV vaccine introduction in the Americas: a decade of progress and lessons learned	6
Correlates of protection for meningococcal surface protein vaccines: lessons from the past	6
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of pneumococcal vaccines V114 and PCV20	6
Adverse events following influenza immunization: understanding the role of age and sex interactions	6
Cost-effectiveness analysis for PCV13 in adults 60 years and over with underlying medical conditions which put them at an elevated risk of pneumococcal disease in Japan	6
Combatting infectious diarrhea: innovations in treatment and vaccination strategies	6
Safety outcomes associated with the moderna COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273): a literature review	6
Molecular engineering tools for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases: current status and future directions	5
Analysis of the adverse events following the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine	5
Post-marketing surveillance for the safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: a retrospective real-world study in China	5
Immunogenicity assessment of elder hepatocellular carcinoma patients after inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccination	5
Understanding the mechanisms for COVID-19 vaccine’s protection against infection and severe disease	5